Results in Engineering最新文献_第5页

Systematic state-of-the-art review on precast concrete pipes

IF 6 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103826

Safeer Abbas , Adeel Faisal , Muhammad Abdullah Khan , Moncef L. Nehdi , Rashid Hameed , Sbahat Shaukat

Using precast concrete pipes to develop sewage water transportation systems is important for keeping hygienic, safe, and sustainable urban environments. This study reviews the state-of-the-art knowledge of the manufacturing processes, materials, curing regimes, design philosophies, laboratory and field tests, and various standards for assessing the quality of precast concrete pipes. Data from various sources such as research publications, technical reports, dissertations, and standards code provisions were gathered and presented in tabular/graphical form to analyze the critical factors that affect concrete pipe behavior. The manufacturing process was found to be an important factor that affects the quality of precast concrete pipes. A review of past failures of pipes showed that cracking, deterioration of concrete, and erosion or voids in concrete pipes were due to biogenic sulfuric acid attack. A comparison of the indirect design and direct design methods for precast concrete pipes was conducted, proving the advantages of the direct design method over the century-old indirect design method. Closed-form equations were presented for the complete distribution of internal forces, i.e., bending moments, shear forces, and thrust forces over the circumference of the pipe. Various challenges including the development of laboratory and field quality assessment tests, and a widely accepted standard of precast concrete pipes were also highlighted. Despite its importance, the field performance of precast concrete pipes was explored in a dearth of previous studies due to its costly procedures. Therefore, long-term monitoring of buried concrete pipes is needed to enhance the understanding of their complex behavior, accounting for the changing soil-pipe interaction, erosion of soil, and deterioration of concrete and steel over time. This study should assist infrastructure stakeholders and operation managers in making informed decisions regarding the choice of materials, design methods, manufacturing, and curing techniques to overcome catastrophic pipe failures and incidents, leading to a safe and sustainable environment and mitigating financial losses due to pipe failures.

{"title":"Systematic state-of-the-art review on precast concrete pipes","authors":"Safeer Abbas , Adeel Faisal , Muhammad Abdullah Khan , Moncef L. Nehdi , Rashid Hameed , Sbahat Shaukat","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using precast concrete pipes to develop sewage water transportation systems is important for keeping hygienic, safe, and sustainable urban environments. This study reviews the state-of-the-art knowledge of the manufacturing processes, materials, curing regimes, design philosophies, laboratory and field tests, and various standards for assessing the quality of precast concrete pipes. Data from various sources such as research publications, technical reports, dissertations, and standards code provisions were gathered and presented in tabular/graphical form to analyze the critical factors that affect concrete pipe behavior. The manufacturing process was found to be an important factor that affects the quality of precast concrete pipes. A review of past failures of pipes showed that cracking, deterioration of concrete, and erosion or voids in concrete pipes were due to biogenic sulfuric acid attack. A comparison of the indirect design and direct design methods for precast concrete pipes was conducted, proving the advantages of the direct design method over the century-old indirect design method. Closed-form equations were presented for the complete distribution of internal forces, i.e., bending moments, shear forces, and thrust forces over the circumference of the pipe. Various challenges including the development of laboratory and field quality assessment tests, and a widely accepted standard of precast concrete pipes were also highlighted. Despite its importance, the field performance of precast concrete pipes was explored in a dearth of previous studies due to its costly procedures. Therefore, long-term monitoring of buried concrete pipes is needed to enhance the understanding of their complex behavior, accounting for the changing soil-pipe interaction, erosion of soil, and deterioration of concrete and steel over time. This study should assist infrastructure stakeholders and operation managers in making informed decisions regarding the choice of materials, design methods, manufacturing, and curing techniques to overcome catastrophic pipe failures and incidents, leading to a safe and sustainable environment and mitigating financial losses due to pipe failures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 103826"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Applications of artificial intelligence in air operations: A systematic review

IF 6 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103742

Cristian Lozano Tafur , Rosa Gabriela Camero , Didier Aldana Rodríguez , Juan Carlos Daza Rincón , Edwin Rativa Saenz

This systematic review evaluates the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in air operations, following the PRISMA 2020 methodology. The primary objective is to identify and analyze key areas in air operations where AI and machine learning have demonstrated significant impact. Inclusion criteria encompass studies published between 2008 and 2023, in any language, related to the application of AI algorithms in air operations. The search was conducted in databases such as Scopus and Web of Science on May 1, 2024. A total of 120 studies were included, highlighting their diversity and relevance in areas such as aircraft trajectory prediction, air traffic management, and aircraft performance optimization, among others. The main findings indicate that the use of AI in trajectory prediction and air traffic management has significantly improved operational efficiency and safety. However, the studies also point out limitations related to data variability and challenges in integrating multiple information sources. The conclusions suggest that, despite these limitations, AI holds considerable potential to transform air operations, recommending a greater focus on research and development in this field.

{"title":"Applications of artificial intelligence in air operations: A systematic review","authors":"Cristian Lozano Tafur , Rosa Gabriela Camero , Didier Aldana Rodríguez , Juan Carlos Daza Rincón , Edwin Rativa Saenz","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This systematic review evaluates the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in air operations, following the PRISMA 2020 methodology. The primary objective is to identify and analyze key areas in air operations where AI and machine learning have demonstrated significant impact. Inclusion criteria encompass studies published between 2008 and 2023, in any language, related to the application of AI algorithms in air operations. The search was conducted in databases such as Scopus and Web of Science on May 1, 2024. A total of 120 studies were included, highlighting their diversity and relevance in areas such as aircraft trajectory prediction, air traffic management, and aircraft performance optimization, among others. The main findings indicate that the use of AI in trajectory prediction and air traffic management has significantly improved operational efficiency and safety. However, the studies also point out limitations related to data variability and challenges in integrating multiple information sources. The conclusions suggest that, despite these limitations, AI holds considerable potential to transform air operations, recommending a greater focus on research and development in this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 103742"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bidirectional wireless power transfer: Bridging electric vehicles and the grid through converter analysis, coil topologies, and communication protocol review

IF 6 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103803

M. Venkatesan , Narayanamoorthi R , Petr Kacor , Matous Vrzala

The Electric Vehicle (EV) emerges as a promising alternative for curbing greenhouse gas emissions compared to traditional Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles. Recent strides in power converter technology enable the bidirectional flow of electrical energy between EVs and the Grid (V2 G) seamlessly. However, conventional plug-in charging methods necessitate human intervention for EV participation in V2 G operations. Consequently, wireless power transfer (WPT) technology emerges as a viable solution, eliminating the need for manual intervention in enabling bidirectional operation for EVs. Furthermore, the integration of distributed local networks of energy storage units into the grid becomes feasible through the WPT approach, utilizing energy from stationary EV batteries. Ongoing advancements in converter technology, coil design, and controller modeling play a pivotal role in the efficient development of bidirectional WPT technologies. This paper delves into a comprehensive analysis of various bidirectional DC/DC converter configurations, focusing on active power transformation between V2 G and G2V. Additionally, it explores diverse types, structures, and shapes of wireless power-transferring coils that are well-suited for bidirectional WPT applications. The discussion extends to encompass various communication standards and modes employed in wireless communications for V2 G operations. The overview encompasses EV communications, procedural standards, computational methods, and ongoing research on various types of wireless charging systems.

{"title":"Bidirectional wireless power transfer: Bridging electric vehicles and the grid through converter analysis, coil topologies, and communication protocol review","authors":"M. Venkatesan , Narayanamoorthi R , Petr Kacor , Matous Vrzala","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Electric Vehicle (EV) emerges as a promising alternative for curbing greenhouse gas emissions compared to traditional Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles. Recent strides in power converter technology enable the bidirectional flow of electrical energy between EVs and the Grid (V2 G) seamlessly. However, conventional plug-in charging methods necessitate human intervention for EV participation in V2 G operations. Consequently, wireless power transfer (WPT) technology emerges as a viable solution, eliminating the need for manual intervention in enabling bidirectional operation for EVs. Furthermore, the integration of distributed local networks of energy storage units into the grid becomes feasible through the WPT approach, utilizing energy from stationary EV batteries. Ongoing advancements in converter technology, coil design, and controller modeling play a pivotal role in the efficient development of bidirectional WPT technologies. This paper delves into a comprehensive analysis of various bidirectional DC/DC converter configurations, focusing on active power transformation between V2 G and G2V. Additionally, it explores diverse types, structures, and shapes of wireless power-transferring coils that are well-suited for bidirectional WPT applications. The discussion extends to encompass various communication standards and modes employed in wireless communications for V2 G operations. The overview encompasses EV communications, procedural standards, computational methods, and ongoing research on various types of wireless charging systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 103803"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design aspects of MIMO antennas and its applications: A comprehensive review

IF 6 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-12-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103797

Anouar Es-saleh , Mohammed Bendaoued , Soufian Lakrit , Sudipta Das , Ahmed Faize

The most recent state of research on Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antennas for involvement in 5G mobile communications, radio frequency identification, smartphones, handheld devices, automobile applications, portable devices, wireless sensors, and other applications is presented in this paper. This review paper discusses several design techniques and processes, as well as the basics and performance metrics of MIMO antennas. The objective of this work is to review the recent research and development trends and highlight a few novel approaches in antenna design that demand MIMO applications. Furthermore, this review article discusses various techniques reported in the literature to reduce mutual coupling through different MIMO antenna design approaches.

引用次数: 0

Advances in UAV avionics systems architecture, classification and integration: A comprehensive review and future perspectives

IF 6 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103786

Hashim A. Hashim

Avionics systems of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) or drone are the critical electronic components found onboard that regulate, navigate, and control UAV travel while ensuring public safety. Contemporary UAV avionics work together to facilitate success of UAV missions by enabling stable communication, secure identification protocols, novel energy solutions, multi-sensor accurate perception and autonomous navigation, precise path planning, that guarantees collision avoidance, reliable trajectory control, and efficient data transfer within the UAV system. Moreover, special consideration must be given to electronic warfare threats prevention, detection, and mitigation, and the regulatory framework associated with UAV operations. This review presents the role and taxonomy of each UAV avionics system while covering shortcomings and benefits of available alternatives within each system. UAV communication systems, antennas, and location communication tracking are surveyed. Identification systems that respond to air-to-air or air-to-ground interrogating signals are presented. UAV classical and more innovative power sources are discussed. The rapid development of perception systems improves UAV autonomous navigation and control capabilities. The paper reviews common perception systems, navigation techniques, path planning approaches, obstacle avoidance methods, and tracking control. Modern electronic warfare uses advanced techniques and has to be counteracted by equally advanced methods to keep the public safe. Consequently, this work presents a detailed overview of common electronic warfare threats and state-of-the-art countermeasures and defensive aids. Furthermore, UAV safety occurrences are analyzed in the context of national regulatory framework and the certification process. Lastly, databus communication and standards for UAVs are reviewed as they enable efficient and fast real-time data transfer.

{"title":"Advances in UAV avionics systems architecture, classification and integration: A comprehensive review and future perspectives","authors":"Hashim A. Hashim","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103786","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103786","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Avionics systems of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) or drone are the critical electronic components found onboard that regulate, navigate, and control UAV travel while ensuring public safety. Contemporary UAV avionics work together to facilitate success of UAV missions by enabling stable communication, secure identification protocols, novel energy solutions, multi-sensor accurate perception and autonomous navigation, precise path planning, that guarantees collision avoidance, reliable trajectory control, and efficient data transfer within the UAV system. Moreover, special consideration must be given to electronic warfare threats prevention, detection, and mitigation, and the regulatory framework associated with UAV operations. This review presents the role and taxonomy of each UAV avionics system while covering shortcomings and benefits of available alternatives within each system. UAV communication systems, antennas, and location communication tracking are surveyed. Identification systems that respond to air-to-air or air-to-ground interrogating signals are presented. UAV classical and more innovative power sources are discussed. The rapid development of perception systems improves UAV autonomous navigation and control capabilities. The paper reviews common perception systems, navigation techniques, path planning approaches, obstacle avoidance methods, and tracking control. Modern electronic warfare uses advanced techniques and has to be counteracted by equally advanced methods to keep the public safe. Consequently, this work presents a detailed overview of common electronic warfare threats and state-of-the-art countermeasures and defensive aids. Furthermore, UAV safety occurrences are analyzed in the context of national regulatory framework and the certification process. Lastly, databus communication and standards for UAVs are reviewed as they enable efficient and fast real-time data transfer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 103786"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transformative impacts of the internet of medical things on modern healthcare

IF 6 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103787

Shams Forruque Ahmed , Senzuti Sharmin , Sweety Angela Kuldeep , Aiman Lameesa , Md. Sakib Bin Alam , Gang Liu , Amir H. Gandomi

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) offers real-time data insights, reduces energy costs, and enhances patient comfort, presenting transformative potential for healthcare systems. While existing research on IoMT in healthcare has primarily concentrated on data security concerns and corresponding solutions, it has often overlooked the broader role of IoMT technologies across diverse healthcare systems and the unique challenges of implementing them. This study aims to bridge these gaps by investigating how IoMT impacts healthcare systems, focusing on its technological roles, benefits, and challenges. The significance of this work lies in its comprehensive exploration of IoMT applications and their potential to transform healthcare delivery through personalized treatment, diagnostics, and enhanced quality of care. The findings indicate that combining IoMT with machine learning (ML) can achieve up to 99.84 % accuracy in predicting heart disease from medical images, while remote monitoring for elderly patients reaches an accuracy of 98.1 %. Additionally, a model utilizing edge-IoMT computations demonstrates a promising solution for real-time seizure detection. By facilitating continuous data collection and providing real-time insights, IoMT significantly enhances the operational effectiveness of ML algorithms, ultimately leading to improved health outcomes for these vulnerable populations. However, IoMT integration into smart healthcare systems raises security concerns, which can be mitigated by using strong encryption, authentication, and security updates, following privacy regulations, and educating healthcare professionals about cybersecurity. Future IoMT research must prioritize the implementation of artificial intelligence algorithms to improve the management of security and vulnerabilities in intelligent healthcare systems.

{"title":"Transformative impacts of the internet of medical things on modern healthcare","authors":"Shams Forruque Ahmed , Senzuti Sharmin , Sweety Angela Kuldeep , Aiman Lameesa , Md. Sakib Bin Alam , Gang Liu , Amir H. Gandomi","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103787","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103787","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) offers real-time data insights, reduces energy costs, and enhances patient comfort, presenting transformative potential for healthcare systems. While existing research on IoMT in healthcare has primarily concentrated on data security concerns and corresponding solutions, it has often overlooked the broader role of IoMT technologies across diverse healthcare systems and the unique challenges of implementing them. This study aims to bridge these gaps by investigating how IoMT impacts healthcare systems, focusing on its technological roles, benefits, and challenges. The significance of this work lies in its comprehensive exploration of IoMT applications and their potential to transform healthcare delivery through personalized treatment, diagnostics, and enhanced quality of care. The findings indicate that combining IoMT with machine learning (ML) can achieve up to 99.84 % accuracy in predicting heart disease from medical images, while remote monitoring for elderly patients reaches an accuracy of 98.1 %. Additionally, a model utilizing edge-IoMT computations demonstrates a promising solution for real-time seizure detection. By facilitating continuous data collection and providing real-time insights, IoMT significantly enhances the operational effectiveness of ML algorithms, ultimately leading to improved health outcomes for these vulnerable populations. However, IoMT integration into smart healthcare systems raises security concerns, which can be mitigated by using strong encryption, authentication, and security updates, following privacy regulations, and educating healthcare professionals about cybersecurity. Future IoMT research must prioritize the implementation of artificial intelligence algorithms to improve the management of security and vulnerabilities in intelligent healthcare systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 103787"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evolution, topics and relevant research methodologies in business intelligence and data analysis in the academic management of higher education institutions. A literature review

IF 6 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103782

M. Correa-Peralta, J. Vinueza-Martínez, L. Castillo-Heredia

In the digital era, Business Intelligence (BI) and data analytics have become essential for optimizing academic management in higher education institutions. This bibliometric study analyzed 755 Scopus-indexed publications (2019–2023) using RStudio, Biblioshiny, and Microsoft Excel to elucidate key themes, influential authors, and emerging research trends. Learning analytics, educational data mining, and BI applications such as dropout prediction systems, tailored distance education strategies, and machine learning models for institutional performance predominate in the field. High-impact journals, including the British Journal of Educational Technology and the Journal of Learning Analytics, play crucial roles with contributions from scholars such as Christothea Herodotou and Bart Rienties. Thematic analysis revealed ten clusters emphasizing predictive modeling, educational innovation, and online learning. Geographic trends highlight the predominance of research in the United States and Europe, underscoring the necessity for greater inclusivity in underrepresented regions such as Africa and South America. While quantitative methodologies prevail, this study emphasizes the significance of qualitative approaches to capture nuanced impacts and ethical considerations, including privacy, equity, and bias mitigation. Future research must adopt interdisciplinary methodologies to address systemic challenges, foster context-sensitive, equitable BI solutions that drive innovation, and enhance decision making across diverse educational environments.

{"title":"Evolution, topics and relevant research methodologies in business intelligence and data analysis in the academic management of higher education institutions. A literature review","authors":"M. Correa-Peralta, J. Vinueza-Martínez, L. Castillo-Heredia","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the digital era, Business Intelligence (BI) and data analytics have become essential for optimizing academic management in higher education institutions. This bibliometric study analyzed 755 Scopus-indexed publications (2019–2023) using RStudio, Biblioshiny, and Microsoft Excel to elucidate key themes, influential authors, and emerging research trends. Learning analytics, educational data mining, and BI applications such as dropout prediction systems, tailored distance education strategies, and machine learning models for institutional performance predominate in the field. High-impact journals, including the British Journal of Educational Technology and the Journal of Learning Analytics, play crucial roles with contributions from scholars such as Christothea Herodotou and Bart Rienties. Thematic analysis revealed ten clusters emphasizing predictive modeling, educational innovation, and online learning. Geographic trends highlight the predominance of research in the United States and Europe, underscoring the necessity for greater inclusivity in underrepresented regions such as Africa and South America. While quantitative methodologies prevail, this study emphasizes the significance of qualitative approaches to capture nuanced impacts and ethical considerations, including privacy, equity, and bias mitigation. Future research must adopt interdisciplinary methodologies to address systemic challenges, foster context-sensitive, equitable BI solutions that drive innovation, and enhance decision making across diverse educational environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 103782"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the comprehensive integration of artificial intelligence in optimizing HVAC system operations: A review and future outlook

IF 6 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103765

Shengze Lu , Shiyu Zhou , Yan Ding , Moon Keun Kim , Bin Yang , Zhe Tian , Jiying Liu

With the rapid development of the artificial intelligence (AI) technology, its application in optimizing heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems operation is becoming increasingly widespread. This study reviews the latest advances in AI optimization for HVAC systems operation, systematically outlining the characteristics of the AI technology and its various application methods in air conditioning systems. The main features of the AI technology are first introduced. The main algorithms of supervised learning, reinforcement learning, and deep learning are then analyzed in the fields of air conditioning operation optimization, energy consumption prediction and control, indoor environmental protection, and fault detection and diagnosis. The combination of the AI and digital twin technologies is also explored. This review study focuses on the intelligent control technology, multi-objective optimization of system operation, system optimization based on occupant behavior and thermal comfort, and system fault detection and diagnosis. Although the AI technology has led to satisfactory results in air conditioning system optimization, its practical applications still face challenges, such as the model accuracy and generalization ability, applicability, and integration with existing systems. The analysis conducted in this paper provides a foundation for the optimization of HVAC system operation.

{"title":"Exploring the comprehensive integration of artificial intelligence in optimizing HVAC system operations: A review and future outlook","authors":"Shengze Lu , Shiyu Zhou , Yan Ding , Moon Keun Kim , Bin Yang , Zhe Tian , Jiying Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103765","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid development of the artificial intelligence (AI) technology, its application in optimizing heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems operation is becoming increasingly widespread. This study reviews the latest advances in AI optimization for HVAC systems operation, systematically outlining the characteristics of the AI technology and its various application methods in air conditioning systems. The main features of the AI technology are first introduced. The main algorithms of supervised learning, reinforcement learning, and deep learning are then analyzed in the fields of air conditioning operation optimization, energy consumption prediction and control, indoor environmental protection, and fault detection and diagnosis. The combination of the AI and digital twin technologies is also explored. This review study focuses on the intelligent control technology, multi-objective optimization of system operation, system optimization based on occupant behavior and thermal comfort, and system fault detection and diagnosis. Although the AI technology has led to satisfactory results in air conditioning system optimization, its practical applications still face challenges, such as the model accuracy and generalization ability, applicability, and integration with existing systems. The analysis conducted in this paper provides a foundation for the optimization of HVAC system operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 103765"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biogenic palm oil-based greases with glycerol monostearate and soy wax: A rheological and tribological study

IF 6 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103728

Belal G. Nassef , Amirreza Moradi , Gernot Bayer , Florian Pape , Zeyad A. Abouelkasem , Florian Rummel , Stefan Schmölzer , Gerhard Poll , Max Marian

The increasing environmental concerns associated with conventional lubricants have led to a growing interest in sustainable alternatives, particularly biogenic grease. This study introduces a novel approach to synthesizing and characterizing fully biodegradable greases using palm oil as the base oil and renewable biothickeners, namely glycerol monostearate (GMS) and soywax (SW). The innovation lies in utilizing the distinct properties of these biothickeners to optimize the grease structure and performance for industrial applications. GMS enhances the consistency and mechanical stability, while SW controls the elasticity and oil bleeding. Rheological analysis shows that GMS exhibits the thickening capabilities at room temperature (RT) to achieve common grease consistencies, while SW enhances elasticity, achieving a unique balance of firmness and flexibility. Thermal analysis indicates that GMS-based greases had higher thermal stability, while SW enhance low-temperature performance. Tribological testing reveals a reduction in friction and wear, with an earlier transition to the mixed lubrication regime compared to a reference commercial grease (CG). Under boundary lubrication, GMS-based samples perform better than the CG, particularly under higher contact pressures. In contrast, SW-based formulations demonstrate better lubrication at lower contact pressures. In fluid friction regimes, almost all bio-based samples outperform the CG, showing potential for high-speed applications. When tested in angular contact ball bearings under oscillating motion (a typical moderate temperature application), the bio-greases show decent results in preventing false brinelling. This study highlights the potential of these eco-friendly formulations as a viable alternative to conventional greases.

{"title":"Biogenic palm oil-based greases with glycerol monostearate and soy wax: A rheological and tribological study","authors":"Belal G. Nassef , Amirreza Moradi , Gernot Bayer , Florian Pape , Zeyad A. Abouelkasem , Florian Rummel , Stefan Schmölzer , Gerhard Poll , Max Marian","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103728","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103728","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing environmental concerns associated with conventional lubricants have led to a growing interest in sustainable alternatives, particularly biogenic grease. This study introduces a novel approach to synthesizing and characterizing fully biodegradable greases using palm oil as the base oil and renewable biothickeners, namely glycerol monostearate (GMS) and soywax (SW). The innovation lies in utilizing the distinct properties of these biothickeners to optimize the grease structure and performance for industrial applications. GMS enhances the consistency and mechanical stability, while SW controls the elasticity and oil bleeding. Rheological analysis shows that GMS exhibits the thickening capabilities at room temperature (RT) to achieve common grease consistencies, while SW enhances elasticity, achieving a unique balance of firmness and flexibility. Thermal analysis indicates that GMS-based greases had higher thermal stability, while SW enhance low-temperature performance. Tribological testing reveals a reduction in friction and wear, with an earlier transition to the mixed lubrication regime compared to a reference commercial grease (CG). Under boundary lubrication, GMS-based samples perform better than the CG, particularly under higher contact pressures. In contrast, SW-based formulations demonstrate better lubrication at lower contact pressures. In fluid friction regimes, almost all bio-based samples outperform the CG, showing potential for high-speed applications. When tested in angular contact ball bearings under oscillating motion (a typical moderate temperature application), the bio-greases show decent results in preventing false brinelling. This study highlights the potential of these eco-friendly formulations as a viable alternative to conventional greases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 103728"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An overview of phase change materials, their production, and applications in textiles

IF 6 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103603

Anik Das , Md Mehedi Hasan Apu , Asma Akter , Md Momen Al Reza , Rony Mia

A phase change material (PCM) is a substance that releases/absorbs enough energy to produce useful heat/cooling upon phase transition. The transition will take place between one of the initial two fundamental states of matter, solid and liquid. It might also be a transition between non-classical states like crystal structure. The integration of PCM in textiles by coating or encapsulation to create thermo-regulated smart textiles has piqued the researcher's interest recently. As a result, an attempt has been made to examine the principles of PCM and their applications for smart temperature-controlled textiles. The many forms of phase transition materials are discussed. This is followed by a summary of the integration of PCM into the textile structure. This review article discusses the concept of thermal comfort, cold-weather clothing, phase change materials, and garment comfort. Additionally, applications of PCM in the textile are discussed. The following are some examples of recent PCM-incorporated textile applications. Finally, this review article discusses the market for PCM in the textiles industry as well as some difficulties.

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