Alicia Macan Schönleben, Fatima den Ouden, Shanshan Yin, Erik Fransen, Stijn Bosschaerts, Mirjana Andjelkovic, Nayyer Rehman, Alexander L. N. van Nuijs, Adrian Covaci, Giulia Poma
With plant-based (PB) diets gaining popularity, ultraprocessed novel plant-based foods (NPBFs) are an increasingly available alternative to animal-based foods (ABFs). The degree of industrial food processing has been associated with higher organophosphorus flame retardant (PFR) and plasticizer contamination. Here, the occurrence of these contaminants in NPBFs was investigated by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Our findings show differences in contamination levels and patterns between PB food categories, with PB cheese-alternatives showing the highest levels of both total PFRs (mean: 123 ng/g ww) and total plasticizers (mean: 1155 ng/g ww). The results further point to food contact material and industrial processing as possible contamination sources. Compared with previous studies of ABFs, NPBFs generally showed higher contamination levels, leading to a higher dietary exposure in a vegan diet scenario. While the adult population is not at immediate risk following NPBF consumption, based on these results, a direct replacement of all ABFs with NPBFs is not recommended. Additionally, it is suggested that different PB food categories be included in future food studies monitoring dietary exposure.
{"title":"Organophosphorus Flame Retardant, Phthalate, and Alternative Plasticizer Contamination in Novel Plant-Based Food: A Food Safety Investigation","authors":"Alicia Macan Schönleben, Fatima den Ouden, Shanshan Yin, Erik Fransen, Stijn Bosschaerts, Mirjana Andjelkovic, Nayyer Rehman, Alexander L. N. van Nuijs, Adrian Covaci, Giulia Poma","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.4c11805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c11805","url":null,"abstract":"With plant-based (PB) diets gaining popularity, ultraprocessed novel plant-based foods (NPBFs) are an increasingly available alternative to animal-based foods (ABFs). The degree of industrial food processing has been associated with higher organophosphorus flame retardant (PFR) and plasticizer contamination. Here, the occurrence of these contaminants in NPBFs was investigated by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Our findings show differences in contamination levels and patterns between PB food categories, with PB cheese-alternatives showing the highest levels of both total PFRs (mean: 123 ng/g ww) and total plasticizers (mean: 1155 ng/g ww). The results further point to food contact material and industrial processing as possible contamination sources. Compared with previous studies of ABFs, NPBFs generally showed higher contamination levels, leading to a higher dietary exposure in a vegan diet scenario. While the adult population is not at immediate risk following NPBF consumption, based on these results, a direct replacement of all ABFs with NPBFs is not recommended. Additionally, it is suggested that different PB food categories be included in future food studies monitoring dietary exposure.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bharathan Balaji, Fahimeh Ebrahimi, Nina Gabrielle G Domingo, Venkata Sai Gargeya Vunnava, Abu-Zaher Faridee, Soma Ramalingam, Shikha Gupta, Anran Wang, Harsh Gupta, Domenic Belcastro, Kellen Axten, Jeremie Hakian, Jared Kramer, Aravind Srinivasan, Qingshi Tu
Accurately quantifying greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is crucial for organizations to measure and mitigate their environmental impact. Life cycle assessment (LCA) estimates the environmental impacts throughout a product’s entire lifecycle, from raw material extraction to end-of-life. Measuring the emissions outside a product owner’s control is challenging, and practitioners rely on emission factors (EFs)─estimations of GHG emissions per unit of activity─to model and estimate indirect impacts. However, the current practice of manually selecting appropriate EFs from databases is time-consuming and error-prone and requires expertise. We present an AI-assisted method leveraging natural language processing and machine learning to automatically recommend EFs with human-interpretable justifications. Our algorithm can assist experts by providing a ranked list of EFs or operating in a fully automated manner, where the top recommendation is selected as final. Benchmarks across multiple real-world data sets show our method recommends the correct EF with an average precision of 86.9% in the fully automated case and shows the correct EF in the top 10 recommendations with an average precision of 93.1%. By streamlining EF selection, our approach enables scalable and accurate quantification of GHG emissions, supporting organizations’ sustainability initiatives and progress toward net-zero emissions targets across industries.
{"title":"Emission Factor Recommendation for Life Cycle Assessments with Generative AI","authors":"Bharathan Balaji, Fahimeh Ebrahimi, Nina Gabrielle G Domingo, Venkata Sai Gargeya Vunnava, Abu-Zaher Faridee, Soma Ramalingam, Shikha Gupta, Anran Wang, Harsh Gupta, Domenic Belcastro, Kellen Axten, Jeremie Hakian, Jared Kramer, Aravind Srinivasan, Qingshi Tu","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.4c12667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c12667","url":null,"abstract":"Accurately quantifying greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is crucial for organizations to measure and mitigate their environmental impact. Life cycle assessment (LCA) estimates the environmental impacts throughout a product’s entire lifecycle, from raw material extraction to end-of-life. Measuring the emissions outside a product owner’s control is challenging, and practitioners rely on emission factors (EFs)─estimations of GHG emissions per unit of activity─to model and estimate indirect impacts. However, the current practice of manually selecting appropriate EFs from databases is time-consuming and error-prone and requires expertise. We present an AI-assisted method leveraging natural language processing and machine learning to automatically recommend EFs with human-interpretable justifications. Our algorithm can assist experts by providing a ranked list of EFs or operating in a fully automated manner, where the top recommendation is selected as final. Benchmarks across multiple real-world data sets show our method recommends the correct EF with an average precision of 86.9% in the fully automated case and shows the correct EF in the top 10 recommendations with an average precision of 93.1%. By streamlining EF selection, our approach enables scalable and accurate quantification of GHG emissions, supporting organizations’ sustainability initiatives and progress toward net-zero emissions targets across industries.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gabriel Bluteau, Dominic E. Ponton, Maikel Rosabal, Marc Amyot
Growing reliance on platinum group elements (PGEs) as critical minerals for emerging technologies raises concerns regarding their ecotoxicological behavior. We studied their environmental fate in various inorganic and biological matrices from Canada using ICP-MS/MS analysis. Our findings confirmed previously published rhodium, palladium, and platinum concentration gradients from road dust to sediments, soils, and water, but differed from the literature reporting high biological contamination, which was not observed in our study. We also conducted experiments using a predator–prey model by exposing Chaoborus americanus to PGE mixtures for 24 h and to contaminated prey (Daphnia magna) for 8 days, followed by a 3-day excretion period. We estimated water uptake rate constants (kuw = 1.6–3.5 mL g–1 d–1), assimilation efficiencies (AEs = 0.024–32.2%), and efflux rate constants (ke = 0.51–0.69 d–1) for four PGEs. Overall, Chaoborus showed poor bioaccumulation and low trophic transfer of the PGEs, which were rapidly excreted. Experimental results supported low detection of PGEs in wild organisms, underscoring the need for caution when interpreting studies reporting high PGE levels in biological matrices. Nonetheless, this study improves our understanding of the PGEs’ environmental fate, revealing correlations with several quantitative ion character–activity relationships (QICARs) and highlighting chemical bond softness (σParr) as a predictor of biological assimilation and excretion.
{"title":"Biodynamics and Environmental Concentrations of the Platinum Group Elements in Freshwater Systems","authors":"Gabriel Bluteau, Dominic E. Ponton, Maikel Rosabal, Marc Amyot","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.4c08750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c08750","url":null,"abstract":"Growing reliance on platinum group elements (PGEs) as critical minerals for emerging technologies raises concerns regarding their ecotoxicological behavior. We studied their environmental fate in various inorganic and biological matrices from Canada using ICP-MS/MS analysis. Our findings confirmed previously published rhodium, palladium, and platinum concentration gradients from road dust to sediments, soils, and water, but differed from the literature reporting high biological contamination, which was not observed in our study. We also conducted experiments using a predator–prey model by exposing <i>Chaoborus americanus</i> to PGE mixtures for 24 h and to contaminated prey (<i>Daphnia magna</i>) for 8 days, followed by a 3-day excretion period. We estimated water uptake rate constants (<i>k</i><sub><i>uw</i></sub> = 1.6–3.5 mL g<sup>–1</sup> d<sup>–1</sup>), assimilation efficiencies (AEs = 0.024–32.2%), and efflux rate constants (<i>k</i><sub><i>e</i></sub> = 0.51–0.69 d<sup>–1</sup>) for four PGEs. Overall, <i>Chaoborus</i> showed poor bioaccumulation and low trophic transfer of the PGEs, which were rapidly excreted. Experimental results supported low detection of PGEs in wild organisms, underscoring the need for caution when interpreting studies reporting high PGE levels in biological matrices. Nonetheless, this study improves our understanding of the PGEs’ environmental fate, revealing correlations with several quantitative ion character–activity relationships (QICARs) and highlighting chemical bond softness (σ<sub>Parr</sub>) as a predictor of biological assimilation and excretion.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yang Lyu, Tianxu Zhang, Wenjue Zhong, Shujun Yi, Lingyan Zhu
Environmental exposure is one driving factor of chronic kidney disease (CKD), yet the intrinsic molecular mechanisms are largely unexplored. As a persistent chemical, perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) is regulated due to a great potential to induce multiple diseases, including renal fibrosis, a major pathological characteristic of CKD. It is hypothesized that sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzenesulfonate (OBS), a typical alternative to PFOS, may also induce renal fibrosis. We observed distinct renal fibrosis in mice exposed to OBS. Metabolomics analysis showed that Nα-acetyllysine was the primary metabolite biomarker, whose level decreased greatly due to its excessive consumption by lysyloxidase (LOX). This suppressed the miR-140-5p expression, promoting upregulation of fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9), which activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway through fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), thereby enhancing proliferation and activation of fibroblasts. Supplement of Nα-acetyllysine upregulated miR-140-5p expression, reduced expressions of FGF9 and FGFR3, and eventually ameliorated OBS-induced renal fibrosis. Similarly, treatment with miR-140-5p agomir and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway inhibitor LY294002 attenuated OBS-induced renal fibrosis. Taken together, OBS caused renal fibrosis through the LOX–Nα-acetyllysine–miR-140-5p–FGF9–FGFR3–PI3K/Akt–Bad–Bcl-2–fibroblast axis. The results of this study reveal a specific molecular axis for OBS to induce renal fibrosis and call for concerns in supervising the application of OBS.
{"title":"Exposure to Sodium p-Perfluorous Nonenoxybenzenesulfonate Induces Renal Fibrosis in Mice by Disrupting Lysine Metabolism","authors":"Yang Lyu, Tianxu Zhang, Wenjue Zhong, Shujun Yi, Lingyan Zhu","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.4c10724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c10724","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental exposure is one driving factor of chronic kidney disease (CKD), yet the intrinsic molecular mechanisms are largely unexplored. As a persistent chemical, perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) is regulated due to a great potential to induce multiple diseases, including renal fibrosis, a major pathological characteristic of CKD. It is hypothesized that sodium <i>p</i>-perfluorous nonenoxybenzenesulfonate (OBS), a typical alternative to PFOS, may also induce renal fibrosis. We observed distinct renal fibrosis in mice exposed to OBS. Metabolomics analysis showed that Nα-acetyllysine was the primary metabolite biomarker, whose level decreased greatly due to its excessive consumption by lysyloxidase (LOX). This suppressed the miR-140-5p expression, promoting upregulation of <i>fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9)</i>, which activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway through <i>fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3)</i>, thereby enhancing proliferation and activation of fibroblasts. Supplement of Nα-acetyllysine upregulated miR-140-5p expression, reduced expressions of <i>FGF9</i> and <i>FGFR3</i>, and eventually ameliorated OBS-induced renal fibrosis. Similarly, treatment with miR-140-5p agomir and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway inhibitor LY294002 attenuated OBS-induced renal fibrosis. Taken together, OBS caused renal fibrosis through the LOX–Nα-acetyllysine–miR-140-5p–FGF9–FGFR3–PI3K/Akt–Bad–Bcl-2–fibroblast axis. The results of this study reveal a specific molecular axis for OBS to induce renal fibrosis and call for concerns in supervising the application of OBS.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qi Yang, Han Yeong Kaw, Jing Yu, Xuejing Ma, Kun Yang, Lizhong Zhu, Wei Wang
The extensive prescription of fluoroquinolone antibiotics has resulted in their ubiquitous presence in the environment, fueling the ongoing development of antibiotic resistance. Besides antibiotics, fluoroquinolone production intermediates, an overlooked category of pollutants that oftentimes possess the intact fluoroquinolone core structure, may also contribute to this public health crisis. To assess their relative potency and collectively examine the structural effects of fluoroquinolones on resistance development, wild-type Escherichia coli K12 was exposed to ten fluoroquinolone antibiotics and five intermediates at their environmentally relevant concentrations for 30 days. Phenotypic resistance alterations revealed that the absence of the C7 ring system in fluoroquinolones significantly impaired their capacity to induce resistance in E. coli, potentially due to diminished oxidative DNA damage and gyrase-mediated dsDNA breaks. Genetic and transcriptional analyses indicated that a uniform resistance mechanism emerged under both antibiotic and intermediate stress. Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) analysis further emphasized the positive impact of both basic nitrogenous heterocyclic rings at C7 (particularly the hydrogen-bond-donor pharmacophores) and aromatic rings at N1 in promoting resistance development, while highlighting the adverse effects of hydrophobic and hydrogen-bond-donor groups at N1. A robust QSAR model was developed and applied to assess the relative risks of other 105 fluoroquinolones. This study underscored the direct role of fluoroquinolone production intermediates in promoting environmental antibiotic resistance and illustrated how different structural features of fluoroquinolone pollutants will influence this process, offering theoretical insights for future antibiotic design and environmental regulation efforts.
{"title":"Basic Nitrogenous Heterocyclic Rings at the 7-Position of Fluoroquinolones Foster Their Induction of Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli","authors":"Qi Yang, Han Yeong Kaw, Jing Yu, Xuejing Ma, Kun Yang, Lizhong Zhu, Wei Wang","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.4c11346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c11346","url":null,"abstract":"The extensive prescription of fluoroquinolone antibiotics has resulted in their ubiquitous presence in the environment, fueling the ongoing development of antibiotic resistance. Besides antibiotics, fluoroquinolone production intermediates, an overlooked category of pollutants that oftentimes possess the intact fluoroquinolone core structure, may also contribute to this public health crisis. To assess their relative potency and collectively examine the structural effects of fluoroquinolones on resistance development, wild-type <i>Escherichia coli</i> K12 was exposed to ten fluoroquinolone antibiotics and five intermediates at their environmentally relevant concentrations for 30 days. Phenotypic resistance alterations revealed that the absence of the C7 ring system in fluoroquinolones significantly impaired their capacity to induce resistance in <i>E. coli</i>, potentially due to diminished oxidative DNA damage and gyrase-mediated dsDNA breaks. Genetic and transcriptional analyses indicated that a uniform resistance mechanism emerged under both antibiotic and intermediate stress. Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) analysis further emphasized the positive impact of both basic nitrogenous heterocyclic rings at C7 (particularly the hydrogen-bond-donor pharmacophores) and aromatic rings at N1 in promoting resistance development, while highlighting the adverse effects of hydrophobic and hydrogen-bond-donor groups at N1. A robust QSAR model was developed and applied to assess the relative risks of other 105 fluoroquinolones. This study underscored the direct role of fluoroquinolone production intermediates in promoting environmental antibiotic resistance and illustrated how different structural features of fluoroquinolone pollutants will influence this process, offering theoretical insights for future antibiotic design and environmental regulation efforts.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ye Du, Jie-Yu Cao, Yao Lu, Heng Zhang, Jing Zhang, Yanbiao Shi, Bo Lai
Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and its activation processes have been extensively studied. However, iodinated byproducts (I-DBPs) generated during nonactivated PMS (NPMS) and activated PMS (APMS) processes pose a significant risk. In NPMS, a 50 μg/L concentration of iodide (I–) could significantly (p < 0.05) increase the cytotoxicity of both the Suwanee River natural organic matter (SRNOM) solution and wastewater secondary effluent (SE), at the dose of 0.5 mM PMS. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the SRNOM solution increased by 6.6 mg-phenol/L and 2.4 μg-4-NQO/L with 200 μg/L I–. For wastewater secondary effluent (SE), both toxicities increased 2.4-fold and 1.9-fold. APMS reduced cytotoxicity by 42–47% and genotoxicity by 53–60% compared with NPMS in I–-containing SRNOM and SE samples. NPMS promoted adsorbable organic iodine (AOI) formation, while APMS inhibited AOI by 77.5–84.9%. FTICR-MS showed NPMS favored I-DBP generation with aromatic precursors, whereas APMS eliminated these precursors and I-DBPs. Compounds such as p-iodophenol and 4-methyl-2-iodophenol were detected in NPMS but removed in APMS. NPMS exhibited weaker oxidation, producing tannic acid-like, lignin-like, and protein-like precursors that can increase toxicity when reacting with HOI. Conversely, APMS enhanced oxidation via hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen, decomposing these precursors further. Importantly, APMS also converted HOI into nontoxic iodate, reducing overall toxicity in I–-containing water.
{"title":"Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity toward Mammalian Cells Induced by Organic Iodine in Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) Processes: Activated PMS Is Better than Nonactivated PMS in Mitigating Toxicity","authors":"Ye Du, Jie-Yu Cao, Yao Lu, Heng Zhang, Jing Zhang, Yanbiao Shi, Bo Lai","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.4c10364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c10364","url":null,"abstract":"Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and its activation processes have been extensively studied. However, iodinated byproducts (I-DBPs) generated during nonactivated PMS (NPMS) and activated PMS (APMS) processes pose a significant risk. In NPMS, a 50 μg/L concentration of iodide (I<sup>–</sup>) could significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increase the cytotoxicity of both the Suwanee River natural organic matter (SRNOM) solution and wastewater secondary effluent (SE), at the dose of 0.5 mM PMS. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the SRNOM solution increased by 6.6 mg-phenol/L and 2.4 μg-4-NQO/L with 200 μg/L I<sup>–</sup>. For wastewater secondary effluent (SE), both toxicities increased 2.4-fold and 1.9-fold. APMS reduced cytotoxicity by 42–47% and genotoxicity by 53–60% compared with NPMS in I<sup>–</sup>-containing SRNOM and SE samples. NPMS promoted adsorbable organic iodine (AOI) formation, while APMS inhibited AOI by 77.5–84.9%. FTICR-MS showed NPMS favored I-DBP generation with aromatic precursors, whereas APMS eliminated these precursors and I-DBPs. Compounds such as <i>p</i>-iodophenol and 4-methyl-2-iodophenol were detected in NPMS but removed in APMS. NPMS exhibited weaker oxidation, producing tannic acid-like, lignin-like, and protein-like precursors that can increase toxicity when reacting with HOI. Conversely, APMS enhanced oxidation via hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen, decomposing these precursors further. Importantly, APMS also converted HOI into nontoxic iodate, reducing overall toxicity in I<sup>–</sup>-containing water.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vegetative development in regions where glaciers retreated due to global warming forces the mercury (Hg) cycle in the cryosphere. This study depicts the fate of Hg in a glacier-retreated chronosequence over the last 250 years recorded by signals of stable Hg isotopes. Results show that the Hg storage in surface soil increases by 3.2 times over 250 years after the glacier retreated. 53 ± 11% of Hg in grass shoots is from the uptake of atmospheric Hg0 and 47 ± 11%, from the uptake of soil Hg. Atmospheric Hg2+ is the primary source of surface soil Hg (54 ± 13%), followed by atmospheric Hg0 (40 ± 10%) and geogenic Hg. The Hg accumulation in soils increased by a factor of 5 at an accelerating rate from the 1870s to 2010s. The Hg release flux from melting glaciers is 3.51 ± 0.01 μg m–2 yr–1. The highly positive Δ199Hg (1.03 ± 0.49‰) in precipitation due to photoreduction of Hg2+ in water droplets causes all samples in ecosystems to have positive Δ199Hg values. Isotopic evidence suggests that photolytic and abiotic dark reduction processes have driven Hg0 re-emission from glacier and underlying soil after melting. The accelerated Hg release from melting glaciers and soil Hg accumulation caused by global warming alter Hg cycling in the cryosphere.
{"title":"Mercury Transport, Transformation and Accumulation Recorded by Stable Isotopes during Retreated Glacier Chronosequence of 250 Years","authors":"Nantao Liu, Xin Li, Peijia Chen, Wei Yuan, Che-Jen Lin, Xinbin Feng, Xun Wang","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.4c13057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c13057","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetative development in regions where glaciers retreated due to global warming forces the mercury (Hg) cycle in the cryosphere. This study depicts the fate of Hg in a glacier-retreated chronosequence over the last 250 years recorded by signals of stable Hg isotopes. Results show that the Hg storage in surface soil increases by 3.2 times over 250 years after the glacier retreated. 53 ± 11% of Hg in grass shoots is from the uptake of atmospheric Hg<sup>0</sup> and 47 ± 11%, from the uptake of soil Hg. Atmospheric Hg<sup>2+</sup> is the primary source of surface soil Hg (54 ± 13%), followed by atmospheric Hg<sup>0</sup> (40 ± 10%) and geogenic Hg. The Hg accumulation in soils increased by a factor of 5 at an accelerating rate from the 1870s to 2010s. The Hg release flux from melting glaciers is 3.51 ± 0.01 μg m<sup>–2</sup> yr<sup>–1</sup>. The highly positive Δ<sup>199</sup>Hg (1.03 ± 0.49‰) in precipitation due to photoreduction of Hg<sup>2+</sup> in water droplets causes all samples in ecosystems to have positive Δ<sup>199</sup>Hg values. Isotopic evidence suggests that photolytic and abiotic dark reduction processes have driven Hg<sup>0</sup> re-emission from glacier and underlying soil after melting. The accelerated Hg release from melting glaciers and soil Hg accumulation caused by global warming alter Hg cycling in the cryosphere.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vegetative development in regions where glaciers retreated due to global warming forces the mercury (Hg) cycle in the cryosphere. This study depicts the fate of Hg in a glacier-retreated chronosequence over the last 250 years recorded by signals of stable Hg isotopes. Results show that the Hg storage in surface soil increases by 3.2 times over 250 years after the glacier retreated. 53 ± 11% of Hg in grass shoots is from the uptake of atmospheric Hg0 and 47 ± 11%, from the uptake of soil Hg. Atmospheric Hg2+ is the primary source of surface soil Hg (54 ± 13%), followed by atmospheric Hg0 (40 ± 10%) and geogenic Hg. The Hg accumulation in soils increased by a factor of 5 at an accelerating rate from the 1870s to 2010s. The Hg release flux from melting glaciers is 3.51 ± 0.01 μg m–2 yr–1. The highly positive Δ199Hg (1.03 ± 0.49‰) in precipitation due to photoreduction of Hg2+ in water droplets causes all samples in ecosystems to have positive Δ199Hg values. Isotopic evidence suggests that photolytic and abiotic dark reduction processes have driven Hg0 re-emission from glacier and underlying soil after melting. The accelerated Hg release from melting glaciers and soil Hg accumulation caused by global warming alter Hg cycling in the cryosphere.
{"title":"Mercury Transport, Transformation and Accumulation Recorded by Stable Isotopes during Retreated Glacier Chronosequence of 250 Years","authors":"Nantao Liu, Xin Li, Peijia Chen, Wei Yuan, Che-Jen Lin, Xinbin Feng and Xun Wang*, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.4c1305710.1021/acs.est.4c13057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c13057https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c13057","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Vegetative development in regions where glaciers retreated due to global warming forces the mercury (Hg) cycle in the cryosphere. This study depicts the fate of Hg in a glacier-retreated chronosequence over the last 250 years recorded by signals of stable Hg isotopes. Results show that the Hg storage in surface soil increases by 3.2 times over 250 years after the glacier retreated. 53 ± 11% of Hg in grass shoots is from the uptake of atmospheric Hg<sup>0</sup> and 47 ± 11%, from the uptake of soil Hg. Atmospheric Hg<sup>2+</sup> is the primary source of surface soil Hg (54 ± 13%), followed by atmospheric Hg<sup>0</sup> (40 ± 10%) and geogenic Hg. The Hg accumulation in soils increased by a factor of 5 at an accelerating rate from the 1870s to 2010s. The Hg release flux from melting glaciers is 3.51 ± 0.01 μg m<sup>–2</sup> yr<sup>–1</sup>. The highly positive Δ<sup>199</sup>Hg (1.03 ± 0.49‰) in precipitation due to photoreduction of Hg<sup>2+</sup> in water droplets causes all samples in ecosystems to have positive Δ<sup>199</sup>Hg values. Isotopic evidence suggests that photolytic and abiotic dark reduction processes have driven Hg<sup>0</sup> re-emission from glacier and underlying soil after melting. The accelerated Hg release from melting glaciers and soil Hg accumulation caused by global warming alter Hg cycling in the cryosphere.</p>","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"59 12","pages":"6085–6096 6085–6096"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Decarbonizing materials production presents a major challenge to achieving a carbon-neutral society. The current carbon-neutral roadmap for materials generally assumes an uncertain dissemination of innovative production technologies, making the changes in material flows required for a carbon-neutral society unclear. This study introduces three material reduction scenarios and an input–output optimization model to explore material flows in Japan for achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 without disseminating innovative technologies. The results indicate that Japanese carbon emissions could reach neutrality by 2050 if the country can manage a yearly material reduction of 4% together with the decarbonization of electricity generation. To achieve this, the material efficiency of consumption must increase nearly 4-fold, and the material circulation rate must be doubled. Achieving such a rapid improvement in material efficiency and circularity is as challenging as the early large-scale deployment of material decarbonization technologies. Therefore, the critical choice in the remaining years is whether to bet heavily on innovative material decarbonization or prioritize technologies and policies accelerating material efficiency.
{"title":"Material Efficiency and Circularity Goals to Achieve a Carbon-Neutral Society by 2050","authors":"Sho Hata, Keisuke Nansai, Yosuke Shigetomi, Minami Kito, Kenichi Nakajima","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.4c08719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c08719","url":null,"abstract":"Decarbonizing materials production presents a major challenge to achieving a carbon-neutral society. The current carbon-neutral roadmap for materials generally assumes an uncertain dissemination of innovative production technologies, making the changes in material flows required for a carbon-neutral society unclear. This study introduces three material reduction scenarios and an input–output optimization model to explore material flows in Japan for achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 without disseminating innovative technologies. The results indicate that Japanese carbon emissions could reach neutrality by 2050 if the country can manage a yearly material reduction of 4% together with the decarbonization of electricity generation. To achieve this, the material efficiency of consumption must increase nearly 4-fold, and the material circulation rate must be doubled. Achieving such a rapid improvement in material efficiency and circularity is as challenging as the early large-scale deployment of material decarbonization technologies. Therefore, the critical choice in the remaining years is whether to bet heavily on innovative material decarbonization or prioritize technologies and policies accelerating material efficiency.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qingyang Shi, Dahang Shen, Rebecca Yates, Catherine Chou, Andrea Barajas, Jingjing Zhang, Daniel Schlenk, Jay Gan
The reuse of treated wastewater (TWW) for irrigation alleviates freshwater (FW) scarcity while supporting a circular economy. However, the potential human exposure to contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) through plant accumulation is a significant barrier. Currently, knowledge on CEC contamination of edible produce and effective mitigation strategies for the safe reuse of TWW is limited, particularly under field conditions. This study examined the accumulation of a representative set of CECs, including perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), pharmaceuticals and personal care products, and tire wear particle (TWP) chemicals, in radish, lettuce, and tomato under three irrigation practices: FULL (continuous TWW irrigation), HALF (midseason switch from TWW to FW), and FW-only. Despite low PFAS concentrations (8.1–25.7 ng/L) in TWW, the plant uptake was consistently observed, including in tomato fruits. Alternating TWW with FW significantly reduced CEC accumulation in edible tissues, particularly for compounds with short half-lives, with reductions up to 82.4% even for persistent PFAS. For most CECs and plant species, edible tissue concentrations were similar between the HALF and FW treatments. These findings demonstrate the on-farm applicability of simple irrigation modifications to reduce food contamination and contribute to the promotion of safe reuse of nonconventional waters.
{"title":"Safe Reuse of Treated Wastewater: Accumulation of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Field-Grown Vegetables under Different Irrigation Schemes","authors":"Qingyang Shi, Dahang Shen, Rebecca Yates, Catherine Chou, Andrea Barajas, Jingjing Zhang, Daniel Schlenk, Jay Gan","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.4c13666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c13666","url":null,"abstract":"The reuse of treated wastewater (TWW) for irrigation alleviates freshwater (FW) scarcity while supporting a circular economy. However, the potential human exposure to contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) through plant accumulation is a significant barrier. Currently, knowledge on CEC contamination of edible produce and effective mitigation strategies for the safe reuse of TWW is limited, particularly under field conditions. This study examined the accumulation of a representative set of CECs, including perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), pharmaceuticals and personal care products, and tire wear particle (TWP) chemicals, in radish, lettuce, and tomato under three irrigation practices: FULL (continuous TWW irrigation), HALF (midseason switch from TWW to FW), and FW-only. Despite low PFAS concentrations (8.1–25.7 ng/L) in TWW, the plant uptake was consistently observed, including in tomato fruits. Alternating TWW with FW significantly reduced CEC accumulation in edible tissues, particularly for compounds with short half-lives, with reductions up to 82.4% even for persistent PFAS. For most CECs and plant species, edible tissue concentrations were similar between the HALF and FW treatments. These findings demonstrate the on-farm applicability of simple irrigation modifications to reduce food contamination and contribute to the promotion of safe reuse of nonconventional waters.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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