Since the US initiated the strategic competition with China, many scholars are attracted by this topic. Although they have studied it from many aspects, few noticed the importance of the US’s cognition of China and gave it a comprehensive and scientific study. By using non-classical taxonomic structures of categorization theories in cognitive linguistics, and distribution of capabilities among units, interaction between units, and interactions between unit and security complexes in theories of international relations, this article studies the US’s cognition of China in SinoAmerican strategic competition from the perspective of cognitive discourse study. After analyzing the non-classical categories the US uses to recognize China in United States Innovation and Competition Act of 2021, this article discovers that the US regards China’s approaching capability has threatened its hegemony; the US possesses a complex categorizing model, and arrogant and anxious mentalities; the gaps between the US and China are being narrowed; the US’s domestic political structure has flaws; the US cannot contain China alone, but it has strong international integrating abilities to do so. Compared with traditional international relations study, this study not only deepens our understanding of the US’s cognition of China by disclosing its categorizing model on China and its mentalities, but also establishes a scientific, objective, convenient, and feasible operation paradigm for international relations study by integrating the methods of discourse analysis and international system analysis. The future study can explore the impacts on East Asian security of the US’s cognition of China with the help of security theories in international relations.
{"title":"A Cognitive Discourse Study of the US’s Cognition of China in Sino-American Strategic Competition","authors":"Bin Zhou","doi":"10.5430/sass.v9n1p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/sass.v9n1p1","url":null,"abstract":"Since the US initiated the strategic competition with China, many scholars are attracted by this topic. Although they have studied it from many aspects, few noticed the importance of the US’s cognition of China and gave it a comprehensive and scientific study. By using non-classical taxonomic structures of categorization theories in cognitive linguistics, and distribution of capabilities among units, interaction between units, and interactions between unit and security complexes in theories of international relations, this article studies the US’s cognition of China in SinoAmerican strategic competition from the perspective of cognitive discourse study. After analyzing the non-classical categories the US uses to recognize China in United States Innovation and Competition Act of 2021, this article discovers that the US regards China’s approaching capability has threatened its hegemony; the US possesses a complex categorizing model, and arrogant and anxious mentalities; the gaps between the US and China are being narrowed; the US’s domestic political structure has flaws; the US cannot contain China alone, but it has strong international integrating abilities to do so. Compared with traditional international relations study, this study not only deepens our understanding of the US’s cognition of China by disclosing its categorizing model on China and its mentalities, but also establishes a scientific, objective, convenient, and feasible operation paradigm for international relations study by integrating the methods of discourse analysis and international system analysis. The future study can explore the impacts on East Asian security of the US’s cognition of China with the help of security theories in international relations.","PeriodicalId":369030,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Asian Social Science","volume":"21 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139240294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study outlines and empirically tests a field-theoretic view of consciousness and positive social change based on the ancient Vedic tradition of knowledge from India (Veda means “knowledge” in Sanskrit) as brought to light by the Vedic scholar and scientist of consciousness, Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. In contrast to most contemporary theories of mind and consciousness originating in the West, Maharishi’s Vedic science of consciousness posits the existence of an interpersonal, nonlocalized dimension of consciousness that underlies both individual consciousness and the “collective consciousness” of society, or “national consciousness.” We review previous empirical tests in Cambodia, India, the Philippines (and other countries) of hypotheses derived from this field-theoretic view of consciousness. We then present new empirical results, which together with prior research, provide evidence for an interpersonal dimension to consciousness. Segmented-trend regression analysis of data from a prospective, 15-year U.S. national social experiment found support for the hypothesis that “field effects of consciousness” created by group practice of Transcendental Meditation® and its advanced technique, the TM-Sidhi® program, by a theoretically predicted number of participants contributed to a reduction in social stress in national consciousness as indicated by improved monthly homicide trends during the study’s experimental period 2007-2011 (p < .0001). These results are consistent with significant reductions in crime and violence associated with group practice of the TM® and TM-Sidhi® program as reported in previous peer-reviewed research. This reduction was followed by a predicted subsequent increase in homicide trends 2012-2016 (p < .0001) after the group fell below the required size (approximately the √1% of the U.S. population).
{"title":"Evaluating a Field Theory of Consciousness and Social Change: Group Practice of Transcendental Meditation and Homicide Trends","authors":"K. L. Cavanaugh, M. Dillbeck, D. Orme-Johnson","doi":"10.5430/sass.v8n1p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/sass.v8n1p1","url":null,"abstract":"This study outlines and empirically tests a field-theoretic view of consciousness and positive social change based on the ancient Vedic tradition of knowledge from India (Veda means “knowledge” in Sanskrit) as brought to light by the Vedic scholar and scientist of consciousness, Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. In contrast to most contemporary theories of mind and consciousness originating in the West, Maharishi’s Vedic science of consciousness posits the existence of an interpersonal, nonlocalized dimension of consciousness that underlies both individual consciousness and the “collective consciousness” of society, or “national consciousness.” We review previous empirical tests in Cambodia, India, the Philippines (and other countries) of hypotheses derived from this field-theoretic view of consciousness. We then present new empirical results, which together with prior research, provide evidence for an interpersonal dimension to consciousness. Segmented-trend regression analysis of data from a prospective, 15-year U.S. national social experiment found support for the hypothesis that “field effects of consciousness” created by group practice of Transcendental Meditation® and its advanced technique, the TM-Sidhi® program, by a theoretically predicted number of participants contributed to a reduction in social stress in national consciousness as indicated by improved monthly homicide trends during the study’s experimental period 2007-2011 (p < .0001). These results are consistent with significant reductions in crime and violence associated with group practice of the TM® and TM-Sidhi® program as reported in previous peer-reviewed research. This reduction was followed by a predicted subsequent increase in homicide trends 2012-2016 (p < .0001) after the group fell below the required size (approximately the √1% of the U.S. population).","PeriodicalId":369030,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Asian Social Science","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116714142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In This thesis I will account from inductivism and its problem and its successors like falsificationism, structures ofscience and against method, at first; and then, I will prove that “science is a tale.”
{"title":"Science, As a Universal Tale","authors":"Hossein Falsafi","doi":"10.5430/sass.v6n2p88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/sass.v6n2p88","url":null,"abstract":"In This thesis I will account from inductivism and its problem and its successors like falsificationism, structures ofscience and against method, at first; and then, I will prove that “science is a tale.”","PeriodicalId":369030,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Asian Social Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124315766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study evaluated the organizational identity perceptions of teachers in teacher departments. Based on a literaturereview, this research regards organizational identity as being composed of mind identity, behavior identity, and visualidentity. Fieldwork was conducted, and 180 students in teacher departments were asked to participate in the study.After valid questionnaires were received, SPSS 22.0 was used for analysis. Importance and performance analysis(IPA) is a strategic tool that was used in this study to capture staff requirements for achieving high satisfaction andallocating resources in teacher departments. There were eight, eight, two, and two attributes in Quadrants I, II, III,and IV, respectively. The results of this study could be useful for policymakers and scholars. Policymakers couldlearn from the IPA results and the prioritized variables, and researchers could gain a better understanding of theorganizational identity of universities.
{"title":"New Administrative Practice: The Organizational Identity Operation of Teacher Departments","authors":"Y. Chen","doi":"10.5430/sass.v6n2p77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/sass.v6n2p77","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the organizational identity perceptions of teachers in teacher departments. Based on a literaturereview, this research regards organizational identity as being composed of mind identity, behavior identity, and visualidentity. Fieldwork was conducted, and 180 students in teacher departments were asked to participate in the study.After valid questionnaires were received, SPSS 22.0 was used for analysis. Importance and performance analysis(IPA) is a strategic tool that was used in this study to capture staff requirements for achieving high satisfaction andallocating resources in teacher departments. There were eight, eight, two, and two attributes in Quadrants I, II, III,and IV, respectively. The results of this study could be useful for policymakers and scholars. Policymakers couldlearn from the IPA results and the prioritized variables, and researchers could gain a better understanding of theorganizational identity of universities.","PeriodicalId":369030,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Asian Social Science","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130401751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study re-examines the prevalent view of classical social theorist, Auguste Comte and contemporary social theorist,Gerhard Lenski. Both social theorists are important figures in terms of social change and social development.Therefore, within context, the notion of social change theories, its relations and cause of social change are discussed,followed by an outline of the concepts of both theorists. Next, it deals with what the two perspectives share in commonand compares the differences between them. The study revealed that the two perspectives are fundamentally differentbecause Comte focused on the development of human thought while Lenski focused on social change and developmentas a result of technology. In this respect, the determinants of social change and development emerge from withinsociety itself; the deepest and the most important disagreement lies between those who see the mental or spiritualevolution of society as the main driving force of history and those who see the role of technology as its root cause.
{"title":"Social Change and Development: A Critical Comparison of Classical with Contemporary Sociological Theory","authors":"I. Guclu","doi":"10.5430/sass.v6n2p66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/sass.v6n2p66","url":null,"abstract":"This study re-examines the prevalent view of classical social theorist, Auguste Comte and contemporary social theorist,Gerhard Lenski. Both social theorists are important figures in terms of social change and social development.Therefore, within context, the notion of social change theories, its relations and cause of social change are discussed,followed by an outline of the concepts of both theorists. Next, it deals with what the two perspectives share in commonand compares the differences between them. The study revealed that the two perspectives are fundamentally differentbecause Comte focused on the development of human thought while Lenski focused on social change and developmentas a result of technology. In this respect, the determinants of social change and development emerge from withinsociety itself; the deepest and the most important disagreement lies between those who see the mental or spiritualevolution of society as the main driving force of history and those who see the role of technology as its root cause.","PeriodicalId":369030,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Asian Social Science","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122286024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Responsible Innovation (RI) recently emerged as an approach that addresses issues related to major social andenvironmental risks and uncertainties in complex innovations. At this stage, more inquiry is still needed to make theWestern-rooted RI approach more contextual and to facilitate its applicability in practice, especially in other culturalsettings. To address this issue, we propose a conceptual framework based on Hofstede’s dimensions of nationalculture and core processes of RI. We argue that the cultural dimensions are likely to play distinct roles in influencinghow these RI processes would be interpreted and operationalised in different societies with different cultures,illustrating this with some examples from Asian countries. Ultimately, the paper emphasises the importance ofevolving a broader, more comprehensive and mature approach to RI that takes cultural aspects explicitly intoaccount.
{"title":"Responsible Innovation: Moving Towards a Culturally Sensitive Approach","authors":"Andri D. Setiawan, Rajbeer Singh, H. Romijn","doi":"10.5430/SASS.V6N2P46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/SASS.V6N2P46","url":null,"abstract":"Responsible Innovation (RI) recently emerged as an approach that addresses issues related to major social andenvironmental risks and uncertainties in complex innovations. At this stage, more inquiry is still needed to make theWestern-rooted RI approach more contextual and to facilitate its applicability in practice, especially in other culturalsettings. To address this issue, we propose a conceptual framework based on Hofstede’s dimensions of nationalculture and core processes of RI. We argue that the cultural dimensions are likely to play distinct roles in influencinghow these RI processes would be interpreted and operationalised in different societies with different cultures,illustrating this with some examples from Asian countries. Ultimately, the paper emphasises the importance ofevolving a broader, more comprehensive and mature approach to RI that takes cultural aspects explicitly intoaccount.","PeriodicalId":369030,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Asian Social Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133035648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The relationship between individual and group practice of the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program andreductions in social stress, tension, and violence has been the topic of systematic exploration since the 1970s in Canada,India, Israel, Lebanon, New Zealand, Norway, the Philippines, Puerto Rico, United Kingdom, and United States.Findings from these quantitative studies have been published in leading international conflict resolution and peacestudies journals. However, research in Cambodia has to date only been of a descriptive and qualitative nature with afocus on economic and social variables not violence or crime.The purpose of the present study is therefore to examine socio-political violence in Cambodia between January 1990and December 1992 (the baseline period) and the possible influence of group practice of the Transcendental Meditationand TM-Sidhi program at Maharishi Vedic University (MVU) by 550 undergraduate students beginning in January1993 through December 2008 (the impact-assessment period). This study uses an explanatory mixed methods designto examine socio-political violence using time series analysis of machine-coded news reports (quantitative data) anddocument analysis of national and international media reports, personal statements, and public documents (qualitativedata).Results indicate that beginning in January 1993, when meditating students at MVU began their group practice, amarked downward shift occurred in the trends of socio-political violence and other forms of violent crime in Cambodia,contrary to predicted baseline trends and contrary to widespread community and media expectations. Such aconclusion can be drawn from both the quantitative and qualitative evidence when comparing baseline andimpact-assessment periods, suggesting that the observed decline in socio-political violence during this time wasassociated with an increase in peace, order, and harmony—that is, a rise of social coherence—in the collectiveconsciousness of Cambodia generated by the group of meditating students at MVU.
{"title":"Socio-political Violence in Cambodia Between 1990 and 2008: An Explanatory Mixed Methods Study of Social Coherence","authors":"L. Fergusson, K. L. Cavanaugh","doi":"10.5430/SASS.V6N2P1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/SASS.V6N2P1","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between individual and group practice of the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program andreductions in social stress, tension, and violence has been the topic of systematic exploration since the 1970s in Canada,India, Israel, Lebanon, New Zealand, Norway, the Philippines, Puerto Rico, United Kingdom, and United States.Findings from these quantitative studies have been published in leading international conflict resolution and peacestudies journals. However, research in Cambodia has to date only been of a descriptive and qualitative nature with afocus on economic and social variables not violence or crime.The purpose of the present study is therefore to examine socio-political violence in Cambodia between January 1990and December 1992 (the baseline period) and the possible influence of group practice of the Transcendental Meditationand TM-Sidhi program at Maharishi Vedic University (MVU) by 550 undergraduate students beginning in January1993 through December 2008 (the impact-assessment period). This study uses an explanatory mixed methods designto examine socio-political violence using time series analysis of machine-coded news reports (quantitative data) anddocument analysis of national and international media reports, personal statements, and public documents (qualitativedata).Results indicate that beginning in January 1993, when meditating students at MVU began their group practice, amarked downward shift occurred in the trends of socio-political violence and other forms of violent crime in Cambodia,contrary to predicted baseline trends and contrary to widespread community and media expectations. Such aconclusion can be drawn from both the quantitative and qualitative evidence when comparing baseline andimpact-assessment periods, suggesting that the observed decline in socio-political violence during this time wasassociated with an increase in peace, order, and harmony—that is, a rise of social coherence—in the collectiveconsciousness of Cambodia generated by the group of meditating students at MVU.","PeriodicalId":369030,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Asian Social Science","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127468687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Unlike the previous two translation waves in the history of China, the third translation wave beginning from LateQing period can be seen as a cross-cultural communication under confrontation and conflict between China andwestern powers. Missionaries and government officials from western powers, institutions affiliated to government,and social activists were actively engaged in various translation activities for their respective purposes by means ofcooperation, which had not only promoted western learning in China and facilitated Chinese social movements andreform, but finally brought the Qing Dynasty to an end in the Chinese Revolution of 1911. This paper aims toexplore the facilitating role of translation in social movements and reforms in China during the time of the Late QingDynasty from Skopos Theory Perspective, in order to show that translators as social activists can not only promoteintercultural communication, but also push forward social changes and help nation building. This translation wave ischaracterized by urgency, purposefulness and practicality, and played the role of enlightening people, spreadingwestern learning and facilitating revolution.
{"title":"Translation as Facilitator of Social Movements in Late Qing China: A Skopos Theory Perspective","authors":"Q. Meng","doi":"10.5430/sass.v6n1p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/sass.v6n1p1","url":null,"abstract":"Unlike the previous two translation waves in the history of China, the third translation wave beginning from LateQing period can be seen as a cross-cultural communication under confrontation and conflict between China andwestern powers. Missionaries and government officials from western powers, institutions affiliated to government,and social activists were actively engaged in various translation activities for their respective purposes by means ofcooperation, which had not only promoted western learning in China and facilitated Chinese social movements andreform, but finally brought the Qing Dynasty to an end in the Chinese Revolution of 1911. This paper aims toexplore the facilitating role of translation in social movements and reforms in China during the time of the Late QingDynasty from Skopos Theory Perspective, in order to show that translators as social activists can not only promoteintercultural communication, but also push forward social changes and help nation building. This translation wave ischaracterized by urgency, purposefulness and practicality, and played the role of enlightening people, spreadingwestern learning and facilitating revolution. ","PeriodicalId":369030,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Asian Social Science","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134041095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rural ICT offices (Centers) are one of the initiatives of ICT department in Iran for fulfillment of the rural development process via ICT. Success and effectiveness of these offices depend on the customers' satisfaction regarding the received services. This paper as the one of the first studies in the field of "customers' satisfaction of rural ICT offices" in Iran and the first one in Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari Province attempts to identify the factors affecting customer satisfaction of ICT offices services in Lordegan Township as a part of Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari Province. The sample included 39 rural ICT offices (As sample unit) and 272 individuals (As observational unit), who were selected by proportional cluster random sampling method. Survey method was used, and the data was analyzed by correlation and multiple regression techniques. Based on the regression models related to the young and middle-aged groups, 3 variables showed to have significant impact on customers' satisfaction of rural ICT offices in Lordegan Township (Complexity, relative advantage, and educational level) and about the old group, it is deduced that the variable of compatibility has a significant impact on the dependent variable. According to the results, through removing the weaknesses of ICT offices the rural satisfaction of ICT offices can be reinforced.
农村ICT办公室(中心)是伊朗ICT部门的举措之一，旨在通过ICT实现农村发展进程。这些办事处的成功和有效性取决于客户对所接受服务的满意度。本文作为伊朗“农村ICT办公室客户满意度”领域的首批研究之一，也是首个在Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari省进行的研究，试图确定作为Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari省一部分的Lordegan乡的ICT办公室服务客户满意度的影响因素。采用比例整群随机抽样方法抽取39个农村信息通信技术办公室(作为样本单位)和272名个人(作为观察单位)。采用问卷调查法，运用相关和多元回归技术对数据进行分析。基于与中青年群体相关的回归模型，对Lordegan乡农村ICT办公室客户满意度有显著影响的变量有3个(复杂度、相对优势、受教育程度)，对老年组有显著影响，推断出兼容性变量对因变量有显著影响。结果表明，通过消除信息通信技术办公室的弱点，可以提高信息通信技术办公室的农村满意度。
{"title":"Influential Factors on Customers' Satisfaction of Rural ICT Offices: A Case Study of Lordegan Township in Iran","authors":"Bijan Khalil-Moghaddam","doi":"10.5430/SASS.V6N1P17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/SASS.V6N1P17","url":null,"abstract":"Rural ICT offices (Centers) are one of the initiatives of ICT department in Iran for fulfillment of the rural development process via ICT. Success and effectiveness of these offices depend on the customers' satisfaction regarding the received services. This paper as the one of the first studies in the field of \"customers' satisfaction of rural ICT offices\" in Iran and the first one in Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari Province attempts to identify the factors affecting customer satisfaction of ICT offices services in Lordegan Township as a part of Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari Province. The sample included 39 rural ICT offices (As sample unit) and 272 individuals (As observational unit), who were selected by proportional cluster random sampling method. Survey method was used, and the data was analyzed by correlation and multiple regression techniques. Based on the regression models related to the young and middle-aged groups, 3 variables showed to have significant impact on customers' satisfaction of rural ICT offices in Lordegan Township (Complexity, relative advantage, and educational level) and about the old group, it is deduced that the variable of compatibility has a significant impact on the dependent variable. According to the results, through removing the weaknesses of ICT offices the rural satisfaction of ICT offices can be reinforced.","PeriodicalId":369030,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Asian Social Science","volume":"229 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123302486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pension funds are an important pillar of the social security system of the country. Historically, retirement funds in the Iranian legal system have been a source of many problems, most notably financial deficits. The lack of prospects for the future and the uncertain program and unprofessional management, as a result of the lack of transparency and ineffective and sometimes contradictory laws, have all worked together to make retirement funds a problem in the country; this turmoil and turmoil situation And the inadequacies of funds in all respects have caused worries about the future. Reasons for the aging of the population and the decline in employment and ... have increased the seriousness of the crisis. The implementation of early-retirement laws in different periods, macroeconomic fluctuations, and neglect of misguided and non-normative outlooks and government roles, and largely one-way interactions with funds, are one of the most important reasons for the existence of a crisis in retirement funds In recent years. In Iran, the increase in the number of retirement funds has been caused by various programs and systems (various regulations); in the absence of comprehensive welfare and social security systems in the country, the stratification and distribution of decay and support Boxes will also be added. In this context, it is necessary to gain a comprehensive understanding of the status and legal system of the pension funds, with the study of how the administration and the status of the cost are spent, the inputs of these funds and the amount and group covered. In other words, the multiplicity of pension funds and the lack of coordination between these institutions and the lack of a single standard in them and the lack of respect for the fairness of the income received by retirees has caused dissatisfaction with this important group of society, because the type of services and range of support, also from the fund to the fund The difference is different, and this creates discrimination and increases the gap between the strata; it should be noted that the function and function of pension funds is international and the lack of attention to these funds can have serious consequences in the community. Currently, reforms to the rules and regulations of the pension funds and the management and management of these funds are important and important priorities, and the planned measures should be directed towards changing the situation and improving the efficiency and funds and optimal and wise use. Resources are maintained, with no loss or damage to retirement benefits.
{"title":"A Look at Retirement Funds in the Iranian Legal System","authors":"A. Bagheri, Mohamadreza Mojtahdi","doi":"10.5430/SASS.V6N1P28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/SASS.V6N1P28","url":null,"abstract":"Pension funds are an important pillar of the social security system of the country. Historically, retirement funds in the Iranian legal system have been a source of many problems, most notably financial deficits. The lack of prospects for the future and the uncertain program and unprofessional management, as a result of the lack of transparency and ineffective and sometimes contradictory laws, have all worked together to make retirement funds a problem in the country; this turmoil and turmoil situation And the inadequacies of funds in all respects have caused worries about the future. Reasons for the aging of the population and the decline in employment and ... have increased the seriousness of the crisis. The implementation of early-retirement laws in different periods, macroeconomic fluctuations, and neglect of misguided and non-normative outlooks and government roles, and largely one-way interactions with funds, are one of the most important reasons for the existence of a crisis in retirement funds In recent years. In Iran, the increase in the number of retirement funds has been caused by various programs and systems (various regulations); in the absence of comprehensive welfare and social security systems in the country, the stratification and distribution of decay and support Boxes will also be added. In this context, it is necessary to gain a comprehensive understanding of the status and legal system of the pension funds, with the study of how the administration and the status of the cost are spent, the inputs of these funds and the amount and group covered. In other words, the multiplicity of pension funds and the lack of coordination between these institutions and the lack of a single standard in them and the lack of respect for the fairness of the income received by retirees has caused dissatisfaction with this important group of society, because the type of services and range of support, also from the fund to the fund The difference is different, and this creates discrimination and increases the gap between the strata; it should be noted that the function and function of pension funds is international and the lack of attention to these funds can have serious consequences in the community. Currently, reforms to the rules and regulations of the pension funds and the management and management of these funds are important and important priorities, and the planned measures should be directed towards changing the situation and improving the efficiency and funds and optimal and wise use. Resources are maintained, with no loss or damage to retirement benefits.","PeriodicalId":369030,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Asian Social Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117159035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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