Aquaculture and Fisheries最新文献

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Assessment of different grass species extracts as source of micronutrients in prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii feeds 不同草种提取物作为对虾饲料中微量元素来源的评估

Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Aquaculture and Fisheries

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2023.01.010

The present research is an attempt to screen five perennial indigenous grass species for their biochemical constituents seasonally for one year in order to determine the exact season for the harvest of the target species which will be used as feed ingredient. Among them, Cynodon dactylon has shown better result compared to other grass species and was hence incorporated as micronutrient in the formulated feed. Macrobrachium rosenbergii culture was carried out by feeding conventional and formulated feed (prepared from grass species) in tanks and ponds filled with spring water for 180 days in 2020 in the Eastern Ghats region of Koraput district, Odisha, India. Two treatments namely T₁ and T₂ having four replications each were supplied with commercial feed and formulated feed. Feeds were applied as per the body weight of prawns at 20% for the 1st month, 15% for the 2nd month, 10% for the 3rd and the 4th month, 5% for the 5th month and 2% till the end of the experiment. The water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, transparency, nitrate, phosphate, silicate, Chl a in the culture tanks and ponds were monitored fortnightly. ANOVA results between all the water parameters for both culture tanks and ponds showed significant variation (P < 0.05). The survival rate (77.0% ± 0.89%), daily growth rate (0.233 ± 0.05) g/day, specific growth rate (4.657% ± 1.04%) per day and condition index (2.638 ± 0.05) were found to be highest in prawns fed formulated feed. The feed conversion ratio varied from (2.03 ± 0.05) to (2.68 ± 0.04). Benefit cost ratio of field culture were 1.46 with yield of 702 kg/ha in conventional feed and 1.75 with yield of 950 kg/ha in formulated feed respectively. The study proved grass extracts to be efficient micronutrients for prawn feed which can be easily adopted in prawn production.

本研究尝试对五种多年生本地草种的生化成分进行为期一年的季节性筛选，以确定用作饲料原料的目标草种的确切收获季节。其中，禾本科牧草（Cynodon dactylon）与其他草种相比显示出更好的结果，因此被作为微量营养素添加到配方饲料中。2020 年，在印度奥迪沙邦科拉普特县的东高止山地区，通过在装满泉水的水箱和池塘中投喂常规饲料和配方饲料（由草种配制），进行了为期 180 天的大鳞鲃养殖。两个处理，即 T1 和 T2，各有四个重复，分别提供商用饲料和配方饲料。根据对虾的体重，第 1 个月投喂 20%的饲料，第 2 个月投喂 15%的饲料，第 3 和第 4 个月投喂 10%的饲料，第 5 个月投喂 5%的饲料，直到实验结束投喂 2%的饲料。每两周监测一次养殖池和池塘的水温、pH 值、溶解氧、透明度、硝酸盐、磷酸盐、硅酸盐和 Chl a。养殖池和池塘中所有水体参数之间的方差分析结果显示差异显著（P < 0.05）。发现投喂配方饲料的对虾存活率（77.0% ± 0.89%）、日生长率（0.233 ± 0.05）克/天、日特定生长率（4.657% ± 1.04%）和体质指数（2.638 ± 0.05）最高。饲料转化率从（2.03 ± 0.05）到（2.68 ± 0.04）不等。大田养殖的效益成本比分别为 1.46（传统饲料产量为 702 千克/公顷）和 1.75（配方饲料产量为 950 千克/公顷）。该研究证明，草提取物是对虾饲料的高效微量营养素，可在对虾生产中轻松采用。

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引用次数: 0

Used vs. new: Does it have consequences for the performance of fishing gear? 新旧对比：这对渔具性能有影响吗？

Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Aquaculture and Fisheries

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2023.03.003

Sea trials to test size selectivity equipment in trawls are often limited in time because they are costly, and the results can be influenced by multiple factors that are often overlooked. In the Barents Sea gadoid trawl fishery, the use of a size sorting grid in front of the codend is compulsory. The flexigrid, a netting section containing two flexible grids, is the most widely used grid section in this fishery. However, earlier selectivity studies with this device have shown inconclusive results. It has been speculated that the differences observed resulted from the difference in age and usage of the grid sections in the studies compared. To reveal whether potential changes in the device construction over time can lead to differences in size selection properties, we performed comparative fishing trials where we compared a brand new flexigrid section and a well-used flexigrid section used continuously by a commercial trawler for approximately four years. The results showed that the new flexigrid released significantly more cod below ∼60 cm than the used flexigrid. However, when the grids were fished with a subsequent diamond mesh codend, there was no difference in the overall selectivity of the two gears, meaning that the size selectivity in the codend compensates for the potential reduction in selectivity performance of the grids. This study shows the importance of considering the age and earlier use of size selection devices like sorting grids before they are compared with other devices, as their size selection properties can change significantly over time and with use.

由于成本高昂，测试拖网尺寸选择性设备的海上试验往往时间有限，而且试验结果可能受到多种因素的影响，而这些因素往往被忽视。在巴伦支海的鳕鱼拖网渔业中，必须在鳕鱼网箱前使用尺寸分类网格。柔性格网是一种包含两个柔性格网的网具，是该渔业中使用最广泛的格网。不过，早先使用这种装置进行的选择性研究结果并不确定。据推测，观察到的差异是由于所比较的研究中网格部分的使用年限和使用方式不同造成的。为了揭示设备结构随时间推移发生的潜在变化是否会导致尺寸选择特性的差异，我们进行了对比捕捞试验，比较了一个全新的挠性格栅部分和一个商业拖网渔船持续使用了约四年的使用良好的挠性格栅部分。结果显示，新型柔性格栅释放的 60 厘米以下的鳕鱼明显多于使用过的柔性格栅。然而，当用随后的菱形网鳕鱼网兜捕捞栅格时，两种渔具的总体选择性没有差别，这意味着鳕鱼网兜的尺寸选择性弥补了栅格选择性性能的潜在下降。这项研究表明，在将分选格栅等尺寸选择装置与其他装置进行比较之前，考虑其使用年限和早期使用情况非常重要，因为它们的尺寸选择特性会随着时间和使用发生显著变化。

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引用次数: 0

Optimal effort, fish farming, and marine reserve in fisheries management 渔业管理中的最佳努力、鱼类养殖和海洋保护区

Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Aquaculture and Fisheries

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2023.03.001

In this paper, we develop a bioeconomic model to determine an optimal wild catch harvest and freshwater commercial aquaculture production in a lake that uses cages or floating rafts. Although off-bottom aquaculture activities have less impact on the environment compared to on-bottom aquaculture, it has negative externalities. It takes away the fishing area and hence creates pressure in the open-access fishing ground. It also changes the nutrient and ecological composition of the environment. We recommend the implementation of a reserved area to minimize the impact of fishing and aquaculture activities. The reserve also helps in improving the habitat and restocking the fish population which is declining rapidly. We determine the optimal sizes of the aquaculture and reserve and the optimal effort level that maximizes social welfare. We illustrate our findings using numerical simulations and perform an analysis of the optimal solutions with respect to biological and economic parameters involved in the model.

在本文中，我们建立了一个生物经济模型，以确定一个湖泊中使用网箱或浮筏的最佳野生捕捞量和淡水商业水产养殖产量。虽然与底层水产养殖相比，底层水产养殖活动对环境的影响较小，但它也有负面的外部效应。它占用了捕鱼区，从而给开放式渔场造成压力。它还会改变环境的营养和生态组成。我们建议设立一个保留区，以尽量减少捕鱼和水产养殖活动的影响。保护区还有助于改善栖息地，并使数量急剧下降的鱼类重新增殖。我们确定了水产养殖和保护区的最佳规模，以及使社会福利最大化的最佳努力水平。我们利用数值模拟来说明我们的研究结果，并对模型中涉及的生物和经济参数进行了最佳解决方案分析。

引用次数: 0

Synergistic effects of Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) with combination of clear water, probiotic and biofloc technology: A review 结合清水、益生菌和生物絮团技术的循环水养殖系统（RAS）的协同效应：综述

Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Aquaculture and Fisheries

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2023.07.006

Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) is introduced in aquaculture farming industry to reduce water resource utilization, efficient the energy and land uses, and also help minimalize the water exchange. This system enables utilization of unsuitable land and promotes a sustainable environment in aquaculture industry. Furthermore, this technology has been established and proved efficient in monitoring the aquatic animal condition subsequently helps in maintaining the water quality and help remove solid particle wastes from the aquaculture treatment. As today, RAS has been developed with more effective technologies such as the use of UV irradiation, solid capture, protein skimmer and also provided with highly techno bio-filtration set. Basically, this system was applied for broodstock maturation, nursery phase, and grow-out production. In this review article, we provide an overview of RAS between the clear water, probiotic, and biofloc technology, and the advantages of its combination. Even though RAS and biofloc is two different parallel system, the application of the probiotic and biofloc in the semi-RAS application system is intense to be investigated. The synergistic effect of RAS using this combination towards high yield aquaculture production will be highlighted in this review paper. Expectantly this review paper will generate awareness and useful information on the RAS application in the aquaculture system operation with help in maximize the impact to the aquaculture yield production.

在水产养殖业中引入循环水养殖系统（RAS）是为了减少水资源的使用，提高能源和土地使用效率，并有助于最大限度地减少水交换。该系统可以利用不适宜的土地，促进水产养殖业的可持续发展。此外，这项技术已经建立并被证明能有效监测水生动物的状况，从而有助于保持水质，并有助于去除水产养殖处理过程中产生的固体颗粒废物。如今，RAS 已发展出更有效的技术，如使用紫外线照射、固体捕获、蛋白质撇渣器，还提供了高技术生物过滤装置。基本上，该系统适用于鱼苗成熟、育苗阶段和生长期生产。在这篇综述文章中，我们概述了清水、益生菌和生物絮团技术之间的 RAS 及其组合优势。尽管 RAS 和生物絮团是两个不同的并行系统，但益生菌和生物絮团在半 RAS 应用系统中的应用仍有待深入研究。这篇综述论文将强调在 RAS 中使用这种组合对高产水产养殖生产的协同效应。希望这篇综述论文能提高人们对 RAS 在水产养殖系统运行中的应用的认识，并提供有用信息，帮助最大限度地提高水产养殖产量。

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引用次数: 0

Biofloc system supplemented by Pseudoalteromonas piscicida 1Ub protects the Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei from Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection 添加了假交替单胞菌（Pseudoalteromonas piscicida）1Ub的生物絮凝系统可保护太平洋南美白对虾免受副溶血性弧菌感染

Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Aquaculture and Fisheries

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2023.05.003

This study aimed to evaluate the supplementation of the probiotic Pseudoalteromonas piscicida 1Ub to the biofloc system as an ecofriendly strategy for protecting white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) from Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. Shrimp with an average body weight of (0.50 ± 0.09) g were reared in 30 glass jars with a working volume of 2.5 L at a density of 20 ind/L. Shrimp were reared for 5 d for each treatment, which included the biofloc system without and with 10⁶ colony forming unit (CFU) per mL probiotic. The regular clear water system was used as control. All treatment groups were challenged with 10³, 10⁵, and 10⁷ CFU/mL V. parahaemolyticus. For the negative control, shrimp were reared without V. parahaemolyticus. The results showed that the density of V. parahaemolyticus cocultured with P. piscicida 1Ub decreased and the density of V. parahaemolyticus in rearing water and shrimp body in the probiotic-treated group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The survival and immune response (total hemocyte count, phagocytic activity, respiratory burst, phenoloxidase, and superoxide dismutase) of shrimp in the probiotic group was higher than that in the positive control (P < 0.05). Moreover, supplementing the biofloc system with the probiotic could protect shrimp hepatopancreas from damage caused by V. parahaemolyticus, regardless of bacterial density. Thus, the supplementation of the probiotic P. piscicida 1Ub in the biofloc system could significantly protect and increase the resistance of shrimp to V. parahaemolyticus infection.

本研究旨在评估在生物絮凝系统中添加益生菌假交替单胞菌 1Ub 作为保护南美白对虾（Penaeus vannamei）免受副溶血性弧菌感染的生态友好型策略。将平均体重为（0.50 ± 0.09）克的对虾饲养在 30 个工作容积为 2.5 升的玻璃瓶中，密度为 20 ind/L。每种处理的对虾饲养 5 天，其中包括不添加和添加 106 菌落总数（CFU）/毫升益生菌的生物絮凝系统。普通清水系统作为对照。所有处理组都受到 103、105 和 107 CFU/mL 副溶血性弧菌的挑战。作为阴性对照，对虾的饲养中不添加副溶血性弧菌。结果表明，与 P. piscicida 1Ub 共培养的副溶血性弧菌密度下降，益生菌处理组饲养水体和对虾体内的副溶血性弧菌密度低于对照组（P <0.05）。益生菌组对虾的存活率和免疫反应（血细胞总数、吞噬活性、呼吸爆发、酚氧化酶和超氧化物歧化酶）均高于阳性对照组（P < 0.05）。此外，在生物絮团系统中添加益生菌可保护对虾肝胰脏免受副溶血性弧菌的损伤，而与细菌密度无关。因此，在生物絮凝系统中添加益生菌 P. piscicida 1Ub 可以显著保护对虾并提高其对副溶血性弧菌感染的抵抗力。

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引用次数: 0

C-myc modulates the replication of RGNNV via glutamine-mediated ATP production in grouper fin cells C-myc 通过谷氨酰胺介导石斑鱼鳍细胞中 ATP 的产生来调节 RGNNV 的复制

Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Aquaculture and Fisheries

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2023.05.005

C-myc is a proto-oncogene that plays an important role in a variety of diseases. There were a lot of research on the correlation between C-myc and human viruses. However, the study about C-myc related to aquatic species virus is very limited. In the present study, the qRT-PCR, cellular immunofluorescence and western blotting determination data reported that C-myc and glutaminase (GLS) genes were significantly upregulated when grouper fin cells (GF-1) were infected with red grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV). After knocking down the C-myc gene, the mRNA and protein levels of GLS, capsid protein (CP) and RNA polymerase (RdRp) of RGNNV were significantly reduced in RGNNV-infected GF-1 cells and the overexpression of the C-myc gene remarkably promoted these genes, which indicated that the replication of the virus and GLS gene were positively regulated by C-myc in RGNNV-infected GF-1 cells. In addition, supplementation of exogenous ATP can partially restore viral replication when RGNNV-infected GF-1 cells were cultured in glutamine-free medium, which confirmed that the glutamine was decomposed into ATP to provide energy for viral replication. Further studies confirmed that overexpression of C-myc can increase the content of ATP in normal cells. To sum up, these data suggested that activation of C-myc gene affected viral replication by regulating GLS expression to drive glutamine dissolution.

C-myc 是一种原癌基因，在多种疾病中发挥着重要作用。关于 C-myc 与人类病毒之间相关性的研究很多。然而，关于 C-myc 与水生物种病毒相关的研究却非常有限。本研究通过qRT-PCR、细胞免疫荧光和Western印迹测定数据发现，石斑鱼鳍细胞（GF-1）感染红石斑鱼神经坏死病毒（RGNNV）后，C-myc和谷氨酰胺酶（GLS）基因显著上调。敲除C-myc基因后，RGNNV感染的GF-1细胞中RGNNV的GLS、囊膜蛋白（CP）和RNA聚合酶（RdRp）的mRNA和蛋白水平明显降低，而C-myc基因的过表达对这些基因有明显的促进作用，这表明在RGNNV感染的GF-1细胞中病毒的复制和GLS基因受C-myc的正向调控。此外，在无谷氨酰胺培养基中培养 RGNNV 感染的 GF-1 细胞时，补充外源 ATP 可部分恢复病毒复制，这证实谷氨酰胺被分解为 ATP 为病毒复制提供能量。进一步的研究证实，过表达 C-myc 可增加正常细胞中的 ATP 含量。总之，这些数据表明，C-myc 基因的激活通过调节 GLS 的表达来驱动谷氨酰胺的分解，从而影响病毒的复制。

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