Results in Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Sulfuric acid-activated carbon from guava leaves for paracetamol adsorption","authors":"Zuhier Alakayleh","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103685","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research presents guava leaves-sulfuric acid-activated carbon (GLSAC) as a new low-cost adsorbent for paracetamol (PRC) removal from water. The adsorption experiments studied the effects of GLSAC amount, contact time, pH, and PRC concentration on the adsorption performance. Results demonstrated that the Freundlich model (R² = 99.7 %) was the most appropriate fit for the experimental data therefore confirming the existence of a non-homogeneous surface with multilayer adsorption. The kinetic study indicated that pseudo-first-order (R² = 96 %) and pseudo-second-order models (R² = 99.9 %) could well explain the adsorption process. Thermodynamic studies have proved that the process of adsorption is spontaneous, exothermic, and there is a decrease in system disorder with Δ<em>G°</em> values ranging from -5.91 to -3.34 kJ/mol, Δ<em>H°</em> = -24.7 kJ/mol, Δ<em>S°</em> = -0.062 kJ/mol.K. GLSAC exhibits an adsorption capacity of 13.3 mg offering an effective and sustainable adsorbent for PRC removal from water systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 103685"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anaerobic digestion of Gliricidia sepium inoculated with pig dung using a portable bio-digester for process optimization","authors":"Praise Ejigboye ,&nbsp;Olugbenga Elemile ,&nbsp;Abu Gana ,&nbsp;Oladipupo Oladejo ,&nbsp;Opeyemi Olajide ,&nbsp;Boluwatife Badejoko ,&nbsp;Rapuruchukwu Mezue ,&nbsp;Maureen Gesiye","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy is essential for development, and sustainable energy systems are required for long-term development. Anaerobic digestion (AD) provides a sustainable approach to managing organic waste and supplying energy. This study focus on the optimization of anaerobic digestion of <em>Gliricidia sepium</em> with pig dung using response surface methodology (RSM). Central Composite Design was used for experimental design to generate the best process level and predict the optimal process. The three variable used were: mixing ratios of substrate/inoculum (S/I) ratios (1:1, 1:1.55, and 1:3.5), hydraulic retention time (HRT) (20 to 30 days), and temperature) using 25 Litre-biogas plastic digesters. Substrate characterization was performed using standard methods to assess physico-chemical and microbial properties. The model's viability was statistically tested using ANOVA to identify significant differences. The hemicellulose concentration reduced from 9 to 3 after the thermo-alkaline pretreatment. T.alkalinity, T.nitrogen, T.phosphate, T.carbon, Iron, zinc, aluminum, copper, BOD, COD, as well as potassium, sulphate, calcium, magnesium, total solids, volatile solids and manganese all showed an increase after pre-treatment. The difference between Predicted R² (0.8966) and Adjusted R² (0.9848), the model shows strong correlation and agreement with experimental data. The model's significance is confirmed by a p-value of 0.0001. This indicates a high degree of correlation between experimental data and the model. Co-digesting <em>Gliricidia sepium</em> and pig manure yields 0.0764 m³/kg with 58.26 % methane content, suitable for small-scale applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 103550"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative assessment of reflected light characteristics on solar panel","authors":"Piroska Víg","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When using solar panels, the appearance of the surfaces results in a change in the optical parameters of our environment. The solar panel and the PV/T collector can change the intensity of the radiation, the spectrum and the polarization of the light, which has a serious effect on living organisms sensitive to these parameters. The present article examines these optical effects of solar panels and investigates how close they are to the optical effect produced by water surfaces. Under artificial lighting, in laboratory conditions, it examines the dependence of the spectrum, intensity and polarization of the light reflected from the solar panel on the angle of incidence. Based on the measurement data, it can be stated that the approximation is the greatest at an elevation angle of around 40° and this also results in the similarity of the polarization for this range in the case of the two surfaces. The obtained numerical results are also supported by measurements in a natural environment. The results of the research are important for the expectations regarding the properties of special nanotechnology coatings applied to solar surfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 103655"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomass pyrolysis for biochar production: Study of kinetics parameters and effect of temperature on biochar yield and its physicochemical properties","authors":"Nikhill Rambhatla ,&nbsp;Tanushka Florence Panicker ,&nbsp;Ranjeet Kumar Mishra ,&nbsp;Srinivas Kini Manjeshwar ,&nbsp;Abhishek Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the pyrolysis kinetics behaviour and temperature effects on biochar yield and properties during pyrolysis. The kinetic study of biomass was performed using a thermogravimetric analyser at dynamic heating rates (10, 30, and 50 °C min⁻¹) in an inert atmosphere. The kinetic parameters were estimated using Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Distributed Activation Energy Model (DAEM), and Vyazovkin model (VZ). The pyrolysis experiment was performed in a stainless steel semi-batch reactor at 400, 600, and 900 °C, 10 ^oC min^-1 heating rate, 45 min holding time and 100 mL min⁻¹ nitrogen gas flow rate. The produced biochar was characterised using proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, heating value, bulk density, BET surface area analyser, TGA, FTIR, and FE-SEM analysis. The physicochemical results support the candidacy of biomass for biochar and fuel production. Further, the kinetic analysis of MWS using KAS, DAEM, and VZ was found to be 233.39, 238.11, and 224.74 kJ mol⁻¹, respectively. The experimental results reveal that higher temperatures (600 and 900 °C) generally reduce biochar yield (19 %) due to increased devolatilization but enhance the biochar's surface area (17 %) and carbon content (4.84 %). The characterisation results of biochar confirmed higher carbon content (76.02 wt. %), HHV (36.97 MJ kg⁻¹), and significant oxygen content (22.01 %) at 900 °C. Also, the thermal profile and surface morphology of the biochar suggest that biochar derived at 600 and 900 °C can be used for carbon-based applications, whereas biochar derived at 400 °C can be used for soil amendment or fertiliser applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 103679"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced wombat optimization algorithm for multi-objective optimal power flow in renewable energy and electric vehicle integrated systems","authors":"Karthik Nagarajan ,&nbsp;Arul Rajagopalan ,&nbsp;Mohit Bajaj ,&nbsp;Valliappan Raju ,&nbsp;Vojtech Blazek","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the authors propose the Enhanced Wombat Optimization Algorithm (EWOA) as a solution for the optimal power flow (OPF) issue that occurs in transmission networks. With the incorporation of different types of uncertainties like wind energy, solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), the conventional OPF was made to undergo transformation as a stochastic OPF. In order to enhance the method's diversity, a Levy flight mechanism was integrated into the algorithm. For this study, the OPF problem was developed as a Multi-Objective Optimization (MOO) problem with the following objectives such as active power loss, emissions and generation cost. Then, the authors deployed the Monte Carlo simulations to determine the generation costs incurred upon wind energy, solar PV, and PEV sources. This was done so to reduce the overall costs and also overcome the system issues like feasibility and affordability. Further, the authors also used Weibull, lognormal and normal probability distribution functions (PDFs) for characterizing the uncertainties faced in solar PV, wind energy and PEV sources. In various scenarios, the proposed method was validated for its efficacy on IEEE 30-bus, IEEE 57-bus, and IEEE 118-bus systems. This was done so to demonstrate its capability and address the complexities involved in OPF problem under different conditions. The key advancement of the proposed EWOA is that it integrates the Levy flight mechanism and chaotic sine map, which in turn dramatically boost its optimization capabilities. These mechanisms further contribute to optimal outcomes in terms of less active power loss and low operation costs and emissions. To be specific, the proposed EWOA attained the finest outcomes in terms of generation cost ($731.41/h) and 0.1989 ton/h for emissions in the altered IEEE 30-bus system, $35,642.53/h for cost and 0.8683 ton/h for emissions in the altered IEEE 57-bus system, and $127,753.82/h for cost and 33.2763 MW for real power loss in the altered IEEE 118-bus system. In line with the outcomes, the EWOA presented in this study exhibits strong convergence characteristics and effectively explores the Pareto front. In summary, the EWOA method surpasses the standard WOA outcomes by providing superior exploration capabilities, rapid convergence, robust constraint management, and low sensitivity to variations in the parameters. These advantages make EWOA an effective solution for tackling optimal power flow and other such complex multi-objective optimization challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 103671"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Far-UVC (222 nm) disinfection performance in residential spaces: Experimental study on Bacillus subtilis contamination","authors":"Jong-Il Bang ,&nbsp;Ye-Lim Jo ,&nbsp;Eun-Tack Lee ,&nbsp;Minki Sung","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) with a 254 nm wavelength is widely used for sterilization due to its high efficacy in microbial inactivation. However, its application in daily environments is hindered by potential risks to skin and eye health upon direct exposure. Recently, far-UVC light at a safer wavelength of 222 nm has shown promise in maintaining human safety while effectively inactivating microorganisms. This study evaluates the disinfection performance of far-UVC (222 nm) in typical residential settings, specifically in high-touch areas such as shoe racks and bathrooms, with varied irradiation distances and times. Targeting <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>, a resilient model organism, we observed significant microbial reductions: a 91 % reduction on shoe racks within 5 min and a 50 % reduction in bathrooms over 4 h Calculated sterilization coefficients (<em>k</em> values) for <em>B. subtilis</em> on shoe racks and in bathrooms were 0.196 m²/J (R² = 0.98) and 0.202 m²/J (R² = 0.81), respectively, closely matching the manufacturer's specification of 0.1956 m²/J. Far-UVC also demonstrated compliance with IEC 62471 safety standards, supporting its use in daily residential environments. These findings support the evidence for far-UVC's efficacy and safety in controlling microbial contamination in residential spaces, offering practical solutions for enhanced hygiene management in high-contact areas within households.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 103642"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electro-osmotic analysis of Williamson fluid model with viscous dissipation and enthalpy","authors":"T. Salahuddin ,&nbsp;Saba Tariq ,&nbsp;Mair Khan ,&nbsp;Muhammad Awais ,&nbsp;M. Afzal","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current approach aims to investigate the behavior of Williamson fluid model convoyed with thermal radiation, viscous dissipation and activation energy between sinusoidal walls. The electro-osmotic phenomenon is modeled through Poisson-Boltzmann equation. Electro-osmotic fluid has many applications such as, electro-osmotic fluid pumps, liquid medicine delivery, micro-fabricated fluid devices and lab-on-a-chip devices, etc. The model is produced by using a very relatively small Reynolds number and the long-wavelength approximation. Dimensionless transformations are used to reduce the system into dimensional form. DSolve command in MATHIMATICA and perturbation approach is used to simplify the governing equations. After applying the perturbation technique, graphs are used to illustrate the physical effects of temperature, velocity, concentration, pressure gradient, and streamline distribution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 103635"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exact soliton solutions, bifurcation, sensitivity and stability analysis of the fractional longitudinal wave equation in magneto-electro-elastic circular rod","authors":"Mst. Munny Khatun ,&nbsp;Sujoy Devnath ,&nbsp;M. Ali Akbar ,&nbsp;Salah Boulaaras ,&nbsp;M.S. Osman","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article examines the exact wave solutions, stability, bifurcation, and sensitivity analysis of the beta space-time fractional longitudinal wave equation in the magneto-electro-elastic circular rod. The governing model has wide-ranging applications in diverse fields of engineering, physical sciences, and technology like, aerodynamics, magneto-hydrodynamics, plasma physics, and others. We adopt a straightforward scheme named the <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><msup><mstyle><mi>Φ</mi></mstyle><mo>′</mo></msup><mo>/</mo><mstyle><mi>Φ</mi></mstyle><mo>,</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mstyle><mi>Φ</mi></mstyle></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>-expansion method to scrutinize analytic solutions of the deliberated model. The present study offers several novel solitons for this equation, such as multi-soliton, periodic, kink, bell-shaped, W-shaped, breather, and singular solitons. These soliton solutions help to describe how energy and information propagate in magneto-electro-elastic circular rod, which are crucial for advanced applications in sensing, actuation, and energy conversion. Kink solitons represent topological waves or transition waves that connect two different equilibrium states of the system, bell-shaped soliton represents a concentrated energy packet moving through the medium without dispersion, breather solitons represent localized energy bursts that do not dissipate over time. Three-dimensional, two-dimensional, and contour plots are portrayed by selecting suitable values of the parameters to comprehend the physical feature of the obtained solutions. The Hopf and transcritical bifurcation have been investigated and phase-plane of the corresponding dynamical system are portrayed to study the bifurcation and equilibrium state of the model. Besides, the sensitivity analysis reveals the impact of free parameters involved in the focused equation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 103625"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating MIMO technology in free space optical communication systems for evaluating performance across various environment parameters","authors":"Ramanababu Challapalli,&nbsp;P. Chitra","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Free-space optical communication (FSOC) has gained approval for its ability to transmit large amounts of information over a reasonable range without requiring an optical fibre structure. Despite the recent disagreement on constrained capability, it has emerged as the most optimal option for the optical communications domain. Because environmental factors have a huge effect on the capacity and availability of free-space optical (FSO) links, especially when adverse weather lowers the signal strength and visibility range, this study looks at what happens to the FSO link when the atmosphere is turbulent in different ways. This case study comprehensively examines how weather conditions reduce signal strength. When we look at the visible spectrum, Q-factor, and BER, we can see that the implied MIMO with the spatial diversity-MRC technique and double-boosted optical amplifier is much better than the previous simulation-based work. We use advanced techniques, such as MIMO technology for double-boosted amplifiers and the Bessel optical filter, to create a model that outperforms previous methods in terms of the quality factor and BER.The proposed system demonstrates exceptional performance, achieving a Q-factor of 72.29 under heavy rain and 58.31 under dense fog, surpassing previous models by 15–20 %. Additionally, the bit error rate (BER) was maintained at near-zero levels across all weather conditions, with the only exception being severe snow, where the BER reached<span><math><mrow><mn>4.22</mn><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>18</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, highlighting the system's robustness and reliability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 103617"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effectiveness of the combination of breakwater and trench in reducing waves","authors":"I. Magdalena ,&nbsp;Muh. Afdal Abidin ,&nbsp;Moh. Ivan Azis ,&nbsp;Widowati ,&nbsp;Imam Solekhudin","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coastal areas are increasingly threatened by climate change, leading to rising sea levels and more intense storms that accelerate erosion and damage coastal infrastructure. This study investigates a novel approach to coastal protection by combining breakwater and trench structures to reduce wave energy and protect shorelines from erosion. Using the Shallow Water Equations (SWE) model with leapfrog and Lax-Wendroff finite difference schemes, we simulate the interaction of waves with these structures over varying bottom topographies. Our research reveals that wave reduction is more effective with higher breakwaters and deeper trenches. An optimal configuration was identified with a breakwater height of 6 meters and a trench depth of 14 meters, combined with a breakwater length of 2 meters and a trench length of 3 meters, achieving a wave energy reduction of approximately 8.3%. These findings highlight the potential of this combined approach to enhance coastal defense strategies, offering a robust solution for increasing resilience against climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 103530"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}