Pub Date : 2018-04-21DOI: 10.37591/RRJOVST.V5I1.515
M. Mondal, K. K. Baruah, M. Ghosh, M. Karunakaran, T. K. Dutta
Abstract Kisspeptin, a neuropeptide encoded by the KiSS1 gene and its cognate, KiSS1R are the key regulators of reproduction in animals. Kisspeptin, also known as metastin, is a potent secretagogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). It stimulates the GnRH neurons in the brain and generates pulses for GnRH thereby its secretion and release, and this in turn stimulates the release of LH and FSH. Owing to its importance in reproductive biology, the kisspeptin-KiSS1R system is presently regarded as an essential gatekeeper of reproduction in animals. Besides central nervous system, role of Kisspeptin during the process of placentation and pregnancy has been established recently. Therefore, kisspeptin-KiSS1R system potentially plays diverse roles in animal reproduction. Here, we review the role and physiological significance of kisspeptin in the reproduction of ruminants. Keywords: Kisspeptin, KiSS1, metastin, KiSS1R, reproduction, ruminant, GnRH, LH Cite this Article M. Mondal, K.K. Baruah, M.K. Ghosh, M. Karunakaran, T.K. Dutta. Kisspeptin modulates reproduction in ruminants. Research & Reviews: Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology. 2016; 5(1): 7–12p
Kisspeptin是由KiSS1基因及其同源基因KiSS1R编码的神经肽，是动物生殖的关键调控因子。Kisspeptin，也被称为metastin，是一种有效的促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)的分泌剂。它刺激大脑中的GnRH神经元，产生GnRH的脉冲，从而使其分泌和释放，这反过来又刺激了LH和FSH的释放。由于其在生殖生物学中的重要性，kisspeptin-KiSS1R系统目前被认为是动物繁殖的重要看门人。除中枢神经系统外，Kisspeptin在胎盘和妊娠过程中的作用已被证实。因此，kisspeptin-KiSS1R系统可能在动物生殖中发挥多种作用。本文就kisspeptin在反刍动物繁殖中的作用及生理意义进行综述。关键词:Kisspeptin, KiSS1，转移蛋白，KiSS1R，繁殖，反刍动物，GnRH, LHKisspeptin调节反刍动物的繁殖。研究综述:Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology. 2016;5 (1): 7-12p
{"title":"Kisspeptin Modulates Reproduction in Ruminants","authors":"M. Mondal, K. K. Baruah, M. Ghosh, M. Karunakaran, T. K. Dutta","doi":"10.37591/RRJOVST.V5I1.515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37591/RRJOVST.V5I1.515","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Kisspeptin, a neuropeptide encoded by the KiSS1 gene and its cognate, KiSS1R are the key regulators of reproduction in animals. Kisspeptin, also known as metastin, is a potent secretagogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). It stimulates the GnRH neurons in the brain and generates pulses for GnRH thereby its secretion and release, and this in turn stimulates the release of LH and FSH. Owing to its importance in reproductive biology, the kisspeptin-KiSS1R system is presently regarded as an essential gatekeeper of reproduction in animals. Besides central nervous system, role of Kisspeptin during the process of placentation and pregnancy has been established recently. Therefore, kisspeptin-KiSS1R system potentially plays diverse roles in animal reproduction. Here, we review the role and physiological significance of kisspeptin in the reproduction of ruminants. Keywords: Kisspeptin, KiSS1, metastin, KiSS1R, reproduction, ruminant, GnRH, LH Cite this Article M. Mondal, K.K. Baruah, M.K. Ghosh, M. Karunakaran, T.K. Dutta. Kisspeptin modulates reproduction in ruminants. Research & Reviews: Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology. 2016; 5(1): 7–12p","PeriodicalId":36826,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology","volume":"87 4 1","pages":"7-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89372885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-21DOI: 10.37591/rrjovst.v4i3.574
B. Reddy, B. Shobhamani, B. Sreedevi, K. Kumari, Y. R. Reddy
Subclinical mastitis was diagnosed in 1599 quarter milk samples from 417 apparently healthy lactating cows in and around Tirupati. Diagnosis of subclinical mastitis was done by California Mastitis Test and Electrical Conductivity Test. The quarter-wise incidence of SCM as detected by CMT and EC was 27.83 and 19.95% respectively whereas the animal-wise incidence was 52.28 and 38.13% for CMT and EC respectively in the present study. Keywords: Cattle, mastitis, CMT, MWT, EC, SCC Cite this Article Soma Sekhar Reddy B, Shobhamani B, Sreedevi B et al. Diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in cross bred cattle. Research & Reviews: Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology . 2015; 4(3): 39–43p.
{"title":"Diagnosis of Subclinical Mastitis in Cross Bred Cattle","authors":"B. Reddy, B. Shobhamani, B. Sreedevi, K. Kumari, Y. R. Reddy","doi":"10.37591/rrjovst.v4i3.574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37591/rrjovst.v4i3.574","url":null,"abstract":"Subclinical mastitis was diagnosed in 1599 quarter milk samples from 417 apparently healthy lactating cows in and around Tirupati. Diagnosis of subclinical mastitis was done by California Mastitis Test and Electrical Conductivity Test. The quarter-wise incidence of SCM as detected by CMT and EC was 27.83 and 19.95% respectively whereas the animal-wise incidence was 52.28 and 38.13% for CMT and EC respectively in the present study. Keywords: Cattle, mastitis, CMT, MWT, EC, SCC Cite this Article Soma Sekhar Reddy B, Shobhamani B, Sreedevi B et al. Diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in cross bred cattle. Research & Reviews: Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology . 2015; 4(3): 39–43p.","PeriodicalId":36826,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology","volume":"15 1","pages":"39-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80367515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-31DOI: 10.4172/2157-7579.1000531
J. Cardozo, Gustavo Alberto Granados Zarta, C. Nájera, S. Martínez
Wastewater generated at the MVZ Academic Research Unit (NAIP), located at the University of La Paz in Barrancabermeja Santander. It was an environmental problem, due to the non-compliance with the values of the pollutant load. For the NAIP, wastewater treatment, there was a conventional system, which was a septic tank, the heat was not at its peak, the lack of maintenance was evident and so the poor state in which it was. Therefore, it is urgent and necessary to fix and complement the system. The methodology used in this project was based on the consultation of different sources of bibliographical information and field observation, in order to analyze everything related to the optimization process of the wastewater treatment system of the NAIP and generate positive solutions in Pro to minimize the environmental problem. This project contemplated as the first phase, the evaluation of the initial state of the system, where parameters were analyzed in laboratory in accordance with Resolution 631 of 2015; These results show that this system improves the increase of the percentage of removal required by the environmental regulations, so that the optimization alternatives were proposed and implemented in the different stages of this treatment system, which plants are found in this work of degree. After knowing the initial state of the treatment system, a pre-treatment was designed and implemented, which is a screening system, optimized and adapted to a septic tank to be used as a primary treatment, it now works as a sedimentation tank, And as a secondary treatment we proposed a biological alternative, which are two artificial subsurface flow wetlands in series with Heliconia psittacorum and Typha angustifolia, completing and complementing the conventional treatment system found. Once the system is finished, follow the following respectful for five months, recording the adaptation of the plants, checking the operation of the tank and performing the cleaning of the screening system. At the end of this adaptation period, the following evaluation of the efficiency of the system was carried out, checking its decontamination range, which was 96% to 99% for removal of BOD5, COD, SST, SSED and GA; Obtaining decreases of DB5 and COD from 6280 mg O2/L and 13007 mg O2/L up to 25 mg O2/L and 67 mg O2/L (respectively).
{"title":"Removal of Organic Matter Using Phytoextraction Technique with the Heliconia psittacorum and Typha angustifolia Species in Swine Production Systems","authors":"J. Cardozo, Gustavo Alberto Granados Zarta, C. Nájera, S. Martínez","doi":"10.4172/2157-7579.1000531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7579.1000531","url":null,"abstract":"Wastewater generated at the MVZ Academic Research Unit (NAIP), located at the University of La Paz in Barrancabermeja Santander. It was an environmental problem, due to the non-compliance with the values of the pollutant load. \u0000For the NAIP, wastewater treatment, there was a conventional system, which was a septic tank, the heat was not at its peak, the lack of maintenance was evident and so the poor state in which it was. Therefore, it is urgent and necessary to fix and complement the system. \u0000The methodology used in this project was based on the consultation of different sources of bibliographical information and field observation, in order to analyze everything related to the optimization process of the wastewater treatment system of the NAIP and generate positive solutions in Pro to minimize the environmental problem. \u0000This project contemplated as the first phase, the evaluation of the initial state of the system, where parameters were analyzed in laboratory in accordance with Resolution 631 of 2015; These results show that this system improves the increase of the percentage of removal required by the environmental regulations, so that the optimization alternatives were proposed and implemented in the different stages of this treatment system, which plants are found in this work of degree. \u0000After knowing the initial state of the treatment system, a pre-treatment was designed and implemented, which is a screening system, optimized and adapted to a septic tank to be used as a primary treatment, it now works as a sedimentation tank, And as a secondary treatment we proposed a biological alternative, which are two artificial subsurface flow wetlands in series with Heliconia psittacorum and Typha angustifolia, completing and complementing the conventional treatment system found. \u0000Once the system is finished, follow the following respectful for five months, recording the adaptation of the plants, checking the operation of the tank and performing the cleaning of the screening system. At the end of this adaptation period, the following evaluation of the efficiency of the system was carried out, checking its decontamination range, which was 96% to 99% for removal of BOD5, COD, SST, SSED and GA; Obtaining decreases of DB5 and COD from 6280 mg O2/L and 13007 mg O2/L up to 25 mg O2/L and 67 mg O2/L (respectively).","PeriodicalId":36826,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology","volume":"85 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89011346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-29DOI: 10.37591/RRJOVST.V7I1.106
A. Thangamani, M. Srinivas, B. C. Prasad, K. Anusha, K. Rao
Canine pseudopregnancy is a normal physiological syndrome that occurs in female dogs in their diestrual phase of estrous cycle. It simulates the peri and post-whelping signs that includes nesting, increase in weight and enlargement of mammary gland, lactation and mothering behavior on toys, shoes, puppies of other bitches. Decreased levels of progesterone, meanwhile raised levels of prolactin predispose the bitches to pseudopregnancy. It is a self-limiting clinical condition; however, anti-prolactin therapy indicated an overt pseudopregnancy. Predisposed bitches not used for breeding purpose. The permanent solution for prevention of this clinical condition is ovariohysterectomy (OHE). In this article reviewed regarding aetiopathophysiology, clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment of pseudopregnancy. Keyword: Canine, pseudopregnancy, syndrome Cite this Article Thangamani A, Srinivas M, Chandra Prasad B, et al. Canine Pseudopregnancy: A Review. Research & Reviews: Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology. 2018; 7(1): 7–11p.
犬假孕是发生在母犬发情期的一种正常生理综合征。它模拟了产崽前后的迹象，包括筑巢、体重增加和乳腺肿大、哺乳和母性行为对玩具、鞋子、其他母狗的小狗的影响。孕酮水平降低，同时催乳素水平升高使母狗容易假孕。这是一种自限性临床疾病;然而，抗催乳素治疗显示明显的假妊娠。不用于繁殖目的的易感母狗。预防这种临床状况的永久解决方案是卵巢子宫切除术(OHE)。现就假性妊娠的病因病理生理、临床表现、诊断及治疗作一综述。关键词:犬，假妊娠，综合征Thangamani A, Srinivas M, Chandra Prasad B等犬假孕:综述。研究综述:《兽医科技杂志》2018;7 (1): 7-11p。
{"title":"Canine Pseudopregnancy: A Review","authors":"A. Thangamani, M. Srinivas, B. C. Prasad, K. Anusha, K. Rao","doi":"10.37591/RRJOVST.V7I1.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37591/RRJOVST.V7I1.106","url":null,"abstract":"Canine pseudopregnancy is a normal physiological syndrome that occurs in female dogs in their diestrual phase of estrous cycle. It simulates the peri and post-whelping signs that includes nesting, increase in weight and enlargement of mammary gland, lactation and mothering behavior on toys, shoes, puppies of other bitches. Decreased levels of progesterone, meanwhile raised levels of prolactin predispose the bitches to pseudopregnancy. It is a self-limiting clinical condition; however, anti-prolactin therapy indicated an overt pseudopregnancy. Predisposed bitches not used for breeding purpose. The permanent solution for prevention of this clinical condition is ovariohysterectomy (OHE). In this article reviewed regarding aetiopathophysiology, clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment of pseudopregnancy. Keyword: Canine, pseudopregnancy, syndrome Cite this Article Thangamani A, Srinivas M, Chandra Prasad B, et al. Canine Pseudopregnancy: A Review. Research & Reviews: Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology. 2018; 7(1): 7–11p.","PeriodicalId":36826,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology","volume":"5 1","pages":"7-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89541876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-23DOI: 10.4172/2157-7579.1000527
A. Hiko, H. Ibrahim, G. Agga
Hydatidosis is a widespread parasitic disease posing a significant public health and economic burden in developing countries. Abattoir survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis (CE) in cattle, its organ distribution and to estimate financial loss due to organ condemnation. A total of 662 cattle originated from four different areas Ethiopia were examined during routine meat inspection. Bovine CE was observed in more than a half (51%) of all cattle studied. The prevalence of CE was significantly associated with the origin of the cattle and study month. Area specific prevalences were 44% (n=386) in Arsi, 30% (n=91) in Borana, 85% (n=80) in Jimma and 67% (n=105) in Mi’eso. The lowest prevalence (32%) was observed in February and the highest prevalence (75%) was observed in December. Of the animals positive for hydatid cyst (n=335), in 70% of them had cysts were found in the lungs followed by the liver (30%). Out of 386 multiple cysts observed 74% (285/386) of them were fertile and the remaining 26% (101/386) were calcified cysts. Bovine CE was estimated to cause a total financial loss of 3,353.77 US$ annually due to organ condemnation. The high prevalence of cystic echinococcosis observed warrants the need for appropriate control measures to reduce the public health and economic impacts of the disease.
{"title":"Abattoir Based Survey of Bovine Cystic Echinococcosis in Selected Commercial Abattoir in Ethiopia","authors":"A. Hiko, H. Ibrahim, G. Agga","doi":"10.4172/2157-7579.1000527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7579.1000527","url":null,"abstract":"Hydatidosis is a widespread parasitic disease posing a significant public health and economic burden in developing countries. Abattoir survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis (CE) in cattle, its organ distribution and to estimate financial loss due to organ condemnation. A total of 662 cattle originated from four different areas Ethiopia were examined during routine meat inspection. Bovine CE was observed in more than a half (51%) of all cattle studied. The prevalence of CE was significantly associated with the origin of the cattle and study month. Area specific prevalences were 44% (n=386) in Arsi, 30% (n=91) in Borana, 85% (n=80) in Jimma and 67% (n=105) in Mi’eso. The lowest prevalence (32%) was observed in February and the highest prevalence (75%) was observed in December. Of the animals positive for hydatid cyst (n=335), in 70% of them had cysts were found in the lungs followed by the liver (30%). Out of 386 multiple cysts observed 74% (285/386) of them were fertile and the remaining 26% (101/386) were calcified cysts. Bovine CE was estimated to cause a total financial loss of 3,353.77 US$ annually due to organ condemnation. The high prevalence of cystic echinococcosis observed warrants the need for appropriate control measures to reduce the public health and economic impacts of the disease.","PeriodicalId":36826,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75344561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-21DOI: 10.4172/2157-7579.1000526
S. Baqir, A. B. Orabah, N. Al-Zeheimi, Y. Al-Shakaili, K. Al-Rasbi, C. Gartley, G. Mastromonaco
Rationale: Big felids including the Panthera genus are under tremendous stressful conditions that threaten the very existence of wild populations around the world. Survivability is commonly linked to numerous factors such as poaching, habitat fragmentation, inbreeding depression and lack of prey. A crucial element that is used to mitigate endangerment risk is the enhancement of reproductive performance with the use of assisted reproductive technologies. Amongst them is computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA) that digitally evaluates the kinematics of individual spermatozoa. Regrettably, this powerful tool is overlooked in all big felids due to the lack of a universal setting. Objective: To conduct a comparative CASA with several species modules and to deploy it for the first time in the critically endangered Arabian leopard. Results: The progressive motility was variable amongst all settings, whereby the highest in the bovine standard (82.9%), lowest in the stallion setting (12%), subjective (85%) and average at 50.1%. The combination of all motility parametrics, indicate a progressive joining of two minor and two major clusters with a very high distance of 93% and a linkage space of approximately 42%. This in turn demonstrate notable divergence of two important kinematic settings. Conclusion: The current study illustrates the inconsistent and incompatible readings amongst various CASA species modules. This affirms the urgent need to establish CASA exclusively customized for the Panthera genus to maximize the reproductive potential.
{"title":"Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) in the Critically Endangered Captive Arabian Leopard ( Panthera pardus nimr ): A Multivariate Clustering Analysis","authors":"S. Baqir, A. B. Orabah, N. Al-Zeheimi, Y. Al-Shakaili, K. Al-Rasbi, C. Gartley, G. Mastromonaco","doi":"10.4172/2157-7579.1000526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7579.1000526","url":null,"abstract":"Rationale: Big felids including the Panthera genus are under tremendous stressful conditions that threaten the very existence of wild populations around the world. Survivability is commonly linked to numerous factors such as poaching, habitat fragmentation, inbreeding depression and lack of prey. A crucial element that is used to mitigate endangerment risk is the enhancement of reproductive performance with the use of assisted reproductive technologies. Amongst them is computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA) that digitally evaluates the kinematics of individual spermatozoa. Regrettably, this powerful tool is overlooked in all big felids due to the lack of a universal setting. \u0000Objective: To conduct a comparative CASA with several species modules and to deploy it for the first time in the critically endangered Arabian leopard. \u0000Results: The progressive motility was variable amongst all settings, whereby the highest in the bovine standard (82.9%), lowest in the stallion setting (12%), subjective (85%) and average at 50.1%. The combination of all motility parametrics, indicate a progressive joining of two minor and two major clusters with a very high distance of 93% and a linkage space of approximately 42%. This in turn demonstrate notable divergence of two important kinematic settings. \u0000Conclusion: The current study illustrates the inconsistent and incompatible readings amongst various CASA species modules. This affirms the urgent need to establish CASA exclusively customized for the Panthera genus to maximize the reproductive potential.","PeriodicalId":36826,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology","volume":"67 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85024844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-15DOI: 10.4172/2157-7579.1000522
B. Poutrel, S. Bareille, G. Lequeux, F. Leboeuf
The prevalence of bovine mastitis in France was established using 11 publications covering the period 1995- 2012. The papers involved epidemiological surveys or treatment trials. Bacteriological analyses were performed on 777, 923 and 2341 aseptically collected quarter milk from acute, clinical and subclinical mastitis respectively. Escherichia coli and Streptococcus uberis were the most prevalent pathogens in acute and clinical mastitis whereas Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative staphylococci were the most frequently isolated pathogens in subclinical mastitis. The prevalence of Corynebacterium bovis and Streptococcus agalactiae was low whatever the severity of mastitis. The epidemiological data could be useful in the choice of treatment and provide indicators for future research with a view to developing new efficient vaccines. The susceptibility of 240 isolates (80 Streptococcus uberis, 80 Staphylococcus aureus, 80 Escherichia coli) isolated in 2013 from aseptically collected quarter milk from clinical and subclinical mastitis to 12 antimicrobial agents was determined by measuring their minimal inhibitory concentrations. Overall resistance levels were very low except for S. aureus towards penicillin G (21.3%) and for Str. uberis towards tylosin and cloxacillin (respectively 13.8% and 32.5%).
{"title":"Prevalence of Mastitis Pathogens in France: Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococcus uberis and Escherichia coli","authors":"B. Poutrel, S. Bareille, G. Lequeux, F. Leboeuf","doi":"10.4172/2157-7579.1000522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7579.1000522","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of bovine mastitis in France was established using 11 publications covering the period 1995- 2012. The papers involved epidemiological surveys or treatment trials. Bacteriological analyses were performed on 777, 923 and 2341 aseptically collected quarter milk from acute, clinical and subclinical mastitis respectively. Escherichia coli and Streptococcus uberis were the most prevalent pathogens in acute and clinical mastitis whereas Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative staphylococci were the most frequently isolated pathogens in subclinical mastitis. The prevalence of Corynebacterium bovis and Streptococcus agalactiae was low whatever the severity of mastitis. The epidemiological data could be useful in the choice of treatment and provide indicators for future research with a view to developing new efficient vaccines. The susceptibility of 240 isolates (80 Streptococcus uberis, 80 Staphylococcus aureus, 80 Escherichia coli) isolated in 2013 from aseptically collected quarter milk from clinical and subclinical mastitis to 12 antimicrobial agents was determined by measuring their minimal inhibitory concentrations. Overall resistance levels were very low except for S. aureus towards penicillin G (21.3%) and for Str. uberis towards tylosin and cloxacillin (respectively 13.8% and 32.5%).","PeriodicalId":36826,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology","volume":"88 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77590223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-13DOI: 10.4172/2157-7579.1000521
C. Riquelme, Pamela Olivares, A. Ramírez, J. Parodi
Modulating the flow of extracellular calcium affects motility and reduces sperm mortality. It has been shown that bovine sperm survival exposure to freezing and thawing (cryopreservation), can be used for complex models of laboratory management and in vitro fertilization (IVF). This modulation can be part of more complex mechanism for the regulation of artificial insemination in bovine. High genetic bovine semen acquired in INSECABIO LTDA was used. Samples were thawed at 30°C during 30 s and suspended between TALP. Sperms were selected by swim-up. The measurement of calcium was performed using the Fluo-3 probe, and the VCL and VSL kinetic parameters were evaluated with the system CASA. Acrosome reaction (AR) was measured in bovine semen using a 2% stain of cromassie blue. Viability in a medium with calcium was reduced after 4 hours, whereas after 6 hours reduction was greater than 50%. The chelation of extracellular calcium with a solution of BAPTA 10 μM managed to inhibit motility, as well as calcium-influx modulation by cadmium. Nevertheless, mortality of the sample was decreased only by BAPTA calcium-modulation. On the other hand, pathways involved in AR depend, in part, on extracellular calcium; interestingly, calcium chelation did not block the AR. In addition, when calcium was restored in the media, control sperm-like motility, progressive motility remains similar to that observed in the control. This evidence suggests that diminishing motility by calcium manipulation generates a reduction in mortality in this model and to do it an in vitro manipulation of the sample.
{"title":"Regulation of Cellular Calcium, for Control of Motility and Reduction of Mortality of Bovine Sperm","authors":"C. Riquelme, Pamela Olivares, A. Ramírez, J. Parodi","doi":"10.4172/2157-7579.1000521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7579.1000521","url":null,"abstract":"Modulating the flow of extracellular calcium affects motility and reduces sperm mortality. It has been shown that bovine sperm survival exposure to freezing and thawing (cryopreservation), can be used for complex models of laboratory management and in vitro fertilization (IVF). This modulation can be part of more complex mechanism for the regulation of artificial insemination in bovine. High genetic bovine semen acquired in INSECABIO LTDA was used. Samples were thawed at 30°C during 30 s and suspended between TALP. Sperms were selected by swim-up. The measurement of calcium was performed using the Fluo-3 probe, and the VCL and VSL kinetic parameters were evaluated with the system CASA. Acrosome reaction (AR) was measured in bovine semen using a 2% stain of cromassie blue. Viability in a medium with calcium was reduced after 4 hours, whereas after 6 hours reduction was greater than 50%. The chelation of extracellular calcium with a solution of BAPTA 10 μM managed to inhibit motility, as well as calcium-influx modulation by cadmium. Nevertheless, mortality of the sample was decreased only by BAPTA calcium-modulation. On the other hand, pathways involved in AR depend, in part, on extracellular calcium; interestingly, calcium chelation did not block the AR. In addition, when calcium was restored in the media, control sperm-like motility, progressive motility remains similar to that observed in the control. This evidence suggests that diminishing motility by calcium manipulation generates a reduction in mortality in this model and to do it an in vitro manipulation of the sample.","PeriodicalId":36826,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81516181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-12DOI: 10.4172/2157-7579.1000523
S. Ebrahimi, Seyed Hadi Ebrahimi, A. Naserian, R. Valizadeh
This study assessed the impact of replacing Soybean Meal (SBM) with Rapeseed Meal (RSM) on the performance of lactating dairy cows with a focus on meals’ potential for utilizable Crude Protein (uCP) supply at the duodenum. Four samples of SBM and two types of RSM were used in an in vitro experiment and the uCP of the samples was estimated. In the second experiment, nine Holstein dairy cows were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design in which three experimental diets (differing in SBM to RSM ratio) were fed to the cows for the duration of 21 days. There was a significant difference in the effective uCP between treatments in all rate of passages (p<0.001) and the effective uCP of pelleted RSM was significantly higher than the other protein meal samples. In case of soybean meals (except the outflow rate of 1% per hour), maximum and minimum of effective uCP were observed in one of the pelleted and powder SBMs, respectively. Dry matter intake, milk yield and compositions were not affected by the mentioned treatments. However, blood urea nitrogen was significantly greater (p<0.01) in the cows fed only by SBM than other groups. Cows consumed RSM significantly excreted lower urinary nitrogen compare to animals fed with SBM (p<0.01). Overall, lowering CP level in the diet of lactating dairy cows by using similar euCP supply from RSM as an alternative for SBM, decreased nitrogen losses with no influence on the animal performance.
{"title":"A New Low Protein Feeding Strategy for Enhancing Nitrogen Utilization in Lactating Dairy Cows","authors":"S. Ebrahimi, Seyed Hadi Ebrahimi, A. Naserian, R. Valizadeh","doi":"10.4172/2157-7579.1000523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7579.1000523","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed the impact of replacing Soybean Meal (SBM) with Rapeseed Meal (RSM) on the performance of lactating dairy cows with a focus on meals’ potential for utilizable Crude Protein (uCP) supply at the duodenum. Four samples of SBM and two types of RSM were used in an in vitro experiment and the uCP of the samples was estimated. In the second experiment, nine Holstein dairy cows were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design in which three experimental diets (differing in SBM to RSM ratio) were fed to the cows for the duration of 21 days. There was a significant difference in the effective uCP between treatments in all rate of passages (p<0.001) and the effective uCP of pelleted RSM was significantly higher than the other protein meal samples. In case of soybean meals (except the outflow rate of 1% per hour), maximum and minimum of effective uCP were observed in one of the pelleted and powder SBMs, respectively. Dry matter intake, milk yield and compositions were not affected by the mentioned treatments. However, blood urea nitrogen was significantly greater (p<0.01) in the cows fed only by SBM than other groups. Cows consumed RSM significantly excreted lower urinary nitrogen compare to animals fed with SBM (p<0.01). Overall, lowering CP level in the diet of lactating dairy cows by using similar euCP supply from RSM as an alternative for SBM, decreased nitrogen losses with no influence on the animal performance.","PeriodicalId":36826,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74354819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-01DOI: 10.22067/VETERINARY.V2I10.71626
H. Beyzaei, A. Jamshidian, M. Hajinezhad, S. Hashemi, Nasim Amel, Maliheh Abdollahi, Fatemeh Arab-Sahebi, Behzad Ghasemi
The spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in many humans and animals has driven researches to identify and design novel antibacterial agents. In vitro inhibitory activity of (2E)-2-(4,5-dihydro-4-oxothiazol-2-yl)-2-(thiazolidin-2-ylidene) acetonitrile against many bacterial pathogens has been proven in both veterinary and human medicine. In this study, its in vivo toxic effects was studied in mice. The median lethal dose (LD50) value of 239.88 mg/kg was estimated using intraperitoneal injection in 8 groups of mice after 48 h treatment. Then, intraperitoneal injections of LD50 of oxothiazole solution into 4 other mice were done to evaluate histopathological changes in their liver and kidney tissues. The histopathological studies were identified as fatty change, hepatitis, necrosis and regeneration in liver, and fibrosis, necrosis, nephritis, hyaline cast and hyperaemia in kidney. In conclusion, the synthesized oxothiazole derivative causes renal and hepatic toxicity in mice at medium concentrations. The change of thiazole substituents and complexation may reduce its toxicity.
{"title":"Study of Toxic Effects of Oxothiazole Derivative as a New Antibacterial Agent","authors":"H. Beyzaei, A. Jamshidian, M. Hajinezhad, S. Hashemi, Nasim Amel, Maliheh Abdollahi, Fatemeh Arab-Sahebi, Behzad Ghasemi","doi":"10.22067/VETERINARY.V2I10.71626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22067/VETERINARY.V2I10.71626","url":null,"abstract":"The spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in many humans and animals has driven researches to identify and design novel antibacterial agents. In vitro inhibitory activity of (2E)-2-(4,5-dihydro-4-oxothiazol-2-yl)-2-(thiazolidin-2-ylidene) acetonitrile against many bacterial pathogens has been proven in both veterinary and human medicine. In this study, its in vivo toxic effects was studied in mice. The median lethal dose (LD50) value of 239.88 mg/kg was estimated using intraperitoneal injection in 8 groups of mice after 48 h treatment. Then, intraperitoneal injections of LD50 of oxothiazole solution into 4 other mice were done to evaluate histopathological changes in their liver and kidney tissues. The histopathological studies were identified as fatty change, hepatitis, necrosis and regeneration in liver, and fibrosis, necrosis, nephritis, hyaline cast and hyperaemia in kidney. In conclusion, the synthesized oxothiazole derivative causes renal and hepatic toxicity in mice at medium concentrations. The change of thiazole substituents and complexation may reduce its toxicity.","PeriodicalId":36826,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology","volume":"10 1","pages":"17-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43129178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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