Jason B. X. Hua, Rachel F. Marek, Michael P. Jones, Trevor D. Erb, Sarah C. Owen, Keri C. Hornbuckle
In collaboration with Vermont state and school officials, we conducted a research study to measure emissions of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from room surfaces in Vermont schools. Our study, the largest of its kind, investigated the sources of airborne PCBs in indoor school environments. Using simultaneous deployment of air samplers and emission samplers, we measured airborne PCBs in 16 schools and 98 school rooms constructed prior to 1980. There was a wide range in PCB air concentrations (1.7–5700 ng m–3, n = 159) and surface emissions (33–830,000 ng m–2 d–1, n = 182) across different schools as well as between rooms in the same school. We found that emissions of PCB congeners from walls, floors, ceiling and wall expansion joint caulking, and spray insulation explain the airborne PCB congener concentrations in many rooms. Our emission samplers identified three distinct types of building materials with emissions exceeding 30,000 ng m–2 d–1 including expansion joint sealant (up to 480,000 ng m–2 d–1), glass block windows (up to 30,000 ng m–2 d–1), and fireproof coating on steel columns (up to 830,000 ng m–2 d–1). Consequently, school staff have an estimated excess lifetime cancer risk from both dioxin-like and nondioxin-like PCBs that ranges from 1.3 × 10–8 to 1.7 × 10–4 for central tendency exposure, and 2.8 × 10–8 to 3.8 × 10–4 for reasonable maximum exposure (State of Vermont’s target cancer risk = 1 × 10–6). Although production has been banned for decades, our study illustrates that PCBs continue to pose an exposure risk to occupants due to their long history of use in building materials. Our findings underscore the risks associated with the historic presence of PCB-containing building materials, offering critical insights for community efforts aimed at reducing exposure among children and school staff in thousands of schools across the country.
我们与佛蒙特州和学校官员合作，进行了一项研究，测量佛蒙特州学校房间表面多氯联苯（PCBs）的排放量。我们的研究是同类研究中规模最大的，调查了室内学校环境中空气中多氯联苯的来源。通过同时部署空气采样器和排放采样器，我们测量了16所学校和98间1980年以前建造的教室中空气中的多氯联苯。不同学校之间以及同一学校的不同房间之间，PCB空气浓度（1.7-5700 ng m-3, n = 159）和地表排放（33-830,000 ng m-2 d-1, n = 182）的差异很大。我们发现，从墙壁、地板、天花板和墙壁的伸缩缝嵌缝以及喷雾绝缘中排放的PCB同系物解释了许多房间中空气中PCB同系物的浓度。我们的排放样本确定了三种不同类型的建筑材料，其排放量超过30,000 ng m-2 d-1，包括伸缩缝密封胶（高达480,000 ng m-2 d-1），玻璃块窗户（高达30,000 ng m-2 d-1）和钢柱防火涂层（高达830,000 ng m-2 d-1）。因此，学校工作人员对二恶英样多氯联苯和非二恶英样多氯联苯的过量终生癌症风险估计为：集中倾向暴露在1.3 × 10-8至1.7 × 10-4之间，合理最大暴露在2.8 × 10-8至3.8 × 10-4之间（佛蒙特州的目标癌症风险= 1 × 10-6）。虽然生产已经被禁止了几十年，但我们的研究表明，由于多氯联苯在建筑材料中的长期使用，它继续对居住者构成暴露风险。我们的研究结果强调了与含多氯联苯建筑材料的历史存在相关的风险，为旨在减少全国数千所学校的儿童和学校员工接触多氯联苯的社区努力提供了重要见解。
{"title":"Widespread Emissions of Polychlorinated Biphenyls from Building Materials in Vermont Schools","authors":"Jason B. X. Hua, Rachel F. Marek, Michael P. Jones, Trevor D. Erb, Sarah C. Owen, Keri C. Hornbuckle","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c10939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c10939","url":null,"abstract":"In collaboration with Vermont state and school officials, we conducted a research study to measure emissions of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from room surfaces in Vermont schools. Our study, the largest of its kind, investigated the sources of airborne PCBs in indoor school environments. Using simultaneous deployment of air samplers and emission samplers, we measured airborne PCBs in 16 schools and 98 school rooms constructed prior to 1980. There was a wide range in PCB air concentrations (1.7–5700 ng m<sup>–3</sup>, <i>n</i> = 159) and surface emissions (33–830,000 ng m<sup>–2</sup> d<sup>–1</sup>, <i>n</i> = 182) across different schools as well as between rooms in the same school. We found that emissions of PCB congeners from walls, floors, ceiling and wall expansion joint caulking, and spray insulation explain the airborne PCB congener concentrations in many rooms. Our emission samplers identified three distinct types of building materials with emissions exceeding 30,000 ng m<sup>–2</sup> d<sup>–1</sup> including expansion joint sealant (up to 480,000 ng m<sup>–2</sup> d<sup>–1</sup>), glass block windows (up to 30,000 ng m<sup>–2</sup> d<sup>–1</sup>), and fireproof coating on steel columns (up to 830,000 ng m<sup>–2</sup> d<sup>–1</sup>). Consequently, school staff have an estimated excess lifetime cancer risk from both dioxin-like and nondioxin-like PCBs that ranges from 1.3 × 10<sup>–8</sup> to 1.7 × 10<sup>–4</sup> for central tendency exposure, and 2.8 × 10<sup>–8</sup> to 3.8 × 10<sup>–4</sup> for reasonable maximum exposure (State of Vermont’s target cancer risk = 1 × 10<sup>–6</sup>). Although production has been banned for decades, our study illustrates that PCBs continue to pose an exposure risk to occupants due to their long history of use in building materials. Our findings underscore the risks associated with the historic presence of PCB-containing building materials, offering critical insights for community efforts aimed at reducing exposure among children and school staff in thousands of schools across the country.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are commonly used in disinfecting and personal care products for their antimicrobial, surfactant, and preservative properties. This study provides the first comprehensive assessment of QACs in assisted living facilities through the analysis of 19 QACs from three different QAC subgroups in indoor dust and air samples collected from three assisted living facilities in Indiana, United States (US), as well as in wristbands worn by the residents and staff of these facilities. The medians of the total QAC concentrations (∑QAC, the sum of 19 QAC concentrations) were 151,000 ng/g in dust, 3.17 ng/m3 in air, and 2,290 ng/g in wristbands. Benzylalkyldimethylammonium compounds (BACs) were the most abundant QAC group in all three matrices and contributed 58–87% to the ∑QAC concentrations. The QAC distribution patterns found in dust, air, and wristbands were similar to those reported for disinfecting products, suggesting these products could be an important indoor source in assisted living. QAC concentrations in wristbands worn by staff during their work shift were significantly higher than those in wristbands worn by residents (p < 0.05). In addition, the levels found in dust from assisted living were several times higher than those previously reported in US residential households. Concentrations of C12-, C14-, and C16-BACs in dust, air, and wristbands significantly and positively correlated, suggesting common sources in the indoor environment. Estimated daily intake (EDI) of QACs suggests that accidental dust ingestion is the predominant exposure route, accounting for approximately 62% of the total QAC intake. The elevated QAC concentrations in assisted living facilities are of concern for the residents and staff of these facilities because of the potential health risks associated with exposure to these chemicals, such as respiratory effects.
{"title":"Exposure to Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs) in Assisted Living Facilities: Implications for Older Adults","authors":"Minghao Kong, Tret Burdette, Raghu Sanath Kumar, Claire Dempsey, Parinya Panuwet, Amina Salamova","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c05821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c05821","url":null,"abstract":"Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are commonly used in disinfecting and personal care products for their antimicrobial, surfactant, and preservative properties. This study provides the first comprehensive assessment of QACs in assisted living facilities through the analysis of 19 QACs from three different QAC subgroups in indoor dust and air samples collected from three assisted living facilities in Indiana, United States (US), as well as in wristbands worn by the residents and staff of these facilities. The medians of the total QAC concentrations (∑QAC, the sum of 19 QAC concentrations) were 151,000 ng/g in dust, 3.17 ng/m<sup>3</sup> in air, and 2,290 ng/g in wristbands. Benzylalkyldimethylammonium compounds (BACs) were the most abundant QAC group in all three matrices and contributed 58–87% to the ∑QAC concentrations. The QAC distribution patterns found in dust, air, and wristbands were similar to those reported for disinfecting products, suggesting these products could be an important indoor source in assisted living. QAC concentrations in wristbands worn by staff during their work shift were significantly higher than those in wristbands worn by residents (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In addition, the levels found in dust from assisted living were several times higher than those previously reported in US residential households. Concentrations of C12-, C14-, and C16-BACs in dust, air, and wristbands significantly and positively correlated, suggesting common sources in the indoor environment. Estimated daily intake (EDI) of QACs suggests that accidental dust ingestion is the predominant exposure route, accounting for approximately 62% of the total QAC intake. The elevated QAC concentrations in assisted living facilities are of concern for the residents and staff of these facilities because of the potential health risks associated with exposure to these chemicals, such as respiratory effects.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xingyu Wang,Xiao-Li Liu,Yixuan Wang,Meng-Jie Luo,Meng Liu,Dong-Feng Liu,Zhixiang She,Yang Mu
The growing concern about water pollution has intensified the demand for rapid and sensitive pollutant monitoring. Electroactive biosensors (e-biosensors) hold significant potential in detecting toxic pollutants through bioelectrical signal responses but are constrained by inefficient electron and mass transport within conventional biofilm-based architectures. Here, we address both limitations by developing a 3D-engineered e-biosensor with a synergistically optimized material composition and geometric architecture. A novel electroactive living material was fabricated by incorporating Ca2+-doped PEDOT:PSS to enhance microbial extracellular electron transport. The living material was then engineered into a grid-structure e-biosensor by extrusion-based 3D bioprinting, significantly improving analyte mass transport to the sensing cells. This dual optimization resulted in the 3D-engineered e-biosensor exhibiting a 6.3-fold increase in baseline current, a 1.9-fold improvement in signal-to-noise ratio, and an extended operational stability (>140 h) relative to conventional biofilm-based counterparts. Moreover, the 3D-engineered e-biosensors demonstrated a rapid response (<20 min) to various toxic pollutants, including Cr(VI) and nitrobenzene. Additionally, we constructed a portable device integrating the 3D-engineered e-biosensors and successfully validated its effectiveness and reproducibility for pollution monitoring in real waters. This work establishes a new paradigm for e-biosensor engineering by integrating materials science and digital biomanufacturing, offering an innovative solution for water pollution monitoring.
{"title":"3D-Engineered Electroactive Biosensors for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Environmental Contaminants","authors":"Xingyu Wang,Xiao-Li Liu,Yixuan Wang,Meng-Jie Luo,Meng Liu,Dong-Feng Liu,Zhixiang She,Yang Mu","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c15345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c15345","url":null,"abstract":"The growing concern about water pollution has intensified the demand for rapid and sensitive pollutant monitoring. Electroactive biosensors (e-biosensors) hold significant potential in detecting toxic pollutants through bioelectrical signal responses but are constrained by inefficient electron and mass transport within conventional biofilm-based architectures. Here, we address both limitations by developing a 3D-engineered e-biosensor with a synergistically optimized material composition and geometric architecture. A novel electroactive living material was fabricated by incorporating Ca2+-doped PEDOT:PSS to enhance microbial extracellular electron transport. The living material was then engineered into a grid-structure e-biosensor by extrusion-based 3D bioprinting, significantly improving analyte mass transport to the sensing cells. This dual optimization resulted in the 3D-engineered e-biosensor exhibiting a 6.3-fold increase in baseline current, a 1.9-fold improvement in signal-to-noise ratio, and an extended operational stability (>140 h) relative to conventional biofilm-based counterparts. Moreover, the 3D-engineered e-biosensors demonstrated a rapid response (<20 min) to various toxic pollutants, including Cr(VI) and nitrobenzene. Additionally, we constructed a portable device integrating the 3D-engineered e-biosensors and successfully validated its effectiveness and reproducibility for pollution monitoring in real waters. This work establishes a new paradigm for e-biosensor engineering by integrating materials science and digital biomanufacturing, offering an innovative solution for water pollution monitoring.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146111180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuntao Wu, Josep Peñuelas, Jalaid Naersige, Jie Luo, Heng Ge, Xingming Zhang, Pengfei Chang, Ping Li, Lingli Liu
Intensified aridity beyond a critical threshold could disrupt vegetation, microbial, and soil processes, reshaping the mechanisms controlling soil carbon (C) storage in drylands. However, the aridity threshold at which the transition occurs and how the controls over different soil C fractions shift remain unclear. Here, we conducted a 2400 km transect survey across 45 sites spanning a broad aridity gradient in temperate grasslands of China. We identified a pronounced shift in the dominant drivers of soil C storage at an aridity threshold of 0.749. Below this threshold, complex vegetation structures enhanced soil C by promoting microbial activity and mineral abundance, which stimulated the accumulation of both POM and MAOM, with a stronger effect on POM. Above the threshold, fine roots dominated soil biochemical processes, sustaining microbial activity and mineral formation that indirectly stabilized SOC, particularly via MAOM. Across the entire aridity gradient, vegetation structure mediated surface soil susceptibility to wind erosion with complex structures providing effective protection, while simpler structures offered limited buffering. These findings highlight the dual role of vegetation-mediated C input and wind erosion protection in sustaining soil stocks in drylands, underscoring the need to account for canopy and root structure when species are selected for dryland restoration.
{"title":"Vegetation-Mediated Carbon Inputs and Erosion Protection Shape Soil Carbon Dynamics across Aridity Thresholds","authors":"Yuntao Wu, Josep Peñuelas, Jalaid Naersige, Jie Luo, Heng Ge, Xingming Zhang, Pengfei Chang, Ping Li, Lingli Liu","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c07643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c07643","url":null,"abstract":"Intensified aridity beyond a critical threshold could disrupt vegetation, microbial, and soil processes, reshaping the mechanisms controlling soil carbon (C) storage in drylands. However, the aridity threshold at which the transition occurs and how the controls over different soil C fractions shift remain unclear. Here, we conducted a 2400 km transect survey across 45 sites spanning a broad aridity gradient in temperate grasslands of China. We identified a pronounced shift in the dominant drivers of soil C storage at an aridity threshold of 0.749. Below this threshold, complex vegetation structures enhanced soil C by promoting microbial activity and mineral abundance, which stimulated the accumulation of both POM and MAOM, with a stronger effect on POM. Above the threshold, fine roots dominated soil biochemical processes, sustaining microbial activity and mineral formation that indirectly stabilized SOC, particularly via MAOM. Across the entire aridity gradient, vegetation structure mediated surface soil susceptibility to wind erosion with complex structures providing effective protection, while simpler structures offered limited buffering. These findings highlight the dual role of vegetation-mediated C input and wind erosion protection in sustaining soil stocks in drylands, underscoring the need to account for canopy and root structure when species are selected for dryland restoration.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Tibetan Plateau (TP), a critical sentinel for tracking long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) of anthropogenic pollutants, provides indispensable archives for evaluating historical pollutant dynamics in pristine ecosystems. This study investigated temporal variations of 26 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in four alpine lake sediment cores across the TP spanning 1952–2020. Total PFAS concentrations ranged from 43.7 to 1428 pg g–1 of dw. Linear regression of log-transformed PFAS concentration revealed a significant elevation-dependent trend across the studied lakes (R2 = 0.58, p < 0.01) after excluding the lower-altitude, more human-impacted Qinghai Lake (3190 m), supporting mountain cold-trapping of these pollutants in high-altitude environments. Ranwu Lake demonstrated a unique PFAS profile dominated by perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), which contributed 48% of total PFASs on average, reflecting the predominant influence of glacier meltwater input pathways. The deposition flux exhibited an overall increasing trend, with fluctuations between 7.62 and 258 pg cm–2 a–1 during the studied period. Following a phase of relative stability or slight decline in the 1980s–1990s, all lakes showed a pronounced and sustained rise after 2000. Notably, the doubling time of short-chain PFBA (C4) flux in these lakes was estimated to be 7.4–15.6 years since the post-2000 period. Compositional analysis revealed a global shift from long-chain to short-chain PFASs in TP lake sediments, as reflected by declining PFOS (C8) and rapidly increasing levels of PFBA. The sedimentary record reveals temporal PFAS trends that closely track the historical evolution of global and regional PFAS emissions. Our findings provide crucial insights into the long-term trends of PFAS pollution in high-altitude ecosystems, contributing to global PFAS management efforts by assessing the effectiveness of regulations and the environmental impacts of industrial relocations.
{"title":"Temporal Trends of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Tibetan Plateau Sediment Cores (1952–2020): Tracking Global Emission History and Industrial Transformation in PFAS Production","authors":"Tengfei Cui, Yu Chen, Qianchen Fu, Xinyi Chen, Wei Luo, Yiyao Pan, Yifan Chen, Yali Shi, Ruiqiang Yang, Qinghua Zhang, Guibin Jiang","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c11161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c11161","url":null,"abstract":"The Tibetan Plateau (TP), a critical sentinel for tracking long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) of anthropogenic pollutants, provides indispensable archives for evaluating historical pollutant dynamics in pristine ecosystems. This study investigated temporal variations of 26 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in four alpine lake sediment cores across the TP spanning 1952–2020. Total PFAS concentrations ranged from 43.7 to 1428 pg g<sup>–1</sup> of dw. Linear regression of log-transformed PFAS concentration revealed a significant elevation-dependent trend across the studied lakes (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.58, <i>p</i> < 0.01) after excluding the lower-altitude, more human-impacted Qinghai Lake (3190 m), supporting mountain cold-trapping of these pollutants in high-altitude environments. Ranwu Lake demonstrated a unique PFAS profile dominated by perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), which contributed 48% of total PFASs on average, reflecting the predominant influence of glacier meltwater input pathways. The deposition flux exhibited an overall increasing trend, with fluctuations between 7.62 and 258 pg cm<sup>–2</sup> a<sup>–1</sup> during the studied period. Following a phase of relative stability or slight decline in the 1980s–1990s, all lakes showed a pronounced and sustained rise after 2000. Notably, the doubling time of short-chain PFBA (C<sub>4</sub>) flux in these lakes was estimated to be 7.4–15.6 years since the post-2000 period. Compositional analysis revealed a global shift from long-chain to short-chain PFASs in TP lake sediments, as reflected by declining PFOS (C<sub>8</sub>) and rapidly increasing levels of PFBA. The sedimentary record reveals temporal PFAS trends that closely track the historical evolution of global and regional PFAS emissions. Our findings provide crucial insights into the long-term trends of PFAS pollution in high-altitude ecosystems, contributing to global PFAS management efforts by assessing the effectiveness of regulations and the environmental impacts of industrial relocations.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146102007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kasuni H. H. Gamage,Ganga M. Hettiarachchi,Evan Heronemus,Prathap Parameswaran
The increasing demand for phosphorus (P) sources and concerns about surface water quality raise the need to explore safe and efficient secondary P fertilizer sources. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a Ca-based recovered nutrient product (RNP) from synthetic swine wastewater using an innovative anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) technology. This study aimed to characterize and compare the dissolution, transformations, and potential bioavailability of P in RNP with conventional P fertilizers (monoammonium phosphate; MAP, triple superphosphate; TSP) in selected soils over time by using short-term laboratory incubation studies in Petri dishes. Soil samples sectioned from the point of application were assessed for pH, total P, resin-extractable P, and selected samples by using X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy. The RNP treatment showed that over 90%, 70%, and 80% of added P remained in the center section in calcareous, neutral, and acid soils, respectively, where the potential plant-available P was greater than the control in all soils and similar to the MAP treatment only in acid soil after 5 weeks of incubation. The hydroxyapatite-like species dominated P speciation in both RNP and RNP-added soils, leading to less solubility. These results underscore the potential of Ca-based RNP as a P source for tested soils, and process modifications could yield a series of viable secondary P sources for agriculture.
{"title":"Recovered Calcium-Based Phosphorus Products from Synthetic Swine Wastewater: Fate and Behavior in Soils","authors":"Kasuni H. H. Gamage,Ganga M. Hettiarachchi,Evan Heronemus,Prathap Parameswaran","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c05565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c05565","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing demand for phosphorus (P) sources and concerns about surface water quality raise the need to explore safe and efficient secondary P fertilizer sources. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a Ca-based recovered nutrient product (RNP) from synthetic swine wastewater using an innovative anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) technology. This study aimed to characterize and compare the dissolution, transformations, and potential bioavailability of P in RNP with conventional P fertilizers (monoammonium phosphate; MAP, triple superphosphate; TSP) in selected soils over time by using short-term laboratory incubation studies in Petri dishes. Soil samples sectioned from the point of application were assessed for pH, total P, resin-extractable P, and selected samples by using X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy. The RNP treatment showed that over 90%, 70%, and 80% of added P remained in the center section in calcareous, neutral, and acid soils, respectively, where the potential plant-available P was greater than the control in all soils and similar to the MAP treatment only in acid soil after 5 weeks of incubation. The hydroxyapatite-like species dominated P speciation in both RNP and RNP-added soils, leading to less solubility. These results underscore the potential of Ca-based RNP as a P source for tested soils, and process modifications could yield a series of viable secondary P sources for agriculture.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146098139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To assess associations between multiple environmental factors and depressive symptoms (DS) among children and adolescents, we conducted a school-based longitudinal study among 1,418 Chinese students aged 9–14 years, with baseline and follow-up surveys conducted from 2022 to 2023. Twenty outdoor environmental exposures from three domains, air pollutants, meteorological conditions, and geographical features were assessed. DS was measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. An exposome-wide association study was used to explore associations and identify important environmental exposures related to DS, followed by eXtreme Gradient Boosting to rank their relative importance. Composite scores for three environmental domains were constructed to assess their joint impacts on DS. Exposure to PM2.5, PM10, temperature, wind speed, artificial light at night, and building density were significantly associated with increased odds of DS, while higher relative humidity, and higher greenness indicators (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index [NDVI], forest-shrub-grass coverage, and cropland coverage) were inversely associated. Among all exposures, building density showed the greatest contribution in the model ranking. Considering the joint impacts, unfavorable environmental profiles across all three domains were significantly associated with higher odds of DS, particularly among children with abnormal weight or higher metabolic risk. Importantly, population attributable fraction analysis indicates that improving environmental profiles could theoretically reduce 14.22–29.41% of DS cases, with geographical factors showing the largest theoretical contribution. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating environmental considerations into mental health strategies and support urban design and air quality improvements as tailored interventions for vulnerable populations to reduce the burden of DS.
{"title":"Impact of Outdoor Environmental Exposome on Depressive Symptoms Among Children Aged 9–14 in China","authors":"Yaqi Wang,Di Shi,Jiajia Dang,Jieyu Liu,Yunfei Liu,Ziyue Chen,Jianhui Guo,Xinyao Lian,Yihang Zhang,Xinxin Wang,Jieyun Song,Yanhui Dong,Jing Li,Yi Song","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c10618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c10618","url":null,"abstract":"To assess associations between multiple environmental factors and depressive symptoms (DS) among children and adolescents, we conducted a school-based longitudinal study among 1,418 Chinese students aged 9–14 years, with baseline and follow-up surveys conducted from 2022 to 2023. Twenty outdoor environmental exposures from three domains, air pollutants, meteorological conditions, and geographical features were assessed. DS was measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. An exposome-wide association study was used to explore associations and identify important environmental exposures related to DS, followed by eXtreme Gradient Boosting to rank their relative importance. Composite scores for three environmental domains were constructed to assess their joint impacts on DS. Exposure to PM2.5, PM10, temperature, wind speed, artificial light at night, and building density were significantly associated with increased odds of DS, while higher relative humidity, and higher greenness indicators (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index [NDVI], forest-shrub-grass coverage, and cropland coverage) were inversely associated. Among all exposures, building density showed the greatest contribution in the model ranking. Considering the joint impacts, unfavorable environmental profiles across all three domains were significantly associated with higher odds of DS, particularly among children with abnormal weight or higher metabolic risk. Importantly, population attributable fraction analysis indicates that improving environmental profiles could theoretically reduce 14.22–29.41% of DS cases, with geographical factors showing the largest theoretical contribution. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating environmental considerations into mental health strategies and support urban design and air quality improvements as tailored interventions for vulnerable populations to reduce the burden of DS.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146098137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Photocatalytic degradation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using visible light has been widely investigated, but its practical implementation remains constrained by several limiting factors. Here, we prepared carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin (CMCD)-anchored WO3 that enabled visible-light-driven mineralization of acetaldehyde even under O2-free conditions. Anchoring CMCD on WO3 facilitated interfacial charge separation, enhancing the photocatalytic performance. Spectroscopic and electrochemical analyses revealed that loading CMCD on WO3 induced the formation of a charge-transfer complex via C-O-W bonding and extended the charge carrier lifetime by trapping electrons in CMCD. CMCD/WO3 sustained •OH generation under visible light (λ > 420 nm) and fully mineralized acetaldehyde even in the absence of O2. It also produced dioxygen from water oxidation in O2-free conditions, supplying O2 needed to fully mineralize VOCs to CO2, and it enabled an unconventional three-electron reduction of O2 to •OH. CMCD/WO3 exhibited a visible light degradation efficiency comparable to that of Pt-loaded WO3. In particular, CMCD/WO3 exhibited a higher carbon mass balance for acetaldehyde degradation than Pt/WO3, and this value remained nearly unchanged under both oxygen-rich and oxygen-free conditions. CMCD/WO3 also demonstrated long-term stability across repeated photocatalytic cycles with no decomposition of the CMCD structure. These findings highlight a supramolecular design strategy for developing an unconventional visible-light-active photocatalyst for indoor air purification, especially in enclosed or oxygen-depleted environments where conventional photocatalysts fail to operate.
{"title":"Oxygen-Independent Mineralization of Acetaldehyde by a Cyclodextrin-Anchored WO<sub>3</sub> Photocatalyst under Visible Light.","authors":"Woojung Jeon, Seunghyun Weon, Ye He, Wonyong Choi","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c14689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c14689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photocatalytic degradation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using visible light has been widely investigated, but its practical implementation remains constrained by several limiting factors. Here, we prepared carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin (CMCD)-anchored WO<sub>3</sub> that enabled visible-light-driven mineralization of acetaldehyde even under O<sub>2</sub>-free conditions. Anchoring CMCD on WO<sub>3</sub> facilitated interfacial charge separation, enhancing the photocatalytic performance. Spectroscopic and electrochemical analyses revealed that loading CMCD on WO<sub>3</sub> induced the formation of a charge-transfer complex via C-O-W bonding and extended the charge carrier lifetime by trapping electrons in CMCD. CMCD/WO<sub>3</sub> sustained <sup>•</sup>OH generation under visible light (λ > 420 nm) and fully mineralized acetaldehyde even in the absence of O<sub>2</sub>. It also produced dioxygen from water oxidation in O<sub>2</sub>-free conditions, supplying O<sub>2</sub> needed to fully mineralize VOCs to CO<sub>2</sub>, and it enabled an unconventional three-electron reduction of O<sub>2</sub> to <sup>•</sup>OH. CMCD/WO<sub>3</sub> exhibited a visible light degradation efficiency comparable to that of Pt-loaded WO<sub>3</sub>. In particular, CMCD/WO<sub>3</sub> exhibited a higher carbon mass balance for acetaldehyde degradation than Pt/WO<sub>3</sub>, and this value remained nearly unchanged under both oxygen-rich and oxygen-free conditions. CMCD/WO<sub>3</sub> also demonstrated long-term stability across repeated photocatalytic cycles with no decomposition of the CMCD structure. These findings highlight a supramolecular design strategy for developing an unconventional visible-light-active photocatalyst for indoor air purification, especially in enclosed or oxygen-depleted environments where conventional photocatalysts fail to operate.</p>","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146103107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiong Luo,Yan Lan,Ming Gao,Mingzhu Xu,Shuhao Liu,Shixue Zheng,Mingshun Li
Microbial oxidation of environmental antimonite (Sb(III)) to antimonate (Sb(V)) is a key antimony (Sb) detoxification mechanism. Comamonas testosteroni JL40 oxidizes Sb(III) to Sb(V) under oxic conditions via an uncharacterized mechanism. A redox-related enzyme identified via differential proteomics was designated AntO. The antO transcription was significantly upregulated upon addition of Sb(III). AntO is predicted to be a catalase-like heme-binding peroxidase, similar to the uncharacterized SrpA. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that AntO represents a novel Sb(III) oxidase or catalase. In E. coli AW3110(Δars), AntO confers Sb(III) resistance and oxidation activity and is induced by Sb(III) and H2O2. Further analysis confirms that antO mediates Sb(III) oxidation and H2O2 decomposition in JL40. Purified AntO catalyzes Sb(III) oxidation (with NADP+ as an electron acceptor) and H2O2 decomposition in vitro. Molecular docking shows that these reactions occur in distinct AntO structural domains. In summary, AntO has dual roles: Sb(III) oxidation for detoxification and H2O2 decomposition. This study identifies AntO as a novel environmental Sb(III) oxidase that facilitates Sb(III) detoxification, alleviates Sb(III)-induced oxidative stress, and advances understanding of microbial contributions to antimony biogeochemical cycling.
{"title":"Novel Bifunctional Enzyme AntO Catalyzes Antimonite Oxidation and H2O2 Decomposition in Environmental Antimony Detoxification","authors":"Xiong Luo,Yan Lan,Ming Gao,Mingzhu Xu,Shuhao Liu,Shixue Zheng,Mingshun Li","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c12342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c12342","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial oxidation of environmental antimonite (Sb(III)) to antimonate (Sb(V)) is a key antimony (Sb) detoxification mechanism. Comamonas testosteroni JL40 oxidizes Sb(III) to Sb(V) under oxic conditions via an uncharacterized mechanism. A redox-related enzyme identified via differential proteomics was designated AntO. The antO transcription was significantly upregulated upon addition of Sb(III). AntO is predicted to be a catalase-like heme-binding peroxidase, similar to the uncharacterized SrpA. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that AntO represents a novel Sb(III) oxidase or catalase. In E. coli AW3110(Δars), AntO confers Sb(III) resistance and oxidation activity and is induced by Sb(III) and H2O2. Further analysis confirms that antO mediates Sb(III) oxidation and H2O2 decomposition in JL40. Purified AntO catalyzes Sb(III) oxidation (with NADP+ as an electron acceptor) and H2O2 decomposition in vitro. Molecular docking shows that these reactions occur in distinct AntO structural domains. In summary, AntO has dual roles: Sb(III) oxidation for detoxification and H2O2 decomposition. This study identifies AntO as a novel environmental Sb(III) oxidase that facilitates Sb(III) detoxification, alleviates Sb(III)-induced oxidative stress, and advances understanding of microbial contributions to antimony biogeochemical cycling.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146098134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The widespread application and unavoidable atmospheric release of transitional metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) pose significant inhalation-related health risks. During respiration, atmospheric aging of nanoparticles occurs first; nonetheless, the hazard of air-aged TMDCs and the effect of postbiotransformation in the microenvironment following inhalation remain unclear. By mimicking atmospheric conditions and respiratory media, we discovered that air-aged molybdenum disulfide (A-MoS2) and tungsten disulfide (A-WS2) underwent biotransformation in artificial nasal fluids and Gamble’s solution, increasing the hydrophobicity and roughness of the nanosheets. The oxidized products (31.7% in A-MoS2 and 44.5% in A-WS2) were partially converted to sulfidation-state species via thiol-mediated reduction. Both biotransformed and air-aged TMDCs were localized to macrophage lysosomes at approximate concentrations, whereas the lysosomal membrane damage and ferrous ion (Fe2+) release were more significant for biotransformed forms. Transcriptome and lipidomics analyses indicated that ferroprotein degradation and ferroportin1 inhibition also facilitated Fe2+ overload, along with glutathione peroxidase 4 inhibition, lipid acylation, and phospholipid biosynthesis activation, worsening lipid peroxidation (154.3–225.6%). Shapley Additive Explanations substantiated the reduction of oxidized species, 1T-phase stabilization, and increased hydrophobicity as major contributors to ferroptosis aggravation of biotransformed TMDCs. Our findings highlight the necessity of incorporating biotransformation into risk assessment, rather than merely relying on the versions of nanomaterials following environmental processes as the testing endpoints.
{"title":"Biotransformation of Atmospheric-Aged Metal-Sulfide Nanosheets in Respiratory Tract Fluids Potentiates Ferroptosis toward Alveolar Macrophages","authors":"Wei Zou,Yishuang Chang,Jiahui Wang,Xingli Zhang,Caixia Jin,Jiawei Wang,Guoqing Zhang,Shaohu Ouyang,Zhiguo Cao,Qixing Zhou","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c13859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c13859","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread application and unavoidable atmospheric release of transitional metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) pose significant inhalation-related health risks. During respiration, atmospheric aging of nanoparticles occurs first; nonetheless, the hazard of air-aged TMDCs and the effect of postbiotransformation in the microenvironment following inhalation remain unclear. By mimicking atmospheric conditions and respiratory media, we discovered that air-aged molybdenum disulfide (A-MoS2) and tungsten disulfide (A-WS2) underwent biotransformation in artificial nasal fluids and Gamble’s solution, increasing the hydrophobicity and roughness of the nanosheets. The oxidized products (31.7% in A-MoS2 and 44.5% in A-WS2) were partially converted to sulfidation-state species via thiol-mediated reduction. Both biotransformed and air-aged TMDCs were localized to macrophage lysosomes at approximate concentrations, whereas the lysosomal membrane damage and ferrous ion (Fe2+) release were more significant for biotransformed forms. Transcriptome and lipidomics analyses indicated that ferroprotein degradation and ferroportin1 inhibition also facilitated Fe2+ overload, along with glutathione peroxidase 4 inhibition, lipid acylation, and phospholipid biosynthesis activation, worsening lipid peroxidation (154.3–225.6%). Shapley Additive Explanations substantiated the reduction of oxidized species, 1T-phase stabilization, and increased hydrophobicity as major contributors to ferroptosis aggravation of biotransformed TMDCs. Our findings highlight the necessity of incorporating biotransformation into risk assessment, rather than merely relying on the versions of nanomaterials following environmental processes as the testing endpoints.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"184 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146098132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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