Als Praxisteam bei einem Athleten (oder einer Patientin) eine Leistungstestung durchzuführen, Laktat abzunehmen, im Ergospirometrie-Cockpit leistungsphysiologische Werte live zu verfolgen und zu interpretieren, ist fantastisch. Oder mit Krafttests den aktuellen Trainingstand und -fortschritte zu ermitteln, allfällige Defizite aufzuzeigen und diese gezielt anzugehen, sind dankbare und wertvolle Aufgaben.
{"title":"Leistungsdiagnostik in der Sportmedizin – Editorial 1/2019","authors":"","doi":"10.34045/ssem/2019/40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34045/ssem/2019/40","url":null,"abstract":"Als Praxisteam bei einem Athleten (oder einer Patientin) eine Leistungstestung durchzuführen, Laktat abzunehmen, im Ergospirometrie-Cockpit leistungsphysiologische Werte live zu verfolgen und zu interpretieren, ist fantastisch. Oder mit Krafttests den aktuellen Trainingstand und -fortschritte zu ermitteln, allfällige Defizite aufzuzeigen und diese gezielt anzugehen, sind dankbare und wertvolle Aufgaben.","PeriodicalId":36798,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Sports and Exercise Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70000392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 1968, Air Force Colonel Cooper wrote his first bestselling book, Aerobics, and sparked a fitness revolution. The general public got an idea of the multiple benefits of physical activity and exercise to improve or recover health and function. He developed his knowledge and training principles in the military, aiming to help soldiers stay fit and healthy. This led to the development of a fitness test most of us remember only too well: the 12-minute Cooper test. In 1970, retiring from the military, he founded the Cooper Aerobics Center in Dallas, which has hosted an Institute responsible for much of the research we have on the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and health outcomes, through the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Studies. These were pursued under the leadership of Pr Steven Blair [1] and became the largest ongoing observational study on fitness and health, with countless publications on more than 112’000 subjects.
{"title":"«We do not stop exercising because we grow old – we grow old because we stop exercising.» Dr Kenneth Cooper – Editorial 4/2019","authors":"","doi":"10.34045/ssem/2019/43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34045/ssem/2019/43","url":null,"abstract":"In 1968, Air Force Colonel Cooper wrote his first bestselling book, Aerobics, and sparked a fitness revolution. The general public got an idea of the multiple benefits of physical activity and exercise to improve or recover health and function. He developed his knowledge and training principles in the military, aiming to help soldiers stay fit and healthy. This led to the development of a fitness test most of us remember only too well: the 12-minute Cooper test. In 1970, retiring from the military, he founded the Cooper Aerobics Center in Dallas, which has hosted an Institute responsible for much of the research we have on the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and health outcomes, through the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Studies. These were pursued under the leadership of Pr Steven Blair [1] and became the largest ongoing observational study on fitness and health, with countless publications on more than 112’000 subjects.","PeriodicalId":36798,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Sports and Exercise Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70000494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In cardiopulmonary exercise testing with children and adolescents, age specific protocols are used together with tools adjustable to their body dimension and development. Assessing weight, height und pubertal stage is a prerequisite for the interpretation of every test. Indications for exercise testing are airway symptoms and findings limited performance, chronic diseases, planning of trainings and scientific studies. The more tests are standardized and used on a large scale, the more normal values are available to compare individual results. However, the interindividual variability of measured values is high, depending as much from the developmental stage of the individual as from protocols, tools and the performing laboratory. Tests are mainly incremental step or ramp tests, test duration should not exceed 10–12 min
{"title":"Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in children and adolescents","authors":"","doi":"10.34045/ssem/2019/5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34045/ssem/2019/5","url":null,"abstract":"In cardiopulmonary exercise testing with children and adolescents, age specific protocols are used together with tools adjustable to their body dimension and development. Assessing weight, height und pubertal stage is a prerequisite for the interpretation of every test. Indications for exercise testing are airway symptoms and findings limited performance, chronic diseases, planning of trainings and scientific studies. The more tests are standardized and used on a large scale, the more normal values are available to compare individual results. However, the interindividual variability of measured values is high, depending as much from the developmental stage of the individual as from protocols, tools and the performing laboratory. Tests are mainly incremental step or ramp tests, test duration should not exceed 10–12 min","PeriodicalId":36798,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Sports and Exercise Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70000564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The elbow is a frequently underestimated and commonly misunderstood joint, leading to a considerable amount of clinical problems. A large part of this due to the largely overlapping and often unspecific symptoms of various diseases and injuries. A better understanding of elbow symptoms and the clinical exam of the elbow is the key to unlocking elbow pathology. This paper reviews a comprehensive and concise exam of the elbow that can easily be employed in a primary care sports medicine setting.
{"title":"Elbow examination in the athlete","authors":"","doi":"10.34045/ssem/2019/20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34045/ssem/2019/20","url":null,"abstract":"The elbow is a frequently underestimated and commonly misunderstood joint, leading to a considerable amount of clinical problems. A large part of this due to the largely overlapping and often unspecific symptoms of various diseases and injuries. A better understanding of elbow symptoms and the clinical exam of the elbow is the key to unlocking elbow pathology. This paper reviews a comprehensive and concise exam of the elbow that can easily be employed in a primary care sports medicine setting.","PeriodicalId":36798,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Sports and Exercise Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69999401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moderate endurance training is known to improve cardiovascular risk factors, and prolongs life expectancy. On the other hand, there has been some discussion whether “too much” exercise might have a contrarious effect by accelerating coronary atherosclerosis. The goal of this review was to evaluate the current literature on the effects of long-term vigorous endurance training on the coronary vasculature. In summary, data point to an increased calcium score, and a higher burden of atherosclerotic plaque in male athletes compared to sedentary controls. However, the plaques found in athletes were more prone to be calcified. The pathogenesis and clinical relevance of this athlete coronary artery disease phenotype remains incompletely understood and represents an area of important future work.
{"title":"The effects of long-term vigorous endurance exercise on the coronary arteries","authors":"A. Baggish","doi":"10.34045/ssem/2019/10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34045/ssem/2019/10","url":null,"abstract":"Moderate endurance training is known to improve cardiovascular risk factors, and prolongs life expectancy. On the other hand, there has been some discussion whether “too much” exercise might have a contrarious effect by accelerating coronary atherosclerosis. The goal of this review was to evaluate the current literature on the effects of long-term vigorous endurance training on the coronary vasculature. In summary, data point to an increased calcium score, and a higher burden of atherosclerotic plaque in male athletes compared to sedentary controls. However, the plaques found in athletes were more prone to be calcified. The pathogenesis and clinical relevance of this athlete coronary artery disease phenotype remains incompletely understood and represents an area of important future work.","PeriodicalId":36798,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Sports and Exercise Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69999511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To determine differences between male and female subjects in the thigh muscles characteristics, separated into architectural (pennation, thickness, and/or fascicle length), mechanical (mass, strength, power, and/or stiffness), neuromuscular (activity) and fatigue aspects, in order to better understand the sex-related differences in the risk of muscle injuries. Methods: A systematic literature search on Pubmed was performed with different keywords: skeletal muscle AND sex characteristics AND muscle contraction, with the following limits: humans and adults (19–44 years old). Studies dealing with hamstring and quadriceps muscles, in physiological condition, and comparison between male and female healthy adult subjects were included. Studies dealing with other skeletal muscles, injuries or physiopathology situation were excluded. Thigh muscular architectural, mechanical, neuromuscular and fatigue characteristics have been analysed to determine differences between male and female subjects. Results: Seventeen studies were included, reporting significant sex-related differences for thigh muscles architecture and mechanical characteristics and muscle fatigue, and especially quadriceps, while for thigh muscles neuromuscular characteristics the results were not consensual, and few information was available regarding hamstring muscles. Conclusions: Sex-related differences in thigh muscles characteristics, and especially quadriceps, have been reported for mechanical characteristics and muscle fatigue, while for neuromuscular characteristics sex-related differences were found to be moderate. Although several macroscopic muscle characteristics have been reported to be different between male and female healthy adult subjects, it is difficult to conclude on its exact relationship with higher muscle injury rates reported in male athletes during international athletics championships.
{"title":"Sex differences in thigh muscles characteristics: a systematic review","authors":"","doi":"10.34045/ssem/2019/7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34045/ssem/2019/7","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine differences between male and female subjects in the thigh muscles characteristics, separated into architectural (pennation, thickness, and/or fascicle length), mechanical (mass, strength, power, and/or stiffness), neuromuscular (activity) and fatigue aspects, in order to better understand the sex-related differences in the risk of muscle injuries. Methods: A systematic literature search on Pubmed was performed with different keywords: skeletal muscle AND sex characteristics AND muscle contraction, with the following limits: humans and adults (19–44 years old). Studies dealing with hamstring and quadriceps muscles, in physiological condition, and comparison between male and female healthy adult subjects were included. Studies dealing with other skeletal muscles, injuries or physiopathology situation were excluded. Thigh muscular architectural, mechanical, neuromuscular and fatigue characteristics have been analysed to determine differences between male and female subjects. Results: Seventeen studies were included, reporting significant sex-related differences for thigh muscles architecture and mechanical characteristics and muscle fatigue, and especially quadriceps, while for thigh muscles neuromuscular characteristics the results were not consensual, and few information was available regarding hamstring muscles. Conclusions: Sex-related differences in thigh muscles characteristics, and especially quadriceps, have been reported for mechanical characteristics and muscle fatigue, while for neuromuscular characteristics sex-related differences were found to be moderate. Although several macroscopic muscle characteristics have been reported to be different between male and female healthy adult subjects, it is difficult to conclude on its exact relationship with higher muscle injury rates reported in male athletes during international athletics championships.","PeriodicalId":36798,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Sports and Exercise Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70000357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Endurance testing has a long tradition in the Swiss Orienteering Federation. It has become an important tool in monitoring effectiveness of training and in assessing endurance performance. The vast majority of athletes and coaches indicate that sport science is meaningful and endurance testing is of high informative value for them. Endurance testing is regularly done in the lab, but also field tests are carried out each year. They particularly empower and support athletes in their specific preparation for important competitions. Also in the future new competition formats can be prepared and training may be monitored by a new format of specific tests. In various endurance sports physiological demands may be similar. Therefore an improved exchange of knowledge, skills, and other insights between different sport federations about endurance testing is mostly desirable. In Switzerland this knowledge transfer should be further enhanced.
{"title":"The value of performance diagnostcs in orienteering","authors":"","doi":"10.34045/ssem/2019/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34045/ssem/2019/2","url":null,"abstract":"Endurance testing has a long tradition in the Swiss Orienteering Federation. It has become an important tool in monitoring effectiveness of training and in assessing endurance performance. The vast majority of athletes and coaches indicate that sport science is meaningful and endurance testing is of high informative value for them. Endurance testing is regularly done in the lab, but also field tests are carried out each year. They particularly empower and support athletes in their specific preparation for important competitions. Also in the future new competition formats can be prepared and training may be monitored by a new format of specific tests. In various endurance sports physiological demands may be similar. Therefore an improved exchange of knowledge, skills, and other insights between different sport federations about endurance testing is mostly desirable. In Switzerland this knowledge transfer should be further enhanced.","PeriodicalId":36798,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Sports and Exercise Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69999293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The shoulder is the second most commonly injured joint in Sports Traumatology. A thorough clinical examination is mandatory for a strategic therapy regime. A standardized and, importantly, gentle and pain sparing, physical examination not only builts the basis for above mentioned, yet also provides a base in the doctor-patient relationship. The following guideline is meant to aid in these regards. Nonetheless, clinical experience is of utmost importance in combination with a correct physical examination. Hence, if hesitation is present about the diagnosis or treatment, there should be no hesitation in consulting an expert.
{"title":"Shoulder examination in the athlete","authors":"","doi":"10.34045/ssem/2019/19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34045/ssem/2019/19","url":null,"abstract":"The shoulder is the second most commonly injured joint in Sports Traumatology. A thorough clinical examination is mandatory for a strategic therapy regime. A standardized and, importantly, gentle and pain sparing, physical examination not only builts the basis for above mentioned, yet also provides a base in the doctor-patient relationship. The following guideline is meant to aid in these regards. Nonetheless, clinical experience is of utmost importance in combination with a correct physical examination. Hence, if hesitation is present about the diagnosis or treatment, there should be no hesitation in consulting an expert.","PeriodicalId":36798,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Sports and Exercise Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69999751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This case report presents the evolution of physiological and psychological health parameters of a former sedentary and physically inactive nursing student during an 18 months period (three academic semesters), during which she first took part to a one-semester institutional physical activity (PA) program offered by her University, before being selected to participate in relay to the Race Across America (RAAM) with a team of the University. The four months before the RAAM, she followed a cycling specific training program. After the RAAM, she was followed-up the next eight months. Results show that each step of the study had an important impact on health parameters of the subject and that sedentary and physical inactive behaviors are not irreversible. Institutional PA program, including training education in addition to concurrent strength and endurance training could lead to physiological and psychological health improvements. Moreover, in some individuals organising a challenge might contribute to improve motivation and long-term adherence to PA participation, while in others this could have the opposite effect. An individualised approach should be considered in future interventions aiming to improve PA promotion. Finally, in the specific context of a University of Health Sciences, this kind of initiative could positively influence the general population’s health, by educating students as actors in PA promotion.
{"title":"From sedentary and physical inactive behaviors to the Race Across America (RAAM): a case report","authors":"K. Guex, C. Besson, F. Degache, G. Gremion","doi":"10.34045/ssem/2019/32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34045/ssem/2019/32","url":null,"abstract":"This case report presents the evolution of physiological and psychological health parameters of a former sedentary and physically inactive nursing student during an 18 months period (three academic semesters), during which she first took part to a one-semester institutional physical activity (PA) program offered by her University, before being selected to participate in relay to the Race Across America (RAAM) with a team of the University. The four months before the RAAM, she followed a cycling specific training program. After the RAAM, she was followed-up the next eight months. Results show that each step of the study had an important impact on health parameters of the subject and that sedentary and physical inactive behaviors are not irreversible. Institutional PA program, including training education in addition to concurrent strength and endurance training could lead to physiological and psychological health improvements. Moreover, in some individuals organising a challenge might contribute to improve motivation and long-term adherence to PA participation, while in others this could have the opposite effect. An individualised approach should be considered in future interventions aiming to improve PA promotion. Finally, in the specific context of a University of Health Sciences, this kind of initiative could positively influence the general population’s health, by educating students as actors in PA promotion.","PeriodicalId":36798,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Sports and Exercise Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69999814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
After having a stroke the main challenges are reducing the risk of recurrent stroke, improving impaired brain function, quality of life, independence in activities of daily living and reintegration into the community. [1] Lesion-induced impairment of brain function also has, besides its effects on e.g. motor, sensory, visual and speech function, an influence on e.g. cognition and mood, all of which are determinants of post-stroke physical activity. The evidence for a benefit of physical activity in secondary stroke prevention is increasing and treatment strategies aimed at factors which are limiting physical activity are more and more recognized.
{"title":"Physical activity in secondary stroke prevention","authors":"A. Scutelnic, M. Arnold, S. Jung, Heldner","doi":"10.34045/ssem/2019/33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34045/ssem/2019/33","url":null,"abstract":"After having a stroke the main challenges are reducing the risk of recurrent stroke, improving impaired brain function, quality of life, independence in activities of daily living and reintegration into the community. [1] Lesion-induced impairment of brain function also has, besides its effects on e.g. motor, sensory, visual and speech function, an influence on e.g. cognition and mood, all of which are determinants of post-stroke physical activity. The evidence for a benefit of physical activity in secondary stroke prevention is increasing and treatment strategies aimed at factors which are limiting physical activity are more and more recognized.","PeriodicalId":36798,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Sports and Exercise Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70000047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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