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EFFECTIVENESS OF STRENGTHENING OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS WITH THE USE OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS 复合材料加固钢筋混凝土梁的效果
Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2022.02.007
N. Kopiika, Y. Blikharskyy
Wide spread of RC structures in construction projects indicates the necessity of their service life prolongation. Perspective possibility to increase strength of RC structures is use of external composite tapes. The article presents theoretical research on the effectiveness of strengthening of RC bended elements with the use of composite tapes. Work also includes comparative analysis on the basis of calculations, according to normative regulations. With the use of developed algorithm parameters of stress-strain state and deformability of RC beams, strengthened with composite tapes were obtained. Study identified, that the most critical parameter was the steel bars` strain and yield point. Interesting finding of the study is the no-linearity of the strength growth of the studied elements with the increase of additional reinforcement amount. Consistent literature review was conducted, which identified the necessity to take into account different external factors and failure mode.
钢筋混凝土结构在建筑工程中的广泛应用表明了其延长使用寿命的必要性。增加钢筋混凝土结构强度的可能性是使用外部复合带。本文对复合胶带加固钢筋混凝土受弯构件的有效性进行了理论研究。工作还包括根据规范条例在计算的基础上进行比较分析。利用开发的算法,得到了复合胶带加固钢筋混凝土梁的应力-应变状态和变形能力参数。研究发现,最关键的参数是钢筋的应变和屈服点。研究的有趣发现是研究单元的强度增长随外加配筋量的增加呈非线性。进行一致的文献综述,确定了考虑不同外部因素和失效模式的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
THE USE OF AN ULTRASONIC FLOW METER IN THE ZONE OF INFLUENCE OF INDIRECT SECTIONS OF THE WATER PIPELINE 超声波流量计在水管道间接段影响区内的应用
Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2022.02.017
Mykola Bosak, I. Matlai, Oleksandr Hvozdetskyi, Taras Sydor
The accuracy of water flow rate measurement with an ultrasonic flow meter (UFM) is affected by pipeline conditions. On water pipelines, there is often no the required length of direct section, required by the device passport or regulatory documents. Therefore, we conducted experiments using UFM to measure water flow rate in the zone of influence of non-direct sections of the water pipeline. The flow rate was measured in two planes of the pipeline with an offset of 90 o and the average value was taken. Thus, it was expected to take into account the average water velocity for the asymmetric velocity profile. The results of water flow rate measuring with UFM on short direct sections of the water pipeline, limited by pipeline bends sudden constriction of the pipeline, are presented. The greatest influence on the UFM measurement error is the 90 o pipeline bends.
超声波流量计测量水流流量的精度受管道条件的影响。在输水管道上,往往没有规定长度的直接段,由设备通行证或监管文件要求。因此,我们利用UFM进行实验,测量输水管道非直达段影响区的水流速率。在管道偏移90度的两个平面上测量流速,取其平均值。因此,预期在非对称速度剖面中考虑平均水流速度。介绍了UFM在受管道弯道、管道突然收缩限制的短直段输水管道上的流量测量结果。对UFM测量误差影响最大的是90°管道弯道。
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引用次数: 0
COMPARISON OF MEASURED AND CALCULATED ELECTRICAL ENERGY CAPTURED BY PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS 光伏板捕获的实测和计算电能的比较
Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2022.02.049
Pavol Knut, P. Kapalo, Z. Vranayová
The main goal of the work was the measurement of photovoltaic panels on a family house in the village of Lucka in eastern Slovakia during 4 months. The panels were mounted on the south side of the building at a slope of 26 degrees. The measurement took place every day only during sunshine. Subsequently, the comparison of these actually measured values with the calculated values from the PVGIS software, which also serves to calculate photovoltaic panels. Photovoltaic panels were measured in the months of April, May, June, July in 2021. As was mentioned, the measurement took place only during sunshine, i.e. when the sun's rays hit the photovoltaic panels. From these measurement results, we will find out how much electricity we will actually produce in these months and how much the software will "produce" if we enter the same parameters for the location and type of photovoltaic panels as for a family house.
这项工作的主要目标是在斯洛伐克东部卢卡村的一个家庭住宅上进行为期4个月的光伏板测量。面板以26度的坡度安装在建筑的南侧。每天只在晴天进行测量。随后,将这些实际测量值与PVGIS软件的计算值进行比较,PVGIS软件也用于光伏板的计算。光伏板在2021年的4月、5月、6月和7月进行了测量。如前所述,测量只在阳光下进行,即当太阳光照射到光伏板上时。从这些测量结果中,我们将发现我们在这几个月实际生产了多少电,以及如果我们输入与家庭住宅相同的光伏板位置和类型参数,软件将“生产”多少电。
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引用次数: 0
CURRENT PROBLEMS OF HARDENING MONOLITHIC ROAD AND AERODROME CEMENT CONCRETE CURING 单体公路、机场水泥混凝土硬化养护现状
Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2022.02.098
S. Tolmachov, O. Belichenko, Dmytro Tolmachov, Y. Turba
Studies of moisture loss from hardening monolithic cement concrete have been carried out. It was found that there is no consensus on the critical value of moisture loss from hardening concrete, at which shrinkage and cracking are possible, and there is no common understanding of the possible critical width of the shrinkage crack opening. It is shown that when the concrete hardens in air-dry conditions, its indicators, including durability, decrease by a factor of 2 or more. The critical value of moisture loss from hardening concrete was experimentally determined, which is 2 kg/m2. In this case, the deterioration of concrete properties as a result of rehydration of cement does not exceed 5 % and does not affect its durability. The possibility of restoring the properties of concretes, which were lost as a result of cracking during plastic shrinkage and contraction, has been experimentally proved if, after cracking, the concretes are placed for further hardening in a humid environment.
对水泥混凝土整体硬化过程中的水分损失进行了研究。研究发现,对于混凝土硬化后水分损失的临界值,即可能发生收缩和开裂的临界值,目前还没有达成共识,对于收缩裂缝张开的可能临界宽度也没有达成共识。结果表明,当混凝土在空气干燥条件下硬化时,其耐久性等指标降低了2倍或更多。通过实验确定了硬化混凝土的水分损失临界值为2 kg/m2。在这种情况下,水泥再水化引起的混凝土性能劣化不超过5%,不影响其耐久性。混凝土在塑性收缩和收缩过程中由于开裂而失去的性能,如果在开裂后将混凝土放置在潮湿的环境中进一步硬化,则恢复混凝土性能的可能性已经得到实验证明。
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引用次数: 0
EXPERIMENTAL TESTING METHODOLOGY OF STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF THE REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE WITH STRENGTHENING 钢筋混凝土加固管应力-应变状态的试验测试方法
Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2022.02.036
R. Rybak
Reinforced concrete pipes are exposed to environmental influences during the entire period of their operation. As a result, defects and damage appear and reduce durability and bearing capacity. In this regard, there is a need to repair and strengthen them. In order to assess the effectiveness of strengthening reinforced concrete pipes, it is necessary to get data about deformations that appeared as a result of the loads on the reinforced concrete pipe. The method for conducting experimental studies of the deformed state of reinforced concrete pipes has been developed, and the main devices and means necessary for conducting experimental research in laboratory conditions have been selected. The obtained data of deformations appearance can be used to compare the effectiveness of various methods of strengthening reinforced concrete pipes and their improvement as well as to monitor technical condition and to predict the formation of defects.
钢筋混凝土管道在整个使用过程中都会受到环境的影响。因此,出现缺陷和损坏,降低耐久性和承载能力。在这方面,有必要修复和加强它们。为了评估钢筋混凝土管道加固的有效性,有必要获得钢筋混凝土管道在荷载作用下产生的变形数据。发展了钢筋混凝土管材变形状态试验研究的方法,选定了在实验室条件下进行试验研究所需的主要装置和手段。所获得的变形形貌数据可用于比较钢筋混凝土管材各种加固方法的有效性和改进措施,也可用于监测技术状况和预测缺陷的形成。
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引用次数: 0
BEHAVIOR OF SUPERPLASTICIZED CEMENTITIOUS SYSTEMS FOR SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE 自密实混凝土超塑化胶凝体系的性能
Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2022.02.068
I. Kirakevych, Таras Kropyvnytskyi
The article presents the peculiarities of obtaining superplasticized cementitious systems "Portland cement – fly ash - superplasticizer" to find a rational provision of the given construction and technical properties of concrete. It was studied the physico-chemical peculiarities of the hydration processes of superplasticized cementitious systems. There were solved problems of directional formation of the microstructure of cement stone. Research results show that the use of superplasticized cementitious systems allows influencing the technological properties and kinetics of structure formation and creating a dense and strong microstructure of the concrete cementitious matrix. The use of superplasticized cementitious systems solves the problems of obtaining rapid-hardening self-compacting concrete, which creates the possibility of using vibration-free technology of monolithic concreting of structures.
本文介绍了获得“硅酸盐水泥-粉煤灰-超减水剂”超减水剂体系的特点,以寻找一种合理的规定给定的结构和技术性能的混凝土。研究了超塑化胶凝体系水化过程的物理化学特性。解决了水泥石微观结构的定向形成问题。研究结果表明,使用超塑化胶凝体系可以影响结构形成的技术特性和动力学,并创造出致密而坚固的混凝土胶凝基质微观结构。超塑胶凝体系的使用解决了获得快速硬化自密实混凝土的问题,从而为采用结构整体混凝土的无振动技术创造了可能。
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引用次数: 0
STRUCTURAL EFFICIENCY OF STEEL COMBINED TRUSSES 钢组合桁架的结构效率
Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2022.02.058
M. Hohol, Dmytro Sydorak
In this article on increasing the efficiency of steel combined structures, the tasks of rational design, regulation and control of structural parameters of elements, the use of steels with increased mechanical properties are considered. It is shown that for a six-span stiffening girder of a combined truss with elastic supports, which operates under a distributed load, the moment is 72 times smaller than the moment of a single-span beam. It is suggested to use high-strength steel for truss braces. Rationality criteria are proposed. On the basis of rationality criteria, new steel combined trusses were developed and their models were designed for stress tests. The results of experimental studies of models of combined trusses are presented. The results of experimental studies conducted on models of steel combined trusses qualitatively and quantitatively confirmed the theoretical results obtained on the basis of the proposed theory.
本文就提高钢组合结构效率、合理设计、调整和控制构件结构参数、选用提高力学性能的钢材等问题进行了探讨。结果表明,在分布荷载作用下,弹性支承组合桁架的六跨加劲梁的弯矩比单跨梁的弯矩小72倍。建议桁架支撑采用高强度钢。提出了合理性标准。在合理准则的基础上,开发了新型组合桁架,并设计了组合桁架模型进行了应力试验。给出了组合桁架模型的试验研究结果。对钢组合桁架模型进行的试验研究结果定性和定量地证实了基于所提出理论所得到的理论结果。
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引用次数: 0
EVALUATION OF THERMAL RESISTANCE OF EXTERNAL PROTECTION DURING THERMAL RENOVATION OF THE BUILDING 建筑热改造中外护热阻评价
Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2022.02.083
V. Zhelykh, Yurii Furdas, Oleh Khamets
Currently, the problem of energy-saving construction remains extremely relevant. The application of thermorenovation measures for existing public and residential buildings is one of the ways to solve the problem of rational use of fuel and energy resources. In this article, one of the thermorenovation measures is considered, in particular, the installation of additional external insulation to insulate external walls on the example of a general secondary education institution. The results of the research made it possible to evaluate the thermal stability of the fences as a result of insulation, so it was established that gas consumption and gross carbon dioxide emissions when using insulation with a thickness of 150 mm is reduced by almost 4.5 times. The proposed thermoregulation measures bring buildings into compliance with state regulations and increase indoor comfort by equalizing the average temperature and eliminating cold bridges.
当前,建筑节能问题仍然是非常重要的。对既有公共建筑和住宅建筑实施热改造措施是解决燃料和能源合理利用问题的途径之一。本文以某普通中等教育机构为例,考虑了其中一种热创新措施,特别是安装额外的外保温材料来隔热外墙。研究结果使得评估隔热栅栏的热稳定性成为可能,因此可以确定,当使用厚度为150毫米的隔热材料时,天然气消耗和总二氧化碳排放量减少了近4.5倍。提出的温度调节措施使建筑物符合国家规定,并通过平衡平均温度和消除冷桥来增加室内舒适度。
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引用次数: 0
PREREQUISITES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE IN THE USE OF ASH-SLAG MATERIALS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HIGHWAYS: А REVIEW 实施欧洲在公路建设中使用灰渣材料的经验的先决条件:А审查
Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2022.02.090
Yurii Novytskyi, V. Yatsenko, N. Topylko
The European Green Deal is the latest climate and environmental protection program launched by the EU. This is a strategy to transform the EU into a resource-efficient economy, in which in 2050 there will be zero greenhouse gas emissions and economic growth will be decoupled from the use of natural resources. After approving the National Economic Strategy for the period until 2030, Ukraine joins and focuses on the European Green Deal and aims to achieve climate neutrality in 2060 (Natsionalna ekonomichna stratehiia, 2021). Such ambitious goals can become a huge challenge for our country, in particular, in environmental projects of recycling in construction. Popularization of the principles of the circular economy and the introduction of the best European experience in the reuse of industrial waste is not only a requirement for the successful accession of Ukraine to the EU, but also a prerequisite for the effective implementation of infrastructure projects, especially the post-war reconstruction of the country.
《欧洲绿色协议》是欧盟推出的最新气候和环境保护计划。这是一项将欧盟转变为资源节约型经济体的战略,到2050年,欧盟将实现零温室气体排放,经济增长将与自然资源的使用脱钩。在批准了到2030年的国家经济战略后,乌克兰加入并专注于欧洲绿色协议,目标是在2060年实现气候中和(nationalna ekonomichna stratehiia, 2021)。这样雄心勃勃的目标可能会成为我们国家的巨大挑战,特别是在建筑回收的环境项目中。推广循环经济原则,引进欧洲工业废物再利用的最佳经验,不仅是乌克兰成功加入欧盟的必要条件,也是有效实施基础设施项目,特别是国家战后重建的先决条件。
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引用次数: 0
STATUS AND PROSPECTS OF IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY CLEAN ROOMS AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS 提高洁净室空调系统能效的现状与展望
Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.23939/jtbp2022.02.044
V. Labay, H. Klymenko, M. Gensetskyi
The article is devoted to increasing the efficiency of the air conditioning systems of clean rooms, which maintain the microclimate parameters in a given range according to several indicators - the number and size per 1 m³ of dust particles, aerosols, microorganisms and pressure, humidity, and temperature. Clean rooms are used in microelectronics, instrumentation, medicine and medical industry, pharmacology, laboratories, optics production, food industry, biotechnology, aviation, and space industry. Recently, abroad and in Ukraine, with the aim of saving energy resources, fundamental research is being conducted in a number of technologies from the perspective of exergetic methodology. This contributes to an objective assessment of the degree of energy perfection of devices and processes related to energy conversion in modern technologies. For this purpose, the authors developed an exergetic method of analyzing the operation of the direct-flow central air conditioning system of clean rooms.
本文致力于提高洁净室空调系统的效率,该系统根据几个指标(每1立方米灰尘颗粒、气溶胶、微生物和压力、湿度和温度的数量和大小)将小气候参数保持在给定范围内。洁净室应用于微电子、仪器仪表、医药和医疗工业、药理学、实验室、光学生产、食品工业、生物技术、航空航天工业。最近,在国外和乌克兰,为了节约能源资源,正在从能源方法论的角度对若干技术进行基础研究。这有助于客观地评价现代技术中与能量转换有关的装置和过程的能量完善程度。为此,作者提出了一种分析洁净室直流式中央空调系统运行的动态方法。
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引用次数: 0
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Theory and Building Practice
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