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THEORETICAL ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE DEFECTS IN THE COMPRESSED ZONE OF THE REINFORCED CONCRETE ELEMENTS 钢筋混凝土构件受压区缺陷的理论分析与试验研究
Pub Date : 2022-06-20 DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2022.01.094
M. Lobodanov, P. Vegera, Zinoviy Zinoviy, A. Karpushyn
Due to economic trends in the building industry, the investigation of the residual bearing capacity of reinforced concrete elements has been receiving more and more attention in recent years. Studying the effect of damage on the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete elements is one of the main themes of investigation in this field. Results of 4 reinforced concrete beams’ testing are proposed, one of which was the control one (tested without damages) and three- typically damaged in the compressed zone at different load levels. As a result, the most crucial effect was detected by the type of damage, load, and neutral axis position change. In addition, research results demonstrate an increase of 3.8% in reinforced concrete beams bearing capacity if they are damaged under the load, compared with the unloaded damaged reinforced concrete beams.
近年来,由于建筑行业的经济发展趋势,钢筋混凝土构件剩余承载力的研究越来越受到人们的重视。研究损伤对钢筋混凝土构件承载力的影响是该领域研究的主要课题之一。提出了4根钢筋混凝土梁的试验结果,其中1根为对照梁(试验无损伤),3根在不同荷载水平下受压区典型损伤。结果表明,损伤类型、载荷和中性轴位置的变化是最关键的影响因素。此外,研究结果表明,在荷载作用下发生损伤的钢筋混凝土梁的承载力比未加载损伤的钢筋混凝土梁的承载力提高了3.8%。
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引用次数: 0
EFFECT OF POLYCARBOXYLATE SUPERPLASTICIZERS ON THE PROPERTIES OF READY-MIX CONCRETE 聚羧酸型高效减水剂对预拌混凝土性能的影响
Pub Date : 2022-06-20 DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2022.01.043
Oksana Rykhlitska, Тetiana Kropyvnytska
The article analyzes the experience of using Portland limestone cement for the production of ready-mixed concretes. It is shown that polycarboxylate superplasticizers (PCE) play a decisive role in providing required technological and construction-technical properties of concrete. The data show that the most effective PCEs for maintaining the workability of the concrete mixture over time and obtaining the required strength class of concrete are РСЕ based on modified acrylic polymers. It was found that polycarboxylate superplasticizers provide a significant water-reducing effect (ΔW/C = 38%) and was achieved compressive strength class C45/55. It is shown that such concretes are characterized by its rapid strength development (fcm2/fcm28=0.54). The ready-mix concrete with PCE was used for concreting foundations of wind turbines on the wind power plant with provide the technological properties and of reduce CO2 emissions.
分析了石灰石硅酸盐水泥生产预拌混凝土的经验。研究表明,聚羧酸型高效减水剂对混凝土的工艺性能和施工技术性能具有决定性的作用。数据表明,在一段时间内保持混凝土混合料和易性并获得所需混凝土强度等级的最有效pce是基于改性丙烯酸聚合物的РСЕ。聚羧酸类高效减水剂具有显著的减水效果(ΔW/C = 38%),抗压强度等级为C45/55。结果表明,这种混凝土具有强度发展迅速的特点(fcmm2 /fcm28=0.54)。PCE预拌混凝土用于风力发电机组的基础混凝土,具有良好的工艺性能和降低CO2排放的作用。
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引用次数: 0
ANALYSIS OF WALL MATERIALS ACCORDING TO THERMAL PARAMETERS 根据热参数对墙体材料进行分析
Pub Date : 2022-06-20 DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2022.01.063
U. Marushchak, O. Pozniak
Based on the analysis of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions of the construction industry, it is stated that the reduction of energy consumption in Ukraine is achieved through termomodernization of the existing building stock and build new buildings, which meet energy efficiency requirements. Comparison of thermal parameters of different wall materials are given. It is shown that multilayer wall constructions must be used to ensure the necessary indicators of external walls of energy efficient buildings. The use of effective wall materials allows to ensure compliance with the given temperature difference to regulatory documents and reducing of heat transfer by transmission during the heating season, solar heat gains during cooling season.
根据对建筑行业的能源消耗和二氧化碳排放的分析,指出乌克兰的能源消耗的减少是通过对现有建筑存量进行现代化改造和建造符合能效要求的新建筑来实现的。对不同墙体材料的热参数进行了比较。研究表明,为了保证节能建筑外墙的必要指标,必须采用多层墙体结构。使用有效的墙体材料可以确保符合监管文件规定的温差,并减少采暖季节的热量传递,减少冷却季节的太阳能热量增益。
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引用次数: 0
MONITORING THE STATE OF THE AIR ENVIRONMENT IN THE LVIV REGION 监测利沃夫地区的空气环境状况
Pub Date : 2022-06-20 DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2022.01.049
O. Voznyak, Yuriy Yurkevych, O. Dovbush, O. Savchenko, M. Kasynets
The article presents the results of monitoring the state of the air environment of Lviv region in 2020. The main sources of pollution are identified and statistical data on emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere are given. The aim of the work is to analyze the state of the environment, natural resources of Lviv region, trends in their changes and environmental measures. Volumes of pollutant emissions from stationary sources of air pollution from enterprises, institutions and organizations of Lviv region were determined by conducting an inventory of stationary sources of pollutant emissions into the air, types and volumes of pollutant emissions into the atmosphere by stationary sources, equipment facilities of the region.
本文介绍了2020年利沃夫地区空气环境状况监测结果。确定了主要污染源,并给出了向大气排放污染物的统计数据。这项工作的目的是分析利沃夫地区的环境状况、自然资源、变化趋势和环境措施。通过对利沃夫地区的企业、事业单位和组织的固定大气污染源、固定污染源向大气排放的污染物种类和排放量、该地区的设备设施进行清查,确定了利沃夫地区的固定大气污染源的污染物排放量。
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引用次数: 0
ESIGNING OF ALKALINE ACTIVATED CEMENTING MATRIX OF ENGINEERED CEMENTITIOUS COMPOSITES 工程胶凝复合材料碱活化胶凝基质设计
Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2021.02.052
U. Marushchak, M. Sanytsky, N. Sydor, I. Margal
The development of high-performance materials, which are characterized by high compressive and flexural strength, durability and performance properties, is an urgent problem of modern construction. Engineered cementitious composites are one such material. Improving of properties of composites is achieved by partial replacement of cement with supplementary cementitious materials. The ratio of binder and filler components and superplasticizer consumption were selected. The optimal ratio of cement:fly ash:sand is 1:1:1 and the dosage of polycarboxylate superplasticizer is 0.75% by weight of the binder. The reduction of the negative impact of the increased amount of fly ash, which is characterized by low reactivity, is provided by the introduction of metakaolin and alkaline hardening activator. Alkaline activated cement system is characterized by increasing of the early strength in 1.5 times comparison with equivalent mixture without alkaline activator. Strength of alkaline activated cementing matrix after 28 days is 66.1 MPa and specific strength Rc2/Rc28 is 0.61.
高性能材料的发展,其特点是具有较高的抗压和抗弯强度,耐久性和性能性能,是一个紧迫的问题,现代建设。工程胶凝复合材料就是这样一种材料。用补充胶凝材料部分替代水泥,可以改善复合材料的性能。选择了粘结剂与填料的配比和高效减水剂用量。水泥:粉煤灰:砂的最佳配比为1:1:1,聚羧酸型高效减水剂的掺量为粘结剂重量的0.75%。偏高岭土和碱性硬化活化剂的引入,降低了粉煤灰掺量增加对反应性低的不利影响。碱性活化水泥体系的早期强度比未添加碱性活化剂的等效水泥体系提高了1.5倍。碱性活化胶凝基质28 d后强度为66.1 MPa,比强度Rc2/Rc28为0.61。
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引用次数: 0
PROSPECTS OF USING POLYMERIC MATERIALS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SOLAR COLLECTORS 高分子材料在太阳能集热器建设中的应用前景
Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2021.02.058
V. Labay, B. Piznak, Bogdan Gulai, I. Sukholova
The solar energy that reaches the Earth is free, but installations to convert solar energy into heat, as well as equipment for transporting and storage that heat, require some investment. A significant part of the components of these systems are metals. Pipelines in solar collectors and heat exchangers are made of copper, aluminum is used for the absorber and housing, and the steel is often used in heat storage tanks. One of the options to reduce the cost of solar collectors and increase their efficiency is to use polymeric materials instead of metals. The main advantages of using polymeric materials in solar thermal collectors are their cost, especially if you are taking into account the growth of the renewable energy market and rising prices for metal . The use of polymers also reduces the costs of production, transportation and installation for the user.
到达地球的太阳能是免费的,但将太阳能转化为热能的装置,以及传输和储存热能的设备,都需要一些投资。这些系统的重要组成部分是金属。太阳能集热器和热交换器中的管道由铜制成,铝用于吸收器和外壳,钢通常用于储热罐。降低太阳能集热器成本并提高其效率的选择之一是使用聚合物材料代替金属。在太阳能集热器中使用聚合物材料的主要优点是成本,特别是如果你考虑到可再生能源市场的增长和金属价格的上涨。聚合物的使用也为用户降低了生产、运输和安装的成本。
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引用次数: 0
INVESTIGATION OF THE PROCESS OF MODIFICATION OF PETROLEUM ROAD BITUMEN BY MALEIC ANHYDRIDE 马来酸酐改性石油公路沥青的工艺研究
Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2021.02.039
V. Gunka, Y. Prysiazhnyi, Y. Hrynchuk, Iurii Sidun, Yuriy Demchuk, Volodymyr Bidos, V. Reutskyy, M. Bratychak
The possibility of modification of oxidized petroleum bitumen 70/100 produced by JSC "Ukrtatnafta" (Kremenchuk, Ukraine) with maleic anhydride was studied. The influence of maleic anhydride amount, process duration, and temperature on the main physical and mechanical characteristics of modified bitumen was studied. The optimal amount of maleic anhydride introduction to bitumen was established. It is found that 2 wt. % maleic anhydride allows to increase the softening temperature of the modified bitumen (from 46 °C to 52 °C). Adhesion to crushed stone also increases (from 2.5 points to 4.5 points) and other indicators improve. Sufficient time to modify the bitumen with maleic anhydride was 30 minutes. The optimum modification temperature for obtaining the modified bitumen with maleic anhydride is 130 °C. Increasing the temperature of the modification has a negative effect on the final physical and mechanical properties of the binder.
研究了马来酸酐对乌克兰“Ukrtatnafta”公司生产的70/100氧化石油沥青进行改性的可能性。研究了马来酸酐用量、工艺时间和温度对改性沥青主要物理力学特性的影响。确定了马来酸酐在沥青中的最佳掺量。研究发现,2 wt. %的马来酸酐可以提高改性沥青的软化温度(从46℃提高到52℃)。对碎石的附着力也有所提高(从2.5分提高到4.5分),其他指标也有所改善。用马来酸酐对沥青进行改性的时间为30分钟。马来酸酐改性沥青的最佳改性温度为130℃。提高改性温度对粘结剂的最终物理力学性能有负面影响。
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引用次数: 0
THERMAL INSULATION MATERIALS BASED ON FLAX STRAW 以亚麻秸秆为基材的保温材料
Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2021.02.046
P. Novosad, O. Pozniak
The development of plant-based materials will help to solve the problems associated with the use of agricultural waste, and at the same time to get inexpensive and effective insulation materials based on environmentally friendly local raw materials. The advantages of such materials are availability, fast recovery, low cost, environmental friendliness and low thermal conductivity. In the work with the use of flax straw at a consumption of Portland cement of 150 kg per 1 m3 of concrete, thermal insulation lightweight concrete with an average density of 350 kg/m3 and a strength of 0.53 MPa was obtained. The article presents the results of research of temperature changes on the surface of external enclosing structures using the developed thermal insulation concrete based on flax straw in combination with a solar energy absorber. It is established that such a structure of an external wall provides thermal inertia of a protection within 7-7.5 hours.
植物基材料的发展将有助于解决与农业废弃物利用相关的问题,同时获得基于环保当地原材料的廉价而有效的绝缘材料。这种材料的优点是可用性好、回收快、成本低、环境友好、导热系数低。在每1 m3混凝土消耗150 kg波特兰水泥的情况下,使用亚麻秸秆,获得了平均密度为350 kg/m3,强度为0.53 MPa的保温轻质混凝土。本文介绍了研制的亚麻秸秆保温混凝土结合太阳能吸收体对围护结构表面温度变化的研究结果。已经确定,这种外墙结构在7-7.5小时内提供热惯性保护。
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引用次数: 0
REGULATION OF STRESS-DEFORMED STATE IN COMPRESSED ELEMENTS OF STEEL FRAMES 钢架压缩构件应力变形状态的调节
Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2021.02.024
Myron Hоhоl, M. Kotiv, I. Peleshko, Dmytro Sydorak
The article is devoted to the regulation of the stress-strain state in the compressed elements of steel frames under full operating load. It is proposed to perform reinforcement of such elements with different end eccentricities of load application by rational regulation of the stress-strain state in the reinforcement elements. It is shown that the use of SDS adjustment for frame racks increases their bearing capacity and reduces deformability and welds. The new proposed technology of SDS regulation and possible constructive decisions are offered. Numerical experiment revealed high efficiency of application of the proposed solutions during the reconstruction and reinforcement of the metal frame system. The implementation of the proposed method of SDS regulation confirmed its effectiveness.
本文研究了钢框架受压构件在全荷载作用下的应力-应变状态规律。提出通过合理调节配筋单元的应力-应变状态,对不同端部加载偏心的此类单元进行配筋。结果表明,采用SDS调整可以提高机架的承载能力,降低机架的变形性和焊缝。提出了新的SDS监管技术和可能的建设性决策。数值实验表明,该方法在金属框架系统的重建和加固中具有较高的应用效率。SDS监管方法的实施证实了其有效性。
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引用次数: 0
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF EXISTING CONCEPTS TO EVALUATE THE NON-FAILURE OF RC STRUCTURES IN OPERATION 对钢筋混凝土结构运行中不失效评价的现有概念进行理论分析
Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2021.02.001
R. Tytarenko, R. Khmil, I. Dankevych
The article presents a theoretical analysis of existing concepts to evaluate the non-failure of RC structures in operation. To perform the analysis, the authors considered a number of scientific works of both Ukrainian and foreign researchers. The main focus was on works in which the model of the stochastic nature of the RC structure operation included random parameters of acting loads, as well as the reserve of its bearing capacity and serviceability (geometric dimensions of cross sections of constructive members, strength and deformation characteristics of materials, etc.). Among others, according to the authors, important problems in terms of analysis of a single work were the volume of statistical selection of random parameters, their number and impact on the study result, as well as rationality of the adopted method of calculating the probability of failure (or non-failure work) of RC structure in operation. Based on the processing of a number of scientific works, the authors highlight the relevance, advantages and disadvantages of the concepts of non-failure assessment proposed there, as well as the formulate the conclusions and recommendations for further experimental and theoretical research in this area.
本文对钢筋混凝土结构运行中不失效评价的现有概念进行了理论分析。为了进行分析,作者考虑了乌克兰和外国研究人员的一些科学著作。主要关注的是RC结构运行的随机特性模型,其中包括作用荷载的随机参数,以及其承载能力和使用能力的储备(构造构件截面的几何尺寸,材料的强度和变形特性等)。其中,作者认为,就单个工程分析而言,重要的问题是随机参数的统计选择量、随机参数的数量及其对研究结果的影响,以及RC结构在运行中失效(或不失效)概率计算方法的合理性。在对一些科学著作进行整理的基础上,重点分析了非失效评价概念的相关性、优缺点,并对该领域进一步的实验和理论研究提出了结论和建议。
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引用次数: 0
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Theory and Building Practice
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