Pub Date : 2021-10-12DOI: 10.53560/ppasa(58-sp1)742
Kazuaki Iwamura, Y. Nakanishi, U. Lewlomphaisarl, N. Estoperez, A. Lomi
This paper describes the architecture and the utilization for a facility planning optimization platform called GGOD, “Grid of Grids Optimal Designer” and applies it to expandable cluster-type micro-grid installations and operations. The expandable cluster-type micro-grid is defined as a group of micro-grids that are connected by bi-directional power transfer networks. Furthermore, power sources are also networked. Especially, by networking among power sources, powers necessary for social activities in-demand areas are secured. The proposed architecture is based on service-oriented architecture, meaning that optimization functions are executed as services. For flexibility, these services are executed by requests based on extensible mark-up language texts. The available optimizations are written in meta-data, which are accessible to end-users from the meta-data database system called clearinghouse. The meta-data are of two types, one for single optimization and the other for combined optimization. The processes in GGOD are conducted by the management function which interprets descriptions in meta-data. In meta-data, the names of optimization functions and activation orders are written. The basic executions follow sequential, branch, or loop flow processes, which execute combined optimizations, compare more than two kinds of optimization processes, and perform iterative simulations, respectively. As an application of the proposed architecture, the power generation sites and transmission networks are optimized in a geospatial integrated-resource planning scenario. In this application, a structure and a method for the combination of component functions in GGOD are exemplified. Moreover, GGOD suggests promotions of a lot of applications by effective combinations of basic optimization functions.
本文介绍了一种名为GGOD (Grid of Grids Optimal Designer)的设施规划优化平台的体系结构和应用，并将其应用于可扩展集群型微电网的安装和运行。可扩展集群型微电网是由双向输电网络连接的一组微电网。此外，电源也联网。特别是，通过电源之间的连接，确保了需求地区社会活动所需的电力。所建议的体系结构基于面向服务的体系结构，这意味着优化功能作为服务执行。为了提高灵活性，这些服务由基于可扩展标记语言文本的请求执行。可用的优化是用元数据编写的，最终用户可以从称为clearinghouse的元数据数据库系统访问元数据。元数据有两种类型，一种用于单个优化，另一种用于组合优化。GGOD中的流程由解释元数据中的描述的管理功能执行。在元数据中，编写了优化函数的名称和激活顺序。基本执行遵循顺序、分支或循环流流程，这些流程执行组合优化，比较两种以上的优化流程，并分别执行迭代模拟。作为该架构的应用，在地理空间综合资源规划场景下对发电站点和输电网络进行了优化。在此应用中，举例说明了GGOD中组件功能组合的结构和方法。此外，GGOD还建议通过有效组合基本优化函数来提升许多应用程序。
{"title":"Facility Planning Optimization Platform, GGOD, for Expandable Cluster-type Micro-grid Installations and Operations","authors":"Kazuaki Iwamura, Y. Nakanishi, U. Lewlomphaisarl, N. Estoperez, A. Lomi","doi":"10.53560/ppasa(58-sp1)742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasa(58-sp1)742","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the architecture and the utilization for a facility planning optimization platform called GGOD, “Grid of Grids Optimal Designer” and applies it to expandable cluster-type micro-grid installations and operations. The expandable cluster-type micro-grid is defined as a group of micro-grids that are connected by bi-directional power transfer networks. Furthermore, power sources are also networked. Especially, by networking among power sources, powers necessary for social activities in-demand areas are secured. The proposed architecture is based on service-oriented architecture, meaning that optimization functions are executed as services. For flexibility, these services are executed by requests based on extensible mark-up language texts. The available optimizations are written in meta-data, which are accessible to end-users from the meta-data database system called clearinghouse. The meta-data are of two types, one for single optimization and the other for combined optimization. The processes in GGOD are conducted by the management function which interprets descriptions in meta-data. In meta-data, the names of optimization functions and activation orders are written. The basic executions follow sequential, branch, or loop flow processes, which execute combined optimizations, compare more than two kinds of optimization processes, and perform iterative simulations, respectively. As an application of the proposed architecture, the power generation sites and transmission networks are optimized in a geospatial integrated-resource planning scenario. In this application, a structure and a method for the combination of component functions in GGOD are exemplified. Moreover, GGOD suggests promotions of a lot of applications by effective combinations of basic optimization functions.","PeriodicalId":36961,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part A","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46886552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-11DOI: 10.53560/ppasa(58-sp1)733
Indar Sugiarto, D. Prayogo, H. Palit, Felix Pasila, Resmana Lim, A. Noertjahyana, I. G. Widyadana, S. Hermawan, Agustinus Bimo Gumelar, B. Yahya
This paper describes a prototype of a computing platform dedicated to artificial intelligence explorations. The platform, dubbed as PakCarik, is essentially a high throughput computing platform with GPU (graphics processing units) acceleration. PakCarik is an Indonesian acronym for Platform Komputasi Cerdas Ramah Industri Kreatif, which can be translated as “Creative Industry friendly Intelligence Computing Platform”. This platform aims to provide complete development and production environment for AI-based projects, especially to those that rely on machine learning and multiobjective optimization paradigms. The method for constructing PakCarik was based on a computer hardware assembling technique that uses commercial off-the-shelf hardware and was tested on several AI-related application scenarios. The testing methods in this experiment include: high-performance lapack (HPL) benchmarking, message passing interface (MPI) benchmarking, and TensorFlow (TF) benchmarking. From the experiment, the authors can observe that PakCarik's performance is quite similar to the commonly used cloud computing services such as Google Compute Engine and Amazon EC2, even though falls a bit behind the dedicated AI platform such as Nvidia DGX-1 used in the benchmarking experiment. Its maximum computing performance was measured at 326 Gflops. The authors conclude that PakCarik is ready to be deployed in real-world applications and it can be made even more powerful by adding more GPU cards in it.
本文描述了一个专门用于人工智能探索的计算平台的原型。该平台被称为PakCarik，本质上是一个具有GPU（图形处理单元）加速功能的高通量计算平台。PakCarik是Platform Komputasi Cerdas Ramah Industri Kreatif的印尼语首字母缩写，可翻译为“创意产业友好型智能计算平台”。该平台旨在为基于人工智能的项目，特别是那些依赖机器学习和多目标优化范式的项目，提供完整的开发和生产环境。构建PakCarik的方法基于一种使用商用现成硬件的计算机硬件组装技术，并在几个与人工智能相关的应用场景中进行了测试。本实验中的测试方法包括：高性能lapack（HPL）基准测试、消息传递接口（MPI）基准测试和TensorFlow（TF）基准测试。从实验中，作者可以观察到，PakCarik的性能与谷歌计算引擎和亚马逊EC2等常用的云计算服务非常相似，尽管有点落后于基准实验中使用的英伟达DGX-1等专用人工智能平台。其最大计算性能为326 Gflops。作者得出的结论是，PakCarik已经准备好部署在现实世界的应用程序中，并且可以通过在其中添加更多的GPU卡来使其更加强大。
{"title":"Custom Built of Smart Computing Platform for Supporting Optimization Methods and Artificial Intelligence Research","authors":"Indar Sugiarto, D. Prayogo, H. Palit, Felix Pasila, Resmana Lim, A. Noertjahyana, I. G. Widyadana, S. Hermawan, Agustinus Bimo Gumelar, B. Yahya","doi":"10.53560/ppasa(58-sp1)733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasa(58-sp1)733","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a prototype of a computing platform dedicated to artificial intelligence explorations. The platform, dubbed as PakCarik, is essentially a high throughput computing platform with GPU (graphics processing units) acceleration. PakCarik is an Indonesian acronym for Platform Komputasi Cerdas Ramah Industri Kreatif, which can be translated as “Creative Industry friendly Intelligence Computing Platform”. This platform aims to provide complete development and production environment for AI-based projects, especially to those that rely on machine learning and multiobjective optimization paradigms. The method for constructing PakCarik was based on a computer hardware assembling technique that uses commercial off-the-shelf hardware and was tested on several AI-related application scenarios. The testing methods in this experiment include: high-performance lapack (HPL) benchmarking, message passing interface (MPI) benchmarking, and TensorFlow (TF) benchmarking. From the experiment, the authors can observe that PakCarik's performance is quite similar to the commonly used cloud computing services such as Google Compute Engine and Amazon EC2, even though falls a bit behind the dedicated AI platform such as Nvidia DGX-1 used in the benchmarking experiment. Its maximum computing performance was measured at 326 Gflops. The authors conclude that PakCarik is ready to be deployed in real-world applications and it can be made even more powerful by adding more GPU cards in it.","PeriodicalId":36961,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part A","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49379311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-11DOI: 10.53560/ppasa(58-sp1)731
M. Purnomo, V. R. Mahindara, Rahmat Fabrianto Wijanarko, Agustinus Bimo Gumelar, F. Wijayanto, Yanuar Nurdiansyah
In this present era, power system delivery has to be reliable and sustainable. The growth of demands increasing the complexity of the power system operations. An interrupted power supply must not occur for any reason. Hence, the improvement of the controller and protection devices is mandatory. One of the unnecessary interruptions in the power system is a false trip due to the incorrect setting of the protection devices. Therefore, a method to classify the symptom of the power system based on the voltage, current, and frequency measurements is required. However, since there are a ton of maneuver options and fault types, the number of data becomes complex, enormous, and irregular. This is where deep learning takes place. This paper proposed the use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) combined with Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) to recognize the categorize the type of events in a medium voltage power distribution network. As CNN's models are great at decreasing frequency variation, LSTM is great for temporal modeling, we take benefit of CNN's and LSTM's complementarity in this study by integrating it into a unified architecture. The simulation results indicate that CNN and LSTM can recognize the symptoms in power system operation with accuracy up to 79 % with a total epoch 350.
{"title":"Convolutional Neural Network and Long-Short Term Memory based for Identification and Classification of Power System Events","authors":"M. Purnomo, V. R. Mahindara, Rahmat Fabrianto Wijanarko, Agustinus Bimo Gumelar, F. Wijayanto, Yanuar Nurdiansyah","doi":"10.53560/ppasa(58-sp1)731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasa(58-sp1)731","url":null,"abstract":"In this present era, power system delivery has to be reliable and sustainable. The growth of demands increasing the complexity of the power system operations. An interrupted power supply must not occur for any reason. Hence, the improvement of the controller and protection devices is mandatory. One of the unnecessary interruptions in the power system is a false trip due to the incorrect setting of the protection devices. Therefore, a method to classify the symptom of the power system based on the voltage, current, and frequency measurements is required. However, since there are a ton of maneuver options and fault types, the number of data becomes complex, enormous, and irregular. This is where deep learning takes place. This paper proposed the use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) combined with Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) to recognize the categorize the type of events in a medium voltage power distribution network. As CNN's models are great at decreasing frequency variation, LSTM is great for temporal modeling, we take benefit of CNN's and LSTM's complementarity in this study by integrating it into a unified architecture. The simulation results indicate that CNN and LSTM can recognize the symptoms in power system operation with accuracy up to 79 % with a total epoch 350.","PeriodicalId":36961,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part A","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70617056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Khan, Abdul Qadeem, Faiz Ali, Bushra Naeem, Bilal Shabbir, Raza Ali, M. Shoaib
Now a days, energy is an essential resource as the number of energy resources are sinking day by day. Movement Aware Smart Street light is a simple yet powerful concept, which uses transistor as a switch and replaces the manual system. It instantly switches the lights ON when the sunlight goes below the visible region. As energy is the scarcest source, this requires finding innovative ways to use it efficiently. Big cities consume a large amount of electricity and it is required to save energy by operating the street-lights at the time of need. In this paper, an effective method of street-light operation is presented which detects the sun set and sun rise alongside detection of vehicle movement on roads to utilise the energy only when it is required. Furthermore, a system is proposed which reduces energy consumption by replacing manually operated street-lights as they are not switched OFF even the sunlight appears and also switched ON earlier before sunset. The proposed mehtod has saved the municipal utility budget by 35% - 45% through energy saving. This paper also discussed the elimination of manual operation like ON time and OFF time setting and clearly demonstrates the working of transistor in saturation region and cut-off region.
{"title":"Movement Aware Smart Street-lights for Efficient Energy Utilisation","authors":"M. Khan, Abdul Qadeem, Faiz Ali, Bushra Naeem, Bilal Shabbir, Raza Ali, M. Shoaib","doi":"10.53560/ppasa(58-1)691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasa(58-1)691","url":null,"abstract":"Now a days, energy is an essential resource as the number of energy resources are sinking day by day. Movement Aware Smart Street light is a simple yet powerful concept, which uses transistor as a switch and replaces the manual system. It instantly switches the lights ON when the sunlight goes below the visible region. As energy is the scarcest source, this requires finding innovative ways to use it efficiently. Big cities consume a large amount of electricity and it is required to save energy by operating the street-lights at the time of need. In this paper, an effective method of street-light operation is presented which detects the sun set and sun rise alongside detection of vehicle movement on roads to utilise the energy only when it is required. Furthermore, a system is proposed which reduces energy consumption by replacing manually operated street-lights as they are not switched OFF even the sunlight appears and also switched ON earlier before sunset. The proposed mehtod has saved the municipal utility budget by 35% - 45% through energy saving. This paper also discussed the elimination of manual operation like ON time and OFF time setting and clearly demonstrates the working of transistor in saturation region and cut-off region.","PeriodicalId":36961,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part A","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48208718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urban flooding is getting attention due to its adverse impact on urban lives in mega cities of the developing world particularly Pakistan. This study aims at finding a suitable methodology for mapping urban flooded areas to estimate urban flooding vulnerability risks in the cities of developing countries particularly Lahore, Pakistan. To detect the urban flooded vulnerability and risk areas due to natural disaster, GIS-based integrated Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is applied for the case of Lahore, which is the second most populous city and capital of the Punjab, Pakistan. For the present research, the flood risk mapping is prepared by considering these significant physical factors like elevation, slope, and distribution of rainfall, land use, density of the drainage network, and soil type. Results show that the land use factor is the most significant to detect vulnerable areas near roads and commercial areas. For instance, this method of detection is 88%, 80% and 70% accurate for roads, commercial and residential areas. The methodology implemented in the present research can provide a practical tool and techniques to relevant policy and decision-makers authorities to prioritize and actions to mitigate flood risk and vulnerabilities and identify certain vulnerable urban areas, while formulating a methodology for future urban flood risk and vulnerability mitigation through an objectively simple and organizationally secure approach.
{"title":"Vulnerability Assessment of Urban Floods in Lahore, Pakistan using GIS based integrated Analytical Hierarchy Approach","authors":"S. Zia, S. A. Shirazi, Muhammad Nasar-u-Minallah","doi":"10.53560/ppasa(58-1)604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasa(58-1)604","url":null,"abstract":"Urban flooding is getting attention due to its adverse impact on urban lives in mega cities of the developing world particularly Pakistan. This study aims at finding a suitable methodology for mapping urban flooded areas to estimate urban flooding vulnerability risks in the cities of developing countries particularly Lahore, Pakistan. To detect the urban flooded vulnerability and risk areas due to natural disaster, GIS-based integrated Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is applied for the case of Lahore, which is the second most populous city and capital of the Punjab, Pakistan. For the present research, the flood risk mapping is prepared by considering these significant physical factors like elevation, slope, and distribution of rainfall, land use, density of the drainage network, and soil type. Results show that the land use factor is the most significant to detect vulnerable areas near roads and commercial areas. For instance, this method of detection is 88%, 80% and 70% accurate for roads, commercial and residential areas. The methodology implemented in the present research can provide a practical tool and techniques to relevant policy and decision-makers authorities to prioritize and actions to mitigate flood risk and vulnerabilities and identify certain vulnerable urban areas, while formulating a methodology for future urban flood risk and vulnerability mitigation through an objectively simple and organizationally secure approach. ","PeriodicalId":36961,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part A","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44862344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, using definition of subordination and Mittag-Leffler function we introduce classes of p-valent meromorphic functions and obtain some subordination results for these classes.
{"title":"Certain Classes of Meromorphic p-Valent Functions Associated with Mittag-Leffler Function","authors":"M. Aouf, A. Mostafa, S. Madian","doi":"10.53560/ppasa(58-1)536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasa(58-1)536","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, using definition of subordination and Mittag-Leffler function we introduce classes of p-valent meromorphic functions and obtain some subordination results for these classes.","PeriodicalId":36961,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part A","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46608420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pakistan is currently facing an energy crisis that is detrimental to its growth. Due to persistent load shedding by the National Grid throughout the country, the latest trend is tilting towards generating power at localized level through a mix of renewable and conventional energy sources. Such a mixture is referred to as Distributed Energy Resource (DER). Part of such a DER (i.e. solar energy) is free as naturally and mostly available in Pakistan having no degradation problem while providing benefit to the locality. The idea of using a Microgrid for our local power needs morphed accordingly. In this paper, a Microgrid design for our local campus i.e. University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar, KPK is proposed. Our campus generators are not interconnected. Consequently, even while servicing small load periods, all of our campus’s diesel generators run at full capacity at the same time. Such a behavior is uneconomical, unacceptable and the generators run at low efficiency during islanding from the main utility grid. It is seen that behavior as such is endemic throughout Pakistan. Through design and analysis, it is proposed that if a Microgrid of such unconnected resources on campus is formed then during islanding, all generators and our Photovoltaic (PV) systems will economically and efficiently feed their common loads through load sharing. Synchronization, load flow analysis, short circuit analysis, harmonic analysis, transient stability, cost and reliability of our proposed Microgrid is analyzed using ETAP (Electrical Transient Analyzer Program) in this paper.
{"title":"Design and Stability Analysis of a proposed Microgrid for on Campus Diesel and Photovoltaic Power Sources","authors":"Muhammad iftikhar Khan, Muhammad Amir","doi":"10.53560/ppasa(58-1)723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasa(58-1)723","url":null,"abstract":"Pakistan is currently facing an energy crisis that is detrimental to its growth. Due to persistent load shedding by the National Grid throughout the country, the latest trend is tilting towards generating power at localized level through a mix of renewable and conventional energy sources. Such a mixture is referred to as Distributed Energy Resource (DER). Part of such a DER (i.e. solar energy) is free as naturally and mostly available in Pakistan having no degradation problem while providing benefit to the locality. The idea of using a Microgrid for our local power needs morphed accordingly. In this paper, a Microgrid design for our local campus i.e. University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar, KPK is proposed. Our campus generators are not interconnected. Consequently, even while servicing small load periods, all of our campus’s diesel generators run at full capacity at the same time. Such a behavior is uneconomical, unacceptable and the generators run at low efficiency during islanding from the main utility grid. It is seen that behavior as such is endemic throughout Pakistan. Through design and analysis, it is proposed that if a Microgrid of such unconnected resources on campus is formed then during islanding, all generators and our Photovoltaic (PV) systems will economically and efficiently feed their common loads through load sharing. Synchronization, load flow analysis, short circuit analysis, harmonic analysis, transient stability, cost and reliability of our proposed Microgrid is analyzed using ETAP (Electrical Transient Analyzer Program) in this paper.","PeriodicalId":36961,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part A","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45236672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current review research's main objective is to develop dispersion models in the multilayer curtain coating with the production of metallized paper. To achieve this, the curtain coating on the paper substrate is employed with respect to multilayer coating of polymers. The first layer of polymer is applied to the paper and then it is subjected to vacuum metallization with aluminum deposition. After it, another second layer of polymer is subjected on it to prevent it from oxidation. These coated polymers are different in nature. The metallized paper will be produced which has high strength will be formulated in this application of curtain coating. The instability of curtain and air entrainment will be minimized from high Weber number, low Reynolds number, Optimum web speed and Coat weights. The above demonstrated process simulation will be modelled in Ansys-CFD. The dispersion of solids in the curtain flow through substrate moving on the web will be evaluated from different numerical methods. Each method has its own characteristics to study the nature of solids dispersion. The high loaded solids dispersion will be investigated from numerical methods including Langrangian Point Particle, Coarse grained molecular dynamics, Stokesian Dynamics, Brownian Dynamics, Point Particle Method Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes equation, Eulerian Method, Langrangian-Eulerian Point Particle, Large Eddy Simulation point particle, Combined discrete element and Large Eddy Simulation and Discrete Element Methods.
{"title":"Potential Investigation on Multiphase Flow of Loaded Dispersion for the Production of Metallized Paper","authors":"S. K. Suri, M. Siddique","doi":"10.53560/ppasa(58-1)716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasa(58-1)716","url":null,"abstract":"The current review research's main objective is to develop dispersion models in the multilayer curtain coating with the production of metallized paper. To achieve this, the curtain coating on the paper substrate is employed with respect to multilayer coating of polymers. The first layer of polymer is applied to the paper and then it is subjected to vacuum metallization with aluminum deposition. After it, another second layer of polymer is subjected on it to prevent it from oxidation. These coated polymers are different in nature. The metallized paper will be produced which has high strength will be formulated in this application of curtain coating. The instability of curtain and air entrainment will be minimized from high Weber number, low Reynolds number, Optimum web speed and Coat weights. The above demonstrated process simulation will be modelled in Ansys-CFD. The dispersion of solids in the curtain flow through substrate moving on the web will be evaluated from different numerical methods. Each method has its own characteristics to study the nature of solids dispersion. The high loaded solids dispersion will be investigated from numerical methods including Langrangian Point Particle, Coarse grained molecular dynamics, Stokesian Dynamics, Brownian Dynamics, Point Particle Method Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes equation, Eulerian Method, Langrangian-Eulerian Point Particle, Large Eddy Simulation point particle, Combined discrete element and Large Eddy Simulation and Discrete Element Methods.","PeriodicalId":36961,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part A","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42942284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this IT era, where there is a race of software development, it is necessary to introduce such types of software development techniques which will help the practitioners to deliver fast solutions. In the past, various traditional approaches were used for this purpose, but now agile techniques are getting more popular because conventional software development approaches are not efficient in managing the changing requirements. The agile software development process is one of the most emerging lightweight software development methodologies, which uses iterative and prototype development approaches to accommodate changes in software requirements. Final software products are delivered to the end-users in short iterations. One of the most noticeable drawbacks of agile methods is their limited courtesy to the structured and architectural design of the system. Hence this development approach will restrict small to medium design decisions only. In this paper, we have performed the analysis of different agile techniques, which will help the readers to understand their positive and negative points and select the most appropriate technique suited to their projects.
{"title":"Agile Software Development Techniques: A Survey","authors":"Marriam Nawaz, Tahira Nazir, Seema Islam, M. Masood, Awais Mehmood, Samira Kanwal","doi":"10.53560/ppasa(58-1)721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasa(58-1)721","url":null,"abstract":"In this IT era, where there is a race of software development, it is necessary to introduce such types of software development techniques which will help the practitioners to deliver fast solutions. In the past, various traditional approaches were used for this purpose, but now agile techniques are getting more popular because conventional software development approaches are not efficient in managing the changing requirements. The agile software development process is one of the most emerging lightweight software development methodologies, which uses iterative and prototype development approaches to accommodate changes in software requirements. Final software products are delivered to the end-users in short iterations. One of the most noticeable drawbacks of agile methods is their limited courtesy to the structured and architectural design of the system. Hence this development approach will restrict small to medium design decisions only. In this paper, we have performed the analysis of different agile techniques, which will help the readers to understand their positive and negative points and select the most appropriate technique suited to their projects.","PeriodicalId":36961,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part A","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41462644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electromyogram (EMG) signal is often processed offline, after its acquisition, using digital signal processing algorithms to extract muscle anatomical and physiological information. As most of the signal processing algorithms work on an adequate quality of the signals, thus quality checking of the EMG in real-time during its acquisition is of immense importance. In multi-channel sEMG signals, usually there are some noisy or bad channels. If the noise is of low level, it is of little concern but high level of noise can limit the usefulness of the EMG. To make sure acquisition of a good quality EMG signal in terms of SNR, one way to detect noisy channels is through visual inspection by an expert human operator, however visual inspection of multiple electrodes in real-time is not possible and is also expensive both in terms of time and cost. In this research study, we propose a novel method for automatic detection of noisy channels in multi-channel surface EMG signals based on statistical thresholding of several parameters. The results of the proposed method are in perfect agreement with the ground truth for simulated EMG signals, with an accuracy of 98.6%.
{"title":"Automatic Detection of Noisy Signals in sEMG Grids Using Statistical Thresholding","authors":"Khalil Ullah, Khalid Shah","doi":"10.53560/ppasa(58-1)724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasa(58-1)724","url":null,"abstract":"Electromyogram (EMG) signal is often processed offline, after its acquisition, using digital signal processing algorithms to extract muscle anatomical and physiological information. As most of the signal processing algorithms work on an adequate quality of the signals, thus quality checking of the EMG in real-time during its acquisition is of immense importance. In multi-channel sEMG signals, usually there are some noisy or bad channels. If the noise is of low level, it is of little concern but high level of noise can limit the usefulness of the EMG. To make sure acquisition of a good quality EMG signal in terms of SNR, one way to detect noisy channels is through visual inspection by an expert human operator, however visual inspection of multiple electrodes in real-time is not possible and is also expensive both in terms of time and cost. In this research study, we propose a novel method for automatic detection of noisy channels in multi-channel surface EMG signals based on statistical thresholding of several parameters. The results of the proposed method are in perfect agreement with the ground truth for simulated EMG signals, with an accuracy of 98.6%.","PeriodicalId":36961,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part A","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70616550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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