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An Exploratory Qualitative Study of Visitors’ Cognitive Appraisals in a Meteorological Landscape Uncertainty Scenario 气象景观不确定性情景下游客认知评价的探索性定性研究
Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.1177/10963480221142500
H. Qiu, Xiaowei Lei, Yujia Chen, Yanjun Chen
The meteorological landscape has always been the main selling point for some destinations, but the uncertain supply of the meteorological landscape also poses challenges for destination management. Little is known about visitors’ emotional and behavioral tendencies elicited by this uncertainty under landscape viewing; therefore, it is critical for academics and practitioners to understand visitors’ emotional and behavioral changes after the viewing experience and strategize marketing plans to improve revisit intention. Grounded upon cognitive appraisal theory, this study conducted in-depth interviews with 31 visitors who had had meteorological landscape viewing experiences to solicit their perceptions and appraisals of uncertainty. Results revealed that the uncertainty influenced visitors’ entire cognitive appraisal process and resulted in four types of revisit intentions. Specifically, even if visitors have a negative emotion after the viewing, they may choose to revisit. Accordingly, theoretical and practical implications for destination management are offered.
气象景观一直是一些旅游目的地的主要卖点,但气象景观供应的不确定性也给旅游目的地管理带来了挑战。在景观观赏中,这种不确定性所引发的游客情绪和行为倾向尚不清楚;因此,了解游客在观看体验后的情绪和行为变化,并制定营销计划以提高重游意愿,对于学者和实践者来说至关重要。本研究以认知评价理论为基础,对31位有过气象景观观景经历的游客进行深度访谈,征求他们对不确定性的感知和评价。结果表明,不确定性影响了游客的整个认知评价过程,并导致了四种类型的重游意图。具体来说,即使游客在观看后有负面情绪,他们也可能选择再次参观。在此基础上,提出了目的地管理的理论和实践意义。
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引用次数: 0
Repeat Customers and Satisfaction: Uncovering New Intricacies Through Restaurant Reviews 回头客和满意度:通过餐馆评论揭示新的复杂性
Pub Date : 2022-12-14 DOI: 10.1177/10963480221141613
Xiaoxian Ji, J. Nicolau, R. Law, Xianwei Liu
Repeat customers are crucial for business success. Previous studies have mainly focused on those factors that affect repeat patronage but ignored how repeat customers reevaluate the same service provider after consumption. We obtained a dataset containing 637,748 reviews of restaurants in New York City and used a generalized difference-in-differences design to further explore the rating behavior of local repeat customers. The results of this study contribute to theories of customer satisfaction, repeat patronage, and customer location in the context of user-generated content as repeat customers are found to be sensitive to quality variations. Such sensitivity is even accentuated by local customers. Relevant practical implications for restaurant managers are also drawn from the results.
回头客对商业成功至关重要。以往的研究主要集中在影响回头客的因素上,而忽略了回头客在消费后对同一服务提供者的重新评价。我们获得了一个包含637,748条纽约市餐馆评论的数据集,并使用广义差中差设计来进一步探索当地重复顾客的评级行为。本研究的结果有助于理论的客户满意度,回头客,并在用户生成内容的背景下的客户定位,因为回头客被发现是敏感的质量变化。这种敏感性甚至被当地顾客所强化。研究结果也为餐厅管理者提供了相关的实践启示。
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引用次数: 0
How Self-Identity and Social Identity Grow Environmentally Sustainable Restaurants’ Brand Communities Via Social Rewards 自我认同和社会认同如何通过社会奖励发展环境可持续餐厅品牌社区
Pub Date : 2022-12-13 DOI: 10.1177/10963480221140019
Yoon-Jung Jang, Eojina Kim
This study proposes a model that can be used to understand customers’ attitudes to restaurants’ sustainability initiatives on brand communities. The study incorporates identity theories and suggests a theoretical model for customer engagement that represents associations among self-identity and social identity constructs, customer engagement, and customers’ sustainable behavioral changes. Members of restaurants’ brand communities participated in the survey. Structural equation modeling and multigroup analysis were used to test hypothesized relationships. The findings confirm the positive and strong effects of self-identity and social identity on customer engagement, which appear to significantly influence customers’ commitment to brands and their sustainable behavioral changes. Interestingly, the effects of self-identity on customer engagement and of customer engagement on sustainable behavioral changes are significantly greater in the high social reward group than in the low social reward group, indicating the moderating role of social rewards. Finally, several meaningful implications arise from the study.
本研究提出一个模型,可用于了解顾客对餐厅品牌社区可持续发展倡议的态度。本研究结合认同理论,提出了一个客户参与的理论模型,该模型反映了自我认同与社会认同建构、客户参与和客户可持续行为变化之间的关联。餐厅品牌社区的成员参与了这项调查。使用结构方程模型和多组分析来检验假设的关系。研究结果证实了自我认同和社会认同对客户参与的积极而强烈的影响,这似乎显著影响着客户对品牌的承诺和他们的可持续行为变化。有趣的是,自我认同对顾客参与和顾客参与对可持续行为改变的影响在高社会奖励组显著大于低社会奖励组,表明社会奖励的调节作用。最后,本研究提出了一些有意义的启示。
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引用次数: 1
Electronic Consumer-to-Consumer Interaction (eCCI) Post a Service Failure: The Psychological Power of Need for Approval 电子消费者对消费者互动(eCCI)服务失败后:需要认可的心理力量
Pub Date : 2022-12-13 DOI: 10.1177/10963480221141649
Wei Wei, Lu Zhang, Bobbie Rathjens, Sean P. McGinley
The prevalence of eCCI (electronic customer-to-customer interaction) is rapidly growing as customers increasingly employ online tools to reach fellow customers and voice their opinions, especially after service failures. Adopting a quasi-experimental design, this research examines the impact of eCCI on restaurant customers, considering their need for approval. A total of 201 responses were obtained for the main experiment (Study 1). Results indicated that people with a lower need for approval reported greater social media engagement, customer-customer interaction justice, and empathy quality in the condition of positive eCCI. People with a higher need for approval exhibited similar responses on all dependent variables, regardless of the eCCI condition. The results remained stable across different restaurants’ response strategies (Study 2). This paper examines the novel eCCI phenomenon and adds a new twist to the literature on CCI and customer reviews. It further offers valuable guidelines for managerial involvement in digital customer service encounters.
随着客户越来越多地使用在线工具来联系其他客户并表达他们的意见,特别是在服务失败之后,eCCI(电子客户对客户交互)的普及程度正在迅速增长。采用准实验设计,本研究考察了eCCI对餐馆顾客的影响,考虑到他们需要批准。主实验(研究1)共获得201份回应。结果表明,在正向eCCI条件下,认同需求越低的人在社交媒体参与度、客户-客户互动公平度和共情质量方面表现出更高的水平。无论eCCI条件如何,对认可需求较高的人在所有因变量上都表现出相似的反应。在不同的餐厅应对策略中,结果保持稳定(研究2)。本文研究了新的CCI现象,并为CCI和顾客评论的文献增加了新的思路。它还为管理人员参与数字客户服务提供了有价值的指导方针。
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引用次数: 0
User Interactions in Online Travel Communities: A Social Network Perspective 在线旅游社区中的用户交互:一个社会网络视角
Pub Date : 2022-12-10 DOI: 10.1177/10963480221141616
Bingbing Liu, Fang Meng, Chaoliang Luo, Hui Jiang
Online travel communities (OTCs) enable users to interact and share travel information voluntarily. Extant research has primarily focused on the content generated through user interactions but neglected how user interactions are structured. This study employed exponential random graph models to examine the formation of user interactions and the outcomes of homophily in terms of network structure across levels (actor, dyad, triad, and network). A dataset of 2,926 posts and 25,854 replies involving 9,712 users in an OTC was used. Results reveal that users’ question initiating and replying ties in OTCs exhibit significant positive structural dependencies in terms of reciprocity, activity spread, generalized transitive closure, and multiple connectivity. Homophily serves as the basis of dyadic interactions and homophilous ties evolve after formation. The study advances hospitality and tourism network research and methodology by going beyond traditional dyadic user interactions, and provides insights into user interactions in OTCs from the social network perspective.
在线旅游社区(OTCs)使用户能够自愿地进行互动和分享旅游信息。现有的研究主要集中在用户交互产生的内容上,而忽略了用户交互的结构。本研究采用指数随机图模型来检验用户交互的形成和同质性的结果在跨层次的网络结构方面(行动者,二人组,三人组和网络)。使用了一个包含2926篇帖子和25854个回复的数据集,涉及9712个OTC用户。结果表明,用户提问与回答关系在互惠性、活动传播性、广义传递闭包性和多重连通性等方面表现出显著的正向结构依赖关系。同质性是二元相互作用的基础,同质关系在形成后进化。该研究超越了传统的二元用户交互,推动了酒店和旅游网络的研究和方法,并从社交网络的角度对在线旅行社的用户交互提供了见解。
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引用次数: 2
Instant Karma: How the Karmic-Investment Mindset Affects Customer Engagement With Corporate Charitable Giving Requests 即时业力:业力投资心态如何影响企业慈善捐赠请求的客户参与
Pub Date : 2022-11-24 DOI: 10.1177/10963480221137779
Joanne X. Xue, A. Mattila
Corporate charitable giving (CCG) is increasingly pervasive in the global hospitality industry. Among various subtypes of CCGs, many hospitality companies request donations from customers during the service delivery or payment process to encourage customer engagement and co-created social responsibility. Karma—the implicit belief that the universe rewards good deeds and punishes wrongdoings—resonates with consumers’ prosocial behaviors, yet little is known about how karma beliefs, along with various donation elements, affect donation likelihood. Study 1 demonstrates that karma believers are more likely to donate gifts-in-kind than money, as it signals altruism that engenders karmic rewards. Study 2 shows that consumers with weak (vs. strong) karma beliefs are more likely to donate in a public (vs. private) setting due to greater reputational benefits. This research enriches the literature on hospitality CCG marketing and provides insights to managers regarding how to effectively execute donation programs.
企业慈善捐赠(CCG)在全球酒店业越来越普遍。在CCGs的各种子类型中,许多酒店公司在提供服务或付款过程中要求客户捐款,以鼓励客户参与和共同创造社会责任。因果报应是一种隐含的信念,即宇宙会奖励善行,惩罚恶行。这种信念与消费者的亲社会行为产生共鸣,但人们对因果报应信念以及各种捐赠因素如何影响捐赠可能性知之甚少。研究1表明,相信因果报应的人更有可能捐赠实物礼物而不是金钱,因为这表明利他主义会产生因果报应。研究2表明,因果报应信念较弱(与较强)的消费者更有可能在公共(与私人)环境中捐赠,因为这能带来更大的声誉利益。本研究丰富了酒店CCG营销的文献,并为管理者提供了如何有效执行捐赠计划的见解。
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引用次数: 0
When Service Customization in Tourism Backfires: Exploring the Value Restoration Mechanism to Prevent Value Codestruction 旅游服务定制适得其反:探索价值修复机制,防止价值共毁
Pub Date : 2022-11-23 DOI: 10.1177/10963480221137777
Lishan Xie, Xin Liu, Dongmei Li, Xinhua Guan
Although service customization is widely adopted in the tourism industry to cater to the heterogeneous needs of customers, the high interaction in customization often results in a value decrease for the service provider and tourists (i.e., value codestruction). However, the literature has not fully explored the restoration process when value codestruction occurs during the consumption stage of customized tourism. Based on conservation of resources theory, this study identified a systematic value restoration framework by investigating the factors of codestruction situation, restoration approach, and customer characteristics. Our experiments indicate that value can only be restored effectively when the restoration approach is congruent with the value reducer type. Moreover, customers with low self-efficacy rely more on such a congruency effect. The findings provide managers and tourists with insights into how to optimize tourism experiences by displaying flexibility in dealing with value codestruction in customized tourism.
虽然旅游行业广泛采用服务定制来满足顾客的异质需求,但定制的高交互性往往导致服务提供者和游客的价值降低(即价值共毁)。然而,对于定制旅游在消费阶段发生价值共毁时的修复过程,文献并没有进行充分的探讨。本研究以资源守恒理论为基础,通过对共毁情况、修复方式和顾客特征等因素的考察,构建了系统的价值修复框架。我们的实验表明,只有当恢复方法与值减速器类型一致时,才能有效地恢复值。而且,自我效能低的顾客更依赖于这种一致性效应。研究结果为管理者和游客提供了如何通过灵活处理定制旅游中的价值共毁来优化旅游体验的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Is Hotel Technology a Double-edged Sword on Customer Experience? A Mixed-method Approach using Big Data 酒店科技是顾客体验的双刃剑吗?使用大数据的混合方法
Pub Date : 2022-11-23 DOI: 10.1177/10963480221132758
Hyekyung Park, Minwoo Lee, K. Back, A. DeFranco
This study aims to identify the critical hotel guest technology that enhances the hotel customer experience. By applying the two-factor theory, the study discovers the asymmetry impact of hotel guest technology on customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction. This study uses an integrated approach of big data analytics and impact asymmetry analysis on a dataset of 520,757 online reviews of 435 hotels in New York City derived from TripAdvisor.com. Big data analytics is implemented to identify significant attributes of hotel guest technology. Then, the five unique roles of hotel guest technology in customer satisfaction and/or dissatisfaction are identified through impact asymmetry analysis. The integrated approach reconciles inconsistent findings from prior research and guides hotel operators to prioritize hotel guest technology to increase customer experience.
本研究旨在确定关键的酒店客人技术,提高酒店的客户体验。运用双因素理论,研究发现酒店客人技术对顾客满意和不满意的不对称影响。本研究采用大数据分析和影响不对称分析的综合方法,对来自TripAdvisor.com的纽约市435家酒店的520,757条在线评论数据集进行分析。实施大数据分析,以识别酒店客人技术的重要属性。然后,通过影响不对称分析,确定了酒店客人技术在顾客满意和/或不满意方面的五个独特作用。整合的方法调和了先前研究中不一致的发现,并指导酒店经营者优先考虑酒店客人技术,以提高客户体验。
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引用次数: 2
Effects of Ethnocentrism on International Hospitality Brands: A Cross-Country Study of Starbucks 民族中心主义对国际酒店品牌的影响:基于星巴克的跨国研究
Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/10963480221133778
Dr.Fabio Cassia, Dr.Francesca Magno
Ethnocentrism is anticipated to have a growing impact on international hospitality brands, but current understandings of its effects is limited. Using the traditional, unidimensional conceptualization of ethnocentrism, prior hospitality research concluded that ethnocentrism drives people to favor domestic over foreign brands. This study proposes a model wherein ethnocentrism’s emotional and cognitive dimensions influence perceptions of international brands through separate direct and indirect mechanisms, which vary between the brand’s domestic and foreign markets. The model was assessed using multigroup analysis of perceptions of Starbucks in two samples of 186 and 235 consumers from the United States and Italy, respectively. The findings highlight that ethnocentrism’s emotional and cognitive dimensions have positive and negative effects, respectively, on brand image in the domestic market (United States) and vice versa in a foreign market (Italy). In the foreign market, ethnocentrism influences brand image only indirectly. The study concludes with implications for brand managers.
种族中心主义预计将对国际酒店品牌产生越来越大的影响,但目前对其影响的理解有限。利用传统的、单一的民族中心主义概念,先前的酒店业研究得出结论,民族中心主义促使人们更喜欢国内品牌而不是外国品牌。本研究提出了一个模型,其中民族中心主义的情感和认知维度通过不同的直接和间接机制影响国际品牌的感知,这些机制因品牌的国内和国外市场而异。该模型是通过对来自美国和意大利的186名和235名消费者的两个样本对星巴克的看法进行多组分析来评估的。研究结果强调,民族中心主义的情感和认知维度分别对国内市场(美国)和国外市场(意大利)的品牌形象产生积极和消极的影响。在国外市场,民族中心主义对品牌形象的影响只是间接的。该研究总结了对品牌经理的启示。
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引用次数: 4
Staging mediatized tourism places as imagined playscapes: The crucial role of a tour designer 将中介化的旅游场所作为想象的游戏景观:旅游设计师的关键作用
Pub Date : 2022-10-19 DOI: 10.1177/10963480221130997
Kyungjae Jang, Sangkyun Kim
This study examines how a mediatized space becomes a “staged” place to play with, and provides a symbolic platform for performance-based, tourism experiences from a tour program design perspective. It focuses on the Detective Conan Mystery Tour, a derivative tourism product of Detective Conan, a Japanese mystery fiction media franchise. Applying the concept of “playscapes” as the theoretical lens, the findings indicate that creating fiction-driven places forms “imagined playscapes” through the endless negotiation process that occurs between tourists as consumers and tour designers and/or operators as producers. In this regard, tour designers play a crucial role in creating the imagined playscapes of the mediatized spaces, inviting tourist performance as a metaphor for an utterly authentic experience.
本研究探讨了一个媒介化的空间如何成为一个“舞台”的地方,并从旅游项目设计的角度为基于表演的旅游体验提供了一个象征性的平台。它的重点是侦探柯南神秘之旅,这是一个衍生的旅游产品,侦探柯南,日本推理小说媒体特许经营。将“游戏景观”的概念作为理论视角,研究结果表明,通过作为消费者的游客与作为生产者的旅游设计师和/或运营商之间无休止的谈判过程,创造虚构驱动的场所形成了“想象的游戏景观”。在这方面,旅游设计师在创造中介空间的想象游戏景观方面发挥着至关重要的作用,邀请游客表演作为一种完全真实的体验的隐喻。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research
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