Pub Date : 2024-08-01eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2024.2383505
Claes Cubel, Mads Fischer, Daniel Stampe, Magnus B Klaris, Tim R Bruun, Carsten Lundby, Nikolai B Nordsborg, Lars Nybo
Short-term heat acclimation (HA) appears adequate for maximizing sudomotor adaptations and enhancing thermal resilience in trained athletes. However, for enhanced erythropoiesis and transfer effects to exercise capacity in cooler environments, prolonged HA appears necessary. To establish the time-course for physiological adaptations and performance effects, 20 male elite cyclists were divided into an intervention group (HEAT; n = 10) completing 5 weeks of HA (six one-hour HA-training sessions per week) and control (n = 10) tested pre and post in hot (40°C) and cool conditions (20°C). HEAT completed tests at 40°C every week during HA with measures of sweat rate and [Na+] and a decay test 2 weeks after termination of HA. HEAT improved time for exhaustion by 15 min (p < 0.001) in the 40°C test, increased sweat rate by 0.44 L/hour (p < 0.001), and lowered sweat sodium concentration [Na+] by 14.1 mmol/L (p = 0.006) from pre- to post-HA, with performance returning to pre-HA levels in the 2-week decay test. Total hemoglobin mass (tHbmass) was increased by 30 grams (+3%, p = 0.048) after 3 weeks and 40 grams (+4%, p = 0.038) after 5 weeks in HEAT but returned to pre-HA levels at the 2-week decay test. HEAT improved incremental peak power output (+12 W, p = 0.001) without significant changes in maximal oxygen uptake (p = 0.094). In conclusion, improvements in heat exercise tolerance and sudomotor adaptations materialized during the first ~3 weeks and the entire 5 weeks of HA augmented both cool exercise capacity and tHbmass. However, the 2-week post-HA evaluation demonstrated a rapid decay of physiological adaptations and exercise capacity in the heat.
短期热适应（HA）似乎足以使受过训练的运动员最大限度地适应湿运动并增强热复原力。然而，为了在较凉爽的环境中增强红细胞生成和运动能力的转移效应，似乎有必要进行长时间的热适应。为了确定生理适应和成绩影响的时间过程，20 名男性精英自行车运动员被分为干预组（HEAT；n = 10）和对照组（n = 10），干预组将完成为期 5 周的 HA 训练（每周 6 次每次一小时的 HA 训练），对照组将在高温（40°C）和低温（20°C）条件下进行赛前和赛后测试。HEAT 在 HA 期间每周在 40°C 下完成测试，测量出汗率和[Na+]，并在 HA 结束后 2 周进行衰减测试。从HA前到HA后，HEAT将体力耗尽时间缩短了15分钟（p p +]），降低了14.1毫摩尔/升（p = 0.006），在2周的衰减测试中，其表现恢复到HA前的水平。HEAT 3 周后血红蛋白总质量（tHbmass）增加了 30 克（+3%，p = 0.048），5 周后增加了 40 克（+4%，p = 0.038），但在 2 周衰减测试中又恢复到了 HA 前的水平。HEAT 提高了增量峰值功率输出（+12 W，p = 0.001），但最大摄氧量（p = 0.094）没有发生显著变化。总之，热运动耐受性和肢体运动适应性的改善是在最初的约 3 周内实现的，而在整个 5 周的 HA 中，冷运动能力和 tHbmass 都得到了提高。然而，HA 后 2 周的评估表明，生理适应性和在高温下的运动能力迅速下降。
{"title":"Time-course for onset and decay of physiological adaptations in endurance trained athletes undertaking prolonged heat acclimation training.","authors":"Claes Cubel, Mads Fischer, Daniel Stampe, Magnus B Klaris, Tim R Bruun, Carsten Lundby, Nikolai B Nordsborg, Lars Nybo","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2024.2383505","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23328940.2024.2383505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Short-term heat acclimation (HA) appears adequate for maximizing sudomotor adaptations and enhancing thermal resilience in trained athletes. However, for enhanced erythropoiesis and transfer effects to exercise capacity in cooler environments, prolonged HA appears necessary. To establish the time-course for physiological adaptations and performance effects, 20 male elite cyclists were divided into an intervention group (HEAT; <i>n</i> = 10) completing 5 weeks of HA (six one-hour HA-training sessions per week) and control (<i>n</i> = 10) tested pre and post in hot (40°C) and cool conditions (20°C). HEAT completed tests at 40°C every week during HA with measures of sweat rate and [Na<sup>+</sup>] and a decay test 2 weeks after termination of HA. HEAT improved time for exhaustion by 15 min (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in the 40°C test, increased sweat rate by 0.44 L/hour (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and lowered sweat sodium concentration [Na<sup>+</sup>] by 14.1 mmol/L (<i>p</i> = 0.006) from pre- to post-HA, with performance returning to pre-HA levels in the 2-week decay test. Total hemoglobin mass (tHb<sub>mass</sub>) was increased by 30 grams (+3%, <i>p</i> = 0.048) after 3 weeks and 40 grams (+4%, <i>p</i> = 0.038) after 5 weeks in HEAT but returned to pre-HA levels at the 2-week decay test. HEAT improved incremental peak power output (+12 W, <i>p</i> = 0.001) without significant changes in maximal oxygen uptake (<i>p</i> = 0.094). In conclusion, improvements in heat exercise tolerance and sudomotor adaptations materialized during the first ~3 weeks and the entire 5 weeks of HA augmented both cool exercise capacity and tHb<sub>mass</sub>. However, the 2-week post-HA evaluation demonstrated a rapid decay of physiological adaptations and exercise capacity in the heat.</p>","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"11 4","pages":"350-362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11583594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Blood lactate concentration during exercise is a reliable indicator of energy metabolism and endurance performance. Lactate is also present in sweat, and sweating plays an important role in thermoregulation, especially in hot conditions. Recently, wearable sensors have enabled the real-time and noninvasive measurement of sweat lactate concentration, potentially serving as an alternative indicator of blood lactate response. However, the evidence regarding the relationship between sweat and blood lactate responses during incremental exercise in hot conditions is lacking. In a randomized cross-over design, six highly trained male runners completed two incremental treadmill tests under normal (20°C/50%RH) or hot (30°C/50%RH) conditions. The tests include 3-min running stages and 1-min recovery, starting at 12 km/h and increasing by 1 km/h at each stage. Blood and sweat lactate concentrations were measured at each stage to determine blood and sweat lactate thresholds (LT). Blood lactate concentrations were higher under hot conditions (p < 0.01), but there was no difference in the response pattern or velocity at blood LT between conditions. Significant early increase (p < 0.01) in sweat lactate and low velocity at sweat LT (p < 0.05) were observed under hot conditions. A significant correlation between blood and sweat lactate concentrations was found under normal conditions (p < 0.001) but not under hot conditions, and no significant correlations were observed between the velocity at blood and sweat LT. In conclusion, sweat lactate concentration does not consistently reflect blood lactate concentration during incremental exercise.
运动时血液中的乳酸浓度是能量代谢和耐力表现的可靠指标。乳酸盐也存在于汗液中，而出汗在体温调节中发挥着重要作用，尤其是在炎热条件下。最近，可穿戴传感器实现了对汗液乳酸盐浓度的实时、无创测量，有可能成为血液乳酸盐反应的替代指标。然而，有关在高温条件下进行增量运动时汗液和血液乳酸反应之间关系的证据还很缺乏。在随机交叉设计中，六名训练有素的男性跑步者在正常（20°C/50%RH）或炎热（30°C/50%RH）条件下完成了两项增量跑步机测试。测试包括 3 分钟的跑步阶段和 1 分钟的恢复阶段，起始速度为 12 公里/小时，每个阶段增加 1 公里/小时。在每个阶段测量血液和汗液乳酸浓度，以确定血液和汗液乳酸阈值（LT）。在高温条件下，血液乳酸浓度较高（p p p p
{"title":"Differential patterns of sweat and blood lactate concentration response during incremental exercise in varied ambient temperatures: A pilot study.","authors":"Naoya Takei, Takeru Inaba, Yuki Morita, Katsuyuki Kakinoki, Hideo Hatta, Yu Kitaoka","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2024.2375693","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23328940.2024.2375693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blood lactate concentration during exercise is a reliable indicator of energy metabolism and endurance performance. Lactate is also present in sweat, and sweating plays an important role in thermoregulation, especially in hot conditions. Recently, wearable sensors have enabled the real-time and noninvasive measurement of sweat lactate concentration, potentially serving as an alternative indicator of blood lactate response. However, the evidence regarding the relationship between sweat and blood lactate responses during incremental exercise in hot conditions is lacking. In a randomized cross-over design, six highly trained male runners completed two incremental treadmill tests under normal (20°C/50%RH) or hot (30°C/50%RH) conditions. The tests include 3-min running stages and 1-min recovery, starting at 12 km/h and increasing by 1 km/h at each stage. Blood and sweat lactate concentrations were measured at each stage to determine blood and sweat lactate thresholds (LT). Blood lactate concentrations were higher under hot conditions (<i>p</i> < 0.01), but there was no difference in the response pattern or velocity at blood LT between conditions. Significant early increase (<i>p</i> < 0.01) in sweat lactate and low velocity at sweat LT (<i>p</i> < 0.05) were observed under hot conditions. A significant correlation between blood and sweat lactate concentrations was found under normal conditions (<i>p</i> < 0.001) but not under hot conditions, and no significant correlations were observed between the velocity at blood and sweat LT. In conclusion, sweat lactate concentration does not consistently reflect blood lactate concentration during incremental exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"11 3","pages":"247-253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11346536/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142082067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2024.2374097
Mark P. Tyler, Bradley J. Wright, Charles L. Raison, Christopher A. Lowry, L. Evans, Matthew W. Hale
{"title":"Greater severity of depressive symptoms is associated with changes to perceived sweating, preferred ambient temperature and warmth-seeking behavior.","authors":"Mark P. Tyler, Bradley J. Wright, Charles L. Raison, Christopher A. Lowry, L. Evans, Matthew W. Hale","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2024.2374097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2024.2374097","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"47 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141654836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2024.2357873
{"title":"About the cover.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2024.2357873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2024.2357873","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"11 2","pages":"W1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11152091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141284981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2024.2361223
Glen P. Kenny, Emily J. Tetzlaff, W. Journeay, Sarah B. Henderson, Fergus K O'Connor
{"title":"Indoor overheating: A review of vulnerabilities, causes, and strategies to prevent adverse human health outcomes during extreme heat events","authors":"Glen P. Kenny, Emily J. Tetzlaff, W. Journeay, Sarah B. Henderson, Fergus K O'Connor","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2024.2361223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2024.2361223","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"1 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141268088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-05DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2024.2347161
Harry A. Brown, T. Topham, Brad Clark, Andrew P Woodward, Leonidas G. Ioannou, A. Flouris, Richard D. Telford, James W. Smallcombe, Ollie Jay, Julien D. Périard
{"title":"Thermal and cardiovascular heat adaptations in active adolescents following summer","authors":"Harry A. Brown, T. Topham, Brad Clark, Andrew P Woodward, Leonidas G. Ioannou, A. Flouris, Richard D. Telford, James W. Smallcombe, Ollie Jay, Julien D. Périard","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2024.2347161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2024.2347161","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"312 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141012275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-21DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2024.2339781
Clifton W. Callaway, Katharyn L Flickinger, Alexandra Weissman, Francis X. Guyette, Ryann DeMaio, Andrea Jonsson, Victor Wu, Jenna L. Monteleone, Peter Prescott, Jonathan Birabaharan, Daniel J. Buysse, P. Empey, Thomas D. Nolin, Raymond E. West
{"title":"Alpha-2-adrenergic agonists reduce resting energy expenditure in humans during external cooling","authors":"Clifton W. Callaway, Katharyn L Flickinger, Alexandra Weissman, Francis X. Guyette, Ryann DeMaio, Andrea Jonsson, Victor Wu, Jenna L. Monteleone, Peter Prescott, Jonathan Birabaharan, Daniel J. Buysse, P. Empey, Thomas D. Nolin, Raymond E. West","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2024.2339781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2024.2339781","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"118 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140678089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-19DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2024.2339794
H. Yamaguchi
{"title":"Hypothalamic control of torpor and hibernation","authors":"H. Yamaguchi","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2024.2339794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2024.2339794","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":" 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140685491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2023.2279032
Tina Lasisi
{"title":"A most peculiar parasol: Exploring thermoregulation through human hair curl.","authors":"Tina Lasisi","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2023.2279032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2023.2279032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10989693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140855427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2024.2329151
{"title":"About the cover.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2024.2329151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2024.2329151","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"11 1","pages":"iii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10989692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140868426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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