Pub Date : 2022-11-20DOI: 10.32006/eeep.2022.2.1829
Z. Tsvetanova, Dimitar Dimitrov, H. Naidenski
The report discusses the microbiological status of the Yantra River in the region of the town of Veliko Tarnovo. Water samples collected at 11 points of the river stretch were analyzed for quantification of E. coli and coliforms, intestinal enterococci and heterotrophic bacteria. It was found increased levels of fecal indicator bacteria in the river waters, varying over time and along the riverside. The number of viable E. coli and enterococci increased under the influence of untreated wastewater influx and the Belitsa River.
{"title":"MICROBIOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE ANTHROPOGENIC PRESSURE ON THE YANTRA RIVER IN THE REGION OF VELIKO TARNOVO","authors":"Z. Tsvetanova, Dimitar Dimitrov, H. Naidenski","doi":"10.32006/eeep.2022.2.1829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32006/eeep.2022.2.1829","url":null,"abstract":"The report discusses the microbiological status of the Yantra River in the region of the town of Veliko Tarnovo. Water samples collected at 11 points of the river stretch were analyzed for quantification of E. coli and coliforms, intestinal enterococci and heterotrophic bacteria. It was found increased levels of fecal indicator bacteria in the river waters, varying over time and along the riverside. The number of viable E. coli and enterococci increased under the influence of untreated wastewater influx and the Belitsa River.","PeriodicalId":369361,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering and Environment Protection","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114665425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-20DOI: 10.32006/eeep.2022.2.3044
Leila Bakhtiari, D. Karamanev
In our modern world, technological developments on the one hand, and global warming and its consequences, on the other hand, cause us to feel the necessity for reliable, cost-effective, and clean energy. Using renewable energy sources paired with compressed air energy storage can be a good option that meets these expected criteria. Although a compressed air energy storage system (CAES) is clean and relatively cost-effective with long service life, the currently operating plants are still struggling with their low round trip efficiencies. This paper illustrates an up-to-date review of compressed air energy storage systems containing changes in the conventional process to improve performance and increase efficiency. Three main categories of compressed air energy storage technology, diabatic, adiabatic, and isothermal, are analyzed theoretically. In addition, three components of a compressed air energy storage system including compression system, reservoirs, and expansion system are discussed here in detail. The advantages, disadvantages, and the technological readiness of different types of CAES are discussed.
{"title":"A THEORETICAL OVERVIEW OF COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES AND DEVELOPMENTS","authors":"Leila Bakhtiari, D. Karamanev","doi":"10.32006/eeep.2022.2.3044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32006/eeep.2022.2.3044","url":null,"abstract":"In our modern world, technological developments on the one hand, and global warming and its consequences, on the other hand, cause us to feel the necessity for reliable, cost-effective, and clean energy. Using renewable energy sources paired with compressed air energy storage can be a good option that meets these expected criteria. Although a compressed air energy storage system (CAES) is clean and relatively cost-effective with long service life, the currently operating plants are still struggling with their low round trip efficiencies. This paper illustrates an up-to-date review of compressed air energy storage systems containing changes in the conventional process to improve performance and increase efficiency. Three main categories of compressed air energy storage technology, diabatic, adiabatic, and isothermal, are analyzed theoretically. In addition, three components of a compressed air energy storage system including compression system, reservoirs, and expansion system are discussed here in detail. The advantages, disadvantages, and the technological readiness of different types of CAES are discussed.","PeriodicalId":369361,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering and Environment Protection","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121790029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-20DOI: 10.32006/eeep.2022.2.7378
A. Demerdjiev, D. Tonev, N. Goutev, D. Dimitrov, G. Dimitrova, E. Geleva, S. Genchev
The Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences is working on the construction of a cyclotron centre. Оne of the challenges in designing the radiation protection of a cyclotron centre is the preliminary assessment of the expected amounts of radioactive waste that will be generated during the lifetime of the facility. Our aim in this paper is to make an estimation of the expected induced radioactivity in the cyclotron bunker walls after the 20 year operational period of the facility. For this purpose, Monte Carlo simulations with the code FLUKA were performed. The distributions of the specific activity of the generated radionuclides in the concrete walls and of the residual dose rates inside the bunker are obtained. The specific activity of the most important long-lived radionuclides in the concrete walls of the bunker, namely 154Eu, 152Eu, 134Cs, 60Co, 54Mn is estimated. On the basis of these results an optimization of the shielding design is proposed in order to decrease the amount of radioactive waste which will be generated during the facility lifetime.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPECTED INDUCED RADIOACTIVITY IN THE BUNKER WALLS AT THE INRNE-BAS CYCLOTRON FACILITY","authors":"A. Demerdjiev, D. Tonev, N. Goutev, D. Dimitrov, G. Dimitrova, E. Geleva, S. Genchev","doi":"10.32006/eeep.2022.2.7378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32006/eeep.2022.2.7378","url":null,"abstract":"The Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences is working on the construction of a cyclotron centre. Оne of the challenges in designing the radiation protection of a cyclotron centre is the preliminary assessment of the expected amounts of radioactive waste that will be generated during the lifetime of the facility. Our aim in this paper is to make an estimation of the expected induced radioactivity in the cyclotron bunker walls after the 20 year operational period of the facility. For this purpose, Monte Carlo simulations with the code FLUKA were performed. The distributions of the specific activity of the generated radionuclides in the concrete walls and of the residual dose rates inside the bunker are obtained. The specific activity of the most important long-lived radionuclides in the concrete walls of the bunker, namely 154Eu, 152Eu, 134Cs, 60Co, 54Mn is estimated. On the basis of these results an optimization of the shielding design is proposed in order to decrease the amount of radioactive waste which will be generated during the facility lifetime.","PeriodicalId":369361,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering and Environment Protection","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134052680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-20DOI: 10.32006/eeep.2022.2.6067
L. Dimitrova, V. Hubenov, L. Kabaivanova, Y. Gocheva, P. Angelov, H. Najdenski
The Earth and the lower atmosphere (troposphere and stratosphere) are constantly faced with numerous environmental challenges, one of which is the growing pollution due to the incineration of cellulose-containing waste with accumulating potential. In recent years scientists have focused on the complexity of ecological mechanisms in the biosphere of our planet - Earth, starting from laboratory, scaled and closed ecosystems. Onboard the spacecraft, textile products with antimicrobial properties are widely used which limits the spread of infections and ensures safety, comfort and resistance of the user. Another type of waste is the remains of sanitary and medical consumables, personal hygiene materials (e.g. wet and dry wipes, toilet paper, etc.), paper, inedible parts of greenhouse plants, etc., being usually subjected to microbial degradation. On Earth, the accumulation of these cellulose containing waste can cause serious environmental problems. Nowadays, many researchers are trying in experimental conditions on Earth to solve the problem of cellulose-containing waste by means of different approaches – burning, composting, burial, etc. The main risk and environmental problem is that the burial of waste in the soil and composting should contribute to the spread of microorganisms with pathogenic potential. Nevertheless, a promising approach is the microbial degradation of cellulose containing substrates realized by microbial consortia depending on the conditions of the surrounding environment. Therefore, the recent review aims to make a comparative analysis of the bacterial species involved in the degradation processes of cellulose-containing waste and to assess their potential for possible application in space conditions, including the International Space Station.
{"title":"BACTERIAL DEGRADATION OF CELLULOSIC SUBSTRATES UNDER TERRESTRIAL AND LONG TERM MANNED SPACE MISSION CONDITIONS: A REVIEW (Part I)","authors":"L. Dimitrova, V. Hubenov, L. Kabaivanova, Y. Gocheva, P. Angelov, H. Najdenski","doi":"10.32006/eeep.2022.2.6067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32006/eeep.2022.2.6067","url":null,"abstract":"The Earth and the lower atmosphere (troposphere and stratosphere) are constantly faced with numerous environmental challenges, one of which is the growing pollution due to the incineration of cellulose-containing waste with accumulating potential. In recent years scientists have focused on the complexity of ecological mechanisms in the biosphere of our planet - Earth, starting from laboratory, scaled and closed ecosystems. Onboard the spacecraft, textile products with antimicrobial properties are widely used which limits the spread of infections and ensures safety, comfort and resistance of the user. Another type of waste is the remains of sanitary and medical consumables, personal hygiene materials (e.g. wet and dry wipes, toilet paper, etc.), paper, inedible parts of greenhouse plants, etc., being usually subjected to microbial degradation. On Earth, the accumulation of these cellulose containing waste can cause serious environmental problems. Nowadays, many researchers are trying in experimental conditions on Earth to solve the problem of cellulose-containing waste by means of different approaches – burning, composting, burial, etc. The main risk and environmental problem is that the burial of waste in the soil and composting should contribute to the spread of microorganisms with pathogenic potential. Nevertheless, a promising approach is the microbial degradation of cellulose containing substrates realized by microbial consortia depending on the conditions of the surrounding environment. Therefore, the recent review aims to make a comparative analysis of the bacterial species involved in the degradation processes of cellulose-containing waste and to assess their potential for possible application in space conditions, including the International Space Station.","PeriodicalId":369361,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering and Environment Protection","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121436113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Milen Chanev, Lachezar Hristov Filchev, D. Valcheva
In the presented methodology for aerospace monitoring of autumn wheat crops, grown under the conditions of organic farming, the ways of applying ground and aerospace methods are discussed in detail. This includes field experiments, phenological observations, GIS and remote sensing methods and data (data from Sentinel-2 satellite and WingtraOne unmanned aerial vehicle with MicaSense RedEdge-MX multispectral camera and RGB camera) and statistical analyses. In order to achieve the aim and objectives of the study, an experiment was conducted on a organically certified production field sown with einkorn (Triticum monococum) in the period 2020-2021. The field is part of the holding of ET "Borislav Slavchev" in the village of Byala Reka, Parvomai Municipality, South-Central Bulgaria on the soil type of leached chernozem clays, with a size of 136 da.
{"title":"METHODOLOGY FOR REMOTE SENSING MONITORING OF ORGANIC WHEAT CROPS","authors":"Milen Chanev, Lachezar Hristov Filchev, D. Valcheva","doi":"10.32006/2022.2.5659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32006/2022.2.5659","url":null,"abstract":"In the presented methodology for aerospace monitoring of autumn wheat crops, grown under the conditions of organic farming, the ways of applying ground and aerospace methods are discussed in detail. This includes field experiments, phenological observations, GIS and remote sensing methods and data (data from Sentinel-2 satellite and WingtraOne unmanned aerial vehicle with MicaSense RedEdge-MX multispectral camera and RGB camera) and statistical analyses. In order to achieve the aim and objectives of the study, an experiment was conducted on a organically certified production field sown with einkorn (Triticum monococum) in the period 2020-2021. The field is part of the holding of ET \"Borislav Slavchev\" in the village of Byala Reka, Parvomai Municipality, South-Central Bulgaria on the soil type of leached chernozem clays, with a size of 136 da.","PeriodicalId":369361,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering and Environment Protection","volume":"157 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116543303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-20DOI: 10.32006/eeep.2022.2.0517
J. François
Biotechnology in its broadest sense is the application of science and technology to living organisms to produce goods, products and services. It is segmented into 10 branches, of which white biotechnology, also called industrial biotechnology, is the oldest, having its roots in the Neolithic period with the transformation of food into fermented products attributed to divine intervention at that time. White biotechnology really took off after Louis Pasteur demonstrated that fermentation is caused by living organisms. This discovery was followed in the early 20th century by the development of large-scale fermentation processes exploiting the intrinsic metabolic properties of microorganisms, such as solventogenesis in Clostridium or secondary metabolism for penicillin synthesis in Penicillium. With the advent of recombinant DNA in the 1970s, a new era of white biotechnology was born, with the ability to genetically manipulate microorganisms for the production of recombinant proteins and therapeutic agents, which notably boosted the biopharmaceutical sector. A third revolution in white biotechnology is nowadays occurring, driven by the strong societal demand to shift from a fossil fuel-based economy to one based on renewable carbon resources. The transition to so-called "bioeconomy" is expected to be slow and painful because it relies on the exploitation of "biological systems" that, unlike the chemical processes, are much more complex, inefficient, difficult to manage and still unpredictable. After a brief history of industrial biotechnology, I will present and address in this opinion paper some major challenges that await white biotechnology, using as an example our current work in the production of biosourced methionine, and I will discuss societal factors that could foster a bright future to white biotechnology in our modern society.
{"title":"HOW WHITE BIOTECHNOLOGY CAN CONTRIBUTE TO BIOECONOMY?","authors":"J. François","doi":"10.32006/eeep.2022.2.0517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32006/eeep.2022.2.0517","url":null,"abstract":"Biotechnology in its broadest sense is the application of science and technology to living organisms to produce goods, products and services. It is segmented into 10 branches, of which white biotechnology, also called industrial biotechnology, is the oldest, having its roots in the Neolithic period with the transformation of food into fermented products attributed to divine intervention at that time. White biotechnology really took off after Louis Pasteur demonstrated that fermentation is caused by living organisms. This discovery was followed in the early 20th century by the development of large-scale fermentation processes exploiting the intrinsic metabolic properties of microorganisms, such as solventogenesis in Clostridium or secondary metabolism for penicillin synthesis in Penicillium. With the advent of recombinant DNA in the 1970s, a new era of white biotechnology was born, with the ability to genetically manipulate microorganisms for the production of recombinant proteins and therapeutic agents, which notably boosted the biopharmaceutical sector. A third revolution in white biotechnology is nowadays occurring, driven by the strong societal demand to shift from a fossil fuel-based economy to one based on renewable carbon resources. The transition to so-called \"bioeconomy\" is expected to be slow and painful because it relies on the exploitation of \"biological systems\" that, unlike the chemical processes, are much more complex, inefficient, difficult to manage and still unpredictable. After a brief history of industrial biotechnology, I will present and address in this opinion paper some major challenges that await white biotechnology, using as an example our current work in the production of biosourced methionine, and I will discuss societal factors that could foster a bright future to white biotechnology in our modern society.","PeriodicalId":369361,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering and Environment Protection","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127079314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.32006/eeep.2022.1.7076
E. Geleva, D. Tonev, H. Protohristov, Svetoslav Dimitrov, Vladimir Bashev, S. Genchev, A. Demerdjiev
A study of the tritium content of surface water from three Rila lakes – Moussala lake, Aleko lake and Ice lake, and precipitation at Moussala mount has been performed by means of high precision nuclear and radiochemical methods. The measurements are part of a long-term environmental monitoring program developed and maintained by the Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgaria Academy of Science. The results for lake water and precipitation samples collected at Moussala part of Rila over the period 2012–2017 were found to range from ˂ 1.20 to 2.77 Bq.L-1 and from 2.14 to 4.12 Bq.L-1 respectively. The content of 3H in all samples is below the recommended level of 100 Bq.L-1. The obtained new results are used to assess the radiation status of the investigated water sources and can be used for evaluation of possible future changes and trends.
用高精度的核化学和放射化学方法研究了穆萨拉湖、阿列科湖和冰湖三个湖泊的地表水和穆萨拉山降水的氚含量。这些测量是保加利亚科学院核研究和核能研究所制定和维护的长期环境监测计划的一部分。在2012-2017年期间，在里拉的穆萨拉地区收集的湖水和降水样本的结果发现，其范围为小于1.20至2.77 Bq。L-1和2.14 ~ 4.12 Bq。l - 1。所有样品中3H的含量均低于100bq . l -1的推荐水平。所获得的新结果可用于评价所调查水源的辐射状况，并可用于评价未来可能的变化和趋势。
{"title":"DISTRIBUTION OF TRITIUM IN SURFACE WATER AND PRECIPITATION IN RILA MOUNTAIN, BULGARIA","authors":"E. Geleva, D. Tonev, H. Protohristov, Svetoslav Dimitrov, Vladimir Bashev, S. Genchev, A. Demerdjiev","doi":"10.32006/eeep.2022.1.7076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32006/eeep.2022.1.7076","url":null,"abstract":"A study of the tritium content of surface water from three Rila lakes – Moussala lake, Aleko lake and Ice lake, and precipitation at Moussala mount has been performed by means of high precision nuclear and radiochemical methods. The measurements are part of a long-term environmental monitoring program developed and maintained by the Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgaria Academy of Science. The results for lake water and precipitation samples collected at Moussala part of Rila over the period 2012–2017 were found to range from ˂ 1.20 to 2.77 Bq.L-1 and from 2.14 to 4.12 Bq.L-1 respectively. The content of 3H in all samples is below the recommended level of 100 Bq.L-1.\u0000The obtained new results are used to assess the radiation status of the investigated water sources and can be used for evaluation of possible future changes and trends.","PeriodicalId":369361,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering and Environment Protection","volume":"291 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117321668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.32006/eeep.2022.1.4555
Ning Pan, Haoping Wang, Yang Tian, N. Christov, I. Simeonov
In this paper, a new structure of extremum seeking algorithm is applied to the two-stage anaerobic digestion process to maximize the outflow rate of both hydrogen and methane. The model of the two-stage AD process is presented, which provides the characteristics of the total gas production rate. Based on the original Extremum Seeking Control (ESC), a novel Composed Recursive Model Free Controller (CRMFC) is added for maximum tracking for the gas production in the bioreactors. The proposed controller comprises a recursive model free stabilization term and a recursive time delay compensation term. Standard ESC, Newton-based ESC and Kalman filter (KF) based ESC are respectively combined with the new model-free controller to verify the proposed structure. Numerical simulations illustrate the performance of the proposed controller.
{"title":"EXTREMUM SEEKING BASED COMPOSED RECURSIVE MODEL FREE CONTROL OF TWO-STAGE ANAEROBIC DIGESTION PROCESS","authors":"Ning Pan, Haoping Wang, Yang Tian, N. Christov, I. Simeonov","doi":"10.32006/eeep.2022.1.4555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32006/eeep.2022.1.4555","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a new structure of extremum seeking algorithm is applied to the two-stage anaerobic digestion process to maximize the outflow rate of both hydrogen and methane. The model of the two-stage AD process is presented, which provides the characteristics of the total gas production rate. Based on the original Extremum Seeking Control (ESC), a novel Composed Recursive Model Free Controller (CRMFC) is added for maximum tracking for the gas production in the bioreactors. The proposed controller comprises a recursive model free stabilization term and a recursive time delay compensation term. Standard ESC, Newton-based ESC and Kalman filter (KF) based ESC are respectively combined with the new model-free controller to verify the proposed structure. Numerical simulations illustrate the performance of the proposed controller.","PeriodicalId":369361,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering and Environment Protection","volume":"48 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134260760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.32006/eeep.2022.1.5661
Plamen Glogov, G. Zaemdzhikova
The aim of the present study is phytocoenological characteristics and preliminary assessment of the health status of the first Dawn redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides) artificial plantation in Bulgaria established in 1969. The plantation of metasequoia is located in the land of the Kokalyane village (Sofia region) on an area of about 2500 m2. The study was conducted in the period April-July, 2021. The results show that the artificial stand was created on the locality of indigenous communities of Alnus glutinosa, which occupy the main part of the Iskar river banks between Plana and Lozenska mountains. The health status of the Dawn redwood plantation was assessed as “good”. From the distance of the 50-year period, the artificial afforestation with this exotic relic in the area of the village of Kokalyane can be considered successful.
{"title":"CHARACTERISTICS OF METASEQUOIA GLYPTOSTROBOIDES ARTIFICIAL COMMUNITY КОKАLУАNЕ VILLAGE, SOFIA REGION","authors":"Plamen Glogov, G. Zaemdzhikova","doi":"10.32006/eeep.2022.1.5661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32006/eeep.2022.1.5661","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study is phytocoenological characteristics and preliminary assessment of the health status of the first Dawn redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides) artificial plantation in Bulgaria established in 1969. The plantation of metasequoia is located in the land of the Kokalyane village (Sofia region) on an area of about 2500 m2. The study was conducted in the period April-July, 2021. The results show that the artificial stand was created on the locality of indigenous communities of Alnus glutinosa, which occupy the main part of the Iskar river banks between Plana and Lozenska mountains. The health status of the Dawn redwood plantation was assessed as “good”. From the distance of the 50-year period, the artificial afforestation with this exotic relic in the area of the village of Kokalyane can be considered successful.","PeriodicalId":369361,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering and Environment Protection","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121463080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-20DOI: 10.32006/eeep.2022.1.1421
L. Dimitrova, M. Zaharieva, H. Najdenski
In recent decades, in modern intensive animal husbandry, there has been a worrying trend towards the selection and spread of bacterial strains resistant to antibiotics. This global phenomenon has not only a certain negative effect on therapeutic practice, but also poses a serious risk to the spread of resistance in the food chain and in humans. Various genera from the family Enterobacteria like Salmonella, Shigella, Klebsiella, Yersinia, Citrobacter, etc. and especially Escherichia coli have a special place in this process. The most commonly used antibiotics for treatment of patients with complicated Salmonella infections are ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin, to which the bacteria has already developed antibiotic resistance. For Escherichia coli, significantly increased resistance is developed to the third-generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, as well as combined resistance to three key antimicrobial groups (fluoroquinolones, third-generation cephalosporins and aminoglycosides). Resistance among Yersinia spp. against tetracyclines and fluorochinolones has been reported to the scientific community in numerous studies on human and animal isolates. By using the raw manure as fertilizer, these microorganisms may be transmitted to soil, wastewater or others environmental niches. Further, they can be transmitted via the food chain to humans and animals. Considering that the horizontal gene transfer is one of the most important mechanisms for transmitting of antimicrobial resistance, then after consumption of contaminated food, water, etc., genetically determined antibiotic resistance in animals can easily affect resistance among people, which makes vital drugs ineffective against serious illnesses. For the possible spread of antimicrobial resistance in pigs and related ecological niches - pig farms, manure lagoons, wastewater and soils, large-scale studies are being conducted to clarify their ecological and health significance. In addition, the results obtained will contribute to the development of an effective national strategy for the control of antimicrobial resistance.
{"title":"PIG FARMS AND THEIR SURROUNDINGS AS A FACTOR IN THE SPREAD OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE","authors":"L. Dimitrova, M. Zaharieva, H. Najdenski","doi":"10.32006/eeep.2022.1.1421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32006/eeep.2022.1.1421","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, in modern intensive animal husbandry, there has been a worrying trend towards the selection and spread of bacterial strains resistant to antibiotics. This global phenomenon has not only a certain negative effect on therapeutic practice, but also poses a serious risk to the spread of resistance in the food chain and in humans. Various genera from the family Enterobacteria like Salmonella, Shigella, Klebsiella, Yersinia, Citrobacter, etc. and especially Escherichia coli have a special place in this process. The most commonly used antibiotics for treatment of patients with complicated Salmonella infections are ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin, to which the bacteria has already developed antibiotic resistance. For Escherichia coli, significantly increased resistance is developed to the third-generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, as well as combined resistance to three key antimicrobial groups (fluoroquinolones, third-generation cephalosporins and aminoglycosides). Resistance among Yersinia spp. against tetracyclines and fluorochinolones has been reported to the scientific community in numerous studies on human and animal isolates. By using the raw manure as fertilizer, these microorganisms may be transmitted to soil, wastewater or others environmental niches. Further, they can be transmitted via the food chain to humans and animals. Considering that the horizontal gene transfer is one of the most important mechanisms for transmitting of antimicrobial resistance, then after consumption of contaminated food, water, etc., genetically determined antibiotic resistance in animals can easily affect resistance among people, which makes vital drugs ineffective against serious illnesses. For the possible spread of antimicrobial resistance in pigs and related ecological niches - pig farms, manure lagoons, wastewater and soils, large-scale studies are being conducted to clarify their ecological and health significance. In addition, the results obtained will contribute to the development of an effective national strategy for the control of antimicrobial resistance.","PeriodicalId":369361,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering and Environment Protection","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128669171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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