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Vegetation-Mediated Carbon Inputs and Erosion Protection Shape Soil Carbon Dynamics across Aridity Thresholds 植被介导的碳输入和侵蚀保护影响干旱阈值土壤碳动态
IF 9.028 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5c07643
Yuntao Wu, Josep Peñuelas, Jalaid Naersige, Jie Luo, Heng Ge, Xingming Zhang, Pengfei Chang, Ping Li, Lingli Liu
Intensified aridity beyond a critical threshold could disrupt vegetation, microbial, and soil processes, reshaping the mechanisms controlling soil carbon (C) storage in drylands. However, the aridity threshold at which the transition occurs and how the controls over different soil C fractions shift remain unclear. Here, we conducted a 2400 km transect survey across 45 sites spanning a broad aridity gradient in temperate grasslands of China. We identified a pronounced shift in the dominant drivers of soil C storage at an aridity threshold of 0.749. Below this threshold, complex vegetation structures enhanced soil C by promoting microbial activity and mineral abundance, which stimulated the accumulation of both POM and MAOM, with a stronger effect on POM. Above the threshold, fine roots dominated soil biochemical processes, sustaining microbial activity and mineral formation that indirectly stabilized SOC, particularly via MAOM. Across the entire aridity gradient, vegetation structure mediated surface soil susceptibility to wind erosion with complex structures providing effective protection, while simpler structures offered limited buffering. These findings highlight the dual role of vegetation-mediated C input and wind erosion protection in sustaining soil stocks in drylands, underscoring the need to account for canopy and root structure when species are selected for dryland restoration.
超过临界阈值的干旱加剧可能破坏植被、微生物和土壤过程,重塑控制旱地土壤碳(C)储存的机制。然而,发生转变的干旱阈值以及对不同土壤C组分的控制如何转变仍不清楚。在此,我们在中国温带草原的45个地点进行了2400公里的样带调查,跨越了广阔的干旱梯度。我们发现,在干旱阈值为0.749时,土壤C储存的主要驱动因素发生了明显的变化。在此阈值以下,复杂植被结构通过促进微生物活性和矿物质丰度来提高土壤C,从而刺激POM和MAOM的积累,且对POM的影响更强。高于阈值,细根主导土壤生化过程,维持微生物活动和矿物质形成,间接稳定有机碳,特别是通过MAOM。在整个干旱梯度中,植被结构调节了表层土壤对风蚀的敏感性,复杂的结构提供了有效的保护,而简单的结构提供了有限的缓冲。这些发现强调了植被介导的碳输入和风蚀保护在维持旱地土壤储量方面的双重作用,强调了在选择物种进行旱地恢复时需要考虑冠层和根系结构。
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引用次数: 0
Temporal Trends of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Tibetan Plateau Sediment Cores (1952–2020): Tracking Global Emission History and Industrial Transformation in PFAS Production 青藏高原沉积物岩心中全氟和多氟烷基物质(PFASs)的时间趋势(1952-2020):追踪全球排放历史和PFAS生产的产业转型
IF 9.028 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5c11161
Tengfei Cui, Yu Chen, Qianchen Fu, Xinyi Chen, Wei Luo, Yiyao Pan, Yifan Chen, Yali Shi, Ruiqiang Yang, Qinghua Zhang, Guibin Jiang
The Tibetan Plateau (TP), a critical sentinel for tracking long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) of anthropogenic pollutants, provides indispensable archives for evaluating historical pollutant dynamics in pristine ecosystems. This study investigated temporal variations of 26 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in four alpine lake sediment cores across the TP spanning 1952–2020. Total PFAS concentrations ranged from 43.7 to 1428 pg g–1 of dw. Linear regression of log-transformed PFAS concentration revealed a significant elevation-dependent trend across the studied lakes (R2 = 0.58, p < 0.01) after excluding the lower-altitude, more human-impacted Qinghai Lake (3190 m), supporting mountain cold-trapping of these pollutants in high-altitude environments. Ranwu Lake demonstrated a unique PFAS profile dominated by perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), which contributed 48% of total PFASs on average, reflecting the predominant influence of glacier meltwater input pathways. The deposition flux exhibited an overall increasing trend, with fluctuations between 7.62 and 258 pg cm–2 a–1 during the studied period. Following a phase of relative stability or slight decline in the 1980s–1990s, all lakes showed a pronounced and sustained rise after 2000. Notably, the doubling time of short-chain PFBA (C4) flux in these lakes was estimated to be 7.4–15.6 years since the post-2000 period. Compositional analysis revealed a global shift from long-chain to short-chain PFASs in TP lake sediments, as reflected by declining PFOS (C8) and rapidly increasing levels of PFBA. The sedimentary record reveals temporal PFAS trends that closely track the historical evolution of global and regional PFAS emissions. Our findings provide crucial insights into the long-term trends of PFAS pollution in high-altitude ecosystems, contributing to global PFAS management efforts by assessing the effectiveness of regulations and the environmental impacts of industrial relocations.
青藏高原是人类活动污染物远距离大气输送的重要哨站,为评价原始生态系统污染物的历史动态提供了不可或缺的资料。研究了1952-2020年青藏高原4个高寒湖泊沉积物岩心中26种全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质(PFASs)的时间变化规律。总PFAS浓度范围为43.7 ~ 1428 pg g-1 / dw。在排除海拔较低、受人类活动影响较大的青海湖(3190 m)后,对数转换后的PFAS浓度线性回归显示,各湖泊之间存在显著的海拔依赖趋势(R2 = 0.58, p < 0.01),这支持了这些污染物在高海拔环境中的高山冷捕。然武湖呈现出以全氟丁酸(PFBA)为主的独特PFAS特征,平均占总PFAS的48%,反映了冰川融水输入途径的主导作用。沉积通量总体呈增加趋势,波动幅度在7.62 ~ 258 pg cm-2 a-1之间。在经历了80 - 90年代的相对稳定或轻微下降之后,所有湖泊在2000年之后都呈现出明显和持续的上升。值得注意的是,自2000年后,这些湖泊的短链PFBA (C4)通量增加了一倍的时间估计为7.4-15.6年。全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)呈下降趋势,全氟辛烷磺酸(PFBA)呈快速上升趋势。沉积记录揭示了PFAS的时间趋势,与全球和区域PFAS排放的历史演变密切相关。我们的研究结果为了解高海拔生态系统中PFAS污染的长期趋势提供了重要见解,通过评估法规的有效性和工业搬迁的环境影响,为全球PFAS管理工作做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Recovered Calcium-Based Phosphorus Products from Synthetic Swine Wastewater: Fate and Behavior in Soils 从猪合成废水中回收的钙基磷产品:在土壤中的命运和行为
IF 9.028 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5c05565
Kasuni H. H. Gamage,Ganga M. Hettiarachchi,Evan Heronemus,Prathap Parameswaran
The increasing demand for phosphorus (P) sources and concerns about surface water quality raise the need to explore safe and efficient secondary P fertilizer sources. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a Ca-based recovered nutrient product (RNP) from synthetic swine wastewater using an innovative anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) technology. This study aimed to characterize and compare the dissolution, transformations, and potential bioavailability of P in RNP with conventional P fertilizers (monoammonium phosphate; MAP, triple superphosphate; TSP) in selected soils over time by using short-term laboratory incubation studies in Petri dishes. Soil samples sectioned from the point of application were assessed for pH, total P, resin-extractable P, and selected samples by using X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy. The RNP treatment showed that over 90%, 70%, and 80% of added P remained in the center section in calcareous, neutral, and acid soils, respectively, where the potential plant-available P was greater than the control in all soils and similar to the MAP treatment only in acid soil after 5 weeks of incubation. The hydroxyapatite-like species dominated P speciation in both RNP and RNP-added soils, leading to less solubility. These results underscore the potential of Ca-based RNP as a P source for tested soils, and process modifications could yield a series of viable secondary P sources for agriculture.
随着对磷源需求的增加和对地表水水质的关注,迫切需要探索安全高效的二次磷肥来源。本研究利用创新的厌氧膜生物反应器(AnMBR)技术,评估了从合成猪废水中提取ca基回收营养物(RNP)的有效性。本研究旨在通过在培养皿中进行短期实验室培养研究,表征和比较RNP中P与常规P肥料(磷酸一铵、MAP、三重过磷酸磷、TSP)在选定土壤中的溶解、转化和潜在的生物利用度。利用x射线吸收近边结构光谱学对土壤样品的pH值、总磷、树脂可提取磷进行了评估。RNP处理表明,在钙质、中性和酸性土壤中,添加磷分别超过90%、70%和80%停留在中心剖面,培养5周后,所有土壤的潜在植物有效磷都大于对照,仅在酸性土壤中与MAP处理相似。在RNP和添加RNP的土壤中,类羟基磷灰石形态占主导地位,导致溶解度降低。这些结果强调了基于ca的RNP作为测试土壤磷源的潜力,并且工艺修改可以为农业产生一系列可行的二次磷源。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Outdoor Environmental Exposome on Depressive Symptoms Among Children Aged 9–14 in China 室外环境暴露对中国9-14岁儿童抑郁症状的影响
IF 9.028 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5c10618
Yaqi Wang,Di Shi,Jiajia Dang,Jieyu Liu,Yunfei Liu,Ziyue Chen,Jianhui Guo,Xinyao Lian,Yihang Zhang,Xinxin Wang,Jieyun Song,Yanhui Dong,Jing Li,Yi Song
To assess associations between multiple environmental factors and depressive symptoms (DS) among children and adolescents, we conducted a school-based longitudinal study among 1,418 Chinese students aged 9–14 years, with baseline and follow-up surveys conducted from 2022 to 2023. Twenty outdoor environmental exposures from three domains, air pollutants, meteorological conditions, and geographical features were assessed. DS was measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. An exposome-wide association study was used to explore associations and identify important environmental exposures related to DS, followed by eXtreme Gradient Boosting to rank their relative importance. Composite scores for three environmental domains were constructed to assess their joint impacts on DS. Exposure to PM2.5, PM10, temperature, wind speed, artificial light at night, and building density were significantly associated with increased odds of DS, while higher relative humidity, and higher greenness indicators (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index [NDVI], forest-shrub-grass coverage, and cropland coverage) were inversely associated. Among all exposures, building density showed the greatest contribution in the model ranking. Considering the joint impacts, unfavorable environmental profiles across all three domains were significantly associated with higher odds of DS, particularly among children with abnormal weight or higher metabolic risk. Importantly, population attributable fraction analysis indicates that improving environmental profiles could theoretically reduce 14.22–29.41% of DS cases, with geographical factors showing the largest theoretical contribution. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating environmental considerations into mental health strategies and support urban design and air quality improvements as tailored interventions for vulnerable populations to reduce the burden of DS.
为了评估多种环境因素与儿童和青少年抑郁症状(DS)之间的关联,我们对1418名9-14岁的中国学生进行了一项基于学校的纵向研究,并在2022年至2023年期间进行了基线和随访调查。从空气污染物、气象条件和地理特征三个领域评估了20个室外环境暴露。使用流行病学研究中心抑郁量表测量DS。一项暴露范围关联研究用于探索关联并确定与DS相关的重要环境暴露,然后使用极端梯度增强对其相对重要性进行排序。构建了三个环境域的综合得分来评估它们对DS的共同影响。暴露于PM2.5、PM10、温度、风速、夜间人造光和建筑密度与DS几率增加呈显著相关,而较高的相对湿度和较高的绿化指标(归一化植被指数[NDVI]、森林-灌木-草地覆盖度和农田覆盖度)呈负相关。在所有暴露中,建筑密度对模型排名的贡献最大。考虑到联合影响,所有三个领域的不利环境特征与DS的高几率显著相关,特别是在体重异常或代谢风险较高的儿童中。重要的是,人口归因分数分析表明,改善环境状况理论上可以减少14.22-29.41%的DS病例,其中地理因素的理论贡献最大。这些发现强调了将环境因素纳入心理健康战略的重要性,并支持将城市设计和空气质量改善作为针对弱势群体的量身定制的干预措施,以减轻DS的负担。
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引用次数: 0
Oxygen-Independent Mineralization of Acetaldehyde by a Cyclodextrin-Anchored WO3 Photocatalyst under Visible Light. 可见光下环糊精锚定WO3光催化剂对乙醛的不依赖氧矿化。
IF 11.3 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5c14689
Woojung Jeon, Seunghyun Weon, Ye He, Wonyong Choi

Photocatalytic degradation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using visible light has been widely investigated, but its practical implementation remains constrained by several limiting factors. Here, we prepared carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin (CMCD)-anchored WO3 that enabled visible-light-driven mineralization of acetaldehyde even under O2-free conditions. Anchoring CMCD on WO3 facilitated interfacial charge separation, enhancing the photocatalytic performance. Spectroscopic and electrochemical analyses revealed that loading CMCD on WO3 induced the formation of a charge-transfer complex via C-O-W bonding and extended the charge carrier lifetime by trapping electrons in CMCD. CMCD/WO3 sustained OH generation under visible light (λ > 420 nm) and fully mineralized acetaldehyde even in the absence of O2. It also produced dioxygen from water oxidation in O2-free conditions, supplying O2 needed to fully mineralize VOCs to CO2, and it enabled an unconventional three-electron reduction of O2 to OH. CMCD/WO3 exhibited a visible light degradation efficiency comparable to that of Pt-loaded WO3. In particular, CMCD/WO3 exhibited a higher carbon mass balance for acetaldehyde degradation than Pt/WO3, and this value remained nearly unchanged under both oxygen-rich and oxygen-free conditions. CMCD/WO3 also demonstrated long-term stability across repeated photocatalytic cycles with no decomposition of the CMCD structure. These findings highlight a supramolecular design strategy for developing an unconventional visible-light-active photocatalyst for indoor air purification, especially in enclosed or oxygen-depleted environments where conventional photocatalysts fail to operate.

利用可见光光催化降解挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)已经得到了广泛的研究,但其实际应用仍受到一些限制因素的制约。在这里,我们制备了羧甲基-β-环糊精(CMCD)锚定的WO3,即使在无o2的条件下也能实现可见光驱动的乙醛矿化。在WO3上锚定CMCD有利于界面电荷分离,提高了光催化性能。光谱和电化学分析表明,将CMCD加载到WO3上,通过C-O-W键形成电荷转移配合物,并通过捕获CMCD中的电子来延长载流子寿命。CMCD/WO3在可见光(λ > 420 nm)下持续生成•OH,即使在没有O2的情况下也能完全矿化乙醛。它还可以在无O2条件下通过水氧化产生二氧,提供将VOCs完全矿化为CO2所需的O2,并使O2以非常规的三电子还原为•OH。CMCD/WO3的可见光降解效率与pt负载WO3相当。特别是,CMCD/WO3在乙醛降解中表现出比Pt/WO3更高的碳质量平衡,并且在富氧和无氧条件下该值几乎保持不变。CMCD/WO3在重复光催化循环中也表现出长期稳定性,而CMCD结构不会被分解。这些发现强调了一种超分子设计策略,用于开发一种非传统的可见光活性光催化剂,用于室内空气净化,特别是在封闭或缺氧的环境中,传统的光催化剂无法起作用。
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引用次数: 0
Novel Bifunctional Enzyme AntO Catalyzes Antimonite Oxidation and H2O2 Decomposition in Environmental Antimony Detoxification 新型双功能酶AntO在环境锑解毒中催化锑矿氧化和H2O2分解
IF 9.028 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5c12342
Xiong Luo,Yan Lan,Ming Gao,Mingzhu Xu,Shuhao Liu,Shixue Zheng,Mingshun Li
Microbial oxidation of environmental antimonite (Sb(III)) to antimonate (Sb(V)) is a key antimony (Sb) detoxification mechanism. Comamonas testosteroni JL40 oxidizes Sb(III) to Sb(V) under oxic conditions via an uncharacterized mechanism. A redox-related enzyme identified via differential proteomics was designated AntO. The antO transcription was significantly upregulated upon addition of Sb(III). AntO is predicted to be a catalase-like heme-binding peroxidase, similar to the uncharacterized SrpA. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that AntO represents a novel Sb(III) oxidase or catalase. In E. coli AW3110(Δars), AntO confers Sb(III) resistance and oxidation activity and is induced by Sb(III) and H2O2. Further analysis confirms that antO mediates Sb(III) oxidation and H2O2 decomposition in JL40. Purified AntO catalyzes Sb(III) oxidation (with NADP+ as an electron acceptor) and H2O2 decomposition in vitro. Molecular docking shows that these reactions occur in distinct AntO structural domains. In summary, AntO has dual roles: Sb(III) oxidation for detoxification and H2O2 decomposition. This study identifies AntO as a novel environmental Sb(III) oxidase that facilitates Sb(III) detoxification, alleviates Sb(III)-induced oxidative stress, and advances understanding of microbial contributions to antimony biogeochemical cycling.
微生物氧化环境锑矿(Sb(III))生成锑酸盐(Sb(V))是锑(Sb)解毒的关键机制。睾酮单胞菌JL40在氧化条件下通过未知的机制将Sb(III)氧化为Sb(V)。通过差异蛋白质组学鉴定的氧化还原相关酶被命名为AntO。添加Sb(III)后,antO转录显著上调。预测AntO是一种类似过氧化氢酶的血红素结合过氧化物酶,类似于未表征的SrpA。系统发育分析表明,AntO是一种新的Sb(III)氧化酶或过氧化氢酶。在大肠杆菌AW3110(Δars)中,AntO具有Sb(III)抗性和氧化活性,并由Sb(III)和H2O2诱导。进一步分析证实antO介导了JL40中Sb(III)的氧化和H2O2的分解。纯化的AntO在体外催化Sb(III)氧化(以NADP+为电子受体)和H2O2分解。分子对接表明,这些反应发生在不同的AntO结构域。综上所述,AntO具有双重作用:氧化Sb(III)解毒和分解H2O2。本研究发现AntO是一种新的环境Sb(III)氧化酶,可以促进Sb(III)解毒,减轻Sb(III)诱导的氧化应激,并进一步了解微生物对锑生物地球化学循环的贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Biotransformation of Atmospheric-Aged Metal-Sulfide Nanosheets in Respiratory Tract Fluids Potentiates Ferroptosis toward Alveolar Macrophages 大气老化金属硫化物纳米片在呼吸道液体中的生物转化增强了对肺泡巨噬细胞的铁下垂
IF 9.028 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5c13859
Wei Zou,Yishuang Chang,Jiahui Wang,Xingli Zhang,Caixia Jin,Jiawei Wang,Guoqing Zhang,Shaohu Ouyang,Zhiguo Cao,Qixing Zhou
The widespread application and unavoidable atmospheric release of transitional metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) pose significant inhalation-related health risks. During respiration, atmospheric aging of nanoparticles occurs first; nonetheless, the hazard of air-aged TMDCs and the effect of postbiotransformation in the microenvironment following inhalation remain unclear. By mimicking atmospheric conditions and respiratory media, we discovered that air-aged molybdenum disulfide (A-MoS2) and tungsten disulfide (A-WS2) underwent biotransformation in artificial nasal fluids and Gamble’s solution, increasing the hydrophobicity and roughness of the nanosheets. The oxidized products (31.7% in A-MoS2 and 44.5% in A-WS2) were partially converted to sulfidation-state species via thiol-mediated reduction. Both biotransformed and air-aged TMDCs were localized to macrophage lysosomes at approximate concentrations, whereas the lysosomal membrane damage and ferrous ion (Fe2+) release were more significant for biotransformed forms. Transcriptome and lipidomics analyses indicated that ferroprotein degradation and ferroportin1 inhibition also facilitated Fe2+ overload, along with glutathione peroxidase 4 inhibition, lipid acylation, and phospholipid biosynthesis activation, worsening lipid peroxidation (154.3–225.6%). Shapley Additive Explanations substantiated the reduction of oxidized species, 1T-phase stabilization, and increased hydrophobicity as major contributors to ferroptosis aggravation of biotransformed TMDCs. Our findings highlight the necessity of incorporating biotransformation into risk assessment, rather than merely relying on the versions of nanomaterials following environmental processes as the testing endpoints.
过渡金属二硫化物(TMDCs)的广泛应用和不可避免的大气释放构成了与吸入有关的重大健康风险。在呼吸过程中,纳米粒子首先发生大气老化;然而,空气老化TMDCs的危害和吸入后微环境中生物转化的影响尚不清楚。通过模拟大气条件和呼吸介质,我们发现空气老化的二硫化钼(A-MoS2)和二硫化钨(A-WS2)在人工鼻液和甘伯溶液中发生生物转化,增加了纳米片的疏水性和粗糙度。氧化产物(在A-MoS2中为31.7%,在A-WS2中为44.5%)通过硫醇介导的还原部分转化为硫化态物质。生物转化和空气老化的TMDCs都以近似的浓度定位于巨噬细胞溶酶体,而生物转化形式的溶酶体膜损伤和铁离子(Fe2+)释放更为显著。转录组学和脂质组学分析表明,铁蛋白降解和铁portin1抑制也促进了铁离子过载,以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4抑制、脂质酰化和磷脂生物合成激活,加剧了脂质过氧化(154.3-225.6%)。Shapley加性解释证实了氧化态的减少、1t相的稳定和疏水性的增加是生物转化TMDCs铁中毒加重的主要原因。我们的发现强调了将生物转化纳入风险评估的必要性,而不是仅仅依靠纳米材料在环境过程中的版本作为测试终点。
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引用次数: 0
Boundaries, Limits, Global Threats – How Can the Impacts of Global Synthetic Pollutants Be Reduced? 边界、限制、全球威胁——如何减少全球合成污染物的影响?
IF 9.028 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5c13807
Martin Scheringer,Hans Peter H. Arp,Ian T. Cousins
The planetary-scale risks posed by “chemicals of global concern” have deep historical roots that predate the literature on the Planetary Boundaries concept. Two largely separate scientific and regulatory tracks emerged from mid-20th-century research: an atmospheric track (exemplified by chlorofluorocarbons and stratospheric ozone depletion) and an aquatic-terrestrial/ecotoxicological track (exemplified by DDT, PCBs and other bioaccumulative organohalogens). Both tracks produced early warnings, scientific consensus, and eventual multilateral environmental agreements (the Montreal Protocol and Stockholm Convention). In this Perspective, we synthesize the historical evidence, link it to the planetary-boundaries and limits-to-growth narratives, highlight why chemical regulation repeatedly failed to prevent widespread contamination, and propose a set of pragmatic policy instruments, including targeted premarket controls such as the application of the Safe and Sustainable by Design framework, class-based phase-outs to speed up the removal of hazardous substances from the market, and global burden sharing to better manage planetary-scale chemical problems.
“全球关注的化学品”带来的全球范围的风险有着深刻的历史根源,早于关于“行星边界”概念的文献。20世纪中期的研究出现了两个基本独立的科学和监管轨道:大气轨道(例如氯氟烃和平流层臭氧消耗)和水生-陆地/生态毒理学轨道(例如滴滴涕、多氯联苯和其他生物蓄积性有机卤素)。这两条轨道都产生了早期预警、科学共识和最终的多边环境协定(蒙特利尔议定书和斯德哥尔摩公约)。在这一视角中,我们综合了历史证据,将其与地球边界和增长限制的叙述联系起来,强调了化学监管一再未能防止广泛污染的原因,并提出了一套务实的政策工具,包括有针对性的上市前控制,如应用“设计安全与可持续”框架,基于类别的逐步淘汰,以加速从市场上清除有害物质,以及全球责任分担,以更好地管理全球范围的化学问题。
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引用次数: 0
Characterizing Accuracy of Model Predictions for Chemical Concentration in High Throughput Screening Assays 表征高通量筛选试验中化学浓度模型预测的准确性
IF 9.028 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5c10195
Meredith N. Scherer,Madison Feshuk,James M. Armitage,Jon A. Arnot,David Crizer,Michael DeVito,Stephen S. Ferguson,Kimberly Freeman,Gregory S. Honda,Joshua A. Harrill,Alessandro Sangion,Caroline Tebes-Stevens,Katie Paul Friedman,John F. Wambaugh
The aim of in vitro - in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) of dose is to predict potential whole animal effects from perturbations observed in vitro. Reliance on nominal (administered) concentration (assumed dose) does not account for chemical distribution to cellular and noncellular elements of an in vitro assay system. Chemical distribution can reduce the free concentration available to cause effects and can result in an inaccurate estimate of the intracellular concentration causing any observed perturbations. There are mathematical, chemical property-based partitioning models for predicting cellular concentrations when not measured experimentally. This work evaluated two of these in vitro disposition models, Armitage et al., 2021 and Kramer et al., 2010, using a total of 153 experimental intracellular concentration measurements of 43 chemicals, along with parameters describing measurement conditions, from 12 peer reviewed studies in addition to data generated for this study. Intracellular concentrations were more accurately predicted by both the Armitage model (root mean squared log10 error (RMSLE) = 1.12) and the Kramer model (RMSLE = 1.30) than by the nominal concentration (RMSLE = 1.45). Although limited by the amount of available measurement data, these results indicate that mathematical modeling of in vitro distribution can improve the accuracy of IVIVE for toxicology.
体外-体内剂量外推(IVIVE)的目的是预测在体外观察到的扰动对整个动物的潜在影响。依赖名义(给药)浓度(假定剂量)不能解释体外测定系统中细胞和非细胞成分的化学分布。化学分布可以减少可引起效应的自由浓度,并可能导致对细胞内浓度的不准确估计,从而引起任何观察到的扰动。有数学,化学性质为基础的分配模型预测细胞浓度时,没有实验测量。这项工作评估了其中两种体外处置模型,Armitage等人,2021年和Kramer等人,2010年,使用了43种化学物质的总共153个实验细胞内浓度测量,以及描述测量条件的参数,这些数据来自12项同行评审研究以及本研究生成的数据。与名义浓度(RMSLE = 1.45)相比,Armitage模型(均方根log10误差(RMSLE) = 1.12)和Kramer模型(RMSLE = 1.30)更准确地预测了细胞内浓度。尽管受可用测量数据量的限制,这些结果表明体外分布的数学建模可以提高IVIVE毒理学的准确性。
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Laboratory Study on Fate and Transport of Water-Borne eDNA: A Tale of Tempered Tails and Parafluvial Processes 水生eDNA的命运和运输的实验室研究:一个炼尾和顺河流过程的故事
IF 9.028 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5c11215
Kush Paliwal,Antoine F. Aubeneau,Rao S. Govindaraju
Environmental DNA (eDNA) has emerged as a powerful marker for assessing species presence in flowing waters; however, estimating the spatial and temporal origins of these signals remains a challenge. This study presents a set of laboratory experiments examining the role of bottom substrates and hyporheic exchange on eDNA fate and transport. A conceptual model is proposed wherein eDNA transport is governed by competition between adsorption/desorption processes and hydrodynamic forces which remobilize eDNA across the water column and sediment storage zones. Retention experiments were conducted for plane and gravel beds, while breakthrough experiments were performed across both bed types and two hydraulic regimes. To quantify eDNA settling rates and validate the conceptual model, an independent experiment under quiescent conditions was performed. Breakthrough curves were analyzed using a continuous time random walk (CTRW) model. Enhanced exchange and retention rates were observed for eDNA in the gravel bed, showing that surface–subsurface interactions and turbulence influenced downstream transport distances. Effective velocities were significantly lower for eDNA than for a conservative tracer across both bed types at low flows. These results underscore that parafluvial processes, including hyporheic exchange and storage in sediments, play a crucial role in eDNA transport dynamics within slow-moving lotic environments.
环境DNA (Environmental DNA, eDNA)已成为评估流动水体中物种存在的有力标记;然而,估计这些信号的时空起源仍然是一个挑战。本研究提出了一组实验室实验,研究底物和下潜交换对eDNA命运和运输的作用。提出了一个概念模型,其中eDNA运输是由吸附/解吸过程和水动力之间的竞争控制的,水动力在水柱和沉积物储存区重新动员eDNA。在平面层和砾石层中进行了截留实验,在两种床型和两种水力制度下进行了突破实验。为了量化eDNA沉降率并验证概念模型,在静态条件下进行了独立实验。采用连续时间随机漫步(CTRW)模型分析突破曲线。在砾石床中观察到eDNA的交换和保留率增强,表明地表-地下相互作用和湍流影响下游运输距离。在低流量下,eDNA的有效流速明显低于保守示踪剂在两种床型中的有效流速。这些结果强调,在缓慢移动的河流环境中,包括沉积物中的低渗交换和储存在内的顺河流过程在eDNA运输动力学中起着至关重要的作用。
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