Pub Date : 2020-04-20DOI: 10.15388/respectus.2020.37.42.47
Marta Kwaśniewska
The present article sets out to examine the dictionary definition entries concerning the concept of climate. Both Polish and English dictionaries are included, as well as historical and contemporary entries. The data is composed of thirteen dictionary entries, published in the last two hundred years. The material is examined qualitatively. The results are presented in the form of a table, where one may find all the aspects of meanings identified in the definitions. A supplement data extracted from the English historical corpus is also provided. The results have revealed that semantic change did occur in both the Polish and the English language. However, the change is more visible in the Polish dictionaries. The subsidiary differences could influence the way the word is employed in certain contexts and thus, differentiate the employment of the same concept in the two languages. Nevertheless, the contemporary definitions are almost identical in both languages, in contrast to the historical ones.
{"title":"Changing Definitions of Climate in Polish and English Dictionaries","authors":"Marta Kwaśniewska","doi":"10.15388/respectus.2020.37.42.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2020.37.42.47","url":null,"abstract":"The present article sets out to examine the dictionary definition entries concerning the concept of climate. Both Polish and English dictionaries are included, as well as historical and contemporary entries. The data is composed of thirteen dictionary entries, published in the last two hundred years. The material is examined qualitatively. The results are presented in the form of a table, where one may find all the aspects of meanings identified in the definitions. A supplement data extracted from the English historical corpus is also provided. The results have revealed that semantic change did occur in both the Polish and the English language. However, the change is more visible in the Polish dictionaries. The subsidiary differences could influence the way the word is employed in certain contexts and thus, differentiate the employment of the same concept in the two languages. Nevertheless, the contemporary definitions are almost identical in both languages, in contrast to the historical ones.","PeriodicalId":36933,"journal":{"name":"Respectus Philologicus","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42032469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-20DOI: 10.15388/respectus.2020.37.42.44
A. Romanovska
One of the most popular themes in Latvian literature which has regularly arisen at different stages of its development since the 19th century is the idea of returning to the roots, the depiction of a mythological world scene when people lived according to the rhythms of nature, in full harmony with themselves and the world. Ancient times are depicted as a time when Latvians felt free living at their farms and followed the rules of the mythical time. This peculiar feature which we analyse on the basis of literary works, describes vividly the nation’s collective consciousness, desires, and needs. The need for emphasizing the idealised ancient times in the nation’s consciousness is related to the most significant transitional stages in the development of the country, which are characterised by the increased attention to the issues of national identity. During difficult stages in history, nosta lgia is a security mechanism which looks for stability in the past which we do not have in the present. The aim of the paper is to see how the nostalgic reflection on the idealized ancient times in the Latvian literature is related to the pivotal stages in the country’s history when special attention was paid to the national awareness and identity issues.
{"title":"Nostalgia and National Identity: Idea of Revisiting the Past in Latvian Fiction","authors":"A. Romanovska","doi":"10.15388/respectus.2020.37.42.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2020.37.42.44","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most popular themes in Latvian literature which has regularly arisen at different stages of its development since the 19th century is the idea of returning to the roots, the depiction of a mythological world scene when people lived according to the rhythms of nature, in full harmony with themselves and the world. Ancient times are depicted as a time when Latvians felt free living at their farms and followed the rules of the mythical time. This peculiar feature which we analyse on the basis of literary works, describes vividly the nation’s collective consciousness, desires, and needs. The need for emphasizing the idealised ancient times in the nation’s consciousness is related to the most significant transitional stages in the development of the country, which are characterised by the increased attention to the issues of national identity. During difficult stages in history, nosta lgia is a security mechanism which looks for stability in the past which we do not have in the present. The aim of the paper is to see how the nostalgic reflection on the idealized ancient times in the Latvian literature is related to the pivotal stages in the country’s history when special attention was paid to the national awareness and identity issues.","PeriodicalId":36933,"journal":{"name":"Respectus Philologicus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44051475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-20DOI: 10.15388/respectus.2020.37.42.38
Silvana Neshkovska
The aim of this paper is to raise awareness of the significance of slang in educating well-rounded EFL learners. The study, first, uncovers the most salient features of slang, distinguishing it from jargon, argot, cant, etc. It also discusses the reasons why slang springs to life; the users of slang and functions it performs, as well as the word-formation processes employed in its creation.The paper further investigates the familiarity of Macedonian undergraduate students of English with currently relevant English and American slang, the main hypothesis being that they lack knowledge of slang due to insufficient exposure and instruction. The instruments used are a questionnaire and a quiz comprising 60 slang terms, intended to inspect informants’ knowledge of slang.The results obtained from this research confirm that slang is disregarded in EFL acquisition, and that no steady progress is made in the students’ knowledge of slang in the course of their university studies.
{"title":"The Anti-language in the English as a Foreign Language Curriculum","authors":"Silvana Neshkovska","doi":"10.15388/respectus.2020.37.42.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2020.37.42.38","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to raise awareness of the significance of slang in educating well-rounded EFL learners. The study, first, uncovers the most salient features of slang, distinguishing it from jargon, argot, cant, etc. It also discusses the reasons why slang springs to life; the users of slang and functions it performs, as well as the word-formation processes employed in its creation.The paper further investigates the familiarity of Macedonian undergraduate students of English with currently relevant English and American slang, the main hypothesis being that they lack knowledge of slang due to insufficient exposure and instruction. The instruments used are a questionnaire and a quiz comprising 60 slang terms, intended to inspect informants’ knowledge of slang.The results obtained from this research confirm that slang is disregarded in EFL acquisition, and that no steady progress is made in the students’ knowledge of slang in the course of their university studies.","PeriodicalId":36933,"journal":{"name":"Respectus Philologicus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42868680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-20DOI: 10.15388/respectus.2020.37.42.52
Indrė Koverienė, Indrė Višinskaitė, Edita Baltrūnaitė
On the 19th of September 2019 Vilnius University, Kaunas Faculty welcomed a world-class researcher, Professor of audiovisual translation at Universitat Jaume I (Spain) and Honorary Professor at University College London (UK) Frederic Chaume. During a five-day visit, he presented a series of lectures and workshops titled Multimodal Research in Audiovisual Translation: Translation Paradigm of AVT Products in 2019.
{"title":"Interview with Prof. Frederic Chaume","authors":"Indrė Koverienė, Indrė Višinskaitė, Edita Baltrūnaitė","doi":"10.15388/respectus.2020.37.42.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2020.37.42.52","url":null,"abstract":"On the 19th of September 2019 Vilnius University, Kaunas Faculty welcomed a world-class researcher, Professor of audiovisual translation at Universitat Jaume I (Spain) and Honorary Professor at University College London (UK) Frederic Chaume. During a five-day visit, he presented a series of lectures and workshops titled Multimodal Research in Audiovisual Translation: Translation Paradigm of AVT Products in 2019.","PeriodicalId":36933,"journal":{"name":"Respectus Philologicus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45406713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-17DOI: 10.15388/respectus.2019.36.41.29
A. Şerban
In this paper, I propose to examine the question of journeys, borders, and translation in Theodoros Angelopoulos’ Trilogy of Borders: The Suspended Step of the Stork (1991), Ulysses’ Gaze (1995) and Eternity and a Day (1998), winner of the Palme d’Or at the Cannes Film Festival. It is my aim to contribute, in a small way, to the ongoing discussion about the role of translation in creating understanding, using as a case in point the work of a major contemporary poet of the screen who created his own aesthetics of the journey and whose films are vehicles of discovery, taking the viewer across many borders, on a fabulous – but often unsettling and perilous – voyage which challenges long-held assumptions about self, others, and translation. I suggest there is a plausible link between translation and liminality, a concept introduced in anthropology by Arnold van Gennep in the beginning of the 20th century and later brought to the fore by Victor Turner. I contend that, since in translation there is a tension between the (permanent) source text and the potentially unlimited number of translations, insights from anthropology can shed light on this complex relationship which resembles, in more ways than one, that between liminal experiences and the establishment of permanent structures (which are, usually, born in liminality).
在这篇论文中，我建议在Theodoros Angelopoulos的《边界三部曲:鹳的悬停的脚步》(1991)、《尤利西斯的凝视》(1995)和《永恒与一天》(1998)中考察旅行、边界和翻译的问题，《边界三部曲》是戛纳电影节金棕榈奖的获得者。我的目标是，以一种小小的方式，为正在进行的关于翻译在创造理解中的作用的讨论做出贡献，以一位主要的当代银幕诗人的作品为例，他创造了自己的旅程美学，他的电影是发现的工具，带着观众跨越许多边界，在一个神话般的-但往往令人不安和危险的-旅程中挑战长期以来关于自我，他人和翻译的假设。我认为翻译和阈值之间存在似是而非的联系，阈值是20世纪初由阿诺德·范·格内普(Arnold van Gennep)在人类学中提出的概念，后来由维克多·特纳(Victor Turner)推向前台。我认为，由于在翻译中存在(永久的)源文本与潜在的无限数量的翻译之间的紧张关系，人类学的见解可以揭示这种复杂的关系，这种关系在很多方面类似于阈限经验与永久结构(通常生于阈限)之间的关系。
{"title":"Thinking Through Translation with Theodoros Angelopoulos: Journeys, Border Crossings, Liminality","authors":"A. Şerban","doi":"10.15388/respectus.2019.36.41.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2019.36.41.29","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, I propose to examine the question of journeys, borders, and translation in Theodoros Angelopoulos’ Trilogy of Borders: The Suspended Step of the Stork (1991), Ulysses’ Gaze (1995) and Eternity and a Day (1998), winner of the Palme d’Or at the Cannes Film Festival. It is my aim to contribute, in a small way, to the ongoing discussion about the role of translation in creating understanding, using as a case in point the work of a major contemporary poet of the screen who created his own aesthetics of the journey and whose films are vehicles of discovery, taking the viewer across many borders, on a fabulous – but often unsettling and perilous – voyage which challenges long-held assumptions about self, others, and translation. I suggest there is a plausible link between translation and liminality, a concept introduced in anthropology by Arnold van Gennep in the beginning of the 20th century and later brought to the fore by Victor Turner. I contend that, since in translation there is a tension between the (permanent) source text and the potentially unlimited number of translations, insights from anthropology can shed light on this complex relationship which resembles, in more ways than one, that between liminal experiences and the establishment of permanent structures (which are, usually, born in liminality).","PeriodicalId":36933,"journal":{"name":"Respectus Philologicus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45742970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-17DOI: 10.15388/respectus.2019.36.41.26
Aurelija Mykolaitytė
The article compares the following two texts: the latest dairy fragments of Alfonsas Nyka-Niliūnas (2014) and the essay book “Levels of Life” by Julian Barnes. Both writers aim to reveal personal experiences through cultural texts: the relationship with the Other enables us to identify ourselves and helps to describe our inner world. The article focuses on how the memory is created and what is the most important in culture for both writers. Several meaningful aspects are emphasized by both writers: they both raise existential questions, search for possible answers in culture, as well as search for links with a particular place and focus on art. The study has revealed that that culture, especially classic European culture, is an essential support that allows us to reflect our being. Special attention is paid to French culture, which could be perceived as a benchmark for the European mentality. Although the books refer to different cultural sources, they both focus on a great respect of the art of the word as capable of preserving memory.
{"title":"Reflection of Cultural Identity in the Latest Diary Fragments of Alfonsas Nyka-Niliūnas (2009–2012) and Essay Book “Levels of Life” by Julian Barnes","authors":"Aurelija Mykolaitytė","doi":"10.15388/respectus.2019.36.41.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2019.36.41.26","url":null,"abstract":"The article compares the following two texts: the latest dairy fragments of Alfonsas Nyka-Niliūnas (2014) and the essay book “Levels of Life” by Julian Barnes. Both writers aim to reveal personal experiences through cultural texts: the relationship with the Other enables us to identify ourselves and helps to describe our inner world. The article focuses on how the memory is created and what is the most important in culture for both writers. Several meaningful aspects are emphasized by both writers: they both raise existential questions, search for possible answers in culture, as well as search for links with a particular place and focus on art. The study has revealed that that culture, especially classic European culture, is an essential support that allows us to reflect our being. Special attention is paid to French culture, which could be perceived as a benchmark for the European mentality. Although the books refer to different cultural sources, they both focus on a great respect of the art of the word as capable of preserving memory.","PeriodicalId":36933,"journal":{"name":"Respectus Philologicus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49243790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-17DOI: 10.15388/respectus.2019.36.41.28
Giedrius Židonis
At the end of July 1885, Nikodem Erazm Iwanowski, the landlord of a small manor in Samogitia, brought his son to Warsaw for studies, and spent two years there. He maintained correspondence with Eliza Orzeszkowa, became acquainted with the poetess Maria Konopnicka, himself wrote poetry and prose, and painted. However, in his letters, he wrote that, being a newcomer from the province, he felt somewhat clumsy and uncomfortable. This confession encouraged the author of the present paper to review the cultural press of Warsaw published during the 1880s. The aim of the review was to investigate in which context Lithuanians/Samogitians were mentioned and how depicted, and to determine whether the fiction published in the aforementioned press contained satirical characters associated with Lithuania/Samogitia. The investigation revealed a number of publications about Lithuania/Samogitia – for example, descriptions of travels and places. Here we can find stereotypical pictures of Lithuanians and Samogitians. The investigation also revealed the presence of fiction containing satirical, comical depictions of Lithuanians or Samogitians. Here, two plotlines may be identified: characters in a foreign land, and characters in a large city
{"title":"The Image of a Lithuanian and a Samogitian in the Cultural Press of Warsaw in Late 1800s. The (non-)stereotyped Case of Nikodem Erazm Iwanowski, the Landlord of a Small Manor","authors":"Giedrius Židonis","doi":"10.15388/respectus.2019.36.41.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2019.36.41.28","url":null,"abstract":"At the end of July 1885, Nikodem Erazm Iwanowski, the landlord of a small manor in Samogitia, brought his son to Warsaw for studies, and spent two years there. He maintained correspondence with Eliza Orzeszkowa, became acquainted with the poetess Maria Konopnicka, himself wrote poetry and prose, and painted. However, in his letters, he wrote that, being a newcomer from the province, he felt somewhat clumsy and uncomfortable. This confession encouraged the author of the present paper to review the cultural press of Warsaw published during the 1880s. The aim of the review was to investigate in which context Lithuanians/Samogitians were mentioned and how depicted, and to determine whether the fiction published in the aforementioned press contained satirical characters associated with Lithuania/Samogitia. The investigation revealed a number of publications about Lithuania/Samogitia – for example, descriptions of travels and places. Here we can find stereotypical pictures of Lithuanians and Samogitians. The investigation also revealed the presence of fiction containing satirical, comical depictions of Lithuanians or Samogitians. Here, two plotlines may be identified: characters in a foreign land, and characters in a large city","PeriodicalId":36933,"journal":{"name":"Respectus Philologicus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42628687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-17DOI: 10.15388/respectus.2019.36.41.27
Gabija Bankauskaitė, Domantė Vaišvylaitė
The reflection of the homeland, the Lithuanian nation, the native land is very important in Antanas Vaičiulaitis’ creative work and personal correspondence. Letters, written 1924–1992 reveal a creative being, closely related to the formation of the image of Lithuania, its embodiment and the preservation of the memory of the motherland. The image of the homeland is often conveyed by the symbolism of a lost paradise, accompanied by the feelings of a tragic denouement. The construct of homeland as a paradise began to emerge in the writer’s early childhood, in letters it is portrayed as a mythical Eden. Through the mother, the space of home and the nature surrounding it, the metaphor of the motherland-fortress was formed. By comparing the homeland with his beloved mother, Antanas Vaičiulaitis conveyed the great pain, caused by the Lithuanian occupation. The letters’ image of homeland-paradise is associated with the ideals of patriotism, holiness of childhood and family, faith and also motives of loss and return, conveyed by the symbols of the tree and the bird. In the writer’s correspondence, through the personal context, complex emotional states reveal the cultural memory of the nation.
在Antanas vaiai iulaitis的创作和个人书信中，对祖国立陶宛民族的反思是非常重要的。1924年至1992年写的信件揭示了一个创造性的存在，与立陶宛形象的形成、体现和对祖国记忆的保存密切相关。故土的形象往往以失乐园的象征主义来传达，伴随着悲剧性结局的感觉。故乡作为天堂的构想在作家的童年早期就开始出现，在书信中被描绘成一个神话般的伊甸园。通过母亲、家的空间和周围的自然，形成了祖国堡垒的隐喻。Antanas vai iulaitis将祖国与他深爱的母亲相比较，表达了立陶宛占领所造成的巨大痛苦。以树与鸟为象征的“家园天堂”意象，与爱国主义理想、童年与家庭的神圣、信仰以及失与归的动机联系在一起。在作者的书信中，通过个人语境，复杂的情感状态揭示了民族的文化记忆。
{"title":"The Image of the Homeland in the Letters of Antanas Vaičiulaitis","authors":"Gabija Bankauskaitė, Domantė Vaišvylaitė","doi":"10.15388/respectus.2019.36.41.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2019.36.41.27","url":null,"abstract":" The reflection of the homeland, the Lithuanian nation, the native land is very important in Antanas Vaičiulaitis’ creative work and personal correspondence. Letters, written 1924–1992 reveal a creative being, closely related to the formation of the image of Lithuania, its embodiment and the preservation of the memory of the motherland. The image of the homeland is often conveyed by the symbolism of a lost paradise, accompanied by the feelings of a tragic denouement. The construct of homeland as a paradise began to emerge in the writer’s early childhood, in letters it is portrayed as a mythical Eden. Through the mother, the space of home and the nature surrounding it, the metaphor of the motherland-fortress was formed. By comparing the homeland with his beloved mother, Antanas Vaičiulaitis conveyed the great pain, caused by the Lithuanian occupation. The letters’ image of homeland-paradise is associated with the ideals of patriotism, holiness of childhood and family, faith and also motives of loss and return, conveyed by the symbols of the tree and the bird. In the writer’s correspondence, through the personal context, complex emotional states reveal the cultural memory of the nation.","PeriodicalId":36933,"journal":{"name":"Respectus Philologicus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42550701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-17DOI: 10.15388/respectus.2019.36.41.30
Byelongo Elisée Isheloke
Research demonstrates that there are over 6,000 languages in the world and countries believe that their national interest should come first, and in this case the national language(s) must be prioritized. However, it became imperative for people, let alone countries, to use a language they can understand for trade (economy) and socio-political or cultural relations. This raised a number of problems including the fact that colonial masters’ language was upheld to the detriment of their once “slaves” language which they called a dialect. With the advent of democracy and improvement in international bilateral and multilateral relations, linguistic rights were recognized as part and parcel of other human rights, and subsequently, a win-win approach became reasonably what countries would expect in international co-operation. Today the reality is that English serves as a lingua franca in trade and co-operation but this is to some extent abusive to people’s democratic and linguistic rights. The study is predominantly qualitative although a survey is also used to balance the findings. Further research is recommended in the future especially on the same or similar topics in any other BRICS country.
{"title":"Esperanto as an Auxiliary Language and a Possible Solution to the BRICS Language Dilemma: A Case Study","authors":"Byelongo Elisée Isheloke","doi":"10.15388/respectus.2019.36.41.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2019.36.41.30","url":null,"abstract":"Research demonstrates that there are over 6,000 languages in the world and countries believe that their national interest should come first, and in this case the national language(s) must be prioritized. However, it became imperative for people, let alone countries, to use a language they can understand for trade (economy) and socio-political or cultural relations. This raised a number of problems including the fact that colonial masters’ language was upheld to the detriment of their once “slaves” language which they called a dialect. With the advent of democracy and improvement in international bilateral and multilateral relations, linguistic rights were recognized as part and parcel of other human rights, and subsequently, a win-win approach became reasonably what countries would expect in international co-operation. Today the reality is that English serves as a lingua franca in trade and co-operation but this is to some extent abusive to people’s democratic and linguistic rights. The study is predominantly qualitative although a survey is also used to balance the findings. Further research is recommended in the future especially on the same or similar topics in any other BRICS country.","PeriodicalId":36933,"journal":{"name":"Respectus Philologicus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48626509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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