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Fractional Order Modeling of PWR Pressurizer Dynamics and Fractional Order Nonlinear H∞ Controllers Design in LabVIEW 压水堆稳压器动力学的分数阶建模及LabVIEW中的分数阶非线性H∞控制器设计
Q4 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-08-22 DOI: 10.53560/ppasa(59-3)778
Arshad Habib, A. H. Malik, A. Memon, Feroza Arshad, Mehwish Shaikh
The novel fractional order intelligent transient dynamics and advanced fractional order nonlinear robust control synthesis scheme of the Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) pressurizer are addressed in this research work. The Graphical User Interface (GUI) is designed for closed-loop model-based PWR pressurizer dynamical studies in LabVIEW. Based on the demand for power, the reactor power and turbine power are predicted using a fractional order backpropagation algorithm in an open loop configuration. Using turbine power and heater power as input variables, pressurizer level, pressurizer pressure and coolant average temperature as output variables, the open loop multi-input multi-output (MIMO) dynamic model of pressurizer is estimated using fractional order artificial intelligence in LabVIEW. Four fractional order robust nonlinear H∞ sub-controllers are designed for charging flow, spray flow, proportional heaters power and backup heaters power. All the dynamic controller models are in fractional order nonlinear H∞ framework and are designed in LabVIEW. The performance of the proposed design work is evaluated in closed loop configuration at 100 %, 75 % and 15 % in steady state conditions. Dynamic transient analysis is performed from 100% to 90% power reduction scenario and found satisfactory and within design limits and robust bounds.
研究了压水堆稳压器的分数阶智能瞬态动力学和先进的分数阶非线性鲁棒控制综合方案。图形用户界面(GUI)是为LabVIEW中基于闭环模型的压水堆稳压器动力学研究而设计的。基于功率需求,在开环配置中使用分数阶反向传播算法预测反应堆功率和涡轮机功率。以汽轮机功率和加热器功率为输入变量,稳压器液位、稳压器压力和冷却剂平均温度为输出变量,在LabVIEW中使用分数阶人工智能对稳压器的开环多输入多输出(MIMO)动态模型进行了估计。针对进料流量、喷雾流量、比例加热器功率和备用加热器功率,设计了四个分数阶鲁棒非线性H∞子控制器。所有的动态控制器模型均采用分数阶非线性H∞框架,并在LabVIEW中进行了设计。在稳态条件下,在100%、75%和15%的闭环配置中对所提出的设计工作的性能进行了评估。在100%至90%功率降低的情况下进行了动态瞬态分析,结果令人满意,且在设计极限和稳健范围内。
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引用次数: 0
An Improved Iterative Scheme using Successive Over-relaxation for Solution of Linear System of Equations 线性方程组解的逐次过松弛迭代格式的改进
Q4 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-08-21 DOI: 10.53560/ppasa(59-3)653
Z. Kalhoro, Zubair Zaheer Ahmed, Ahmed Kalhoro, Abdul Wasim Shaikh, Muhammad Shakeel, Rind Baloch, Owais Ali Rajput
To solve the system of linear equations is one of the hottest topics in iterative methods. The system of linear equations occurs in business, engineering, social and in sensitive research areas like medicine, therefore applying efficient matrix solvers to such systems is crucial. In this paper, an improved iterative scheme using successive overrelaxation has been constructed. The proposed iterative method converges well when a linear system’s matrix is M-matrix, Symmetric positive definite with some conditions, irreducibly diagonally dominant, strictly diagonally dominant, and H-matrix. Such type of linear system of equations does arise usually from ordinary differential equations and partial differential equations. The improved iterative scheme has decreased spectral radius, improved stability and reduced the number of iterations. To show the effectiveness of the improved scheme, it is compared with the refinement of generalized successive over-relaxation and generalized successive over-relaxation method with the help of numerical experiments using MATLAB software.
求解线性方程组是迭代方法中最热门的课题之一。线性方程组出现在商业、工程、社会和医学等敏感研究领域,因此将高效的矩阵求解器应用于此类系统至关重要。本文构造了一个使用连续超松弛的改进迭代方案。当线性系统的矩阵是M-矩阵、具有某些条件的对称正定、不可约对角占优、严格对角占优和H-矩阵时,所提出的迭代方法收敛性很好。这种类型的线性方程组通常由常微分方程和偏微分方程产生。改进的迭代方案减小了谱半径,提高了稳定性,减少了迭代次数。为了证明改进方案的有效性,利用MATLAB软件进行数值实验,将其与广义逐次过松弛和广义逐次过弛方法的改进进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Machine Learning Methods of IoT Security and Future Application 物联网安全与未来应用的机器学习方法
Q4 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-08-20 DOI: 10.53560/ppasa(59-3)782
Aqib Ali, Samreen Naeem, Sania Anam, M. Ahmed
One of the technologies that are now expanding rapidly is called the Internet of Things (IoT). It is a technology that enables billions of smart devices or things, collectively referred to as “Things,” to collect a variety of data about themselves and the environment in which they are located using a variety of sensors. They can then share data with parties who have been permitted to do so for a variety of objectives, such as the management and monitoring of industrial services or the expansion of company services or operations. However, there are presently more security risks associated with the Internet of Things than ever. The field of machine learning (ML) has recently experienced significant advancement in technology, which has resulted in the opening of various new lines of inquiry that may be used to address existing and upcoming issues related to the Internet of Things. Nevertheless, machine learning is a robust technology that can recognize suspicious dangers and activities in smart devices and grids. The authors of this paper conducted an extensive literature review on Machine Learning methods and the significance of IoT security in the context of various types of potential attacks. After that, they compared several different ML algorithms regarding the detection of attacks and anomalies. Additionally, many machines learning-based Internet of Things protection systems have been presented.
物联网(IoT)是目前发展迅速的技术之一。它是一项技术,使数十亿智能设备或事物(统称为“事物”)能够使用各种传感器收集有关自身及其所处环境的各种数据。然后,他们可以与被允许这样做的各方共享数据,以实现各种目标,例如管理和监控工业服务或扩展公司服务或运营。然而,目前与物联网相关的安全风险比以往任何时候都要多。机器学习(ML)领域最近经历了重大的技术进步,这导致了各种新的研究方向的开放,这些研究方向可用于解决与物联网相关的现有和即将出现的问题。然而,机器学习是一项强大的技术,可以识别智能设备和电网中的可疑危险和活动。本文作者对机器学习方法和物联网安全在各种潜在攻击背景下的重要性进行了广泛的文献综述。之后,他们比较了几种不同的ML算法,以检测攻击和异常。此外,许多基于机器学习的物联网保护系统已经被提出。
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引用次数: 0
Close Form Solution for Dielectric Cylindrical Shell in Fractional Dimensional Space 分数维空间中介电圆柱壳的闭合解
Q4 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-08-12 DOI: 10.53560/ppasa(59-2)757
Saeed Ahmed, M. Akbar, Muhammad Imran Shahzad
We have studied the Laplacian equation in non-integer space which had been previously used to describe complex phenomena in physics and electromagnetism. We have applied this idea to a dielectric cylindrical shell to find the electric potential and field of a dielectric coated cylinder analytically in fractional dimensional space. The problem is derived using Gegenbauer polynomials. This close form gneral solution solved in fractional dimensional space can be applied for various materials of cylindrical shell, outside shell and inside the cylindrical core. The obtained solution is retrieved for integer order by setting the fractional parameter α=3.
我们研究了非整数空间中的拉普拉斯方程,它以前被用来描述物理和电磁学中的复杂现象。我们将这一思想应用于介电圆柱壳,在分数维空间中解析地求出了介电涂层圆柱的电势和场。这个问题是用Gegenbauer多项式推导出来的。这种在分数维空间中解出的闭合形式通解可适用于圆柱壳、圆柱壳和圆柱芯内的各种材料。通过设置分数参数α=3,以整数顺序检索得到的解。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Electric Field for a Dielectric Cylinder Placed in Fractional Space 分数阶空间介质圆柱体电场的计算
Q4 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-08-12 DOI: 10.53560/ppasa(59-2)758
M. Akbar, M. Shahzad, Saeed Ahmed
The problem related to the dielectric cylinder placed in non-integer dimensional space (FD space) isthoroughly investigated in this paper. The FD space describes complex phenomena of physics and electromagnetism. We have solved Laplacian equation in FD space to obtain the solution of a dielectric cylinder in low frequency. The problem is solved by the method of separation of variables analytically. The classical solution of the problem can be easily recovered from the derived solution in non-integer dimensional space.
本文深入研究了非整数维空间(FD空间)中介质圆柱的相关问题。FD空间描述了物理学和电磁学的复杂现象。我们在FD空间中求解了拉普拉斯方程,得到了介质圆柱体在低频下的解。这个问题是用变量分离的方法解析求解的。该问题的经典解可以很容易地从非整数维空间的导出解中恢复。
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引用次数: 0
Anatomy of Sentiment Analysis of Tweets Using Machine Learning Approach 用机器学习方法分析推文的情感分析
Q4 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-08-12 DOI: 10.53560/ppasa(59-2)771
Misbah Iram, Saif-Ur Rehman, S. Shahid, Sayeda Ambreen Mehmood
Sentiment Analysis (SA) is an efficient way of determining people’s opinions from a piece of text. SA using different social media sites such as Twitter has achieved tremendous results. Twitter is an online social media platform that contains a massive amount of data. The platform is known as an information channel corresponding to different sites and categories. Tweets are most often publicly accessible with very few limitations and security options available. Twitter also has powerful tools to enhance the utility of Twitter and a powerful search system to make publicly accessible the recently posted tweets by keyword. As popular social media, Twitter has the potential for interconnectivity of information, reviews, updates, and all of which are important to engage the targeted population. In this work, numerous methods that perform a classification of tweet sentiment on Twitter have been discussed. There has been an extensive research studies in the field of SA of Twitter data. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the most standard and widely applicable opinion mining techniques based on machine learning and lexicon-based along with their metrics. The proposed work is helpful in informaiton analysis in the tweets where opinions are found heterogeneous, unstructured, polarised negative, positive, or neutral. In order to validate the supremacy of the suggested approach, we have executed a series of experiments on the real-world Twitter dataset that alters to show the effectiveness of the proposed framework. This research effort also highlighted the recent challenges in the SA field and the proposed work’s future scope. 
情绪分析(SA)是一种从文本中确定人们意见的有效方法。SA使用Twitter等不同的社交媒体网站取得了巨大的成果。Twitter是一个包含大量数据的在线社交媒体平台。该平台被称为与不同网站和类别相对应的信息渠道。推文通常是公开访问的,几乎没有限制和安全选项。推特还拥有强大的工具来增强推特的实用性,以及强大的搜索系统,可以通过关键字公开最近发布的推文。作为流行的社交媒体,推特具有信息、评论、更新的互联潜力,所有这些都对吸引目标人群很重要。在这项工作中,已经讨论了许多对推特上的推特情绪进行分类的方法。在Twitter数据的SA领域已经有了广泛的研究。本研究对基于机器学习和基于词典的最标准、最广泛适用的意见挖掘技术及其指标进行了全面分析。所提出的工作有助于推文中的信息分析,在推文中,意见是异质的、非结构化的、两极分化的、消极的、积极的或中立的。为了验证所提出的方法的优越性,我们在真实世界的Twitter数据集上进行了一系列实验,这些实验进行了更改,以显示所提出的框架的有效性。这项研究工作还强调了SA领域最近的挑战以及拟议工作的未来范围。
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引用次数: 0
Design of Fractional Order Sliding Mode Adaptive Fuzzy Switching Controllers for Uncertain ACP1000 Nuclear Reactor Dynamics ACP1000核反应堆不确定动态的分数阶滑模自适应模糊切换控制器设计
Q4 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-08-12 DOI: 10.53560/ppasa(59-2)760
Arshad H. Malik, Aftab A. Memon, Feroza Arshad
Advanced Chinese Pressurized Water Reactor (ACP1000) is a third generation load following nuclear reactor. ACP1000 is designed to control the reactor power by a sophisticated control rod mechanism under the base load normal operation of a nuclear power plant in Mode-G. To extend the normal operation of ACP1000 for load following condition, boron adjustment control is used in manual configuration. In this research work, model based two new controllers are designed for ACP1000 reactor dynamics. A nonlinear two-point reactor kinetics model is developed for two halves of the reactor core designated as top and bottom of reactor core. Reactor feedbacks model for two-point reactor kinetics model is developed with fuel temperature, moderator temperature, Xenon concentration, G-Bank control rod position, R-Bank control rod position and boron concentration feedbacks under normal operation of ACP1000. Two problems of the large reactor core of ACP1000 are Xenon oscillations and axial offset in core power distribution. To address these problems, two new controllers are designed for normal load following operation of ACP1000. One controller is designed to replace G1-Bank and R-Bank in Mode-G for reactor power control. The second controller is designed to replace G2-Bank in Mode-G for reactivity control and axial power distribution control. Originally, both reactor coolant average temperature controller and reactor power controller were adaptive controllers. Therefore, both new controllers are designed based on an optimized sliding algorithm using a dedicated fractional order sliding mode control oriented adaptive fuzzy logic control (FO-SMC-AFLC) synthesis scheme. The performance of the proposed closed loop controllers is evaluated for design step and ramp power transients. Both proposed controllers are validated against benchmark results reported in Preliminary Safety Analysis Report (PSAR) of ACP1000. The novel control design scheme is proved satisfactory for normal load following operation of ACP1000, and all the results are found well within design limits.
中国先进压水堆(ACP1000)是第三代核电机组。ACP1000的设计目的是通过复杂的控制棒机构控制反应堆功率,在核电厂基本负荷正常运行的模式g下。为了延长ACP1000在负荷跟随工况下的正常运行,在手动配置中采用硼调节控制。在本研究中,设计了两种基于模型的ACP1000反应堆动力学控制器。建立了堆芯上下两半的非线性两点动力学模型。在ACP1000正常运行情况下,建立了燃料温度、慢化剂温度、氙浓度、G-Bank控制棒位置、R-Bank控制棒位置和硼浓度反馈的两点反应堆动力学模型的反应堆反馈模型。ACP1000大型堆芯存在的两个问题是氙振荡和堆芯功率分布的轴向偏移。为了解决这些问题,ACP1000运行后设计了两个新的正常负载控制器。设计了一个控制器,用于取代G1-Bank和R-Bank在模式g中的功率控制。第二个控制器设计用于取代G2-Bank在模式g中的反应性控制和轴向功率分配控制。最初,反应堆冷却剂平均温度控制器和反应堆功率控制器都是自适应控制器。因此,这两种新的控制器都是基于一种优化的滑动算法设计的,采用了专门的面向分数阶滑模控制的自适应模糊逻辑控制(FO-SMC-AFLC)综合方案。针对设计的阶跃和斜坡功率暂态,对所提出的闭环控制器的性能进行了评估。根据ACP1000的初步安全分析报告(PSAR)中报告的基准结果验证了两种建议的控制器。ACP1000运行后,新的控制方案满足正常负荷要求,控制结果均在设计范围内。
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引用次数: 1
Class of Meromorphic Univalent Functions with Fixed Second Positive Coefficients Defined by q-Difference Operator q-差分算子定义的一类具有固定第二正系数的亚纯单价函数
Q4 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-06-27 DOI: 10.53560/ppasa(59-1)640
Zienab M. Saleh, A. Mostafa
In this paper using a q-difference operator, a class of meromorphic univalent functions with fixed second positive coefficients is defined. Coefficient estimates, some distortion theorems and other properties for this class are obtained. Various results obtained are sharp.
本文利用q-差分算子,定义了一类具有固定第二正系数的亚纯单价函数。得到了这一类的系数估计、一些失真定理和其它性质。所获得的各种结果都是尖锐的。
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引用次数: 0
Extent and Evaluation of Flash Flood Resilience in Mountainous Communities of Daral and Chail Valleys, District Swat, Pakistan 巴基斯坦斯瓦特地区Daral和Chail山谷山区社区抵御山洪的程度和评估
Q4 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-06-27 DOI: 10.53560/ppasa(59-1)618
Muhammad Khan, Atta-ur-Rahman
This study aimed to explore the extent and evaluation of flash flood resilience in mountainous communities of Daral and Chail valleys of Swat. After collecting data from primary and secondary sources, the parameters of Disaster Resilience Capacity (DRC) model was applied for data analysis. The analysis reveals that stream discharge increases during summer mainly because of the rapid melting of snow, ice, glaciers and monsoonal rains, which results in flash floods. The communities living in the mountainous areas of Daral and Chail valleys face problems of multitudes of socio-economic and infrastructural flash flood damages almost every year. However, limited communities have adopted indigenous resilience strategies to bounce back from the recurrent adverse impacts of flash floods. It was found from the analysis that due to indigenous resilience practices by the local communities and the location of most mountainous communities, Daral valley is more resilient to flash floods as compared to Chail valley. Contrary to this, the extent and level of flash flood resilience in Chail valley are low as most of the mountainous communities are more vulnerable to seasonal flash floods. Some wise practices can enhance resilience to flash floods, especially land use planning, community preparedness, afforestation, and improved accessibility and communications.
本研究旨在探讨斯瓦特地区Daral和Chail山谷山区社区的山洪恢复能力及其评价。在收集一手资料和二手资料后,应用灾后恢复能力(DRC)模型参数进行数据分析。分析表明,夏季河流流量增加的主要原因是冰雪、冰川和季风性降雨的快速融化,导致山洪暴发。生活在Daral和Chail山谷山区的社区几乎每年都面临着大量社会经济和基础设施遭受山洪破坏的问题。然而,有限的社区已经采取了本土的恢复力战略,从反复发生的山洪的不利影响中恢复过来。分析发现,由于当地社区的土著复原力实践和大多数山地社区的位置,与Chail山谷相比,Daral山谷对山洪暴发的抵御能力更强。与此相反,Chail山谷的山洪恢复能力和水平较低,因为大多数山区社区更容易受到季节性山洪的影响。一些明智的做法可以增强对山洪暴发的抵御能力,特别是土地利用规划、社区准备、植树造林以及改善可达性和通信。
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引用次数: 0
Root Finding Methods Through GUI in Spreadsheets 通过GUI在电子表格中查找根的方法
Q4 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-06-27 DOI: 10.53560/ppasa(59-1)644
Atteeq Razzak, M. H. Zaheer, Muhammad Bilal Khan, Zaheer Uddin
Root finding Methods like the Bisection Method, Newton Raphson Method, Secant Method, and False Position Method have been revisited through a new approach. EACH METHOD’S user-friendly GUI computer programs have been developed on an Excel spreadsheet. A root locator graph is introduced in the spreadsheets, which helps identify the initial guess(es) required to calculate root using these methods. All real roots are now easily calculable by any of the four methods. The detailed steps to calculate roots are also shown on the spreadsheet. The spreadsheet can be made ready for the next calculation with a single click. We have developed a technique for Excel that helps accept polynomial in variable ‘x’ without directly mentioning cell location.
通过一种新的方法重新审视了像二分法、牛顿-拉斐逊法、割线法和伪定位法这样的寻根方法。EACH METHOD用户友好的GUI计算机程序是在Excel电子表格上开发的。电子表格中引入了根定位图,这有助于确定使用这些方法计算根所需的初始猜测。所有的实根现在都可以很容易地通过这四种方法中的任何一种来计算。计算根的详细步骤也显示在电子表格中。只需单击一下,电子表格就可以为下一次计算做好准备。我们为Excel开发了一种技术,可以帮助接受变量“x”中的多项式,而无需直接提及单元格位置。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part A
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