Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2021.02.007
Ihor Popadiuk, I. Matlai, B. Pitsyshyn, Taras Sydor
The article is devoted to the unsatisfactory operation of biological wastewater treatment plants. At present in Ukraine there are no developments of equipment and devices to ensure the operation of treatment facilities using the technology of nitridenitrification of deep wastewater treatment from nitrogen and phosphorus compounds. The analysis of the equipment of biological treatment systems - nitri treatment plant - denitrifier, clarifier tanks is carried out. At the same time, the standards of the degree of purification of both Ukraine and the European Union were taken into account. On the example of treatment facilities in Kolomyia, Ivano-Frankovsk region, modern schemes of biological wastewater treatment for the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus have been proposed, namely, the re-equipment of single-corridor aerotanks into bioreactors of nitridenitrifiers by creating zones with different oxygen conditions in their volume.
{"title":"INNOVATIVE METHOD OF NITRIFICATION AND DENITRIFICATION ON THE EXAMPLE OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT OF KOLOMYIA","authors":"Ihor Popadiuk, I. Matlai, B. Pitsyshyn, Taras Sydor","doi":"10.23939/jtbp2021.02.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jtbp2021.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the unsatisfactory operation of biological wastewater treatment plants. At present in Ukraine there are no developments of equipment and devices to ensure the operation of treatment facilities using the technology of nitridenitrification of deep wastewater treatment from nitrogen and phosphorus compounds. The analysis of the equipment of biological treatment systems - nitri treatment plant - denitrifier, clarifier tanks is carried out. At the same time, the standards of the degree of purification of both Ukraine and the European Union were taken into account. On the example of treatment facilities in Kolomyia, Ivano-Frankovsk region, modern schemes of biological wastewater treatment for the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus have been proposed, namely, the re-equipment of single-corridor aerotanks into bioreactors of nitridenitrifiers by creating zones with different oxygen conditions in their volume.","PeriodicalId":369033,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Building Practice","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122312959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2021.02.032
V. Orel, B. Pitsyshyn, Tetiana Konyk
The sizes of the vortex region before the axisymmetric sudden contraction of the circular pipe at the Newtonian flow have been investigated. Area ratios 0.250 and 0.500 were considered. The sizes of the vortex region have the extreme dependence with a maximum at the transition of the laminar flow into a turbulent flow one. When the Reynolds number at the laminar flow increase, these sizes also increase, and they decrease at the turbulent flow. In both cases, the sizes of the vortex region are proportional to the Reynolds number. A transition region between laminar flow and turbulent flow lies in the range of the Reynolds number from 3000 to 5300 and 750…1300, determined by the diameter of a bigger pipe of sudden expansion and a step height correspondingly
{"title":"HYDRODYNAMICAL INSTABILITY OF NEWTONIAN FLOW BEFORE AN AXISYMMETRIC SUDDEN CONTRACTION","authors":"V. Orel, B. Pitsyshyn, Tetiana Konyk","doi":"10.23939/jtbp2021.02.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jtbp2021.02.032","url":null,"abstract":"The sizes of the vortex region before the axisymmetric sudden contraction of the circular pipe at the Newtonian flow have been investigated. Area ratios 0.250 and 0.500 were considered. The sizes of the vortex region have the extreme dependence with a maximum at the transition of the laminar flow into a turbulent flow one. When the Reynolds number at the laminar flow increase, these sizes also increase, and they decrease at the turbulent flow. In both cases, the sizes of the vortex region are proportional to the Reynolds number. A transition region between laminar flow and turbulent flow lies in the range of the Reynolds number from 3000 to 5300 and 750…1300, determined by the diameter of a bigger pipe of sudden expansion and a step height correspondingly","PeriodicalId":369033,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Building Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129069560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2021.02.082
V. Zhelykh, Y. Furdas, S. Shapoval, O. Savchenko, V. Shepitchak
Ukraine has significant land resources for agriculture and is able to provide its population not only with food but also with raw materials for bioenergy. The article presents a graph of heat capacities and the distribution of heat flows in a bioreactor. The dependences for determining the heat fluxes of flat and cylindrical surfaces are presented. The article outlines the present state of utilization of fallen leaves of trees. The method of utilization by anaerobic fermentation is proposed. The design of bioreactors and the main factors influencing the methane formation process are considered. The methodology for calculating the biogas production process is presented. The productivity of the bioreactor has been determined, depending on the temperature of the raw material and the time of hydraulic resistance
{"title":"ENERGY SAVING OF MODULAR BUILDINGS WITH THE HELP OF BIOGAS TECHNOLOGIES","authors":"V. Zhelykh, Y. Furdas, S. Shapoval, O. Savchenko, V. Shepitchak","doi":"10.23939/jtbp2021.02.082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jtbp2021.02.082","url":null,"abstract":"Ukraine has significant land resources for agriculture and is able to provide its population not only with food but also with raw materials for bioenergy. The article presents a graph of heat capacities and the distribution of heat flows in a bioreactor. The dependences for determining the heat fluxes of flat and cylindrical surfaces are presented. The article outlines the present state of utilization of fallen leaves of trees. The method of utilization by anaerobic fermentation is proposed. The design of bioreactors and the main factors influencing the methane formation process are considered. The methodology for calculating the biogas production process is presented. The productivity of the bioreactor has been determined, depending on the temperature of the raw material and the time of hydraulic resistance","PeriodicalId":369033,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Building Practice","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128213978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2021.02.076
S. Bula, Mariana Kholod, N. Viter
This article presents the analysis of obtained experimental results for the study of masonry columns which have been strengthened by GFRP confinement after high-level axial compression loading. Ceramic hollow-brick middle-scale models were investigated regarding assumed testing program. The basics of experimental studies were briefly described in the paper. Theoretical study was performed to compare experimental and theoretical values. Such numerical analysis helps to evaluate the possibility to use the existing standard`s approaches for calculating bearing capacity of strengthened by GFRP jacketing ceramic brick columns which were subjected to the high axial loading. Theoretical results areratheraligned with experimental data. Some conclusions were provided in terms of usability the analytical model provided standards and other scientists. Addressing to the further investigation and research problems were performed.
{"title":"NUMERICAL ANALYSIS FOR COMPRESSED CERAMIC HOLLOW BRICK MASONRY COLUMNS STRENGTHENED WITH GFRP MESHES","authors":"S. Bula, Mariana Kholod, N. Viter","doi":"10.23939/jtbp2021.02.076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jtbp2021.02.076","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the analysis of obtained experimental results for the study of masonry columns which have been strengthened by GFRP confinement after high-level axial compression loading. Ceramic hollow-brick middle-scale models were investigated regarding assumed testing program. The basics of experimental studies were briefly described in the paper. Theoretical study was performed to compare experimental and theoretical values. Such numerical analysis helps to evaluate the possibility to use the existing standard`s approaches for calculating bearing capacity of strengthened by GFRP jacketing ceramic brick columns which were subjected to the high axial loading. Theoretical results areratheraligned with experimental data. Some conclusions were provided in terms of usability the analytical model provided standards and other scientists. Addressing to the further investigation and research problems were performed.","PeriodicalId":369033,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Building Practice","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130912728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2021.02.017
O. Voznyak, Yurii Yurkevych, Khrystyna Myroniuk, I. Sukholova, O. Dovbush
The article is devoted to solving the urgent problem of increasing the efficiency of linking sections in the hydraulic calculation of pipeline systems to reduce the material and energy consumption of the system as a whole. The aim of the work is to create an effective method of hydraulic linking of sections of pipelines of microclimate support systems, namely the "two-diameter method" and the establishment of analytical calculations, provided that a meager percentage of the inconsistency of parallel sections. Graphical and analytical dependences on basis of conducted theoretical calculations are presented. Analytical calculation dependences have been established under the condition of achieving a negligible percentage of in consistency of parallel sections. An effective method of hydraulic and aerodynamic linking of parallel sections of pipeline systems has been developed, namely the "two-diameter method".
{"title":"TWO DIAMETERS METHOD FOR BINDING SITES IN HYDRAULIC CALCULATION OF PIPELINE SYSTEMS","authors":"O. Voznyak, Yurii Yurkevych, Khrystyna Myroniuk, I. Sukholova, O. Dovbush","doi":"10.23939/jtbp2021.02.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jtbp2021.02.017","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to solving the urgent problem of increasing the efficiency of linking sections in the hydraulic calculation of pipeline systems to reduce the material and energy consumption of the system as a whole. The aim of the work is to create an effective method of hydraulic linking of sections of pipelines of microclimate support systems, namely the \"two-diameter method\" and the establishment of analytical calculations, provided that a meager percentage of the inconsistency of parallel sections. Graphical and analytical dependences on basis of conducted theoretical calculations are presented. Analytical calculation dependences have been established under the condition of achieving a negligible percentage of in consistency of parallel sections. An effective method of hydraulic and aerodynamic linking of parallel sections of pipeline systems has been developed, namely the \"two-diameter method\".","PeriodicalId":369033,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Building Practice","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132438927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2021.02.067
Y. Blikharskyy, N. Kopiika
In order to obtain reliable information about the stress-strain state of the structure, subjected to loading, it is necessary to determine deformations` distribution. In some cases, it is almost impossible to assess stress-strain state with the traditional approaches. However, the DIC methods provide reliable information about the fields of displacement and deformation almost without limitations. Such approaches are rather effective for determination of the stress-strain state on smooth surfaces and in zones with stress concentrators. The DIC method is based on the comparison of the intensity of speckle pictures` distribution of optically rough surfaces. The combination of the intensities of correlation peaks with the corresponding calculation algorithms at the subpixel level makes it possible to obtain high measurement accuracy with simpler hardware compared to electronic interferometry technologies. The main purpose of this work is the detailed analysis of techniques and methods for determination of deformations with the use of digital image correlation. The article includes detailed review of existing studies of this topic and description of main principles for analytical computation of the optical data.
{"title":"METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF DEFORMATIONS WITH THE USE OF DIGITAL IMAGE CORRELATION TECHNOLOGIES","authors":"Y. Blikharskyy, N. Kopiika","doi":"10.23939/jtbp2021.02.067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jtbp2021.02.067","url":null,"abstract":"In order to obtain reliable information about the stress-strain state of the structure, subjected to loading, it is necessary to determine deformations` distribution. In some cases, it is almost impossible to assess stress-strain state with the traditional approaches. However, the DIC methods provide reliable information about the fields of displacement and deformation almost without limitations. Such approaches are rather effective for determination of the stress-strain state on smooth surfaces and in zones with stress concentrators. The DIC method is based on the comparison of the intensity of speckle pictures` distribution of optically rough surfaces. The combination of the intensities of correlation peaks with the corresponding calculation algorithms at the subpixel level makes it possible to obtain high measurement accuracy with simpler hardware compared to electronic interferometry technologies. The main purpose of this work is the detailed analysis of techniques and methods for determination of deformations with the use of digital image correlation. The article includes detailed review of existing studies of this topic and description of main principles for analytical computation of the optical data.","PeriodicalId":369033,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Building Practice","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126659894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2021.01.072
V. Snitynskyi, P. Khirivskyi, I. Hnativ, Roman Hnativ
Prykarpattia is one of the areas in Europe most prone to floods. Recent environmental research predicts a trend towards an increase in these dangerous phenomena in the Carpathian region of Ukraine. The analysis of the losses caused by floods in Lviv region shows that the allocation of funds for the elimination of the consequences of floods is growing every year. It is necessary to introduce comprehensive regulation of riverbeds, taking into account the development of channel processes and forecasting possible changes under the influence of hydraulic structures. The purpose of the study is to analyze the factors influencing landslides and erosion in the foothills of the Ukrainian Carpathians and the choice of optimal flood protection of populated areas.
{"title":"THE NEED TO PROTECT AREAS FROM FLOODING AND SHORE PROTECTION ON THE RIVERS OF PRYKARPATTIA","authors":"V. Snitynskyi, P. Khirivskyi, I. Hnativ, Roman Hnativ","doi":"10.23939/jtbp2021.01.072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jtbp2021.01.072","url":null,"abstract":"Prykarpattia is one of the areas in Europe most prone to floods. Recent environmental research predicts a trend towards an increase in these dangerous phenomena in the Carpathian region of Ukraine. The analysis of the losses caused by floods in Lviv region shows that the allocation of funds for the elimination of the consequences of floods is growing every year. It is necessary to introduce comprehensive regulation of riverbeds, taking into account the development of channel processes and forecasting possible changes under the influence of hydraulic structures. The purpose of the study is to analyze the factors influencing landslides and erosion in the foothills of the Ukrainian Carpathians and the choice of optimal flood protection of populated areas.","PeriodicalId":369033,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Building Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128678474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2021.01.092
Iurii Sidun, Serhiy Solodkyy, Oleksiy Vollis, S. Stanchak, Volodymyr Bidos
In this article the study is done for the adhesion of aggregates coming from various granite quarries of Ukraine with bituminous binder, namely with bitumen emulsion – for application in surface dressing technology for road pavements treatment. In the article there are used the Ukrainian and European testing methods for determination of adhesion in the “bitumen – aggregate” system. According to the Ukrainian method, there was determined the adhesion of residual binder with the chips surface after boiling in the distilled water and in the solution of glycerin and distilled water. As the European method, for the studies there was used Vialit Plate Shock Test. There were developed three bitumen emulsion formulations.
{"title":"ADHESION OF BITUMINOUS BINDERS WITH AGGREGATES IN THE CONTEXT OF SURFACE DRESSING TECHNOLOGY FOR ROAD PAVEMENTS TREATMENT","authors":"Iurii Sidun, Serhiy Solodkyy, Oleksiy Vollis, S. Stanchak, Volodymyr Bidos","doi":"10.23939/jtbp2021.01.092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jtbp2021.01.092","url":null,"abstract":"In this article the study is done for the adhesion of aggregates coming from various granite quarries of Ukraine with bituminous binder, namely with bitumen emulsion – for application in surface dressing technology for road pavements treatment. In the article there are used the Ukrainian and European testing methods for determination of adhesion in the “bitumen – aggregate” system. According to the Ukrainian method, there was determined the adhesion of residual binder with the chips surface after boiling in the distilled water and in the solution of glycerin and distilled water. As the European method, for the studies there was used Vialit Plate Shock Test. There were developed three bitumen emulsion formulations.","PeriodicalId":369033,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Building Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129092979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2021.01.137
V. Zhelykh, M. Kasynets, Khrystyna Myroniuk, U. Marushchak, Bogdan Gulai
Today, the energy sector of Ukraine requires significant consumption of traditional energy sources (oil, gas, coal, nuclear energy). However, their use is associated with a number of difficulties, including thermal, chemical, and radioactive contamination of the environment and the exhaustion of their reserves. The paper is devoted to solving the actual problem of improving the efficiency of solar heat supply systems with solar collectors. An analysis of the potential of solar energy and existing solar heat supply systems is presented. The advantages and disadvantages of various solar collector designs and methods of their research are analyzed. The analysis of the main directions for improving the efficiency of solar collectors and solar heat supply systems, in general, is presented. An improved solar heat supply system with the proposed design of a solar collector is obtained and its temperature characteristics are established depending on the intensity of solar energy intake.
{"title":"ENERGY EFFICIENT SOLAR HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEMS FOR BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES","authors":"V. Zhelykh, M. Kasynets, Khrystyna Myroniuk, U. Marushchak, Bogdan Gulai","doi":"10.23939/jtbp2021.01.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jtbp2021.01.137","url":null,"abstract":"Today, the energy sector of Ukraine requires significant consumption of traditional energy sources (oil, gas, coal, nuclear energy). However, their use is associated with a number of difficulties, including thermal, chemical, and radioactive contamination of the environment and the exhaustion of their reserves. The paper is devoted to solving the actual problem of improving the efficiency of solar heat supply systems with solar collectors. An analysis of the potential of solar energy and existing solar heat supply systems is presented. The advantages and disadvantages of various solar collector designs and methods of their research are analyzed. The analysis of the main directions for improving the efficiency of solar collectors and solar heat supply systems, in general, is presented. An improved solar heat supply system with the proposed design of a solar collector is obtained and its temperature characteristics are established depending on the intensity of solar energy intake.","PeriodicalId":369033,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Building Practice","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131431940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2021.01.008
V. Iliv, Yarema Iliv
Preliminary studies have shown that hydrophobic materials ZDP "Silicon Polymer" 136-157 M, ETS-32, ETS-40, and a number of their analogs, in contrast to GKZh-11N and GKZh-11K, can withstand excess water pressure of 0.02 MPa when tested for methods developed based on standard methods for determining the water-resistance of concrete and tiles. The authors of the article developed experimental waterproofing liquids 1 K, 2 K, 1 N, and 2 N, based on GKZh-11 N and GKZh-11K. These liquids are ready for use for hydrophobization and silicatization of organosilicon compounds. The depth of penetration of waterproofing liquids into wall materials depends, in addition to the absorbency, on the value of the kinematic viscosity of such liquids. Therefore, the establishment of conditional and kinematic viscosity of waterproofing liquids is one of the tasks set in this article. Conditional (fluidity) and kinematic viscosity, due to their relationship, were determined using viscometers VZ-1, VZ-4, VZ-246, and a ball viscometer.
{"title":"STUDY OF FLUIDITY AND KINEMATIC VISCOSITY OF ORGANIC SILICONAL LIQUIDS AND MIXTURES BASED ON THEM","authors":"V. Iliv, Yarema Iliv","doi":"10.23939/jtbp2021.01.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jtbp2021.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"Preliminary studies have shown that hydrophobic materials ZDP \"Silicon Polymer\" 136-157 M, ETS-32, ETS-40, and a number of their analogs, in contrast to GKZh-11N and GKZh-11K, can withstand excess water pressure of 0.02 MPa when tested for methods developed based on standard methods for determining the water-resistance of concrete and tiles. The authors of the article developed experimental waterproofing liquids 1 K, 2 K, 1 N, and 2 N, based on GKZh-11 N and GKZh-11K. These liquids are ready for use for hydrophobization and silicatization of organosilicon compounds. The depth of penetration of waterproofing liquids into wall materials depends, in addition to the absorbency, on the value of the kinematic viscosity of such liquids. Therefore, the establishment of conditional and kinematic viscosity of waterproofing liquids is one of the tasks set in this article. Conditional (fluidity) and kinematic viscosity, due to their relationship, were determined using viscometers VZ-1, VZ-4, VZ-246, and a ball viscometer.","PeriodicalId":369033,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Building Practice","volume":"115 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134582042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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