Pub Date : 2000-01-11DOI: 10.1109/BCAA.2000.838360
S. Narayanan, T. Valdez, A. Kindler, C. Witham, S. Surampudi, H. Frank
The status of direct methanol fuel cell technology with respect to power density, efficiency and integrated system operation have been summarized. The key challenge in improving power density is combining with operation at low air flow rates in order to maintain a water balance, and achieve attractive system mass and size. Improved catalysts and membranes with low methanol permeability are key to achieving these improvements. Challenges relating to miniature DMFC for battery replacement are discussed. Possibilities of reduction in catalyst and membrane cost suggest that premium power applications (100 W-5 kW) could be an early point of entry for DMFC into commercial markets.
{"title":"Direct methanol fuel cells-status, challenges and prospects","authors":"S. Narayanan, T. Valdez, A. Kindler, C. Witham, S. Surampudi, H. Frank","doi":"10.1109/BCAA.2000.838360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCAA.2000.838360","url":null,"abstract":"The status of direct methanol fuel cell technology with respect to power density, efficiency and integrated system operation have been summarized. The key challenge in improving power density is combining with operation at low air flow rates in order to maintain a water balance, and achieve attractive system mass and size. Improved catalysts and membranes with low methanol permeability are key to achieving these improvements. Challenges relating to miniature DMFC for battery replacement are discussed. Possibilities of reduction in catalyst and membrane cost suggest that premium power applications (100 W-5 kW) could be an early point of entry for DMFC into commercial markets.","PeriodicalId":368992,"journal":{"name":"Fifteenth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances (Cat. No.00TH8490)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132798661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-11DOI: 10.1109/BCAA.2000.838418
W. McCracken, B. Parmley, C. Kelly, M. Crites, S. Wilson
During the past year, Eagle-Picher Technologies, LLC (EPT) has extensively studied and improved the lithium-ion chemistry to optimize it for use in aerospace applications. Notable progress has been made in the past several months under a US Government contract awarded in the fall of 1998. Studies have been ongoing on cell components, processing and cell performance. This paper focuses on recent findings of the EPT research and development team.
{"title":"Lithium-ion system advances","authors":"W. McCracken, B. Parmley, C. Kelly, M. Crites, S. Wilson","doi":"10.1109/BCAA.2000.838418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCAA.2000.838418","url":null,"abstract":"During the past year, Eagle-Picher Technologies, LLC (EPT) has extensively studied and improved the lithium-ion chemistry to optimize it for use in aerospace applications. Notable progress has been made in the past several months under a US Government contract awarded in the fall of 1998. Studies have been ongoing on cell components, processing and cell performance. This paper focuses on recent findings of the EPT research and development team.","PeriodicalId":368992,"journal":{"name":"Fifteenth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances (Cat. No.00TH8490)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116624367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-11DOI: 10.1109/BCAA.2000.838402
B. Popov, A. Durairajan, Y. Podrazhansky, R.C. Cope
Sony 18650S Li-ion cells have been cycled using direct current and ENREV pulse charging (CC-CV) protocols. The influence of the charging protocol on the capacity fade of these batteries has been analyzed using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge and impedance spectroscopy. Batteries with different cycle numbers charged using ENREV pulse charging protocol showed superior charge transfer performance and rate capabilities and more than 90% retention of the initial capacity after 800 cycles compared with 64% retention of capacity observed for batteries charged using DC charge protocol.
{"title":"Capacity fade of Li-ion cells: comparison of DC and ENREV charging protocols","authors":"B. Popov, A. Durairajan, Y. Podrazhansky, R.C. Cope","doi":"10.1109/BCAA.2000.838402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCAA.2000.838402","url":null,"abstract":"Sony 18650S Li-ion cells have been cycled using direct current and ENREV pulse charging (CC-CV) protocols. The influence of the charging protocol on the capacity fade of these batteries has been analyzed using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge and impedance spectroscopy. Batteries with different cycle numbers charged using ENREV pulse charging protocol showed superior charge transfer performance and rate capabilities and more than 90% retention of the initial capacity after 800 cycles compared with 64% retention of capacity observed for batteries charged using DC charge protocol.","PeriodicalId":368992,"journal":{"name":"Fifteenth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances (Cat. No.00TH8490)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130339675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-11DOI: 10.1109/BCAA.2000.838422
F. Vaccaro, J. Rhoades, B. Malley, K. Marion, B. Le
Previous Intelec conferences have produced papers that have addressed the unique properties of this relatively new cell design. In this work, the authors have attempted to review those previous articles critical to successful battery design, operation, testing, and performance. This paper's analysis starts with topics presented in the late eighties, i.e., the internal resistance-capacity relationship, and ends with the present day topic of noble metal catalysts. The review spans approximately ten years.
{"title":"VRLA batteries: reflections on and realities of previous lntelec conferences","authors":"F. Vaccaro, J. Rhoades, B. Malley, K. Marion, B. Le","doi":"10.1109/BCAA.2000.838422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCAA.2000.838422","url":null,"abstract":"Previous Intelec conferences have produced papers that have addressed the unique properties of this relatively new cell design. In this work, the authors have attempted to review those previous articles critical to successful battery design, operation, testing, and performance. This paper's analysis starts with topics presented in the late eighties, i.e., the internal resistance-capacity relationship, and ends with the present day topic of noble metal catalysts. The review spans approximately ten years.","PeriodicalId":368992,"journal":{"name":"Fifteenth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances (Cat. No.00TH8490)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130604536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-11DOI: 10.1109/BCAA.2000.838375
F. Kalhammer
This paper reviews the status and prospects of high-power batteries intended for application in power trains for hybrid electric vehicles. It is based on a survey of a d v a d batteries conducted by the author for the Califomia Air Resources Board in the first half of 1999. Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) concepts and technology are still evolving, as are the associated requirements for energy storage. The most important requirements atablished or implied for several generic HEV typa are discussed to help judge the applicability of candidate batteries. On that basis, high power versions of nickel-metal hydride, lead acid, and lithium ion batteries meet the performance requirements for the power assidregeneration BEV application. Nickel-metal hydride, lithium ion and lithium polymer batteries appear suited for hybrid electric vehicles that have significant driving range on battery power alone. The status of these technologies and their prospects for availability w i t h the nexl 3-5 years are discussed. The emergence of hybrid electric vehicles promises viable markets for advanced batteries (as well as for electric power conversion, control and motor technologies) in electric transportation Hybrid electric vehicles especially those with significant battery-only driving range also might become stepping stones in the commercial introduction of electric vehicles that take advantage of the remarkable advances in battery technolog achieved over the past five years. Introduction The successful introduction of Toyota’s PRIUS hybrid vehicle in Japan and the announcements by Ronda and Toyota of plans to introduce their hybrid vehicles in the U.S. market have dramaiically increased interest in this new automotive product. Automobile mnufacturets, regulators and environmentalists see HEVs as a potentially major avenue to increasing vehicle energy efficiency and reducing the emissions of air pollutants. Enam and environmental policy leaders view HEVs especialiy those that derive a significant portion of the propulsion energy from electricity as a stratqy to replace imported oil with domestic energy resources and reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide. Final@, electric utilities consider grid-connected hybrid electric vehicles a possible business opportunity. Batteries are an essential component of the hybrid electric vehicle types currently under development. In the functionally simplest KEV concept, the battery is employed to store energy captured in regenerative braking plus make-up energy provided by the engine, to keep the battery at approximately 50% state-ofcharge (SoC). The stored energy is used as needed to start the vehicle’s combustion engine and assist the engine during acceleration. The Toyota PRIUS and Honda’s recently announced INSIGHT HEV are exampIes of this “Power AssisuRegmration” (PAIR) -hybrid electric vehicle. Most of the hybrid vehicles currently under development at the three major U.S. carmakers also fall in this cntegoty. This type of H
{"title":"The status of high-power batteries for hybrid electric vehicles","authors":"F. Kalhammer","doi":"10.1109/BCAA.2000.838375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCAA.2000.838375","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews the status and prospects of high-power batteries intended for application in power trains for hybrid electric vehicles. It is based on a survey of a d v a d batteries conducted by the author for the Califomia Air Resources Board in the first half of 1999. Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) concepts and technology are still evolving, as are the associated requirements for energy storage. The most important requirements atablished or implied for several generic HEV typa are discussed to help judge the applicability of candidate batteries. On that basis, high power versions of nickel-metal hydride, lead acid, and lithium ion batteries meet the performance requirements for the power assidregeneration BEV application. Nickel-metal hydride, lithium ion and lithium polymer batteries appear suited for hybrid electric vehicles that have significant driving range on battery power alone. The status of these technologies and their prospects for availability w i t h the nexl 3-5 years are discussed. The emergence of hybrid electric vehicles promises viable markets for advanced batteries (as well as for electric power conversion, control and motor technologies) in electric transportation Hybrid electric vehicles especially those with significant battery-only driving range also might become stepping stones in the commercial introduction of electric vehicles that take advantage of the remarkable advances in battery technolog achieved over the past five years. Introduction The successful introduction of Toyota’s PRIUS hybrid vehicle in Japan and the announcements by Ronda and Toyota of plans to introduce their hybrid vehicles in the U.S. market have dramaiically increased interest in this new automotive product. Automobile mnufacturets, regulators and environmentalists see HEVs as a potentially major avenue to increasing vehicle energy efficiency and reducing the emissions of air pollutants. Enam and environmental policy leaders view HEVs especialiy those that derive a significant portion of the propulsion energy from electricity as a stratqy to replace imported oil with domestic energy resources and reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide. Final@, electric utilities consider grid-connected hybrid electric vehicles a possible business opportunity. Batteries are an essential component of the hybrid electric vehicle types currently under development. In the functionally simplest KEV concept, the battery is employed to store energy captured in regenerative braking plus make-up energy provided by the engine, to keep the battery at approximately 50% state-ofcharge (SoC). The stored energy is used as needed to start the vehicle’s combustion engine and assist the engine during acceleration. The Toyota PRIUS and Honda’s recently announced INSIGHT HEV are exampIes of this “Power AssisuRegmration” (PAIR) -hybrid electric vehicle. Most of the hybrid vehicles currently under development at the three major U.S. carmakers also fall in this cntegoty. This type of H","PeriodicalId":368992,"journal":{"name":"Fifteenth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances (Cat. No.00TH8490)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128982776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-11DOI: 10.1109/BCAA.2000.838421
B. Mahato, D. Boughn, J. L. Arias
The lead-acid battery technology developed at Bipolar Power International (BPI) is the outcome of its 10 years of research work in developing bipolar lead-acid batteries. This work has resulted in new paste compositions for both positive and negative plates, which provide higher material utilization and better capacity-maintenance during cycling. The new positive paste is water-based using a pre-sulfated lead compound, with a conductive additive which improves the charge efficiency during formation. The negative paste is also water-based paste, using a pre-sulfated lead compound, and has a modified expander to improve formation efficiency. The material utilization efficiencies of both negative and positive active mass as obtained from the bipolar work are described. An initial experiment using this new paste on grid-type plates in a 12V/26Ah battery has demonstrated significant performance improvement over an identical commercial battery. Simplification and improvement of VRLA manufacturing processes also appear possible using the BPI paste.
国际双极电力公司(Bipolar Power International, BPI)开发的铅酸电池技术是其10年双极铅酸电池研究工作的成果。这项工作为正负极板带来了新的浆料组合物，在循环过程中提供了更高的材料利用率和更好的容量维护。新型正极浆料是水基的，使用了预硫酸盐铅化合物，并添加了导电添加剂，提高了形成过程中的电荷效率。负极膏体也是水基膏体，使用预硫酸盐铅化合物，并具有改性膨胀剂以提高地层效率。描述了从双极功中得到的负、正活性质量的物质利用效率。在12V/26Ah电池的栅格型板上使用这种新浆料的初步实验表明，与相同的商用电池相比，性能有了显著提高。使用BPI浆料，VRLA制造工艺的简化和改进也成为可能。
{"title":"Increasing material utilization of lead-acid batteries using BPI technology","authors":"B. Mahato, D. Boughn, J. L. Arias","doi":"10.1109/BCAA.2000.838421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCAA.2000.838421","url":null,"abstract":"The lead-acid battery technology developed at Bipolar Power International (BPI) is the outcome of its 10 years of research work in developing bipolar lead-acid batteries. This work has resulted in new paste compositions for both positive and negative plates, which provide higher material utilization and better capacity-maintenance during cycling. The new positive paste is water-based using a pre-sulfated lead compound, with a conductive additive which improves the charge efficiency during formation. The negative paste is also water-based paste, using a pre-sulfated lead compound, and has a modified expander to improve formation efficiency. The material utilization efficiencies of both negative and positive active mass as obtained from the bipolar work are described. An initial experiment using this new paste on grid-type plates in a 12V/26Ah battery has demonstrated significant performance improvement over an identical commercial battery. Simplification and improvement of VRLA manufacturing processes also appear possible using the BPI paste.","PeriodicalId":368992,"journal":{"name":"Fifteenth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances (Cat. No.00TH8490)","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133622593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-11DOI: 10.1109/BCAA.2000.838368
T. Valdez, S. Narayanan, N. Rohatgi
Stack development for a Nafion(R) based 150-watt direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) system is discussed in this paper. Single cell data for a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) that can operate at low air stoichiometry is presented. The stack operating conditions for achieving a water balance have been determined to be 55/spl deg/C 0.5 M MeOH at a maximum of 1.75 times air stoichiometry at 100 mA/cm/sup 2/. Single cells with a 25-cm/sup 2/ active area have been operated in this regime and can maintain an average cell voltage of 0.43 V at 100 mA/cm/sup 2/ for 120 minutes with a cell voltage decay of 0.2 mV/min. A five-cell stack with a 80-cm/sup 2/ active area, scaled up from the single cell, was capable of sustaining 100-mA/cm/sup 2/ load at a 1.75 air stoichiometry for over 70 hours, with a voltage decay of the order of 2 mV/hr. Voltage decay is reversible by purging excess water in the cathode.
本文讨论了一种基于Nafion(R)的150瓦直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)系统的电池组开发。介绍了一种能在低空气化学计量下工作的膜电极组件(MEA)的单细胞数据。达到水平衡的堆操作条件已确定为55/spl度/C, 0.5 M MeOH，最大1.75倍空气化学计量，100 mA/cm/sup / 2/。具有25 cm/sup 2/活性面积的单个电池在该状态下运行，可以在100 mA/cm/sup 2/下保持平均电池电压0.43 V 120分钟，电池电压衰减为0.2 mV/min。一个具有80 cm/sup 2/有效面积的五电池堆叠，在1.75空气化学计量下能够维持100 ma /cm/sup 2/负载超过70小时，电压衰减为2 mV/hr。通过清除阴极中多余的水，电压衰减是可逆的。
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Pub Date : 2000-01-11DOI: 10.1109/BCAA.2000.838386
G. Blomgren
Lithium ion batteries have only a short history in battery technology, but the remarkable growth in sales of these batteries has allowed them to take a leading position in the rechargeable battery field. The present status of these batteries in terms of performance, market and manufacturers is reviewed. The newly developing lithium ion polymer batteries may experience a similar growth to liquid electrolyte lithium ion batteries and take a major share in the rechargeable battery market, if they can solve some long standing problems. The companies taking a leading role and the status of their products is also reviewed. The potentiality for future growth is also discussed.
{"title":"Current status of lithium ion and lithium polymer secondary batteries","authors":"G. Blomgren","doi":"10.1109/BCAA.2000.838386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCAA.2000.838386","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium ion batteries have only a short history in battery technology, but the remarkable growth in sales of these batteries has allowed them to take a leading position in the rechargeable battery field. The present status of these batteries in terms of performance, market and manufacturers is reviewed. The newly developing lithium ion polymer batteries may experience a similar growth to liquid electrolyte lithium ion batteries and take a major share in the rechargeable battery market, if they can solve some long standing problems. The companies taking a leading role and the status of their products is also reviewed. The potentiality for future growth is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":368992,"journal":{"name":"Fifteenth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances (Cat. No.00TH8490)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121432689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-11DOI: 10.1109/BCAA.2000.838387
P. Krehl, E. Takeuchi
This paper presents a general overview of primary lithium battery systems. Performance data are shown for liquid cathode, solid cathode, and solid state systems. Future research and development programs are also noted.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of primary lithium cells","authors":"P. Krehl, E. Takeuchi","doi":"10.1109/BCAA.2000.838387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCAA.2000.838387","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a general overview of primary lithium battery systems. Performance data are shown for liquid cathode, solid cathode, and solid state systems. Future research and development programs are also noted.","PeriodicalId":368992,"journal":{"name":"Fifteenth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances (Cat. No.00TH8490)","volume":"267 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115954597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-11DOI: 10.1109/BCAA.2000.838415
D. Coates, J. Rotondo, J. O'Neill
Rechargeable nickel-zinc batteries are being developed for consumer and mobile applications such as electric bicycles, scooters and hybrid and electric vehicles. Nickel-zinc cycle life performance has been improved through the development of a reduced solubility zinc electrode. Deep cycle capability has been increased to 600 cycles while maintaining a high specific energy up to 60 Wh per kilogram. Nickel-zinc provides a commercially viable alternative for lead-acid, nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride batteries for many applications.
{"title":"Development of the nickel-zinc battery for commercial applications","authors":"D. Coates, J. Rotondo, J. O'Neill","doi":"10.1109/BCAA.2000.838415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCAA.2000.838415","url":null,"abstract":"Rechargeable nickel-zinc batteries are being developed for consumer and mobile applications such as electric bicycles, scooters and hybrid and electric vehicles. Nickel-zinc cycle life performance has been improved through the development of a reduced solubility zinc electrode. Deep cycle capability has been increased to 600 cycles while maintaining a high specific energy up to 60 Wh per kilogram. Nickel-zinc provides a commercially viable alternative for lead-acid, nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride batteries for many applications.","PeriodicalId":368992,"journal":{"name":"Fifteenth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances (Cat. No.00TH8490)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128853865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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