Pub Date : 2000-01-11DOI: 10.1109/BCAA.2000.838391
R. Spotnitz
The AC impedance behavior of a lithium-ion cell with nonporous intercalation electrodes is simulated using a model based on well-established theoretical principles. The effects of cell design (electrode thickness, ratio of cathode to anode capacity) and electrode properties (capacitance, kinetics, diffusion coefficient) on impedance spectra are explored.
{"title":"AC impedance simulation for lithium-ion cells","authors":"R. Spotnitz","doi":"10.1109/BCAA.2000.838391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCAA.2000.838391","url":null,"abstract":"The AC impedance behavior of a lithium-ion cell with nonporous intercalation electrodes is simulated using a model based on well-established theoretical principles. The effects of cell design (electrode thickness, ratio of cathode to anode capacity) and electrode properties (capacitance, kinetics, diffusion coefficient) on impedance spectra are explored.","PeriodicalId":368992,"journal":{"name":"Fifteenth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances (Cat. No.00TH8490)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129296325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-11DOI: 10.1109/BCAA.2000.838404
P. Singh, C. Fennie, D. Reisner, A. Salkind
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a useful means of studying physicochemical processes in electrochemical systems. However, the extraction of useful information from extracting cell equivalent circuit parameters. Cells from different production lots, and show the technique to be robust over a wide range of cell parameters.
{"title":"Fuzzy logic-enhanced electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (FLEEIS) to determine battery state-of-charge","authors":"P. Singh, C. Fennie, D. Reisner, A. Salkind","doi":"10.1109/BCAA.2000.838404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCAA.2000.838404","url":null,"abstract":"Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a useful means of studying physicochemical processes in electrochemical systems. However, the extraction of useful information from extracting cell equivalent circuit parameters. Cells from different production lots, and show the technique to be robust over a wide range of cell parameters.","PeriodicalId":368992,"journal":{"name":"Fifteenth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances (Cat. No.00TH8490)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123943074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The United States Navy has flown valve regulated lead-acid batteries (VRLA) for approximately 18 years. The first VRLA aircraft batteries were cylindrical cell design and evolved to a prismatic design to save weight, volume, and to increase rate capability. This paper discusses the next generation of the VRLA aircraft battery. The HORIZON composite grid VRLA design reduces weight, increases high rate performance, and is expected to increase service life. This paper discusses the weight reduction over the present 30 ah prismatic VRLA aircraft battery design; improvements in high rate engine start performance, and presents the status of the development effort. Finally, the paper discusses the applications for the 30 Ah composite grid VRLA aircraft battery, and shows the future application opportunities for light weight VRLA both in the military and commercially.
{"title":"Military qualification of a high-reliability, light-weight 24 V/30 Ah aircraft battery","authors":"B. Jay, A. Datta, A. Goodman, W. R. Johnson","doi":"10.1109/62.894175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/62.894175","url":null,"abstract":"The United States Navy has flown valve regulated lead-acid batteries (VRLA) for approximately 18 years. The first VRLA aircraft batteries were cylindrical cell design and evolved to a prismatic design to save weight, volume, and to increase rate capability. This paper discusses the next generation of the VRLA aircraft battery. The HORIZON composite grid VRLA design reduces weight, increases high rate performance, and is expected to increase service life. This paper discusses the weight reduction over the present 30 ah prismatic VRLA aircraft battery design; improvements in high rate engine start performance, and presents the status of the development effort. Finally, the paper discusses the applications for the 30 Ah composite grid VRLA aircraft battery, and shows the future application opportunities for light weight VRLA both in the military and commercially.","PeriodicalId":368992,"journal":{"name":"Fifteenth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances (Cat. No.00TH8490)","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123605018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-11DOI: 10.1109/BCAA.2000.838424
R. Bhardwaj, P. Brantner
BOLDER Technologies Corporation (BOLDER) has developed a lightweight emergency automobile starting unit of less than 5 pounds based on their patented Thin Metal Film (TMF) technology which is capable of starting many automotive engines. Currently marketed as SecureStart, the system is capable of starting cars, small trucks, motorcycles, motorboats, generators, snowmobiles and aircraft.
{"title":"Light weight engine start battery based on Thin Metal Film (TMF) technology","authors":"R. Bhardwaj, P. Brantner","doi":"10.1109/BCAA.2000.838424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCAA.2000.838424","url":null,"abstract":"BOLDER Technologies Corporation (BOLDER) has developed a lightweight emergency automobile starting unit of less than 5 pounds based on their patented Thin Metal Film (TMF) technology which is capable of starting many automotive engines. Currently marketed as SecureStart, the system is capable of starting cars, small trucks, motorcycles, motorboats, generators, snowmobiles and aircraft.","PeriodicalId":368992,"journal":{"name":"Fifteenth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances (Cat. No.00TH8490)","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121605118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-11DOI: 10.1109/BCAA.2000.838407
T. Gage
Successful commercialization of electric vehicles will require a confluence of technology, market, economic, and political factors that transform EVs into an attractive choice for consumers. The characteristics of the traction battery will play a critical role in this transformation. The relationship between battery characteristics such as power, capacity and efficiency, and EV customer satisfaction are discussed based on real world experience. The results of seven years of electric vehicle design, development, and use are summarized and related to battery function, performance, and cost. The tradeoffs between EV driver satisfaction and cost are evaluated. The roles of political and regulatory factors relating to battery choice are discussed.
{"title":"Lead-acid batteries: key to electric vehicle commercialization. Experience with design, manufacture, and use of EVs","authors":"T. Gage","doi":"10.1109/BCAA.2000.838407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCAA.2000.838407","url":null,"abstract":"Successful commercialization of electric vehicles will require a confluence of technology, market, economic, and political factors that transform EVs into an attractive choice for consumers. The characteristics of the traction battery will play a critical role in this transformation. The relationship between battery characteristics such as power, capacity and efficiency, and EV customer satisfaction are discussed based on real world experience. The results of seven years of electric vehicle design, development, and use are summarized and related to battery function, performance, and cost. The tradeoffs between EV driver satisfaction and cost are evaluated. The roles of political and regulatory factors relating to battery choice are discussed.","PeriodicalId":368992,"journal":{"name":"Fifteenth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances (Cat. No.00TH8490)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130612008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-11DOI: 10.1109/BCAA.2000.838401
R. Saint-Pierre
Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery charging systems typically use both constant-current and constant-voltage charge. By compensating the optimum charge voltage for the extra impedances in the battery charge path, the internal cell voltage can now be maintained closer to its rated value. This is beneficial because it allows delivery of optimal charge while reducing overall charge time to the theoretical full-charge capacity level.
{"title":"A dynamic voltage-compensation technique for reducing charge time in lithium-ion batteries","authors":"R. Saint-Pierre","doi":"10.1109/BCAA.2000.838401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCAA.2000.838401","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery charging systems typically use both constant-current and constant-voltage charge. By compensating the optimum charge voltage for the extra impedances in the battery charge path, the internal cell voltage can now be maintained closer to its rated value. This is beneficial because it allows delivery of optimal charge while reducing overall charge time to the theoretical full-charge capacity level.","PeriodicalId":368992,"journal":{"name":"Fifteenth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances (Cat. No.00TH8490)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131340964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-11DOI: 10.1109/BCAA.2000.838394
T. Hesterberg, G. Hart
Fiber glass (FG) is used for insulation, filtration, and reinforcements. Because FG can release respirable fibers during manufacture and handling, respiratory health in the FG workplace has been the focus of numerous studies. Ongoing epidemiology studies of fiber glass workers find no consistent evidence of a causal relationship between human health effects and fiber glass exposure. However, in 1987, IARC designated fiber glass a "possible carcinogen." A 1988-98 series of rodent fiber inhalation studies evaluated the respiratory effects of 15 different inorganic fibers (including 4 FGs). The studies showed a strong relationship between toxicity and biopersistence-fibers that cleared from the lung quickly were innocuous and those that showed little/no clearance induced permanent effects. Thus, fiber biopersistence tests in rats are now accepted in Europe and recognized in the US as valid indicators of potential chronic toxicity. Furthermore, regulatory agencies in Europe and the United States encourage the use of nonbiopersistent FG formulations where possible.
{"title":"Health and safety aspects of fiber glass","authors":"T. Hesterberg, G. Hart","doi":"10.1109/BCAA.2000.838394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCAA.2000.838394","url":null,"abstract":"Fiber glass (FG) is used for insulation, filtration, and reinforcements. Because FG can release respirable fibers during manufacture and handling, respiratory health in the FG workplace has been the focus of numerous studies. Ongoing epidemiology studies of fiber glass workers find no consistent evidence of a causal relationship between human health effects and fiber glass exposure. However, in 1987, IARC designated fiber glass a \"possible carcinogen.\" A 1988-98 series of rodent fiber inhalation studies evaluated the respiratory effects of 15 different inorganic fibers (including 4 FGs). The studies showed a strong relationship between toxicity and biopersistence-fibers that cleared from the lung quickly were innocuous and those that showed little/no clearance induced permanent effects. Thus, fiber biopersistence tests in rats are now accepted in Europe and recognized in the US as valid indicators of potential chronic toxicity. Furthermore, regulatory agencies in Europe and the United States encourage the use of nonbiopersistent FG formulations where possible.","PeriodicalId":368992,"journal":{"name":"Fifteenth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances (Cat. No.00TH8490)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115537758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-11DOI: 10.1109/BCAA.2000.838398
H. Singh, T. Palanisamy, P. Rudai, S. Hoenig, D. Mains, W. R. Johnson
AlliedSignal has developed innovative battery analysis and charging technologies for lead acid, nickel cadmium, and silver-zinc battery families, under the Navy's new technology development initiative. Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) equipment has been used to develop and implement technologies to meet the growing analysis and maintenance needs of secondary batteries. One highlight of the capabilities developed under this program, is a technique for electrochemically measuring the state of charge (SOC) of silver-zinc (Ag-Zn) batteries. This paper presents the developed technique and outlines a three-stage test procedure for determining SOC. The technique takes a minimal amount of time and provides results of high accuracy. This development meets a longstanding need for the immediate verification of Ag-Zn battery readiness.
{"title":"Advanced state of charge measurement technique for silver-zinc batteries","authors":"H. Singh, T. Palanisamy, P. Rudai, S. Hoenig, D. Mains, W. R. Johnson","doi":"10.1109/BCAA.2000.838398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCAA.2000.838398","url":null,"abstract":"AlliedSignal has developed innovative battery analysis and charging technologies for lead acid, nickel cadmium, and silver-zinc battery families, under the Navy's new technology development initiative. Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) equipment has been used to develop and implement technologies to meet the growing analysis and maintenance needs of secondary batteries. One highlight of the capabilities developed under this program, is a technique for electrochemically measuring the state of charge (SOC) of silver-zinc (Ag-Zn) batteries. This paper presents the developed technique and outlines a three-stage test procedure for determining SOC. The technique takes a minimal amount of time and provides results of high accuracy. This development meets a longstanding need for the immediate verification of Ag-Zn battery readiness.","PeriodicalId":368992,"journal":{"name":"Fifteenth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances (Cat. No.00TH8490)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116215552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-11DOI: 10.1109/BCAA.2000.838395
R. Bender
Glass fiber has been developed from decorative art in ancient times to modern use as battery separator raw material. The bulk glass and its conversion into nonwovens for use in the battery industry are discussed both physically and chemically. A noteworthy development in microglass fiber dimension is discussed here for the purpose of familiarizing potential users with new ranges of performance.
{"title":"Glass fiber, an excellent raw material for battery separators","authors":"R. Bender","doi":"10.1109/BCAA.2000.838395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCAA.2000.838395","url":null,"abstract":"Glass fiber has been developed from decorative art in ancient times to modern use as battery separator raw material. The bulk glass and its conversion into nonwovens for use in the battery industry are discussed both physically and chemically. A noteworthy development in microglass fiber dimension is discussed here for the purpose of familiarizing potential users with new ranges of performance.","PeriodicalId":368992,"journal":{"name":"Fifteenth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances (Cat. No.00TH8490)","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132719260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The EV Plus demonstration program provides an opportunity to evaluate battery life while gaining expertise in managing Ni-MH battery technology under real-world conditions. Since individual customers use the vehicles, Honda developed a battery service and evaluation system that is convenient to customers, yet not burdensome to dealer service. This paper discusses the method of detection of low battery capacity, the technique used to convey this information to users, the bench evaluation system of returned batteries, and explains how the analysis is utilized to enhance the EV Plus' battery control strategy.
EV Plus示范项目提供了一个评估电池寿命的机会，同时获得了在现实条件下管理镍氢电池技术的专业知识。由于是个人用户使用，本田开发了方便用户，但不会给经销商带来负担的电池服务和评估系统。本文讨论了电池低容量的检测方法、向用户传递信息的技术、电池回收台架评估系统，并说明了如何利用分析来增强EV Plus的电池控制策略。
{"title":"Field evaluation of Honda's EV Plus battery packs","authors":"A. Paryani","doi":"10.1109/62.888322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/62.888322","url":null,"abstract":"The EV Plus demonstration program provides an opportunity to evaluate battery life while gaining expertise in managing Ni-MH battery technology under real-world conditions. Since individual customers use the vehicles, Honda developed a battery service and evaluation system that is convenient to customers, yet not burdensome to dealer service. This paper discusses the method of detection of low battery capacity, the technique used to convey this information to users, the bench evaluation system of returned batteries, and explains how the analysis is utilized to enhance the EV Plus' battery control strategy.","PeriodicalId":368992,"journal":{"name":"Fifteenth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances (Cat. No.00TH8490)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125634208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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