Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare transversus abdominis muscle thickness and exercise performance before and after foam roller exercise (FRex).Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Twenty-four adult female subjects were randomly divided into two groups: (1) an intervention group that underwent FRex, and (2) a control group that remained in the supine position for the same period. Transversus abdominis muscle thickness, modified Star Excursion Balance Test (mSEBT) score, and degree of back pain experienced during daily work were measured before and after the intervention in each group using a visual analog scale (VAS), and a within-group comparison was conducted for each value. The amount of change before and after the intervention was calculated, and the correlation between each measurement item was examined.Results: Pre-intervention and post-intervention comparisons in the intervention group revealed significantly greater values for transversus abdominis lower fiber thickness and mSEBT scores, and significantly lower values for low back pain after the intervention. A moderate negative correlation was found between changes in lower back pain VAS scores and changes in transversus abdominis lower fiber thickness and mSEBT scores. Moreover, a moderate positive correlation was noted between changes in the transversus abdominis lower fiber thickness and mSEBT scores.Conclusions: These results suggest that FRex may be beneficial for preventing low back pain and improving balance.
{"title":"Changes in Transversus Abdominis Muscle Thickness, Low Back Pain, and Standing Balance after Foam Roller Exercise in Female Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"K. Nakagawa, Himeno Shimizu","doi":"10.26644/em.2023.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26644/em.2023.002","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare transversus abdominis muscle thickness and exercise performance before and after foam roller exercise (FRex).Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Twenty-four adult female subjects were randomly divided into two groups: (1) an intervention group that underwent FRex, and (2) a control group that remained in the supine position for the same period. Transversus abdominis muscle thickness, modified Star Excursion Balance Test (mSEBT) score, and degree of back pain experienced during daily work were measured before and after the intervention in each group using a visual analog scale (VAS), and a within-group comparison was conducted for each value. The amount of change before and after the intervention was calculated, and the correlation between each measurement item was examined.Results: Pre-intervention and post-intervention comparisons in the intervention group revealed significantly greater values for transversus abdominis lower fiber thickness and mSEBT scores, and significantly lower values for low back pain after the intervention. A moderate negative correlation was found between changes in lower back pain VAS scores and changes in transversus abdominis lower fiber thickness and mSEBT scores. Moreover, a moderate positive correlation was noted between changes in the transversus abdominis lower fiber thickness and mSEBT scores.Conclusions: These results suggest that FRex may be beneficial for preventing low back pain and improving balance.","PeriodicalId":36798,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Sports and Exercise Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79094363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Children and adolescents are in a complex biological balance where their bodies are constantly changing and exposed to various forces. Hormonal changes during growth, especially during puberty, influence the growth and development of bones and muscles. Increased joint laxity in children can lead to unstable joints more prone to injuries. Injuries in children and adolescents often involve growth plates, apophyses, ligaments, and the meniscus. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial to avoid potential complications and ensure the long-term health of young patients.
{"title":"Ausgesuchte Verletzungen bei Kindern und Adoleszenten: Klinische Aspekte und Therapieansätze für Sportärzte","authors":"","doi":"10.34045/sems/2023/27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34045/sems/2023/27","url":null,"abstract":"Children and adolescents are in a complex biological balance where their bodies are constantly changing and exposed to various forces. Hormonal changes during growth, especially during puberty, influence the growth and development of bones and muscles. Increased joint laxity in children can lead to unstable joints more prone to injuries. Injuries in children and adolescents often involve growth plates, apophyses, ligaments, and the meniscus. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial to avoid potential complications and ensure the long-term health of young patients.","PeriodicalId":36798,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Sports and Exercise Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135595229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The relative energy deficiency in sport (REDs) is a complex state of low energy availability in the athletes’ body. Signs and symptoms comprise not only a low bone mineral density and a menstrual dysfunction as initially thought but also a metabolic and hormonal imbalance together with cardiovascular and mental issues. This leads to an increased risk for injury and illness and decreases performance over a longterm. In this review the complexity of the issue together with some suggestions for underlying causes are summarized. Furthermore, some aspects on nutritional interventions in the case of low energy availability are suggested. Some proposition how to work in an interdisciplinary team together with the athlete and the social environment were pointed out. In the future, distinct protocols are needed for the correct diagnosis of this health-issue. Furthermore, prevention strategies are desperately required to prevent as many athletes as possible from low energy availability.
{"title":"Nutritional aspects of energy availability and relative energy deficiency in sport","authors":"","doi":"10.34045/sems/2023/25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34045/sems/2023/25","url":null,"abstract":"The relative energy deficiency in sport (REDs) is a complex state of low energy availability in the athletes’ body. Signs and symptoms comprise not only a low bone mineral density and a menstrual dysfunction as initially thought but also a metabolic and hormonal imbalance together with cardiovascular and mental issues. This leads to an increased risk for injury and illness and decreases performance over a longterm. In this review the complexity of the issue together with some suggestions for underlying causes are summarized. Furthermore, some aspects on nutritional interventions in the case of low energy availability are suggested. Some proposition how to work in an interdisciplinary team together with the athlete and the social environment were pointed out. In the future, distinct protocols are needed for the correct diagnosis of this health-issue. Furthermore, prevention strategies are desperately required to prevent as many athletes as possible from low energy availability.","PeriodicalId":36798,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Sports and Exercise Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135595227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dear Dr Noack, can you tell us how and why you got interested in becoming a sports and exercise medicine doctor? PN: Well like most sports medicine doctors, I think everybody has been involved or interested in sports personally. I did athletics myself as a middle distance runner with moderate talent. Later, my first professional interests moved towards becoming a teacher in physical education, but as I went to the military academy in Magglingen, I saw what it meant to do sports every day, and additionally as a hobby on top of the job. That felt like too much sports for me. I then got interested in medicine and it was always my wish to combine profession and hobby, being sports and medicine. So that’s why I landed as a sports medicine doctor.
{"title":"Interview with Patrik Noack","authors":"","doi":"10.34045/sems/2023/32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34045/sems/2023/32","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Dr Noack, can you tell us how and why you got interested in becoming a sports and exercise medicine doctor? PN: Well like most sports medicine doctors, I think everybody has been involved or interested in sports personally. I did athletics myself as a middle distance runner with moderate talent. Later, my first professional interests moved towards becoming a teacher in physical education, but as I went to the military academy in Magglingen, I saw what it meant to do sports every day, and additionally as a hobby on top of the job. That felt like too much sports for me. I then got interested in medicine and it was always my wish to combine profession and hobby, being sports and medicine. So that’s why I landed as a sports medicine doctor.","PeriodicalId":36798,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Sports and Exercise Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135594941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on anecdotal and preliminary evidence, the perception of youth resistance training (RT) was critical in the past. Accordingly, this opinion editorial aims to summarize information on youth RT by taking past and present research findings into account to deduce future research avenues. In the 1970s, two often reported misconceptions with youth RT were premature epiphyseal closure due to repetitive loading and ineffectiveness of RT in pre-pubertals because of a lack of circulating testosterone. Today, it is well-established that youth RT has manifold health (e.g., body composition, injury prevention) and fitness (muscle strength and power, endurance, speed) benefits. Physiological adaptations responsible for RT-induced strength gains comprise primarily neural factors in the pre-pubertal child and neural as well as morphological factors in adolescents. The number of scientific studies and thus the evidence on positive RT effects has grown exponentially over the past years. An important future task of pediatric strength and conditioning specialists will be the translation and dissemination of research findings into sports practice (schools, sport clubs). Schools could be a suitable setting for the widespread implementation of youth RT. Efforts should be undertaken to equip schools and public gyms with RT material and to include RT contents into school curricula.
{"title":"Youth Resistance Training: The Past, the Present, and the Future","authors":"","doi":"10.34045/sems/2023/23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34045/sems/2023/23","url":null,"abstract":"Based on anecdotal and preliminary evidence, the perception of youth resistance training (RT) was critical in the past. Accordingly, this opinion editorial aims to summarize information on youth RT by taking past and present research findings into account to deduce future research avenues. In the 1970s, two often reported misconceptions with youth RT were premature epiphyseal closure due to repetitive loading and ineffectiveness of RT in pre-pubertals because of a lack of circulating testosterone. Today, it is well-established that youth RT has manifold health (e.g., body composition, injury prevention) and fitness (muscle strength and power, endurance, speed) benefits. Physiological adaptations responsible for RT-induced strength gains comprise primarily neural factors in the pre-pubertal child and neural as well as morphological factors in adolescents. The number of scientific studies and thus the evidence on positive RT effects has grown exponentially over the past years. An important future task of pediatric strength and conditioning specialists will be the translation and dissemination of research findings into sports practice (schools, sport clubs). Schools could be a suitable setting for the widespread implementation of youth RT. Efforts should be undertaken to equip schools and public gyms with RT material and to include RT contents into school curricula.","PeriodicalId":36798,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Sports and Exercise Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135594949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Participation in physical activity has increased in intensity at a young age. Due to their growth with hormonal changes and influences, young people are prone to spinal problems. It is therefore of great importance that trainers, paediatricians and parents are familiar with the sport-specific movement sequences and take measures to prevent potential problems. By understanding the connections, preventive measures can be taken to reduce injuries and overloading of young people. This article provides an overview of common spinal problems in adolescence.
{"title":"Wirbelsäulenprobleme beim jungen Athleten","authors":"","doi":"10.34045/sems/2023/28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34045/sems/2023/28","url":null,"abstract":"Participation in physical activity has increased in intensity at a young age. Due to their growth with hormonal changes and influences, young people are prone to spinal problems. It is therefore of great importance that trainers, paediatricians and parents are familiar with the sport-specific movement sequences and take measures to prevent potential problems. By understanding the connections, preventive measures can be taken to reduce injuries and overloading of young people. This article provides an overview of common spinal problems in adolescence.","PeriodicalId":36798,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Sports and Exercise Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135594943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Apophyses are bone nuclei of adolescence that are connected to the actual bone via their cartilaginous apophyseal joint. They are of particular clinical relevance where larger tendons and ligaments attach. The apophyses, as well as their joints, are particularly active during growth and represent potentially injury-prone areas, especially in developing young athletes during critical phases of growth. Repetitive tension stress can lead to inflammatory irritations of the apophyses, i.e. apophysitis. Depending on age and sex, the apophysitia is typical in different locations. Areas such as the heel (Sever’s disease) or the knee (M. Osgood-Schlatter or M. Sinding-Larsen-Johansson) are particularly proned. Avulsion fractures occur when the pulling force on a tendon exceeds the strength of the apophysis, resulting in an avulsion of a bone fragment. By far the most common type of this injury occurs in the pelvic region, but in principle it can take place in any apophysis. Understanding the development of apophyses and recognising the diseases or injuries associated with them is essential for effective and sustainable treatment.
{"title":"Apophysen – die Achillesferse junger Sportler","authors":"","doi":"10.34045/sems/2023/26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34045/sems/2023/26","url":null,"abstract":"Apophyses are bone nuclei of adolescence that are connected to the actual bone via their cartilaginous apophyseal joint. They are of particular clinical relevance where larger tendons and ligaments attach. The apophyses, as well as their joints, are particularly active during growth and represent potentially injury-prone areas, especially in developing young athletes during critical phases of growth. Repetitive tension stress can lead to inflammatory irritations of the apophyses, i.e. apophysitis. Depending on age and sex, the apophysitia is typical in different locations. Areas such as the heel (Sever’s disease) or the knee (M. Osgood-Schlatter or M. Sinding-Larsen-Johansson) are particularly proned. Avulsion fractures occur when the pulling force on a tendon exceeds the strength of the apophysis, resulting in an avulsion of a bone fragment. By far the most common type of this injury occurs in the pelvic region, but in principle it can take place in any apophysis. Understanding the development of apophyses and recognising the diseases or injuries associated with them is essential for effective and sustainable treatment.","PeriodicalId":36798,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Sports and Exercise Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135595228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) belong to the most prescribed and used drugs in sports medicine. Not as prevalent as the well-known gastrointestinal side effects and bleeding complications is a nephrogenic complication. This case report is supposed to sharpen the differential diagnostic view on a patient with flank pain and acute renal dysfunction. It should also emphasize the etiology, course, pathophysiology and therapy of a rare but possible consequence of NSAID intake.
{"title":"Eine (un)gewöhnliche OSG-Distorsion","authors":"","doi":"10.34045/sems/2023/31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34045/sems/2023/31","url":null,"abstract":"Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) belong to the most prescribed and used drugs in sports medicine. Not as prevalent as the well-known gastrointestinal side effects and bleeding complications is a nephrogenic complication. This case report is supposed to sharpen the differential diagnostic view on a patient with flank pain and acute renal dysfunction. It should also emphasize the etiology, course, pathophysiology and therapy of a rare but possible consequence of NSAID intake.","PeriodicalId":36798,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Sports and Exercise Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135595238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The preparticipation screening (PPE) of children and adolescents is basically not different in structure from the SPU for adult athletes. However, there are some special features that will be briefly described in this article. First of all, we are dealing with growing athletes. In sports, it is essential to monitor growth and detect growth abnormalities early using the percentile curves. It is also important to identify pubertal delays, as these “late developers” may be at a disadvantage in sports. Together with the medical history, the percentile curves can also provide clues to a RED-S, if applicable. Paediatric normative values must be considered when interpreting ECGs and laboratory results. Adolescents in particular like to be influenced by trendy dietary recommendations. Appropriate advice should be given, including information on supplements and the dangers of doping. Another new goal is to integrate the topic of safeguarding into the SPU.
{"title":"Sportärztliche Untersuchung (SPU) bei Kindern und Jugendlichen: Was gilt es zu beachten?","authors":"","doi":"10.34045/sems/2023/22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34045/sems/2023/22","url":null,"abstract":"The preparticipation screening (PPE) of children and adolescents is basically not different in structure from the SPU for adult athletes. However, there are some special features that will be briefly described in this article. First of all, we are dealing with growing athletes. In sports, it is essential to monitor growth and detect growth abnormalities early using the percentile curves. It is also important to identify pubertal delays, as these “late developers” may be at a disadvantage in sports. Together with the medical history, the percentile curves can also provide clues to a RED-S, if applicable. Paediatric normative values must be considered when interpreting ECGs and laboratory results. Adolescents in particular like to be influenced by trendy dietary recommendations. Appropriate advice should be given, including information on supplements and the dangers of doping. Another new goal is to integrate the topic of safeguarding into the SPU.","PeriodicalId":36798,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Sports and Exercise Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135594944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Das Handgelenk ist im Sport eines der am häufigsten verletzten Körperteile, unabhängig von der Altersklasse. Die Verletzungsmuster des noch wachsenden Bewegungsapparates unterscheiden sich jedoch deutlich von den Verletzungen im Erwachsenenalter. Bei Kindern und Jugendlichen sind die Knochen elastischer, die knorpeligen Anteile der Gelenke höher und die Bandstrukturen sehr reissfest. Hinzu kommen Wachstumsfugen, die am Handgelenk ein besonders hohes Wachstumspotential aufweisen. Auf der einen Seite können fehlverheilte Frakturen so im Wachstum korrigiert werden, auf der anderen Seite kann eine Verletzung oder chronische Überbelastung der Fuge selbst zu einem Fehlwachstum oder einer radioulnaren Längendiskrepanz im Handgelenk führen. Bei der Beurteilung und Behandlung von Handgelenksverletzungen junger Athleten gilt es, diese Besonderheiten zu kennen und zu berücksichtigen.
{"title":"Ausgewählte Verletzungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen – obere Extremität: Handgelenksverletzungen junger Athleten","authors":"","doi":"10.34045/sems/2023/29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34045/sems/2023/29","url":null,"abstract":"Das Handgelenk ist im Sport eines der am häufigsten verletzten Körperteile, unabhängig von der Altersklasse. Die Verletzungsmuster des noch wachsenden Bewegungsapparates unterscheiden sich jedoch deutlich von den Verletzungen im Erwachsenenalter. Bei Kindern und Jugendlichen sind die Knochen elastischer, die knorpeligen Anteile der Gelenke höher und die Bandstrukturen sehr reissfest. Hinzu kommen Wachstumsfugen, die am Handgelenk ein besonders hohes Wachstumspotential aufweisen. Auf der einen Seite können fehlverheilte Frakturen so im Wachstum korrigiert werden, auf der anderen Seite kann eine Verletzung oder chronische Überbelastung der Fuge selbst zu einem Fehlwachstum oder einer radioulnaren Längendiskrepanz im Handgelenk führen. Bei der Beurteilung und Behandlung von Handgelenksverletzungen junger Athleten gilt es, diese Besonderheiten zu kennen und zu berücksichtigen.","PeriodicalId":36798,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Sports and Exercise Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135594947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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