Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2024.07.001
Ali Husain MBBCh , Julius Jelisejevas MD , Andrew Chatfield MBCHB , Mariama Akodad MD, PhD , Sandra B. Lauck PhD , Leslie Achtem RN , Erin Tang MSN , Fady Zaky MBBS , Philipp Blanke MD , Jonathan Leipsic MD , Stephanie L. Sellers MSc, PhD , Jian Ye MD , Anson Cheung MD , Robert Moss MD , David Wood MD , Robert Boone MD , David Meier MD , Janarthanan Sathananthan MBCHB, MPH , John G. Webb MD
Background
Novel pathways are needed to accommodate the increasing demand for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and ensure equitable access. A single Vancouver Facilitated TAVI program (VFTP) based at St. Paul's and Vancouver General Hospitals was established to streamline the assessment of remote patients with severe aortic stenosis using virtual technologies.
Methods
Remote patients with severe aortic stenosis who expressed difficulties traveling to complete their pre-TAVI workup were included and received prospective follow-up. Clinical and echocardiographic parameters were reported per the Valve Academic Research Consortium 3.
Results
Between December 2020 and March 2023, a total of 56 remote patients were included in the VFTP. The mean patient age was 79.7 ± 9.1 years. A total of 55 patients (98%) passed the screening for candidacy; 45 patients (80%) were found suitable for transfemoral TAVI, 5 patients (9%) were directed toward surgical aortic valve replacement; 3 (5%) underwent alternative-access TAVI; and 2 patients (4%) were assigned to a watchful waiting strategy. No inpatient mortality, stroke, or major bleeding occurred in the transfemoral TAVI group, and the median hospital stay was 1 day (interquartile range, 1-2 days; range, 1-24 days). Two patients had an access-closure failure requiring surgical intervention; 1 patient had tamponade; and 4 patients had complete heart block requiring permanent pacemaker implantation. No hospital readmission had occurred at 30 days.
Conclusions
A simplified assessment pathway to assess TAVI candidacy using virtual technologies is safe and feasible. The VFTP potentially can increase access to TAVI and reduce inequity in TAVI care.
{"title":"An Optimized Assessment Pathway for Remote Patients: The Vancouver Facilitated Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Program","authors":"Ali Husain MBBCh , Julius Jelisejevas MD , Andrew Chatfield MBCHB , Mariama Akodad MD, PhD , Sandra B. Lauck PhD , Leslie Achtem RN , Erin Tang MSN , Fady Zaky MBBS , Philipp Blanke MD , Jonathan Leipsic MD , Stephanie L. Sellers MSc, PhD , Jian Ye MD , Anson Cheung MD , Robert Moss MD , David Wood MD , Robert Boone MD , David Meier MD , Janarthanan Sathananthan MBCHB, MPH , John G. Webb MD","doi":"10.1016/j.cjco.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjco.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Novel pathways are needed to accommodate the increasing demand for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and ensure equitable access. A single Vancouver Facilitated TAVI program (VFTP) based at St. Paul's and Vancouver General Hospitals was established to streamline the assessment of remote patients with severe aortic stenosis using virtual technologies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Remote patients with severe aortic stenosis who expressed difficulties traveling to complete their pre-TAVI workup were included and received prospective follow-up. Clinical and echocardiographic parameters were reported per the Valve Academic Research Consortium 3.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Between December 2020 and March 2023, a total of 56 remote patients were included in the VFTP. The mean patient age was 79.7 ± 9.1 years. A total of 55 patients (98%) passed the screening for candidacy; 45 patients (80%) were found suitable for transfemoral TAVI, 5 patients (9%) were directed toward surgical aortic valve replacement; 3 (5%) underwent alternative-access TAVI; and 2 patients (4%) were assigned to a watchful waiting strategy. No inpatient mortality, stroke, or major bleeding occurred in the transfemoral TAVI group, and the median hospital stay was 1 day (interquartile range, 1-2 days; range, 1-24 days). Two patients had an access-closure failure requiring surgical intervention; 1 patient had tamponade; and 4 patients had complete heart block requiring permanent pacemaker implantation. No hospital readmission had occurred at 30 days.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A simplified assessment pathway to assess TAVI candidacy using virtual technologies is safe and feasible. The VFTP potentially can increase access to TAVI and reduce inequity in TAVI care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36924,"journal":{"name":"CJC Open","volume":"6 10","pages":"Pages 1220-1226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141692257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2024.07.003
Emma Alicia MacLean BScN , Ethan Joel Fogarty BSc , Benjamin James Peterson MA , Shirley Xu BSc , Nicholas Blair Giacomantonio MD
Background
This study had the following 3 goals: (i) to assess the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in a Nova Scotian population; (ii) to evaluate the validity of the Edinburgh Claudication Questionnaire (ECQ) in a Nova Scotian context; and (iii) to evaluate Nova Scotian public knowledge about PAD.
Methods
Participants were recruited from 8 sites across Nova Scotia. In 2022, they were recruited at Heartland Tour (HLT) sites—a provincial health-promotion campaign. In 2023, they were recruited in communities coinciding with HLT sites (public [PUB]). Participants completed a demographics questionnaire, ECQ, and had an ankle–brachial index (ABI) measurement. An ABI of < 0.9 was considered positive for presence of PAD.
Results
A total of 417 participants were recruited, 263 from HLT, and 154 from PUB. A total of 398 participants had ABI scores resulting in a PAD prevalence of 2.81% (249 participants) in the HLT group, and 5.37% (149 participants) in the PUB group. A total of 394 participants had both ABI and ECQ scores, with a found sensitivity of 6.67% (confidence interval 0.17%-31.95%) and specificity of 97.63% (confidence interval 95.54%-98.91%). A total of 75% of participants (311 of 417) did not have prior knowledge of PAD.
Conclusions
The PAD prevalences in both cohorts were higher than anticipated, with the PUB cohort being more than double the national average. This finding raises the following question: should specific PAD primary and/or secondary prevention strategies be targeted within the province? Our study demonstrated that a public-awareness campaign would be highly impactful, owing to a low level of awareness of PAD within both cohorts, and that the ECQ was not an effective screening tool when used on the Nova Scotian population.
背景这项研究有以下 3 个目标:(i) 评估外周动脉疾病 (PAD) 在新斯科舍省人口中的患病率;(ii) 评估爱丁堡跛行问卷 (ECQ) 在新斯科舍省环境中的有效性;(iii) 评估新斯科舍省公众对 PAD 的了解程度。2022 年,他们在心脏地带之旅 (HLT) 站点招募,这是一项省级健康推广活动。2023 年,在与 HLT 站点(公共场所 [PUB])重合的社区招募参与者。参与者填写了人口统计学问卷、ECQ,并进行了踝肱指数(ABI)测量。结果共招募了 417 名参与者,其中 263 人来自 HLT,154 人来自 PUB。共有 398 名参与者进行了 ABI 评分,结果 HLT 组的 PAD 患病率为 2.81%(249 人),PUB 组的 PAD 患病率为 5.37%(149 人)。共有 394 名参与者同时拥有 ABI 和 ECQ 分数,灵敏度为 6.67%(置信区间为 0.17%-31.95%),特异度为 97.63%(置信区间为 95.54%-98.91%)。共有 75% 的参与者(417 人中有 311 人)事先并不了解 PAD。这一发现提出了以下问题:是否应在全省范围内采取特定的 PAD 一级和/或二级预防策略?我们的研究表明,由于两个队列中的人群对 PAD 的认识水平较低,因此公众宣传活动会产生很大的影响,而且在新斯科舍省人群中使用 ECQ 并不是一种有效的筛查工具。
{"title":"Peripheral Arterial Disease in Nova Scotia: Increased Prevalence, Low Public Awareness, and Poor Edinburgh Claudication Questionnaire Sensitivity","authors":"Emma Alicia MacLean BScN , Ethan Joel Fogarty BSc , Benjamin James Peterson MA , Shirley Xu BSc , Nicholas Blair Giacomantonio MD","doi":"10.1016/j.cjco.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjco.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study had the following 3 goals: (i) to assess the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in a Nova Scotian population; (ii) to evaluate the validity of the Edinburgh Claudication Questionnaire (ECQ) in a Nova Scotian context; and (iii) to evaluate Nova Scotian public knowledge about PAD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants were recruited from 8 sites across Nova Scotia. In 2022, they were recruited at Heartland Tour (HLT) sites—a provincial health-promotion campaign. In 2023, they were recruited in communities coinciding with HLT sites (public [PUB]). Participants completed a demographics questionnaire, ECQ, and had an ankle–brachial index (ABI) measurement. An ABI of < 0.9 was considered positive for presence of PAD.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 417 participants were recruited, 263 from HLT, and 154 from PUB. A total of 398 participants had ABI scores resulting in a PAD prevalence of 2.81% (249 participants) in the HLT group, and 5.37% (149 participants) in the PUB group. A total of 394 participants had both ABI and ECQ scores, with a found sensitivity of 6.67% (confidence interval 0.17%-31.95%) and specificity of 97.63% (confidence interval 95.54%-98.91%). A total of 75% of participants (311 of 417) did not have prior knowledge of PAD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The PAD prevalences in both cohorts were higher than anticipated, with the PUB cohort being more than double the national average. This finding raises the following question: should specific PAD primary and/or secondary prevention strategies be targeted within the province? Our study demonstrated that a public-awareness campaign would be highly impactful, owing to a low level of awareness of PAD within both cohorts, and that the ECQ was not an effective screening tool when used on the Nova Scotian population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36924,"journal":{"name":"CJC Open","volume":"6 10","pages":"Pages 1210-1219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141704762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2024.06.012
Rachel N. Moxham MRT(R), BSc, MSc , Marc-André d’Entremont MD, MPH , Hassan Mir MD, MHI, MPH, FRCPC , JD Schwalm MD, MSc , Madhu K. Natarajan MD, MSc , Sanjit S. Jolly MD, MSc
Background
Prehospital transmission of the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) to the interventional cardiologist has become the standard of care in many ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) networks but has not been adopted universally. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we assess the effect of prehospital digital ECG transmission in STEMI patients on door-to-device times, first medical contact-to-device times, and mortality.
Methods
We performed a systematic review of all English-language studies in MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL (from inception to July 24, 2023), comparing the effect of prehospital digital ECG transmission to that of no ECG transmission in STEMI patients. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis.
Results
We included 17 observational studies totalling 4306 patients. Door-to-device times were reduced by 33.3 minutes in patients with prehospital digital ECG transmission (95% confidence intervals [CIs] -50.5, -16.2 minutes; P < 0.001; I2 99%). First-medical-contact-to-device time also was reduced with prehospital digital ECG transmission (mean difference, -24.7 minutes; 95% CI -37.1, -12.3 minutes; P < 0.001; I2 96%). Prehospital digital ECG transmissions was associated with a 47% reduction in mortality compared to no prehospital digital ECG transmission (117 of 1322 (8.9%) vs 181 of 1322 (13.7%), odds ratio 0.53, 95% CI 0.40, 0.69; P < 0.001; I2 = 0%).
Conclusions
Prehospital ECG transmission in STEMI patients, coupled with a systems of care reduced door-to-device times, first-medical-contact-to-device times, and mortality. STEMI networks should consider these findings to advocate for prehospital ECG transmission within their systems of care.
{"title":"Effect of Prehospital Digital Electrocardiogram Transmission on Revascularization Delays and Mortality in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Rachel N. Moxham MRT(R), BSc, MSc , Marc-André d’Entremont MD, MPH , Hassan Mir MD, MHI, MPH, FRCPC , JD Schwalm MD, MSc , Madhu K. Natarajan MD, MSc , Sanjit S. Jolly MD, MSc","doi":"10.1016/j.cjco.2024.06.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjco.2024.06.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Prehospital transmission of the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) to the interventional cardiologist has become the standard of care in many ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) networks but has not been adopted universally. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we assess the effect of prehospital digital ECG transmission in STEMI patients on door-to-device times, first medical contact-to-device times, and mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We performed a systematic review of all English-language studies in MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL (from inception to July 24, 2023), comparing the effect of prehospital digital ECG transmission to that of no ECG transmission in STEMI patients. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We included 17 observational studies totalling 4306 patients. Door-to-device times were reduced by 33.3 minutes in patients with prehospital digital ECG transmission (95% confidence intervals [CIs] -50.5, -16.2 minutes; <em>P</em> < 0.001; I<sup>2</sup> 99%). First-medical-contact-to-device time also was reduced with prehospital digital ECG transmission (mean difference, -24.7 minutes; 95% CI -37.1, -12.3 minutes; <em>P</em> < 0.001; I<sup>2</sup> 96%). Prehospital digital ECG transmissions was associated with a 47% reduction in mortality compared to no prehospital digital ECG transmission (117 of 1322 (8.9%) vs 181 of 1322 (13.7%), odds ratio 0.53, 95% CI 0.40, 0.69; <em>P</em> < 0.001; I<sup>2</sup> = 0%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Prehospital ECG transmission in STEMI patients, coupled with a systems of care reduced door-to-device times, first-medical-contact-to-device times, and mortality. STEMI networks should consider these findings to advocate for prehospital ECG transmission within their systems of care.</div></div><div><h3>Study Registration</h3><div>CRD42024509271 (PROSPERO).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36924,"journal":{"name":"CJC Open","volume":"6 10","pages":"Pages 1199-1206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141707066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2024.06.011
Yingjie Ke MD , Linbin Hua MD , Shanwen Pang MD , Qiuji Wang MD , Zhaolong Zhang MD , Jian Liu MD , Huanlei Huang MD, PhD
{"title":"A New Era in High-Risk Tricuspid Valve Reoperation","authors":"Yingjie Ke MD , Linbin Hua MD , Shanwen Pang MD , Qiuji Wang MD , Zhaolong Zhang MD , Jian Liu MD , Huanlei Huang MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.cjco.2024.06.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjco.2024.06.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36924,"journal":{"name":"CJC Open","volume":"6 10","pages":"Pages 1227-1230"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141709431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2024.06.006
G.B. John Mancini MD , Glen J. Pearson PharmD, FCSHP, FCCS , Arden R. Barry PharmD , Patrick Couture MD, FRCP(C), PhD , Natalie Dayan MD, MSc , Gordon A. Francis MD , Jacques Genest MD , Jean C. Gregoire MD , Robert A. Hegele MD, PhD , Lawrence A. Leiter MD , Alexander A. Leung MD, MPH , Eva Lonn MD, MSc , Priya Manjoo MD, MSc , Daniel Ngui MD , Marie-Eve Piché MD, PhD , Paul Poirier MD, PhD , John L. Sievenpiper MD, PhD , George Thanassoulis MD , Richard Ward MD
Background
In Canada, 2 guidelines provide guidance for the management of dyslipidemia. The Patients, Experience, Evidence, Research simplified lipid guidelines, intended for primary care practitioners, and the Canadian Cardiovascular Society guidelines, intended for all practitioners, are based on differing methodologies with distinct priorities and preferences. The disparate approaches may contribute to confusion among family practitioners and their co-managed patients, with the potential for compromised care, differing standards for training in the fundamentals of lipidology, and differing criteria that might be used in practice audits to evaluate quality of care.
Methods
The Patients, Experience, Evidence, Research (PEER) recommendations were considered by primary authors of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society guideline to identify areas of concordance, discordance, or agreement with qualifications.
Results
Discordance between the guidelines is greatest with respect to interpretation of the cholesterol profile, the implications of elevated triglyceride, the utility of apolipoprotein B and non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol measurements, the role of nonstatin medications, and the importance of assuring adherence and avoiding undertreatment through follow-up measurement of lipid profiles. The disparate importance attached to identification of patients with enhanced risk due to an elevated lipoprotein (a) level is also apparent.
Conclusions
This comparison attempts to reconcile key principles of practice, to foster both high quality of care and fully informed patient-centred decision-making.
背景在加拿大,有两份指南为血脂异常的管理提供指导。患者、经验、证据、研究 "简化血脂指南适用于初级保健从业人员,而加拿大心血管协会指南适用于所有从业人员。方法加拿大心血管协会指南的主要作者考虑了患者、经验、证据、研究(PEER)的建议,以确定一致、不一致或与资格一致的领域。结果指南之间最不一致的地方是对胆固醇谱的解释、甘油三酯升高的影响、载脂蛋白 B 和非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇测量的效用、非他汀类药物的作用以及通过血脂谱随访测量确保坚持治疗和避免治疗不足的重要性。结论 本次比较试图协调实践中的主要原则,以促进高质量的护理和以患者为中心的充分知情决策。
{"title":"Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease in Primary Care: A Comment on the PEER Simplified Lipid Guideline","authors":"G.B. John Mancini MD , Glen J. Pearson PharmD, FCSHP, FCCS , Arden R. Barry PharmD , Patrick Couture MD, FRCP(C), PhD , Natalie Dayan MD, MSc , Gordon A. Francis MD , Jacques Genest MD , Jean C. Gregoire MD , Robert A. Hegele MD, PhD , Lawrence A. Leiter MD , Alexander A. Leung MD, MPH , Eva Lonn MD, MSc , Priya Manjoo MD, MSc , Daniel Ngui MD , Marie-Eve Piché MD, PhD , Paul Poirier MD, PhD , John L. Sievenpiper MD, PhD , George Thanassoulis MD , Richard Ward MD","doi":"10.1016/j.cjco.2024.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjco.2024.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In Canada, 2 guidelines provide guidance for the management of dyslipidemia. The Patients, Experience, Evidence, Research simplified lipid guidelines, intended for primary care practitioners, and the Canadian Cardiovascular Society guidelines, intended for all practitioners, are based on differing methodologies with distinct priorities and preferences. The disparate approaches may contribute to confusion among family practitioners and their co-managed patients, with the potential for compromised care, differing standards for training in the fundamentals of lipidology, and differing criteria that might be used in practice audits to evaluate quality of care.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The Patients, Experience, Evidence, Research (PEER) recommendations were considered by primary authors of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society guideline to identify areas of concordance, discordance, or agreement with qualifications.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Discordance between the guidelines is greatest with respect to interpretation of the cholesterol profile, the implications of elevated triglyceride, the utility of apolipoprotein B and non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol measurements, the role of nonstatin medications, and the importance of assuring adherence and avoiding undertreatment through follow-up measurement of lipid profiles. The disparate importance attached to identification of patients with enhanced risk due to an elevated lipoprotein (a) level is also apparent.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This comparison attempts to reconcile key principles of practice, to foster both high quality of care and fully informed patient-centred decision-making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36924,"journal":{"name":"CJC Open","volume":"6 10","pages":"Pages 1189-1198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2024.06.010
Joshua Hamlin BSc , Jafna Cox MD , Laura Hamilton MAHSR , Joanna Nemis-White BSc , James McKillop MD , Navjot Sandila MSc , Ratika Parkash MD, MSc, FRCPC
Background
In rural regions, atrial fibrillation (AF) management is performed predominately by local primary care professionals (PCPs). Prior work has suggested that a disparity in outcomes in AF occurs for those patients living in a rural, vs urban, location.
Methods
This post hoc analysis of the cluster randomized trial Integrated Management Program Advancing Community Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (IMPACT-AF) compared a clinical decision support system to standard of care. Patients were classified as living in a rural (population < 10,000) or urban location. The outcomes were as follows: AF-related emergency department (ED) visits, unplanned cardiovascular (CV) hospitalizations, AF-related referrals and guideline adherence for AF treatment.
Results
A total of 1133 patients were enrolled from 2016 to 2018; 54.1% (n = 613) were classified as living in a rural location. No differences were present in age (mean, 72 ± 9.63 vs 72.5 ± 10.42 years) or Congestive Heart Failure, Hypertension, Age, Diabetes, Stroke/Transient Ischemic Attack (CHADS2) score (mean, 2.1 ± 1.36 vs 2.16 ± 1.34). Referral rates to general internists were higher in the rural population (13.4% vs 3.9%, P < 0.001), whereas the rate of cardiology referrals was higher in the urban population (10% vs 15%, P = 0.0098). At 12 months, no difference in the composite outcome of AF-related ED visits and CV hospitalizations was seen. Fewer recurrent AF-related ED visits and CV hospitalizations occurred in the urban group (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.65 [95% confidence interval (0.44, 0.95), P = 0.0262). The incidence of guideline adherence was similar between the rural (IRR, 3.7 ± 1.2) and urban (IRR, 3.6 ± 1.2; P = 0.11) groups.
Conclusions
AF patients living in rural locations had higher rates of recurrent AF-related ED visits and unplanned CV hospitalizations. Further research to optimize AF-related outcomes is needed to ensure equitable delivery of care to all Canadians, irrespective of geography.
{"title":"Regional Disparities in Atrial Fibrillation Management: An IMPACT-AF Substudy","authors":"Joshua Hamlin BSc , Jafna Cox MD , Laura Hamilton MAHSR , Joanna Nemis-White BSc , James McKillop MD , Navjot Sandila MSc , Ratika Parkash MD, MSc, FRCPC","doi":"10.1016/j.cjco.2024.06.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjco.2024.06.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In rural regions, atrial fibrillation (AF) management is performed predominately by local primary care professionals (PCPs). Prior work has suggested that a disparity in outcomes in AF occurs for those patients living in a rural, vs urban, location.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This post hoc analysis of the cluster randomized trial Integrated Management Program Advancing Community Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (IMPACT-AF) compared a clinical decision support system to standard of care. Patients were classified as living in a rural (population < 10,000) or urban location. The outcomes were as follows: AF-related emergency department (ED) visits, unplanned cardiovascular (CV) hospitalizations, AF-related referrals and guideline adherence for AF treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1133 patients were enrolled from 2016 to 2018; 54.1% (n = 613) were classified as living in a rural location. No differences were present in age (mean, 72 ± 9.63 vs 72.5 ± 10.42 years) or <strong>C</strong>ongestive Heart Failure, <strong>H</strong>ypertension, <strong>A</strong>ge, <strong>D</strong>iabetes, <strong>S</strong>troke/Transient Ischemic Attack (CHADS<sub>2</sub>) score (mean, 2.1 ± 1.36 vs 2.16 ± 1.34). Referral rates to general internists were higher in the rural population (13.4% vs 3.9%, <em>P</em> < 0.001), whereas the rate of cardiology referrals was higher in the urban population (10% vs 15%, <em>P</em> = 0.0098). At 12 months, no difference in the composite outcome of AF-related ED visits and CV hospitalizations was seen. Fewer recurrent AF-related ED visits and CV hospitalizations occurred in the urban group (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.65 [95% confidence interval (0.44, 0.95), <em>P</em> = 0.0262). The incidence of guideline adherence was similar between the rural (IRR, 3.7 ± 1.2) and urban (IRR, 3.6 ± 1.2; <em>P</em> = 0.11) groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>AF patients living in rural locations had higher rates of recurrent AF-related ED visits and unplanned CV hospitalizations. Further research to optimize AF-related outcomes is needed to ensure equitable delivery of care to all Canadians, irrespective of geography.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical Trial Registration</h3><div><span><span>NCT01927367</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36924,"journal":{"name":"CJC Open","volume":"6 10","pages":"Pages 1162-1169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141690133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2024.06.009
Chen Yang Kevin Zhang MD , Aaron Dou MD (C) , Bhadra U. Pandya MD (C) , Sushmitha Srinivasan HBSc , Chloe Campbell BSc , Janet Tang BSc (Hons) , William Shi MD , Saswata Deb MD, PhD , Maneesh Sud MD, PhD , Candace D. McNaughton MD, PhD, MPH , Dennis T. Ko MD, MSc
Background
With the widespread adoption of high-sensitivity troponin testing, recent guidelines no longer recommend urgent noninvasive cardiac testing for suspected cardiac disease in low-risk emergency department (ED) patients. We conducted a meta-analysis to determine whether urgent noninvasive testing, compared to no testing, is associated with improved cardiovascular outcomes in low-risk patients.
Methods
We searched databases for studies of adults evaluated in the ED for low-risk acute chest pain based on clinical criteria, diagnostic testing, or risk scores. Outcomes were all-cause death or myocardial infarction (MI), and revascularization alone, at 90 days and 1 year.
Results
A total of 1.5 million patients were included from 17 observational and 2 randomized studies. The overall rate of death or MI was 0.3% at 90 days, and 0.4% at 1 year. The odds of death or MI were not significantly different at 90 days (9 studies with 144,447 participants; odds ratio [OR] = 0.92 [0.48-1.76]) or 1 year (13 studies with 146,563 participants; OR = 0.92 [0.63-1.35]) between the tested and nontested groups. The odds of revascularization were significantly higher in tested groups at 90 days (12 studies with 513,862 participants; OR = 2.21 [1.17-4.17]) and 1 year (16 studies with 1,441,693 participants; OR = 2.61 [1.95-3.48]).
Conclusions
Noninvasive testing for low-risk chest pain in the ED was not associated with lower odds of death or MI, but it was associated with more than twice the odds of revascularization. This finding supports current guidelines recommending against universal noninvasive testing for ED patients with low-risk chest pain.
{"title":"Noninvasive Cardiac Testing and Cardiovascular Outcomes for Low-Risk Chest Pain in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Chen Yang Kevin Zhang MD , Aaron Dou MD (C) , Bhadra U. Pandya MD (C) , Sushmitha Srinivasan HBSc , Chloe Campbell BSc , Janet Tang BSc (Hons) , William Shi MD , Saswata Deb MD, PhD , Maneesh Sud MD, PhD , Candace D. McNaughton MD, PhD, MPH , Dennis T. Ko MD, MSc","doi":"10.1016/j.cjco.2024.06.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjco.2024.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>With the widespread adoption of high-sensitivity troponin testing, recent guidelines no longer recommend urgent noninvasive cardiac testing for suspected cardiac disease in low-risk emergency department (ED) patients. We conducted a meta-analysis to determine whether urgent noninvasive testing, compared to no testing, is associated with improved cardiovascular outcomes in low-risk patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We searched databases for studies of adults evaluated in the ED for low-risk acute chest pain based on clinical criteria, diagnostic testing, or risk scores. Outcomes were all-cause death or myocardial infarction (MI), and revascularization alone, at 90 days and 1 year.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1.5 million patients were included from 17 observational and 2 randomized studies. The overall rate of death or MI was 0.3% at 90 days, and 0.4% at 1 year. The odds of death or MI were not significantly different at 90 days (9 studies with 144,447 participants; odds ratio [OR] = 0.92 [0.48-1.76]) or 1 year (13 studies with 146,563 participants; OR = 0.92 [0.63-1.35]) between the tested and nontested groups. The odds of revascularization were significantly higher in tested groups at 90 days (12 studies with 513,862 participants; OR = 2.21 [1.17-4.17]) and 1 year (16 studies with 1,441,693 participants; OR = 2.61 [1.95-3.48]).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Noninvasive testing for low-risk chest pain in the ED was not associated with lower odds of death or MI, but it was associated with more than twice the odds of revascularization. This finding supports current guidelines recommending against universal noninvasive testing for ED patients with low-risk chest pain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36924,"journal":{"name":"CJC Open","volume":"6 10","pages":"Pages 1178-1188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141712185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2024.05.015
Background
Left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion (LAAO) is performed to prevent LAA thrombus in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The risk of device-related thrombus (DRT) on the atrial side of the LAAO device is approximately 4%. Identifying patients at high risk of DRT would enable closer surveillance and more-aggressive anticoagulation to prevent post-LAAO DRT-related stroke.
Methods
From the LAAO registry at The University of Kansas Medical Center, we identified patients who developed DRT. We chose 3 unmatched controls per DRT case from LAAO recipients without DRT. Predictor variables were obtained from transesophageal echocardiogram reports and/or images, transthoracic echocardiogram reports, and chart review. Implant depth was measured from the limbus of the left atrial ridge to the centre of the atrial aspect of the LAAO device, on a 45° transesophageal echocardiogram view.
Results
We identified 26 patients with DRT (aged 77.7 ± 9.7 years; 34.6% female) and selected 78 unmatched controls without DRT. Univariate predictors of DRT, comprising a novel TED-F2 score, included history of venous Thromboembolism (23.1% vs 5.1%, P = 0.01), an LAA Emptying velocity ≤ 20 cm/s (45.8% vs 18.9%, P = 0.01), an implant Depth > 2 cm (34.6% vs 12.8%, P = 0.02), and presence of AF rhythm at time of device implantation (50.0 % vs 11.5%, P = 0.0001). A TED-F2 score of ≥ 3 was very strongly associated with DRT—odds ratio 12.5 (95% confidence interval, 3.8-41.1, P < 0.0001).
Conclusions
We propose a novel risk score to predict development of DRT after LAAO, comprising history of venous Thromboembolism, LAA Emptying velocity ≤ 20 cm/s, implant Depth > 2 cm (1 point each), and an AF rhythm at implantation (2 points). A TED-F2 risk score of ≥ 3 identified patients who are at greatly elevated risk of developing DRT.
{"title":"Predictors of Device-Related Thrombus After Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion: TED-F2 Score","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cjco.2024.05.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjco.2024.05.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion (LAAO) is performed to prevent LAA thrombus in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The risk of device-related thrombus (DRT) on the atrial side of the LAAO device is approximately 4%. Identifying patients at high risk of DRT would enable closer surveillance and more-aggressive anticoagulation to prevent post-LAAO DRT-related stroke.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>From the LAAO registry at The University of Kansas Medical Center, we identified patients who developed DRT. We chose 3 unmatched controls per DRT case from LAAO recipients without DRT. Predictor variables were obtained from transesophageal echocardiogram reports and/or images, transthoracic echocardiogram reports, and chart review. Implant depth was measured from the limbus of the left atrial ridge to the centre of the atrial aspect of the LAAO device, on a 45° transesophageal echocardiogram view.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We identified 26 patients with DRT (aged 77.7 ± 9.7 years; 34.6% female) and selected 78 unmatched controls without DRT. Univariate predictors of DRT, comprising a novel TED-F<sub>2</sub> score, included history of venous <strong>T</strong>hromboembolism (23.1% vs 5.1%, <em>P</em> = 0.01), an LAA <strong>E</strong>mptying velocity ≤ 20 cm/s (45.8% vs 18.9%, <em>P</em> = 0.01), an implant <strong>D</strong>epth > 2 cm (34.6% vs 12.8%, <em>P</em> = 0.02), and presence of A<strong>F</strong> rhythm at time of device implantation (50.0 % vs 11.5%, <em>P</em> = 0.0001). A TED-F<sub>2</sub> score of ≥ 3 was very strongly associated with DRT—odds ratio 12.5 (95% confidence interval, 3.8-41.1, <em>P</em> < 0.0001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We propose a novel risk score to predict development of DRT after LAAO, comprising history of venous <strong>T</strong>hromboembolism, LAA <strong>E</strong>mptying velocity ≤ 20 cm/s, implant <strong>D</strong>epth > 2 cm (1 point each), and an A<strong>F</strong> rhythm at implantation (2 points). A TED-F<sub>2</sub> risk score of ≥ 3 identified patients who are at greatly elevated risk of developing DRT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36924,"journal":{"name":"CJC Open","volume":"6 10","pages":"Pages 1153-1161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141399756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}