Pub Date : 2020-11-20DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2020.02.042
Volodymyr Hidei, Iurii Sidun, Oleksii Hunyak, S. Stanchak, Volodymyr Bidos
In this article the potentiality is proven for application of wastepaper sludge ash (WSA) as mineral powder for traditional hot asphalt concrete mix. For the comparative testing in this article the traditional limestone mineral powder is used. The chemical (oxide) composition of the aggregates was studied, while that was determined by means of DRON - 3.0 diffractometer. It was ascertained that CaO is present in wastepaper sludge ash in sufficient quantity, while it provides for utilization of this waste material as an aggregate for asphalt concrete. The limestone mineral powder granulometric composition was determined and the wastepaper sludge ash was grinded by ball grinder till the appropriate granulometric composition was reached. There were studied the main physical and mechanical parameters of bitumen 70/100 to be used for formation of asphalt binder in combination with the studied mineral aggregate. There were formed the following series of traditional hot asphalt concrete mix: on limestone mineral powder, on wastepaper sludge ash, on both limestone mineral powder and wastepaper sludge ash in ratio 50/50, 30/70, 20/80 (% w/w). By means of grading curves of dense-graded continuous mixes there was designed the chip-grain carcass of asphalt concrete mix. The asphalt concrete mix was designed based on the following characteristics: hot fine-grained densegraded asphalt concrete with residual porosity from 2 % to 5 %, with quantity of chip-grains sized more than 5 mm – 35-45 % and the maximum grain-size up to 15 mm. There was determined that WSA can perform as material to be used as mineral powder for asphalt concrete mixes. According to the requirements of Ukrainian standard (DSTU B V.2.7-119:2011), the asphalt concrete with WSA is of standard condition, but the water-saturation index approaches the acceptably allowed value, while in comparison with asphalt concrete with LMP – it is higher by 55%. Such result is due to the difference in oxide composition of the aggregates, namely lower content of products of calcareous rock in WSA. With combined application of limestone mineral powder and WSA in ratio 50/50, 30/70, 20/80 (% w/w) the water-saturation index decreases. As to the compression tensile strength and compression tensile strength after water-saturation, these indices on WSA are lower than on LMP just by 10%. The most efficient usage of WSA, considering the studies done, can be achieved when coupled with LMP in ratio 50/50.
{"title":"Application of wastepaper sludge ash as mineral powder for hot asphalt concrete mix","authors":"Volodymyr Hidei, Iurii Sidun, Oleksii Hunyak, S. Stanchak, Volodymyr Bidos","doi":"10.23939/jtbp2020.02.042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jtbp2020.02.042","url":null,"abstract":"In this article the potentiality is proven for application of wastepaper sludge ash (WSA) as mineral powder for traditional hot asphalt concrete mix. For the comparative testing in this article the traditional limestone mineral powder is used. The chemical (oxide) composition of the aggregates was studied, while that was determined by means of DRON - 3.0 diffractometer. It was ascertained that CaO is present in wastepaper sludge ash in sufficient quantity, while it provides for utilization of this waste material as an aggregate for asphalt concrete. The limestone mineral powder granulometric composition was determined and the wastepaper sludge ash was grinded by ball grinder till the appropriate granulometric composition was reached. There were studied the main physical and mechanical parameters of bitumen 70/100 to be used for formation of asphalt binder in combination with the studied mineral aggregate. There were formed the following series of traditional hot asphalt concrete mix: on limestone mineral powder, on wastepaper sludge ash, on both limestone mineral powder and wastepaper sludge ash in ratio 50/50, 30/70, 20/80 (% w/w). By means of grading curves of dense-graded continuous mixes there was designed the chip-grain carcass of asphalt concrete mix. The asphalt concrete mix was designed based on the following characteristics: hot fine-grained densegraded asphalt concrete with residual porosity from 2 % to 5 %, with quantity of chip-grains sized more than 5 mm – 35-45 % and the maximum grain-size up to 15 mm. There was determined that WSA can perform as material to be used as mineral powder for asphalt concrete mixes. According to the requirements of Ukrainian standard (DSTU B V.2.7-119:2011), the asphalt concrete with WSA is of standard condition, but the water-saturation index approaches the acceptably allowed value, while in comparison with asphalt concrete with LMP – it is higher by 55%. Such result is due to the difference in oxide composition of the aggregates, namely lower content of products of calcareous rock in WSA. With combined application of limestone mineral powder and WSA in ratio 50/50, 30/70, 20/80 (% w/w) the water-saturation index decreases. As to the compression tensile strength and compression tensile strength after water-saturation, these indices on WSA are lower than on LMP just by 10%. The most efficient usage of WSA, considering the studies done, can be achieved when coupled with LMP in ratio 50/50.","PeriodicalId":369033,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Building Practice","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121692407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-20DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2020.02.099
Y. Blikharskyy
This article presents results of a theoretical study of reinforced concrete beams with damaged reinforcement. The change of micro-hardness of a reinforcing rebar’s with a diameter of 20 mm of A500C steel in the radial direction is investigated and the thickness of the heat-strengthened layer is established. It is established that the thickness of the thermo-strengthened steel layer of the reinforcing bar with a diameter of 20 mm of A500C is approximately 3 mm. It is shown that the strength characteristics of this layer are on 50% higher compared to the core material of the rebar, while the plasticity characteristics are lower. The aim of the work is to determine the strength and deformability of reinforced concrete structures without damaging the reinforcement and in case of damage. Determining the impact of changes in the physical characteristics of reinforcement on the damage of reinforced concrete structures, according to the calculation to the valid norms, in accordance with the deformation model. To achieve the goal of the work, theoretical calculations of reinforced concrete beams were performed according to the deformation model, according to valid norms. This technique uses nonlinear strain diagrams of concrete and rebar and is based on an iterative method. According to the research program 3 beam samples were calculated. Among them were undamaged control sample with single load bearing reinforcement of ∅20 mm diameter – BC-1; sample with ∅20 mm reinforcement with damages about 40% without changes in the physical and mechanical properties of reinforcement – BD-2 and sample with ∅20 mm reinforcement with damages about 40% with changes in the physical and mechanical properties of reinforcement – BD-3. The influence of change of physical and mechanical characteristics of rebar’s on bearing capacity of the damaged reinforced concrete beams is established.
本文介绍了钢筋混凝土损伤梁的理论研究结果。研究了直径为20mm的A500C钢钢筋径向显微硬度的变化规律，确定了热强化层厚度。确定了直径为20mm的A500C钢筋的热强化钢层厚度约为3mm。结果表明，该层的强度特性比钢筋芯材高50%以上，而塑性特性较低。该工作的目的是确定钢筋混凝土结构的强度和变形能力，而不损坏钢筋和在损坏情况下。确定钢筋物理特性的变化对钢筋混凝土结构损伤的影响，根据有效规范，按照变形模型进行计算。为实现本文的工作目标，根据变形模型和有效规范对钢筋混凝土梁进行了理论计算。该技术使用混凝土和钢筋的非线性应变图，并基于迭代方法。按照研究方案计算了3个梁样。其中为未破损对照样品，单载配筋φ 20 mm - BC-1;∅20 mm钢筋，破损约40%，钢筋- BD-2的物理力学性能不变;∅20 mm钢筋，破损约40%，钢筋- BD-3的物理力学性能不变。建立了钢筋物理力学特性变化对损伤钢筋混凝土梁承载力的影响。
{"title":"Calculation of damage RC constructions according to deformation model","authors":"Y. Blikharskyy","doi":"10.23939/jtbp2020.02.099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jtbp2020.02.099","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents results of a theoretical study of reinforced concrete beams with damaged reinforcement. The change of micro-hardness of a reinforcing rebar’s with a diameter of 20 mm of A500C steel in the radial direction is investigated and the thickness of the heat-strengthened layer is established. It is established that the thickness of the thermo-strengthened steel layer of the reinforcing bar with a diameter of 20 mm of A500C is approximately 3 mm. It is shown that the strength characteristics of this layer are on 50% higher compared to the core material of the rebar, while the plasticity characteristics are lower. The aim of the work is to determine the strength and deformability of reinforced concrete structures without damaging the reinforcement and in case of damage. Determining the impact of changes in the physical characteristics of reinforcement on the damage of reinforced concrete structures, according to the calculation to the valid norms, in accordance with the deformation model. To achieve the goal of the work, theoretical calculations of reinforced concrete beams were performed according to the deformation model, according to valid norms. This technique uses nonlinear strain diagrams of concrete and rebar and is based on an iterative method. According to the research program 3 beam samples were calculated. Among them were undamaged control sample with single load bearing reinforcement of ∅20 mm diameter – BC-1; sample with ∅20 mm reinforcement with damages about 40% without changes in the physical and mechanical properties of reinforcement – BD-2 and sample with ∅20 mm reinforcement with damages about 40% with changes in the physical and mechanical properties of reinforcement – BD-3. The influence of change of physical and mechanical characteristics of rebar’s on bearing capacity of the damaged reinforced concrete beams is established.","PeriodicalId":369033,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Building Practice","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122859985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-20DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2020.02.077
O. Voznyak, Khrystyna Myroniuk, I. Sukholova, O. Dovbush, M. Kasynets
The article presents the results of theoretical research on obtaining of the maximum profit by the installation and procurement company in the manufacture and sale of pipe billets for the installation of ventilation systems in the production premise. Graphical and analytical dependences are given. The results of research substantiate the receipt of the maximum profit in the manufacture and sale of the ventilation pipe billets of the different diameters by the installation and procurement enterprise. The purpose of the work is to increase the efficiency of ventilation system installationin production facilities, to determine the maximum profit for the installation and procurement company in the manufacture and sale of pipe billets of the different diameters of ventilation system in the presence of several restrictions on materials and manpower, identify ways to improve installation of ventilation system in production facilities of small volume and justification of the calculation method. Quantitative characteristics of the objective function under given initial conditions are established. The calculated dependences for determining the parameters of the objective function are obtained. The obtained results allow to determine the optimal parameters of the values at the given restrictions on materials and labor intensity of production. The maximum profit in the manufacture and sale of ventilation pipe billets of different diameters by the procurement and installation company is determined. Using of the graphical method and the simplex method to determine the required parameters can significantly increase the efficiency criteria for procurement and installation work and thus reduce the amount of labor and material consumption for the manufacture and installation of ventilation systems.
{"title":"Increase of ventilation systems procurement and installation works efficiency","authors":"O. Voznyak, Khrystyna Myroniuk, I. Sukholova, O. Dovbush, M. Kasynets","doi":"10.23939/jtbp2020.02.077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jtbp2020.02.077","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of theoretical research on obtaining of the maximum profit by the installation and procurement company in the manufacture and sale of pipe billets for the installation of ventilation systems in the production premise. Graphical and analytical dependences are given. The results of research substantiate the receipt of the maximum profit in the manufacture and sale of the ventilation pipe billets of the different diameters by the installation and procurement enterprise. The purpose of the work is to increase the efficiency of ventilation system installationin production facilities, to determine the maximum profit for the installation and procurement company in the manufacture and sale of pipe billets of the different diameters of ventilation system in the presence of several restrictions on materials and manpower, identify ways to improve installation of ventilation system in production facilities of small volume and justification of the calculation method. Quantitative characteristics of the objective function under given initial conditions are established. The calculated dependences for determining the parameters of the objective function are obtained. The obtained results allow to determine the optimal parameters of the values at the given restrictions on materials and labor intensity of production. The maximum profit in the manufacture and sale of ventilation pipe billets of different diameters by the procurement and installation company is determined. Using of the graphical method and the simplex method to determine the required parameters can significantly increase the efficiency criteria for procurement and installation work and thus reduce the amount of labor and material consumption for the manufacture and installation of ventilation systems.","PeriodicalId":369033,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Building Practice","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115662123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-20DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2020.02.028
B. Demchyna, L. Vozniuk
This article is devoted to the problems of the existing residential buildings of 70-80 years of construction of the last century, which have been in operation for about 50 years and are subject to immediate technical inspection. The most important factor for the safe operation of such buildings is the quality of construction, as in this period the construction was performed with many shortcomings that are manifested today. The article describes the problem of joints of loggias with the building in the design and construction of multi-storey buildings with load-bearing brick walls. Poor ligation of bricks in the masonry, as well as the lack of quality ligation of the transverse walls of loggias with load-bearing longitudinal walls of the building leads to the formation of cracks on the entire height of the loggias, which completely cut them at the abutment, which creates an emergency collapse of building structures. A real example of such a problem in the existing 9-storey building with brick load-bearing walls, where the shortcomings of construction were manifested, namely the poor quality of masonry at the junction of loggias to the load-bearing walls of the building. The structural scheme is also described, as well as the main structures of the building. The main damages and defects are shown. Using the PC "LIRA-SAPR" created a calculation model and compared the results of calculations with the existing condition of the considered area of the building. Recommendations for strengthening the emergency section of the building are given.
{"title":"Emergency condition of loggies in buildings with supporting brick walls","authors":"B. Demchyna, L. Vozniuk","doi":"10.23939/jtbp2020.02.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jtbp2020.02.028","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to the problems of the existing residential buildings of 70-80 years of construction of the last century, which have been in operation for about 50 years and are subject to immediate technical inspection. The most important factor for the safe operation of such buildings is the quality of construction, as in this period the construction was performed with many shortcomings that are manifested today. The article describes the problem of joints of loggias with the building in the design and construction of multi-storey buildings with load-bearing brick walls. Poor ligation of bricks in the masonry, as well as the lack of quality ligation of the transverse walls of loggias with load-bearing longitudinal walls of the building leads to the formation of cracks on the entire height of the loggias, which completely cut them at the abutment, which creates an emergency collapse of building structures. A real example of such a problem in the existing 9-storey building with brick load-bearing walls, where the shortcomings of construction were manifested, namely the poor quality of masonry at the junction of loggias to the load-bearing walls of the building. The structural scheme is also described, as well as the main structures of the building. The main damages and defects are shown. Using the PC \"LIRA-SAPR\" created a calculation model and compared the results of calculations with the existing condition of the considered area of the building. Recommendations for strengthening the emergency section of the building are given.","PeriodicalId":369033,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Building Practice","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122002798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-20DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2020.02.069
V. Iliv, Khrystyna-Dzvenyslava Iliv
Production of foam concrete products and monolithic concreting from them requires foaming agents that have the properties of the obtained foam with a sufficient value of its criteria (multiplicity of foaming, stability of foam for a certain period of time); its compatibility with Portland cement and its hydration products; with hydrated lime, etc. Insufficient properties of the foam can be compensated by the introduction of corrective and stabilizing additives. Although the studied foaming agents are not always environmentally friendly products, but their low concentration in foam concrete creates a precedent for their indispensability in the production process. The investigated foaming agents practically do not differ in multiplicity and stability at their use in 1% solution. The best technological properties are inherent in the foam obtained from the foaming agent of the PEAS brand. The introduction of the additive partially increases the multiplicity and stability of the foam. In addition, it acts as an accelerator of the set of strength on the hardening of foam concrete, which increases the reversibility of metal molds and accelerates the load of the monolith. It was found that foam concrete compositions that do not contain additives are mainly prone to delamination and shrinkage, so in the manufacture of samples from them, much attention was paid to the quality of the obtained samples. This indicates that the additive is not only a foam stabilizer, it also stabilizes the foam concrete mixtures obtained on their basis.
{"title":"Research of foam formers and concrete on their basis for production of products of non-autoclave hardening and monolithic concrete","authors":"V. Iliv, Khrystyna-Dzvenyslava Iliv","doi":"10.23939/jtbp2020.02.069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jtbp2020.02.069","url":null,"abstract":"Production of foam concrete products and monolithic concreting from them requires foaming agents that have the properties of the obtained foam with a sufficient value of its criteria (multiplicity of foaming, stability of foam for a certain period of time); its compatibility with Portland cement and its hydration products; with hydrated lime, etc. Insufficient properties of the foam can be compensated by the introduction of corrective and stabilizing additives. Although the studied foaming agents are not always environmentally friendly products, but their low concentration in foam concrete creates a precedent for their indispensability in the production process. The investigated foaming agents practically do not differ in multiplicity and stability at their use in 1% solution. The best technological properties are inherent in the foam obtained from the foaming agent of the PEAS brand. The introduction of the additive partially increases the multiplicity and stability of the foam. In addition, it acts as an accelerator of the set of strength on the hardening of foam concrete, which increases the reversibility of metal molds and accelerates the load of the monolith. It was found that foam concrete compositions that do not contain additives are mainly prone to delamination and shrinkage, so in the manufacture of samples from them, much attention was paid to the quality of the obtained samples. This indicates that the additive is not only a foam stabilizer, it also stabilizes the foam concrete mixtures obtained on their basis.","PeriodicalId":369033,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Building Practice","volume":"3 4, Supplement 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116788605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-28DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2020.02.092
O. Voznyak, Yuriy Yurkevych, I. Sukholova, O. Dovbush, M. Kasynets
The article presents the results of theoretical research to achieve the maximum effect in determination of the economically feasible level of buildings thermal protection. It must be optimal both thermally and economically, an indicator of which there are the costs. Graphical and analytical dependences are given. The research results substantiate the maximum effect when different thermal insulating materials are used. The aim is to increase the efficiency of energy saving measures, reduce their cost by optimizing the cost of thermal energy and insulating materials, determining the optimization criteria and justification for choice the optimal insulating material and its thickness, and determining the optimal thermal resistance, identifying ways to improve energy efficiency and substantiation of the calculation method. One of the most common thermal renovation measures, namely insulation of external walls, is considered. An economic assessment has been conducted, which is an important factor in a certain energy-saving proposition. The solution of the problem is presented, which includes two stages. The result of the first stage is the selection of the optimal heat-insulating material. The second stage is a substantiation of economically expedient thickness of the heatinsulating material. The obtained results make it possible to increase the efficiency of energy saving in thermal renovation of buildings taking into account both energy and economic aspects. In this paper the results of mathematical provement of such factor importance as the thermally conductive cost of the heat-insulating material at their thickness optimization are presented. Determining for the establishment of the normative thermal resistance in the future is the ratio of the cost of thermal energy to the thermal conductivity of the insulating material.
{"title":"Thermally conductive cost of the heat-insulating materials","authors":"O. Voznyak, Yuriy Yurkevych, I. Sukholova, O. Dovbush, M. Kasynets","doi":"10.23939/jtbp2020.02.092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jtbp2020.02.092","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of theoretical research to achieve the maximum effect in determination of the economically feasible level of buildings thermal protection. It must be optimal both thermally and economically, an indicator of which there are the costs. Graphical and analytical dependences are given. The research results substantiate the maximum effect when different thermal insulating materials are used. The aim is to increase the efficiency of energy saving measures, reduce their cost by optimizing the cost of thermal energy and insulating materials, determining the optimization criteria and justification for choice the optimal insulating material and its thickness, and determining the optimal thermal resistance, identifying ways to improve energy efficiency and substantiation of the calculation method. One of the most common thermal renovation measures, namely insulation of external walls, is considered. An economic assessment has been conducted, which is an important factor in a certain energy-saving proposition. The solution of the problem is presented, which includes two stages. The result of the first stage is the selection of the optimal heat-insulating material. The second stage is a substantiation of economically expedient thickness of the heatinsulating material. The obtained results make it possible to increase the efficiency of energy saving in thermal renovation of buildings taking into account both energy and economic aspects. In this paper the results of mathematical provement of such factor importance as the thermally conductive cost of the heat-insulating material at their thickness optimization are presented. Determining for the establishment of the normative thermal resistance in the future is the ratio of the cost of thermal energy to the thermal conductivity of the insulating material.","PeriodicalId":369033,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Building Practice","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130074293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-15DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2020.01.057
V. Iliv, Yarema Iliv, M. Gogol
The authors of the article have developed experimental waterproofing liquids 1 K, 2 K, 1 N and 2 N, based on GKZh-11N and GKZh-11K and possess the necessary technical properties. These liquids are ready-to-use solutions for hydrophobization and silicatization based on hydrophobic silicon compounds. They hydrophobize and narrow or cover the capillary structure in concrete, brick and stone masonry. The overlap of the capillary structure is caused by the interaction with the lime to form insoluble chemical compounds that stop capillary absorption. Liquids are used where it is necessary to stop the capillary suction of water by creating an internal hydrophobic effect and narrowing or closing the capillaries. Use the fluid to create a horizontal waterproofing barrier when repairing old buildings in the presence of lime in the masonry. The horizontal shutter with 1 K, 2 K, 1 N and 2 N materials can only be used in the absence of water load, ie where there is no water outlet. For waterproofing in conditions of hydrostatic pressure it is necessary to use waterproofing coatings made of polymer-cement materials. For these liquids, technical guidelines have been developed that apply to experimental waterproofing aqueous silicone solutions designed to create or restore horizontal waterproofing from capillary moisture by injection of self-fill into pre-drilled wall openings or under pressure. It is possible to use liquids for re-waterproofing basements or other damp walls from the middle by the method of silicizing layers, followed by plastering (plastering, seamless floors, slabs) and for hydrophobic treatment of wall surfaces in damp rooms with freshly applied slicks or bricks.
{"title":"TECHNOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF THE USE OF SILICON ORGANIC LIQUIDS TO OBTAIN OR RESTORE THE HORIZONTAL WATERPROOFING OF THE WALLS","authors":"V. Iliv, Yarema Iliv, M. Gogol","doi":"10.23939/jtbp2020.01.057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jtbp2020.01.057","url":null,"abstract":"The authors of the article have developed experimental waterproofing liquids 1 K, 2 K, 1 N and 2 N, based on GKZh-11N and GKZh-11K and possess the necessary technical properties. These liquids are ready-to-use solutions for hydrophobization and silicatization based on hydrophobic silicon compounds. They hydrophobize and narrow or cover the capillary structure in concrete, brick and stone masonry. The overlap of the capillary structure is caused by the interaction with the lime to form insoluble chemical compounds that stop capillary absorption. Liquids are used where it is necessary to stop the capillary suction of water by creating an internal hydrophobic effect and narrowing or closing the capillaries. Use the fluid to create a horizontal waterproofing barrier when repairing old buildings in the presence of lime in the masonry. The horizontal shutter with 1 K, 2 K, 1 N and 2 N materials can only be used in the absence of water load, ie where there is no water outlet. For waterproofing in conditions of hydrostatic pressure it is necessary to use waterproofing coatings made of polymer-cement materials. For these liquids, technical guidelines have been developed that apply to experimental waterproofing aqueous silicone solutions designed to create or restore horizontal waterproofing from capillary moisture by injection of self-fill into pre-drilled wall openings or under pressure. It is possible to use liquids for re-waterproofing basements or other damp walls from the middle by the method of silicizing layers, followed by plastering (plastering, seamless floors, slabs) and for hydrophobic treatment of wall surfaces in damp rooms with freshly applied slicks or bricks.","PeriodicalId":369033,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Building Practice","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125367992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-15DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2020.01.023
V. Labay, V. Yaroslav, O. Dovbush, A. Tsizda
In the face of growing shortages and rising prices for fuel and energy resources, the problem of energy conservation and the use of alternative energy sources to solve the problem of reducing energy consumption for the Ukrainian economy become very important. Today, the use of air splitconditioner heat pumps in buildings' heating systems is becoming more common. Therefore, the improvement of the design and operation of power equipment to which air split-conditioner heat pumps (“air-air”) are related is related to a detailed study of their operation and an objective assessment of their degree of energy perfection, which can only be determined on the basis of analysis their exergy efficiency. This made it possible to substantiate the relevance of such a research task due to the insufficient information on the operating modes related to the influence of air flows on the condenser and evaporator on the corresponding condensation and evaporation pressures and the exergetic efficiency of the use of air split-conditioners. For this article it was used the author's innovation mathematical model to analysis of the operation of one-step freon heat pumps, which are used in air split-conditioners, according to the exergetic method. The dependence of condensation and evaporation pressures and exergetic output-input ratio (OIR) on the example of „Mitsubishi Electric” firm air split-conditioner heat pump with the nominal heating capacity of 3067 W under the standard external temperature conditions on the refrigerant R32 was determined from the condenser and evaporator air flows.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF THE CONDENSER AND EVAPORATOR AIR FLOWS ON THE CONDENSATION AND EVAPORATION PRESSURES OF AIR SPLIT-CONDITIONERS HEAT PUMPS","authors":"V. Labay, V. Yaroslav, O. Dovbush, A. Tsizda","doi":"10.23939/jtbp2020.01.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jtbp2020.01.023","url":null,"abstract":"In the face of growing shortages and rising prices for fuel and energy resources, the problem of energy conservation and the use of alternative energy sources to solve the problem of reducing energy consumption for the Ukrainian economy become very important. Today, the use of air splitconditioner heat pumps in buildings' heating systems is becoming more common. Therefore, the improvement of the design and operation of power equipment to which air split-conditioner heat pumps (“air-air”) are related is related to a detailed study of their operation and an objective assessment of their degree of energy perfection, which can only be determined on the basis of analysis their exergy efficiency. This made it possible to substantiate the relevance of such a research task due to the insufficient information on the operating modes related to the influence of air flows on the condenser and evaporator on the corresponding condensation and evaporation pressures and the exergetic efficiency of the use of air split-conditioners. For this article it was used the author's innovation mathematical model to analysis of the operation of one-step freon heat pumps, which are used in air split-conditioners, according to the exergetic method. The dependence of condensation and evaporation pressures and exergetic output-input ratio (OIR) on the example of „Mitsubishi Electric” firm air split-conditioner heat pump with the nominal heating capacity of 3067 W under the standard external temperature conditions on the refrigerant R32 was determined from the condenser and evaporator air flows.","PeriodicalId":369033,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Building Practice","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121645439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-15DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2020.01.051
O. Voznyak, M. Kasynets, K. Kozak, I. Sukholova, O. Dovbush
An important priority of Ukraine's economic policy is the careful use of energy. The country has a broad-based energy efficiency policy, and energy efficiency is complex, covering both the legislative framework and technical innovations. One of the effective ways to reduce energy costs for the needs of the national economy is to carry out thermal modernization of the heating system. In this article economic indicators of thermal sanitary measures during reconstruction of the heating system of the object are given. In the reconstruction of the heating system, the following thermal renewal measures were adopted for comparison: installation of the solar roof, reconstruction of the heating system and installation of the heating air solar system. The purpose of this work is to establish the economic indicators of the thermal renovation measures in the reconstruction of the heating system of an apartment building using a solar roof at the different values of discount index. The use of modern methods of evaluating the cost-effectiveness of thermal modernization is taken into account in the latest concept of economic calculations, in particular the recommendation of United Nations Industrial Development Organization. Energy audit of the heating system was carried out taking into account the different values of discount index r . There were optimized the thermal renewal variants taking into account the different values of discount index was carried out. Using of the solar roof gives a possibility to design of effective energy-saving heating systems in the buildings. Solar air heating system has a high value of the simple payback time, but it is useful as aggregate energy saving variant and provides economic effect.
{"title":"THERMAL MODERNIZATION OF HEATING SYSTEM BY USING THE SOLAR ROOF","authors":"O. Voznyak, M. Kasynets, K. Kozak, I. Sukholova, O. Dovbush","doi":"10.23939/jtbp2020.01.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jtbp2020.01.051","url":null,"abstract":"An important priority of Ukraine's economic policy is the careful use of energy. The country has a broad-based energy efficiency policy, and energy efficiency is complex, covering both the legislative framework and technical innovations. One of the effective ways to reduce energy costs for the needs of the national economy is to carry out thermal modernization of the heating system. In this article economic indicators of thermal sanitary measures during reconstruction of the heating system of the object are given. In the reconstruction of the heating system, the following thermal renewal measures were adopted for comparison: installation of the solar roof, reconstruction of the heating system and installation of the heating air solar system. The purpose of this work is to establish the economic indicators of the thermal renovation measures in the reconstruction of the heating system of an apartment building using a solar roof at the different values of discount index. The use of modern methods of evaluating the cost-effectiveness of thermal modernization is taken into account in the latest concept of economic calculations, in particular the recommendation of United Nations Industrial Development Organization. Energy audit of the heating system was carried out taking into account the different values of discount index r . There were optimized the thermal renewal variants taking into account the different values of discount index was carried out. Using of the solar roof gives a possibility to design of effective energy-saving heating systems in the buildings. Solar air heating system has a high value of the simple payback time, but it is useful as aggregate energy saving variant and provides economic effect.","PeriodicalId":369033,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Building Practice","volume":"355 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115957823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-15DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2020.01.030
S. Shapoval, V. Zhelykh, Iryna Venhryn, Khrystyna Myroniuk, M. Gensetskyi
The work describes the prospects for the development of solar energy in Ukraine. Interest in the effective use of solar radiation by solar collectors justifies the relevance and expediency of research on the problem of using such energy in them. It is analyzed that solar energy remains a promising direction for generating thermal energy due to: the increased volume of solar radiation entering the territory of Ukraine and the wear or tear of technological equipment running on traditional organic fuel. Also, if taking into account the trend of building glass facades in the field of construction, in the work proposed solar collector which was integrated into the light transparent facade of the building. The solar collector model was developed for the purpose of in order to save space where solar collectors should be installed and to save fossil fuels. The temperature at the outlet of the solar collector reached 22.9 °C according to the intensity of the simulated solar radiation of 900 W/m, which fell on the absorbing surface of the solar collector. Comparing the changes in the instantaneous power of the solar collector QSC, W/m, it was found that at 60 minutes of the experiment was greater than 250 W/m under the intensity of the simulated solar radiation of 900 W/m. The efficiency of the experimental solar collector reached ≈33% in the direct heat carrier mode in the system according to the intensity of the simulated solar radiation. It was established, that the proposed solar collector in the mode of direct heat carrier was the effective source of low potential heat supply under intensities which could correspond to the power of solar radiation at summer time of the year. The promising direction for further research will be the efficiency establishing of the collector under simulated intensities of the solar radiation and other modes of operation of the heat carrier.
{"title":"EXAMINATION OF THE THERMAL EFFICIENCY OF THE SOLAR COLLECTOR INTEGRATED INTO THE LIGHT TRANSPARENT BUILDING FACADE","authors":"S. Shapoval, V. Zhelykh, Iryna Venhryn, Khrystyna Myroniuk, M. Gensetskyi","doi":"10.23939/jtbp2020.01.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jtbp2020.01.030","url":null,"abstract":"The work describes the prospects for the development of solar energy in Ukraine. Interest in the effective use of solar radiation by solar collectors justifies the relevance and expediency of research on the problem of using such energy in them. It is analyzed that solar energy remains a promising direction for generating thermal energy due to: the increased volume of solar radiation entering the territory of Ukraine and the wear or tear of technological equipment running on traditional organic fuel. Also, if taking into account the trend of building glass facades in the field of construction, in the work proposed solar collector which was integrated into the light transparent facade of the building. The solar collector model was developed for the purpose of in order to save space where solar collectors should be installed and to save fossil fuels. The temperature at the outlet of the solar collector reached 22.9 °C according to the intensity of the simulated solar radiation of 900 W/m, which fell on the absorbing surface of the solar collector. Comparing the changes in the instantaneous power of the solar collector QSC, W/m, it was found that at 60 minutes of the experiment was greater than 250 W/m under the intensity of the simulated solar radiation of 900 W/m. The efficiency of the experimental solar collector reached ≈33% in the direct heat carrier mode in the system according to the intensity of the simulated solar radiation. It was established, that the proposed solar collector in the mode of direct heat carrier was the effective source of low potential heat supply under intensities which could correspond to the power of solar radiation at summer time of the year. The promising direction for further research will be the efficiency establishing of the collector under simulated intensities of the solar radiation and other modes of operation of the heat carrier.","PeriodicalId":369033,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Building Practice","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122644740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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