Results in Engineering最新文献_第2页

Biochar-amended food waste compost: A review of properties 生物炭添加食物垃圾堆肥：特性综述

IF 6 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103118

Mehdi Ebrahimi , Sahar Gholipour , Gholamreza Mostafaii , Fatemeh Yousefian

The attention towards managing food waste (FW) and transforming it into compost has significantly increased in recent years, driven by the potential advantages it offers for sustainable agriculture and waste reduction. Biochar, a carbon-rich amendment derived from biomass through pyrolysis, has gained significant attention due to its potential benefits to enhance compost quality. This systematic review analyzed 11 studies to assess the role of biochar in optimizing FW composting. Studies revealed several benefits of biochar addition, including shortening of the time to reach the thermophilic stage and an increase in composting temperature. Biochar also improved compost quality by maintaining nitrogen content, reducing ammonia emissions, and promoting a favorable pH for microbial activities. Its porous structure created a suitable habitat for microbes, potentially accelerating organic matter degradation. Additionally, biochar's high cation exchange capacity (CEC) helped immobilize potentially toxic metals, reducing their availability in the final compost. However, our knowledge of biochar's benefits in improving compost quality remains incomplete. The reviewed studies neglected to evaluate the microbial quality of the resulting compost and the cost-effectiveness of biochar application. Future research should prioritize long-term studies to assess plant uptake from soils amended with biochar. Additionally, investigations into the optimal biochar-to-compost ratio, as well as the most effective timing and methods for land application, should be undertaken. Addressing these knowledge gaps is crucial for optimizing the utilization of biochar in FW composting, thereby leading to sustainable waste management practices and enhanced soil fertility.

近年来，管理厨余垃圾（FW）并将其转化为堆肥的关注度显著提高，这是因为厨余垃圾对可持续农业和减少废物具有潜在优势。生物炭是一种通过热解从生物质中提取的富碳改良剂，因其在提高堆肥质量方面的潜在优势而备受关注。本系统综述分析了 11 项研究，以评估生物炭在优化 FW 堆肥中的作用。研究揭示了添加生物炭的几个好处，包括缩短达到嗜热阶段的时间和提高堆肥温度。生物炭还通过保持氮含量、减少氨排放和促进有利于微生物活动的 pH 值来改善堆肥质量。其多孔结构为微生物创造了合适的栖息地，有可能加速有机物降解。此外，生物炭的高阳离子交换容量（CEC）有助于固定可能有毒的金属，减少它们在最终堆肥中的含量。然而，我们对生物炭在改善堆肥质量方面益处的了解仍不全面。所审查的研究忽略了对所产生堆肥的微生物质量以及生物炭应用的成本效益进行评估。未来的研究应优先考虑长期研究，以评估植物对经生物炭改良的土壤的吸收情况。此外，还应调查生物炭与堆肥的最佳比例，以及土地施用的最有效时间和方法。填补这些知识空白对于优化生物炭在粮食堆肥中的利用，从而实现可持续的废物管理方法和提高土壤肥力至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Structural health monitoring of timber bridges – A review 木桥结构健康监测 - 综述

IF 6 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103084

Farshid Abdoli , Maria Rashidi , Jun Wang , Rafat Siddique , Vahid Nasir

Studies on structural health monitoring of timber bridges are limited. The unique characteristics of timber, such as anisotropy, hygroscopicity, and high variability under climate changes, necessitate the customization of a structural health monitoring system for each specific configuration. This paper provides a thorough examination of the existing methodologies for structural health monitoring of timber bridges, including the timber bridge deterioration mechanism, the practical non-destructive testing techniques, potential future advancements such as artificial intelligence, digital twin, and sensor/data fusion and Internet of Things in the application of structural health monitoring to timber bridges. Structural health monitoring of timber bridges has received less attention than monitoring of bridges manufactured from other materials such as steel or concrete. More specifically, most studies have been conducted on monitoring moisture, temperature, structural performance, and vibration behavior under the loads in timber bridges. However, these studies have not investigated the correlation between the factors that affected the structural performance of timber bridges. Also, studies related to data-driven and artificial intelligence methods applied to timber bridges are limited. Therefore, the current study is about structural health monitoring of timber bridges by focusing on deterioration mechanisms of timber, non-destructive tools for damage detection, and discussion about emerging approaches, including artificial intelligence tools, sensor/data fusion and Internet of Things, and digital twin.

有关木桥结构健康监测的研究十分有限。由于木材具有各向异性、吸湿性以及在气候变化下的高变化性等独特特性，因此有必要为每种特定结构定制结构健康监测系统。本文深入探讨了现有的木桥结构健康监测方法，包括木桥劣化机理、实用的无损检测技术、人工智能、数字孪生、传感器/数据融合和物联网等未来在木桥结构健康监测应用中的潜在进步。与钢或混凝土等其他材料制造的桥梁相比，木桥结构健康监测受到的关注较少。更具体地说，大多数研究都是针对监测木材桥梁的湿度、温度、结构性能和荷载下的振动行为。然而，这些研究并未调查影响木桥结构性能的因素之间的相关性。此外，与应用于木桥的数据驱动和人工智能方法相关的研究也很有限。因此，当前的研究是关于木桥的结构健康监测，重点是木材的劣化机制、用于检测损坏的非破坏性工具，以及对新兴方法的讨论，包括人工智能工具、传感器/数据融合和物联网以及数字孪生。

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引用次数: 0

Crude oil industry remote monitoring and management based on Industrial Internet of things and edge computing integration: A comprehensive survey 基于工业物联网和边缘计算集成的原油行业远程监控和管理：全面调查

IF 6 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103034

Hazem Ramzey , Mahmoud Badawy , Adel A. Elbaset

Monitoring and management engineering technologies, as well as crude oil production, have recently advanced significantly. Technology advancements aside, monitoring, administration, wait times, and emergency response remain quite poor, especially for the crude oil production cycle, where real-time management and monitoring are difficult. Several methodologies and technologies utilized for continuously monitoring and managing crude oil manufacturing are analyzed in light of the integrating of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and Edge Computing (EC). The ultimate objective is to monitor and manage the whole value chain process to increase production dependability and availability and generate better economic products and services. This study goes over crude oil production guidelines and unresolved research difficulties. The IIOT and EC integration are viewed as a possible approach for establishing domestic services and corporate procedures for increasing crude oil production. One hundred eighty-eight relevant studies published between 2017 and 2023 were indexed in the WOS (Web of Science), SCOPUS, OnePetro, and IEEE Xplore databases. A survey based on a literature review showed 50 studies (selected from those studies through the literature review stages) and their architectures and frameworks to automate crude production to better monitor alerts and production control. This survey aims to provide a comprehensive overview of multiple studies to highlight the deficiencies in recent research and serve as a reference for subsequent endeavors to develop solutions for a straightforward process monitoring system. Such a system would empower process operators to promptly and effortlessly detect any sources of abnormality within the process.

最近，监测和管理工程技术以及原油生产都有了长足的进步。尽管技术进步了，但监控、管理、等待时间和应急响应仍然相当落后，特别是在原油生产周期中，实时管理和监控非常困难。本文结合工业物联网（IIoT）和边缘计算（EC），分析了用于持续监控和管理原油生产的几种方法和技术。最终目标是监控和管理整个价值链流程，以提高生产的可靠性和可用性，并创造更好的经济产品和服务。本研究探讨了原油生产准则和尚未解决的研究难题。IIOT 和欧共体一体化被视为建立国内服务和公司程序以提高原油产量的一种可行方法。WOS （Web of Science）、SCOPUS、OnePetro 和 IEEE Xplore 数据库收录了 2017 年至 2023 年间发表的 188 项相关研究。一项基于文献综述的调查显示，有 50 项研究（通过文献综述阶段从这些研究中选出）及其架构和框架实现了原油生产自动化，以更好地监控警报和生产控制。本调查旨在对多项研究进行全面概述，以突出近期研究的不足之处，并为后续开发直接流程监控系统解决方案的工作提供参考。这样的系统将使工艺操作人员能够及时、轻松地检测到工艺中的任何异常源。

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引用次数: 0

Innovations and ongoing advancements of the wick type solar still: A review 灯芯式太阳能蒸馏器的创新和不断进步：综述

IF 6 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103049

Farhan Lafta Rashid , Mudhar A. Al-Obaidi , Karrar A. Hammoodi , Ali Jafer Mahdi , Saif Ali Kadhim , Miqdam T. Chaichan , Rujda Parveen , Mehdi Eisapour , Marouan Kouki , S. Nazari , Ahmed M. Galal

The largest challenges to the globe are energy scarcity, freshwater shortages, and global warming are the world's largest challenges. Fossil fuels harm the environment and intensify global warming. Solar distillation technology will replace fossil fuels sooner or later, as it produces freshwater without polluting the environment or being expensive. The distillation structure only requires exposure to the sun's rays. Solar achieving the best freshwater production with the greatest thermal energy performance and the lowest cost, solar distillers (SD) have recently experienced a number of designs. These include the stepped SD, double-slope SD, inclined SD, and pyramid SD. Most of the time, nanofluids, phase change materials (PCMs), wick materials, reflectors, organic fluids, corrugated absorber plates, flat SDs, bi-layered structures, heat localization, hybrid systems, SD with solar heaters, energy storage materials, porous absorbers, and cover cooling are used to change SDs. This essay evaluates and discusses the detailed examination of the wick type materials in solar stills with several configurations, considering the wick type floating, spinning, inclined, and corrugated. To make these materials more suitable for use in a range of applications to produce clean water, different recommendations are made. There have been many improvements, resulting in enhanced productivity rates, according to a literature review. Depending on design, geography, and accessory selection, Wicks technology increased distillers' productivity by 20%–30 %. Additionally, combining this technology with other technologies like PCMs and nanomaterials can achieve high productivity.

全球面临的最大挑战是能源匮乏、淡水短缺和全球变暖。化石燃料危害环境，加剧全球变暖。太阳能蒸馏技术迟早会取代化石燃料，因为它既能生产淡水，又不会污染环境，成本也不高。蒸馏结构只需暴露在太阳光下即可。太阳能蒸馏器（SD）具有最佳的淡水产量、最大的热能性能和最低的成本，最近出现了许多设计。这些设计包括阶梯式太阳能蒸馏器、双斜面太阳能蒸馏器、倾斜式太阳能蒸馏器和金字塔式太阳能蒸馏器。大多数情况下，纳米流体、相变材料 (PCM)、灯芯材料、反射器、有机流体、波纹吸收板、平面蒸馏器、双层结构、热定位、混合系统、带有太阳能加热器的蒸馏器、储能材料、多孔吸收器和覆盖冷却被用于改变蒸馏器。本文对太阳能蒸馏器中的灯芯型材料进行了详细评估和讨论，考虑了灯芯的浮动型、旋转型、倾斜型和波纹型等几种结构。为了使这些材料更适用于生产清洁水的各种应用，文章提出了不同的建议。根据文献综述，已有许多改进，从而提高了生产率。根据设计、地理位置和配件选择的不同，Wicks 技术可将蒸馏器的生产率提高 20%-30%。此外，将该技术与 PCM 和纳米材料等其他技术相结合，也可实现高生产率。

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引用次数: 0

A review on 3D printing with clay and sawdust/natural fibers: Printability, rheology, properties, and applications 粘土和锯屑/天然纤维三维打印综述：可打印性、流变性、特性和应用

IF 6 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103024

Biva Gyawali , Ramtin Haghnazar , Pavan Akula , Kamran Alba , Vahid Nasir

This review discusses the opportunities and challenges of 3D printing using clay and natural fibers with a focus on wood sawdust in direct ink writing (DIW) method. Using earthen and natural materials promotes sustainable and affordable construction. Additive manufacturing also offers low-cost and fast construction and facilitates the transition towards automated and customized practices. Considerations in preparing print slurry using clay and sawdust/natural fiber are presented. The key rheological tests and criteria to assess the printability and characteristics of fresh printing slurry are discussed. Printability of fresh slurry is explained with a focus on flowability, extrudability, and buildability. Additionally, the mechanical properties of 3D-printed clay composites reinforced with natural fibers are reviewed. The review shows the complex role of using wood sawdust and natural fiber in clay 3D printing. While such an addition may compromise the strength properties of clay composite, it improves the shrinkage and cracks following print task. The study concludes that post-printing performance shall be linked to proper design of print slurry via rheological characterization techniques. Further research is required to establish the fresh ink printability criteria. These criteria should account for rheology of fresh slurry, different loading scenarios of in-service printed structure, and geometrical complexities and requirements of final product. To fully leverage the power of 3D printing in customized fabrication and construction, additive manufacturing can be practiced by focusing on aesthetic and architectural design. Clay 3D printing can also be integrated with computational design to fabricate building structures with exterior (façade) and/or interior applications.

本综述讨论了使用粘土和天然纤维进行三维打印的机遇和挑战，重点是直接油墨书写（DIW）方法中的木锯屑。使用泥土和天然材料可促进可持续发展和经济实惠的建筑。增材制造还能提供低成本、快速的建筑，并促进向自动化和定制化做法过渡。本文介绍了使用粘土和锯屑/天然纤维制备印刷浆料的注意事项。讨论了评估新鲜印刷浆料印刷性和特性的关键流变测试和标准。对新鲜泥浆的可印刷性进行了解释，重点是流动性、可挤压性和可构建性。此外，还综述了用天然纤维增强的 3D 打印粘土复合材料的机械性能。综述显示了在粘土三维打印中使用木锯屑和天然纤维的复杂作用。虽然这种添加可能会影响粘土复合材料的强度特性，但却能改善打印任务后的收缩和裂缝。研究得出结论，打印后的性能应与通过流变表征技术对打印浆料进行适当设计有关。需要开展进一步研究，以确定新墨印刷性标准。这些标准应考虑到新鲜浆料的流变性、在役打印结构的不同加载情况以及最终产品的几何复杂性和要求。为了充分发挥三维打印在定制制造和建筑方面的威力，可以通过关注美学和建筑设计来实践增材制造。粘土三维打印还可以与计算设计相结合，制造出具有外部（立面）和/或内部应用的建筑结构。

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引用次数: 0

Recent advances in supercapacitors based on MXene surface modification: A review of symmetric and asymmetric electrodes material 基于 MXene 表面改性的超级电容器的最新进展：对称和不对称电极材料综述

IF 6 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103045

Ghobad Behzadi pour , Leila Fekri aval

MXene-based supercapacitors utilize symmetric or asymmetric electrodes. Symmetric electrodes use the same MXene material for positive/negative electrodes, providing balanced performance and stability. Asymmetric electrodes incorporate different MXene materials or combine MXene with other substances to enhance energy density (ED), stability, specific capacitance (SC), and power density (PD). The symmetric and asymmetric configurations make MXene-based supercapacitors versatile for various applications. In this review, we have summarized MXene-based supercapacitors using symmetric and asymmetric electrode materials. A comparative study has been done on the surface modification of the MXene-based supercapacitor electrodes using doping, polymer decorations, anchoring of nickel materials, and coupled carbon nanomaterials methods. The discoveries from this research serve as an invaluable reference for upcoming researchers, contributing to their comprehension of the performance and potential applications of MXene electrodes of supercapacitor technology.

基于 MXene 的超级电容器采用对称或不对称电极。对称电极的正极/负极使用相同的 MXene 材料，可提供均衡的性能和稳定性。非对称电极采用不同的 MXene 材料或将 MXene 与其他物质相结合，以提高能量密度 (ED)、稳定性、比电容 (SC) 和功率密度 (PD)。对称和非对称结构使基于 MXene 的超级电容器具有多种用途。在本综述中，我们总结了使用对称和非对称电极材料的基于 MXene 的超级电容器。我们采用掺杂、聚合物装饰、镍材料锚定和碳纳米材料耦合等方法，对基于 MXene 的超级电容器电极的表面改性进行了比较研究。这项研究的发现对未来的研究人员是一个宝贵的参考，有助于他们理解超级电容器技术中 MXene 电极的性能和潜在应用。

引用次数: 0

Understanding lithium-ion battery management systems in electric vehicles: Environmental and health impacts, comparative study, and future trends: A review 了解电动汽车中的锂离子电池管理系统：环境和健康影响、比较研究和未来趋势：综述

IF 6 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103047

R. Suganya, L.M.I. Leo Joseph, Sreedhar Kollem

The future of transportation is moving toward electric vehicles (EVs), driven by the global demand for sustainability. At the core of EV technology is the Battery Management System (BMS), which plays a vital role in ensuring the safety, efficiency, and longevity of batteries. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are key to EV performance, and ongoing advances are enhancing their durability and adaptability to variations in temperature, voltage, and other internal parameters. This review aims to support researchers and academics by providing a deeper understanding of the environmental and health impact of EVs. Additionally, the article offers a comprehensive analysis of various algorithms used for parameter estimation in BMS, discussing their advantages, limitations, and practical implications. It also addresses key challenges in EV adoption, such as range anxiety and the development of charging infrastructure. By exploring these aspects, the review provides valuable information on improving BMS efficiency and battery technologies, supporting the future growth of cleaner and more sustainable electric transportation.

在全球对可持续发展需求的推动下，未来的交通正朝着电动汽车（EV）的方向发展。电动汽车技术的核心是电池管理系统（BMS），它在确保电池的安全性、效率和寿命方面发挥着至关重要的作用。锂离子电池（LIB）是电动汽车性能的关键，不断取得的进步增强了其耐用性以及对温度、电压和其他内部参数变化的适应性。本综述旨在为研究人员和学者提供支持，让他们更深入地了解电动汽车对环境和健康的影响。此外，文章还全面分析了用于 BMS 参数估计的各种算法，讨论了它们的优势、局限性和实际意义。文章还探讨了电动汽车应用中的关键挑战，如续航焦虑和充电基础设施的发展。通过对这些方面的探讨，该综述为提高 BMS 效率和电池技术提供了有价值的信息，从而为更清洁、更可持续的电动交通工具的未来发展提供支持。

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引用次数: 0

A review on sustainable machining: Technological advancements, health and safety considerations, and related environmental impacts 可持续加工回顾：技术进步、健康和安全考虑因素以及相关环境影响

IF 6 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103042

Ammar Elsheikh , Ali B.M. Ali , Amal Saba , Hosam Faqeha , Albraa A. Alsaati , Abdullah M. Maghfuri , Walaa Abd-Elaziem , Ahmed A. El Ashmawy , Ninshu Ma

The evolution of advanced engineering materials and high-speed cutting techniques has emphasized the critical role of cutting fluids (CFs) in machining processes to meet sustainability requirements. Cutting fluids application offers several key benefits, including temperature reduction during cutting, decreased friction between the workpiece/chip and tool, extended tool lifespan, enhanced machining efficiency, and boosted surface finish. These positive outcomes are primarily attributed to the core functions of cutting fluid, namely lubrication, cooling, cleaning, and corrosion protection. However, they have serious disadvantages such as posing risks to ecosystems and human health as well as high disposal costs. Despite these disadvantages, ongoing research and development efforts are focused on improving the environmental sustainability, health and safety, and performance of metal cutting fluids through the use of green biodegradable oils, developing advanced recycling technologies, and the use of efficient application methods such as high-pressure cooling and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). This review paper sheds light on sustainable machining technologies that are utilized to minimize the environmental impacts of conventional cutting fluids. Different types of CFs including their benefits and role in cutting operations are also introduced. Finally, sustainable assessment including economical, environmental, and social aspects of green machining technologies is discussed.

先进工程材料和高速切削技术的发展强调了切削液（CF）在加工过程中的关键作用，以满足可持续发展的要求。切削液的应用具有多种主要优势，包括降低切削过程中的温度、减少工件/切屑与刀具之间的摩擦、延长刀具寿命、提高加工效率以及改善表面光洁度。这些积极成果主要归功于切削液的核心功能，即润滑、冷却、清洁和防腐蚀。然而，它们也有严重的缺点，如对生态系统和人类健康构成风险以及高昂的处理成本。尽管存在这些缺点，但目前的研发工作主要集中在通过使用绿色可生物降解油、开发先进的回收技术以及使用高压冷却和最小量润滑 (MQL) 等高效应用方法来改善金属切削液的环境可持续性、健康和安全以及性能。本综述介绍了可持续加工技术，这些技术可用于最大限度地减少传统切削液对环境的影响。此外，还介绍了不同类型的切削液，包括它们在切削操作中的优点和作用。最后，还讨论了绿色加工技术的可持续评估，包括经济、环境和社会方面。

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引用次数: 0

Applying graphene oxide Nanosheets(GONSs) in WBM to enhance its properties and well bore stability: A literature review 在 WBM 中应用氧化石墨烯纳米片（GONSs）以增强其性能和井眼稳定性：文献综述

IF 6 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103015

Ahmed R. AlBajalan , Azad A. Rasol , M.N.A.M. Norddin , Jeffry O. Oseh , Muftahu N. Yahya , Okwaraku S. Ikenna

The petroleum industry has recently demonstrated a growing interest in incorporating nanomaterials into drilling fluid applications. This incorporation has revealed a remarkable ability of nano-additives to improve drilling fluids’ efficiency and performance. The two-dimensional honeycomb lattice graphene oxide nanosheets (GONSs) have received significant attention for drilling fluid applications. Adding a small quantity of GONSs into water-based drilling fluids can enhance their efficiency and properties. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the recent synthesizing methods of GO nanosheets. In addition, the rheological properties of water-based mud, such as plastic viscosity (PV), yield point (YP), and fluid loss will be examined using both unmodified and surface modified GONSs. The effect of GONSs on shale wellbore stability will also be analysed based on recent experimental studies. The results showed that incorporating GONSs in WBM has a significant impact on shale wellbore stability by physically plugging the nano-sized pores of shale formation. This minimizes the interaction between water molecules and shale formation and preventing shale hydration and swelling. The GONSs as WBM additives have enhanced the rheological and filtration properties. It also produces much more compacted filter cakes compared to those formed by conventional clay-based materials. However, future research should explore the use of GONSs in oil-based muds (OBMs), evaluate their properties, and compare the results with conventional WBMs. Additionally, most GO-WBM research studies were conducted on a laboratory scale, so it is necessary to be examined on an industrial scale. The toxicity effect of GO nanosheets should also be evaluated before utilizing them in drilling operations.

最近，石油工业对在钻井液应用中加入纳米材料的兴趣与日俱增。纳米添加剂在提高钻井液的效率和性能方面具有卓越的能力。二维蜂窝晶格氧化石墨烯纳米片（GONSs）在钻井液应用中受到了极大关注。在水基钻井液中添加少量 GONSs 可以提高钻井液的效率和性能。本文全面综述了近年来合成 GO 纳米片的方法。此外，还将使用未改性和表面改性的 GONS 考察水基泥浆的流变特性，如塑性粘度（PV）、屈服点（YP）和流体损失。还将根据最近的实验研究分析 GONS 对页岩井筒稳定性的影响。研究结果表明，在 WBM 中加入 GONSs 可以通过物理方式堵塞页岩层的纳米级孔隙，从而对页岩井筒的稳定性产生重大影响。这可以最大程度地减少水分子与页岩层之间的相互作用，防止页岩水化和膨胀。作为 WBM 添加剂的 GONS 增强了流变和过滤性能。与传统的粘土基材料相比，它还能产生更加密实的滤饼。不过，未来的研究应该探索在油基泥浆（OBM）中使用 GONS，评估其特性，并将结果与传统的 WBM 进行比较。此外，大多数 GO-WBM 研究都是在实验室规模上进行的，因此有必要在工业规模上进行研究。在钻井作业中使用 GO 纳米片之前，还应该对其毒性效果进行评估。

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引用次数: 0

A survey of challenges and potential of implementing a resilient network for Pakistan's electric power infrastructure to avoid blackouts 巴基斯坦电力基础设施实施弹性网络以避免停电的挑战和潜力调查

IF 6 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103004

Ijaz Ahmed , Muhammad Adnan , Sajid Iqbal , Ali Raza , Waqas Hassan , Salah Eldeen Gasim Mohamed

Power systems are the most complicated networks that play a crucial role in daily lifestyles. To operate such systems in a stable condition, several control and protection strategies are required. Despite preventative measures, power systems still experience issues and breakdowns like power outages. However, severe and unanticipated conditions might cause damage to the entire system and causes blackout. In this article we studied the analysis of the significant blackouts and cascading failures that have been happened in Pakistan in last few years. The authors proposed a new infrastructure for Pakistan energy sector by introducing advanced energy storage system and cutting edge technology like Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology that make the existing power system robust against these phenomena. The advanced energy storage systems include like solid- state batteries that play a vital role to balance supply and demand, while V2G enables electric vehicles to contribute to grid stability. The potential of these technologies is helpful to improve the grid stability and facilitate a sustainable energy transition. The role of various electric companies in Pakistan power infrastructure has also been discussed after an occurrence of such unplanned events in power system. It has been noted that the main cause of power outages is fluctuation in frequency and voltage collapse. Finally, various solutions have been proposed to overcome these problems and make sure the reliability and stability of power grid against blackout phenomena.

电力系统是最复杂的网络，在日常生活中起着至关重要的作用。要使这些系统稳定运行，需要采取多种控制和保护策略。尽管采取了预防措施，电力系统仍会出现停电等问题和故障。然而，严重的意外情况可能会对整个系统造成破坏，导致停电。在这篇文章中，我们对巴基斯坦过去几年发生的重大停电和连锁故障进行了分析研究。作者为巴基斯坦能源行业提出了一种新的基础设施，即引入先进的储能系统和前沿技术，如车对网（V2G）技术，使现有的电力系统能够抵御这些现象。先进的储能系统包括固态电池等，它们在平衡供需方面发挥着重要作用，而 V2G 则使电动汽车能够促进电网稳定。这些技术的潜力有助于提高电网稳定性，促进可持续能源转型。在电力系统发生此类意外事件后，还讨论了各电力公司在巴基斯坦电力基础设施中的作用。人们注意到，停电的主要原因是频率波动和电压崩溃。最后，还提出了各种解决方案，以克服这些问题，确保电网的可靠性和稳定性，防止停电现象的发生。

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