Background: Diffusion of information regarding ‘protecting athletes’ health’ and the ‘promotion of sport for health of the general population’ is a mission of National Sports Federations. Internet is a commonly used source of health-related information. The Olympic Games (OG) are an opportunity for a nation to promote the health benefits of sport. Objective: To analyse the availability and accessibility of health-related information on French National Olympic Sports Federation (FOFs) websites just after the bid in 2015 for the 2024 OG and six months after official assignment (2018) of the games to Paris. Methods: This descriptive study analysed the availability and accessibility of information regarding athletes’ health protection and the promotion of sport for health for all, on FOF websites, using a list of 12 different topics and two check lists (Google score (GS) and Website score (WS)) in September 2015 and March 2018. Results: The websites of 31 and 36 FOFs were analysed in 2015 and 2018, respectively. In 2015, 32.3% of FOFs reached a GS ≥ 75%: this was 50% in 2018. From 2015 to 2018, there was a significant increase in the availability of information on FOF website based on GS (mean increase of 41.2%; p=0.004) and a tendency to increase for availability and accessibility based on WS (mean increase of 21.4%; p=0.07). Conclusions: The FOFs are engaged in diffusing health-related information via their websites, although the availability and accessibility of this information varies according to FOFs and topics.
{"title":"Availability and accessibility of information regarding the protection of athletes’ health and promotion of sport for health to the general population on the websites of French Olympic Sports Federations","authors":"Merley Marie-Emilie, Gremeaux Vincent, Edouard Pascal","doi":"10.34045/ssem/2019/26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34045/ssem/2019/26","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diffusion of information regarding ‘protecting athletes’ health’ and the ‘promotion of sport for health of the general population’ is a mission of National Sports Federations. Internet is a commonly used source of health-related information. The Olympic Games (OG) are an opportunity for a nation to promote the health benefits of sport. Objective: To analyse the availability and accessibility of health-related information on French National Olympic Sports Federation (FOFs) websites just after the bid in 2015 for the 2024 OG and six months after official assignment (2018) of the games to Paris. Methods: This descriptive study analysed the availability and accessibility of information regarding athletes’ health protection and the promotion of sport for health for all, on FOF websites, using a list of 12 different topics and two check lists (Google score (GS) and Website score (WS)) in September 2015 and March 2018. Results: The websites of 31 and 36 FOFs were analysed in 2015 and 2018, respectively. In 2015, 32.3% of FOFs reached a GS ≥ 75%: this was 50% in 2018. From 2015 to 2018, there was a significant increase in the availability of information on FOF website based on GS (mean increase of 41.2%; p=0.004) and a tendency to increase for availability and accessibility based on WS (mean increase of 21.4%; p=0.07). Conclusions: The FOFs are engaged in diffusing health-related information via their websites, although the availability and accessibility of this information varies according to FOFs and topics.","PeriodicalId":36798,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Sports and Exercise Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70000209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The actual significance and definition of hypertensive response to exercise (HRE) is still debated. Up to now, there is consensus in defining it as a systolic blood pressure value of either ≥ 210 mmHg in men and ≥ 190 mmHg in women or a diastolic blood pressure ≥ 110 mmHg during maximal exercise stress test. The mechanisms underlying an exaggerated blood pressure response to exercise are poorly understood; however, there are studies suggesting that HRE may represent a preclinical stadium of essential hypertension, which shares several common pathological mechanisms mostly related to an endothelial dysfunction and vascular stiffness. In this article we review the present knowledge with particular respect to prognostic significance and diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in different populations. A separate section is dedicated to athletes with HRE.
{"title":"Exercise Hypertension – A Review","authors":"","doi":"10.34045/ssem/2019/14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34045/ssem/2019/14","url":null,"abstract":"The actual significance and definition of hypertensive response to exercise (HRE) is still debated. Up to now, there is consensus in defining it as a systolic blood pressure value of either ≥ 210 mmHg in men and ≥ 190 mmHg in women or a diastolic blood pressure ≥ 110 mmHg during maximal exercise stress test. The mechanisms underlying an exaggerated blood pressure response to exercise are poorly understood; however, there are studies suggesting that HRE may represent a preclinical stadium of essential hypertension, which shares several common pathological mechanisms mostly related to an endothelial dysfunction and vascular stiffness. In this article we review the present knowledge with particular respect to prognostic significance and diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in different populations. A separate section is dedicated to athletes with HRE.","PeriodicalId":36798,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Sports and Exercise Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69999677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The development of Mountain Ultra Marathon (MUM) raises several questions to health professionals, regarding the short or long-term consequences on the health of participants. Objective: to present the main acute and long-term effects of MUM on the main health issues usually studied among runners. Methods: Pragmatic review of the literature, including grey literature from the medical staff of the races, notably the Ultra-trail du Mont Blanc. Results: Concerning the acute effects, many studies show a severe transient inflammatory state, in particular related to eccentric loads encountered in downhill running, sometimes leading to an extracellular accumulation of water and to a muscular or even renal functional alteration, worsened when NSAIDs are used during the race. Structured and specific training seems to reduce this risk. Transient impairment of cardiac function and cardiac enzyme elevation are often discussed, but not related to symptoms in healthy subjects. In the long term, osteoarticular symptoms appear to be primarily related to a previous traumatic injury, such as ACL tear, rather than to the training load. Cardiac adaptations are similar to those of the “athlete’s heart” described in endurance athletes, which can lead to an increased risk of arrhythmias, usually benign, when training planning is too intensive. This point seems crucial to avoid over-training, and sometimes addiction to sport, whose prevalence seems worrying in this environment. Discussion: MUM is characterized by a long exercise duration but low intensity, which limits the duration of acute damage. The effects of the inflammation state that could become chronic in case of accumulation of races remain uncertain for health. New longitudinal studies are therefore needed, including behavioural and psychological dimensions.
背景:山地超级马拉松(MUM)的发展给卫生专业人员提出了几个问题，关于参与者健康的短期或长期后果。目的:介绍MUM对跑步者主要健康问题的主要急性和长期影响。方法:对文献进行实用复习，包括来自各赛马医务人员的灰色文献，特别是来自勃朗峰的Ultra-trail du Blanc。结果:关于急性效应，许多研究显示严重的短暂性炎症状态，特别是与下坡跑步时遇到的偏心负荷有关，有时会导致细胞外积水和肌肉甚至肾功能改变，当在比赛中使用非甾体抗炎药时，情况会恶化。有组织和具体的培训似乎可以降低这种风险。一过性心功能损伤和心酶升高常被讨论，但与健康受试者的症状无关。从长期来看，骨关节症状似乎主要与以前的创伤性损伤(如前交叉韧带撕裂)有关，而不是与训练负荷有关。心脏适应类似于耐力运动员所描述的“运动员的心脏”，当训练计划过于密集时，可能导致心律失常的风险增加，通常是良性的。这一点似乎对避免过度训练至关重要，有时是避免运动成瘾，在这种环境下，运动成瘾的流行似乎令人担忧。讨论:MUM的特点是运动时间长但强度低，这限制了急性损伤的持续时间。在种族积累的情况下，炎症状态可能变成慢性的影响对健康仍然是不确定的。因此需要进行新的纵向研究，包括行为和心理方面的研究。
{"title":"Ultra-trail: Ultra-Health?","authors":"Millet, Dégache, Saubade, Basset.","doi":"10.34045/ssem/2019/23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34045/ssem/2019/23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The development of Mountain Ultra Marathon (MUM) raises several questions to health professionals, regarding the short or long-term consequences on the health of participants. Objective: to present the main acute and long-term effects of MUM on the main health issues usually studied among runners. Methods: Pragmatic review of the literature, including grey literature from the medical staff of the races, notably the Ultra-trail du Mont Blanc. Results: Concerning the acute effects, many studies show a severe transient inflammatory state, in particular related to eccentric loads encountered in downhill running, sometimes leading to an extracellular accumulation of water and to a muscular or even renal functional alteration, worsened when NSAIDs are used during the race. Structured and specific training seems to reduce this risk. Transient impairment of cardiac function and cardiac enzyme elevation are often discussed, but not related to symptoms in healthy subjects. In the long term, osteoarticular symptoms appear to be primarily related to a previous traumatic injury, such as ACL tear, rather than to the training load. Cardiac adaptations are similar to those of the “athlete’s heart” described in endurance athletes, which can lead to an increased risk of arrhythmias, usually benign, when training planning is too intensive. This point seems crucial to avoid over-training, and sometimes addiction to sport, whose prevalence seems worrying in this environment. Discussion: MUM is characterized by a long exercise duration but low intensity, which limits the duration of acute damage. The effects of the inflammation state that could become chronic in case of accumulation of races remain uncertain for health. New longitudinal studies are therefore needed, including behavioural and psychological dimensions.","PeriodicalId":36798,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Sports and Exercise Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70000014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Research to date clearly shows that injuries to the cruciate ligaments are a frequent occurrence in alpine ski racing. The hamstrings play an important role in protecting the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Here eccentric muscle activity, in particular, is of great significance as it plays a more important role in terms of duration and intensity than concentric muscle activity in alpine ski racing. The aim of this study was to establish whether the hamstrings of alpine ski racers show eccentric strength deficits following surgery on the anterior cruciate ligament. Methods: A case-control study was performed with athletes who had undergone surgery on the anterior cruciate ligament 49 ± 41 months previously and healthy ski racers. The total eccentric strength of both legs measured in the hamstrings supporting the ACL (n=18) was compared with the healthy group (n=70); the strength of the operated leg was also compared with the healthy leg and with the mean for the healthy group. Eccentric strength was measured during the Nordic hamstrings exercise performed on the NordBord hamstring testing system. Group comparisons were performed using ANOVA and Bonferroni Post-hoc analyses. Multiple linear regressions were used to assess the relevant independent variables explaining total eccentric strength and Limb Symmetry Index. Results: The relative total eccentric strength of both legs in the hamstrings of the ACL group was significantly lower than in the healthy group (p=0.031). In addition, the relative eccentric strength of the operated leg was significantly lower compared to the healthy group (p=0.024). Leg asymmetry was also significantly greater in athletes who had undergone surgery on one leg (p=0.016) than in healthy subjects and athletes who had undergone surgery on both legs. 56% of the total eccentric strength of both legs could be explained by surgery, age and gender. 18% of the leg asymmetry was explained by the variables surgery, total eccentric strength of both legs and height. Conclusion: Several years after anterior cruciate ligament surgery, ski racers still have deficits in terms of the eccentric strength of their hamstrings compared with healthy ski racers. Therefore more attention should be paid during rehabilitation to the eccentric strength of the hamstrings with a view to strengthening and testing them. Measurement using the NordBord system is suitable for routine monitoring of eccentric strength. Further studies are needed to improve understanding of the influence of hamstrings strength on cruciate ligament injuries.
{"title":"Strength deficits of the hamstrings following surgery on the anterior cruciate ligament: a case-control study of elite alpine ski racers","authors":"Wyss, Hübner, Bruhin, Luomajoki","doi":"10.34045/ssem/2019/4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34045/ssem/2019/4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Research to date clearly shows that injuries to the cruciate ligaments are a frequent occurrence in alpine ski racing. The hamstrings play an important role in protecting the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Here eccentric muscle activity, in particular, is of great significance as it plays a more important role in terms of duration and intensity than concentric muscle activity in alpine ski racing. The aim of this study was to establish whether the hamstrings of alpine ski racers show eccentric strength deficits following surgery on the anterior cruciate ligament. Methods: A case-control study was performed with athletes who had undergone surgery on the anterior cruciate ligament 49 ± 41 months previously and healthy ski racers. The total eccentric strength of both legs measured in the hamstrings supporting the ACL (n=18) was compared with the healthy group (n=70); the strength of the operated leg was also compared with the healthy leg and with the mean for the healthy group. Eccentric strength was measured during the Nordic hamstrings exercise performed on the NordBord hamstring testing system. Group comparisons were performed using ANOVA and Bonferroni Post-hoc analyses. Multiple linear regressions were used to assess the relevant independent variables explaining total eccentric strength and Limb Symmetry Index. Results: The relative total eccentric strength of both legs in the hamstrings of the ACL group was significantly lower than in the healthy group (p=0.031). In addition, the relative eccentric strength of the operated leg was significantly lower compared to the healthy group (p=0.024). Leg asymmetry was also significantly greater in athletes who had undergone surgery on one leg (p=0.016) than in healthy subjects and athletes who had undergone surgery on both legs. 56% of the total eccentric strength of both legs could be explained by surgery, age and gender. 18% of the leg asymmetry was explained by the variables surgery, total eccentric strength of both legs and height. Conclusion: Several years after anterior cruciate ligament surgery, ski racers still have deficits in terms of the eccentric strength of their hamstrings compared with healthy ski racers. Therefore more attention should be paid during rehabilitation to the eccentric strength of the hamstrings with a view to strengthening and testing them. Measurement using the NordBord system is suitable for routine monitoring of eccentric strength. Further studies are needed to improve understanding of the influence of hamstrings strength on cruciate ligament injuries.","PeriodicalId":36798,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Sports and Exercise Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70000350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Otter-Kaufmann, R. Hilfiker, J. Ziltener, L. Allet
This observational study used field tests to investigate the association between physiological parameters and rowing performance in athletes during ergometer and on-water Swiss national competitions. 25 Participants between 15 and 35 years who compete at national level were recruited among different clubs. We assessed anthropometric parameters such as weight, height, aerobic capacity during an incremental test on a rowing ergometer, anaerobic capacity during an on rowing ergometer Wingate test and lower limb strength and power during countermovement- and squat jumps. We took as performance measurements the results from two on-ergometer and two on-water rowing races. 25 rowers (age 17.4 ± 2.4 years), 6 women and 19 men participated in this study. We found very high to moderate correlations between on-ergometer performance and aerobic capacity (r = 0.91), anaerobic capacity (r = 0.78) and lower limb strength and power (r = 0.83; r = 0.73) as well as moderate correlations between on-water performance and aerobic capacity (r = 0.63), anaerobic capacity (r = 0.60) and lower limb strength and power (r = 0.54; r = 0.64). This study present descriptive performance reference values of elite Swiss rowers. Field tests are indicators of specific performance but more extensive studies would confirm the associations, notably according to the competition type. Once confirmed, the different strength of correlations between physiological parameters and rowing performances might be helpful in the near future to better adapt rowers’ training preparation and athletes’ selection for an elite team.
{"title":"Which physiological parameters are associated with rowing performance?","authors":"L. Otter-Kaufmann, R. Hilfiker, J. Ziltener, L. Allet","doi":"10.34045/ssem/2019/24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34045/ssem/2019/24","url":null,"abstract":"This observational study used field tests to investigate the association between physiological parameters and rowing performance in athletes during ergometer and on-water Swiss national competitions. 25 Participants between 15 and 35 years who compete at national level were recruited among different clubs. We assessed anthropometric parameters such as weight, height, aerobic capacity during an incremental test on a rowing ergometer, anaerobic capacity during an on rowing ergometer Wingate test and lower limb strength and power during countermovement- and squat jumps. We took as performance measurements the results from two on-ergometer and two on-water rowing races. 25 rowers (age 17.4 ± 2.4 years), 6 women and 19 men participated in this study. We found very high to moderate correlations between on-ergometer performance and aerobic capacity (r = 0.91), anaerobic capacity (r = 0.78) and lower limb strength and power (r = 0.83; r = 0.73) as well as moderate correlations between on-water performance and aerobic capacity (r = 0.63), anaerobic capacity (r = 0.60) and lower limb strength and power (r = 0.54; r = 0.64). This study present descriptive performance reference values of elite Swiss rowers. Field tests are indicators of specific performance but more extensive studies would confirm the associations, notably according to the competition type. Once confirmed, the different strength of correlations between physiological parameters and rowing performances might be helpful in the near future to better adapt rowers’ training preparation and athletes’ selection for an elite team.","PeriodicalId":36798,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Sports and Exercise Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70000028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Back pain is common among elite cyclists. Experiences of athletes and observations of coaches show that it may influence training quality and sometimes even limit performance during competition. Therefore the following study questions were investigated: 1) How many athletes of the Swiss cycling national teams suffer back pain during training or competition? 2) How good is athletes’ core strength? 3) What correlation exists between back pain and core strength? 4) Does an intensified core strength training reduce back pain? A total of 111 elite cyclists, 45 athletes (38 m, 7f; 19.6 ± 3.5y) of technical disciplines (BMX, Trial, Downhill, 4X) and 66 athletes (39 m, 27f; 19.5 ± 5.8y) of endurance disciplines (road, MTB, Cyclo-cross) all members of Swiss cycling national teams, took part in in the study. They performed a core strength test, got an instruction session on core strength training, and filled out a standardized questionnaire on back pain at time of testing and after four months of training. 1) In Swiss elite cyclists back pain is frequent: In training every third suffers slight and every tenth rider moderate to heavy back pain. In competition roughly half of all riders are affected by back pain episodes, and 22.5% of all have moderate to heavy back pain impairing performance. 2) About one third of all elite cyclists has an insufficient core strength. 3) Having a good core strength of the dorsal muscle chain proved to be positively related to a lesser frequency of back pain. Whereas there was no such correlation between back pain and core strength of the ventral and lateral chain. 4) The 47.9% of athletes intensifying their core strength training during the four months period could significantly reduce their back pain in cycling, in competition, and in daily life.
{"title":"Back pain and core strength in elite cycling","authors":"E. Sports","doi":"10.34045/ssem/2019/6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34045/ssem/2019/6","url":null,"abstract":"Back pain is common among elite cyclists. Experiences of athletes and observations of coaches show that it may influence training quality and sometimes even limit performance during competition. Therefore the following study questions were investigated: 1) How many athletes of the Swiss cycling national teams suffer back pain during training or competition? 2) How good is athletes’ core strength? 3) What correlation exists between back pain and core strength? 4) Does an intensified core strength training reduce back pain? A total of 111 elite cyclists, 45 athletes (38 m, 7f; 19.6 ± 3.5y) of technical disciplines (BMX, Trial, Downhill, 4X) and 66 athletes (39 m, 27f; 19.5 ± 5.8y) of endurance disciplines (road, MTB, Cyclo-cross) all members of Swiss cycling national teams, took part in in the study. They performed a core strength test, got an instruction session on core strength training, and filled out a standardized questionnaire on back pain at time of testing and after four months of training. 1) In Swiss elite cyclists back pain is frequent: In training every third suffers slight and every tenth rider moderate to heavy back pain. In competition roughly half of all riders are affected by back pain episodes, and 22.5% of all have moderate to heavy back pain impairing performance. 2) About one third of all elite cyclists has an insufficient core strength. 3) Having a good core strength of the dorsal muscle chain proved to be positively related to a lesser frequency of back pain. Whereas there was no such correlation between back pain and core strength of the ventral and lateral chain. 4) The 47.9% of athletes intensifying their core strength training during the four months period could significantly reduce their back pain in cycling, in competition, and in daily life.","PeriodicalId":36798,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Sports and Exercise Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70000289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traditionally, cardiovascular screening has been recommended mostly for competitive athletes younger than 35 years. The perception that only young competitive athletes at top level are at increased risk, has changed in the last years. Theoretically, we advocate a voluntary cardiovascular screening for all athletes who exercise vigorously, independent of their competitive status, and age. Although, this should be based on an individual estimation of the athlete’s risk. Physical examination, medical history and an ECG should be the baseline investigations for all athletes. Ideally, an echocardiography should be performed once at the beginning of the athletic career to rule out congenital coronary and valvular abnormalities-although addition of an echocardiography has not yet been established routinely due to lacking evidence. We advocate to repeat the ECG every 1–2 years in athletes < 30–35 years. For older athletes, we recommend to assess their individual CV risk profile (particularly with inclusion of lipid profile) and their previous training history. Depending on the assessment, further investigations should be implemented such as an exercise stress test and/or Coronary CT scan.
{"title":"Recommendations for cardiovascular evaluation in athletes – a viewpoint","authors":"Niederseer Kissel CK","doi":"10.34045/ssem/2019/8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34045/ssem/2019/8","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally, cardiovascular screening has been recommended mostly for competitive athletes younger than 35 years. The perception that only young competitive athletes at top level are at increased risk, has changed in the last years. Theoretically, we advocate a voluntary cardiovascular screening for all athletes who exercise vigorously, independent of their competitive status, and age. Although, this should be based on an individual estimation of the athlete’s risk. Physical examination, medical history and an ECG should be the baseline investigations for all athletes. Ideally, an echocardiography should be performed once at the beginning of the athletic career to rule out congenital coronary and valvular abnormalities-although addition of an echocardiography has not yet been established routinely due to lacking evidence. We advocate to repeat the ECG every 1–2 years in athletes < 30–35 years. For older athletes, we recommend to assess their individual CV risk profile (particularly with inclusion of lipid profile) and their previous training history. Depending on the assessment, further investigations should be implemented such as an exercise stress test and/or Coronary CT scan.","PeriodicalId":36798,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Sports and Exercise Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70000536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is recommended in pre-participation evaluation of athletes to measure their cardiorespiratory fitness and maximal exercise tolerance. It is used for the diagnosis of probable cardiovascular and pulmonary disease and for the investigation of possible risks in sports. In case of non-specific symptoms during exercise, which are frequent in athletes, CPET is useful in the evaluation of physiological responses of body organ systems to exercise. This case-based review demonstrate the potential of CPET in the assessment of fatigue and loss of performance in a competitive professional athlete.
{"title":"Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Athletes; a case-based review","authors":"Mazaheri","doi":"10.34045/ssem/2019/13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34045/ssem/2019/13","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is recommended in pre-participation evaluation of athletes to measure their cardiorespiratory fitness and maximal exercise tolerance. It is used for the diagnosis of probable cardiovascular and pulmonary disease and for the investigation of possible risks in sports. In case of non-specific symptoms during exercise, which are frequent in athletes, CPET is useful in the evaluation of physiological responses of body organ systems to exercise. This case-based review demonstrate the potential of CPET in the assessment of fatigue and loss of performance in a competitive professional athlete.","PeriodicalId":36798,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Sports and Exercise Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69999641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Until now, there have been no studies in Switzerland that investigate differences in the motor performance disposition of children in urban and rural as well as in traditional and physical education kindergartens. A newly developed test instrument (MOBAK-KG) was therefore used in a supra-cantonal research project in school year 2017/18 to test the motor skills of 4- to 6-year-old children (n = 403, Ø 5,7 years, SD = .56) in the areas of “self-movement” and «object-movement». A total of 26 kindergartens from the city of Zurich and the rural canton of Uri took part in the study, 13 of which were traditional and 13 were physical education kindergartens («Purzelbaum» project). The surveys were conducted as part of a regular sports lesson (45 min.). In line with expectations, significantly better values were achieved in both areas of competence for older children, in favour of boys in «object-movement» and in favour of girls in «self-movement». In addition, significant differences in performance can be demonstrated depending on the region of residence and between traditional and physical education kindergartens.
{"title":"Fundamental motor skills in 4 to 6 year olds in Switzerland – a comparison between traditional and “physical activity” kindergarden","authors":"","doi":"10.34045/ssem/2019/15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34045/ssem/2019/15","url":null,"abstract":"Until now, there have been no studies in Switzerland that investigate differences in the motor performance disposition of children in urban and rural as well as in traditional and physical education kindergartens. A newly developed test instrument (MOBAK-KG) was therefore used in a supra-cantonal research project in school year 2017/18 to test the motor skills of 4- to 6-year-old children (n = 403, Ø 5,7 years, SD = .56) in the areas of “self-movement” and «object-movement». A total of 26 kindergartens from the city of Zurich and the rural canton of Uri took part in the study, 13 of which were traditional and 13 were physical education kindergartens («Purzelbaum» project). The surveys were conducted as part of a regular sports lesson (45 min.). In line with expectations, significantly better values were achieved in both areas of competence for older children, in favour of boys in «object-movement» and in favour of girls in «self-movement». In addition, significant differences in performance can be demonstrated depending on the region of residence and between traditional and physical education kindergartens.","PeriodicalId":36798,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Sports and Exercise Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69999690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is a continuous increase in dementia partly due to increasing life-expectance. Currently there are no causal therapies for dementia, neither for dementias with vascular etiology nor for neurodegenerative dementias such as Alzheimer’s disease. Main risk factors for the development of dementia are low physical activity, hypertonia and diabetes mellitus. Physical activity has shown to exert beneficial effects on cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors und is closely connected with cognitive disturbance and the development and the course of dementia. Therefore, the implementation of physical activity in preventive and therapeutic strategies of dementia is recommended.
{"title":"Körperliche Aktivität und sportliche Bewegung bei Demenz","authors":"Demenz, Ngamsri, UM Hemmeter","doi":"10.34045/ssem/2019/31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34045/ssem/2019/31","url":null,"abstract":"There is a continuous increase in dementia partly due to increasing life-expectance. Currently there are no causal therapies for dementia, neither for dementias with vascular etiology nor for neurodegenerative dementias such as Alzheimer’s disease. Main risk factors for the development of dementia are low physical activity, hypertonia and diabetes mellitus. Physical activity has shown to exert beneficial effects on cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors und is closely connected with cognitive disturbance and the development and the course of dementia. Therefore, the implementation of physical activity in preventive and therapeutic strategies of dementia is recommended.","PeriodicalId":36798,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Sports and Exercise Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70000220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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