Low-Level Jet (LLJ) is a vital meteorological phenomenon driving vertical air mass transport in the troposphere, yet its effects on near-surface ozone (O3) chemistry remain poorly understood. Based on comprehensive observations, this study investigates the seasonal influence of LLJs on surface O3 concentrations and associated photochemical mechanisms in Beijing. We find that LLJs consistently elevate nighttime O3 levels across all seasons by transporting O3-rich air from aloft. During daytime, however, their net effect on O3 varies seasonally, e.g., LLJs enhance O3 concentrations in spring and winter but suppress them in summer and autumn, as a result of a combination of both photochemical and physical processes. In summer, daytime surface O3 concentrations decrease on LLJ days due to the strong dilution/transportation effect, which outweighs enhanced photochemistry, where production rates of HO2, RO2, and O3 rise by approximately 47%, 71%, and 47%, respectively, due to lower NOx, higher JNO2, and elevated temperature. In winter, daytime O3 concentrations increase, driven by a higher O3 production rate (10 ± 36%) associated with elevated HO2 and RO2 production rates (38% and 32%, respectively), alongside high O3 concentration before sunrise and a comparable dilution effect on LLJ days compared to Non-LLJ days.
{"title":"Seasonal Variations of the Impacts of Low-Level Jets on Surface Ozone Photochemistry in Beijing","authors":"Yuzheng Wang,Wei Ma,Pengkun Ma,Jiannong Quan,Chenjie Hua,Feixue Zheng,Yusheng Zhang,Zongcheng Wang,Yubing Pan,Qi Yuan,Hongling Yang,Jinyuan Xin,Peng Fu,Federico Bianchi,Veli-Matti Kerminen,Tuukka Petäjä,Markku Kulmala,Yongchun Liu","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.6c00516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6c00516","url":null,"abstract":"Low-Level Jet (LLJ) is a vital meteorological phenomenon driving vertical air mass transport in the troposphere, yet its effects on near-surface ozone (O3) chemistry remain poorly understood. Based on comprehensive observations, this study investigates the seasonal influence of LLJs on surface O3 concentrations and associated photochemical mechanisms in Beijing. We find that LLJs consistently elevate nighttime O3 levels across all seasons by transporting O3-rich air from aloft. During daytime, however, their net effect on O3 varies seasonally, e.g., LLJs enhance O3 concentrations in spring and winter but suppress them in summer and autumn, as a result of a combination of both photochemical and physical processes. In summer, daytime surface O3 concentrations decrease on LLJ days due to the strong dilution/transportation effect, which outweighs enhanced photochemistry, where production rates of HO2, RO2, and O3 rise by approximately 47%, 71%, and 47%, respectively, due to lower NOx, higher JNO2, and elevated temperature. In winter, daytime O3 concentrations increase, driven by a higher O3 production rate (10 ± 36%) associated with elevated HO2 and RO2 production rates (38% and 32%, respectively), alongside high O3 concentration before sunrise and a comparable dilution effect on LLJ days compared to Non-LLJ days.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147506321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants with reproductive and developmental toxicity, though it remains unclear whether prenatal PCB mixture exposure can lead to neural tube defects (NTDs). We evaluate the effects of real-world PCB mixtures on NTD risk and potential mechanisms by integrating epidemiology, in vivo toxicology, and multiomics. In our case-control study (n = 482), prenatal PCB exposure was estimated from placental concentrations of 13 congeners. Multivariable logistic regression showed that higher levels of PCB-52, PCB-118, and total ΣPCBs were associated with increased NTD risk. Three mixture models associated higher placental PCB mixture levels with elevated NTD risk and identified PCB-52 and PCB-118 as major contributors. Moreover, pregnant mice were dosed with a human-relevant PCB mixture during neurulation, inducing fetal NTDs dose-dependently. Multiomics indicated activation of pyroptosis; targeted assays supported activation of the NLRP3-caspase-1-GSDMD axis with increased IL-18, along with pyroptotic ultrastructural alterations. Overall, we found prenatal PCB mixture exposure was associated with higher NTD risk, and pyroptosis may represent a teratogenic mechanism. Indoor air pollution may be a prenatal exposure source; folic acid supplementation may attenuate PCB-associated NTD risk. This study provides a generalizable framework for real-world mixture risk assessment in birth defect research.
{"title":"Prenatal Polychlorinated Biphenyl Mixture Exposure and Neural Tube Defects: Integrated Epidemiological and Experimental Evidence Implicating Pyroptosis","authors":"Qianhui Cheng,Yongyan Chen,Hai Lin,Chen Yang,Sainan Li,Jufen Liu,Lei Jin,Zhiwen Li,Aiguo Ren,Linlin Wang","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c17066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c17066","url":null,"abstract":"Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants with reproductive and developmental toxicity, though it remains unclear whether prenatal PCB mixture exposure can lead to neural tube defects (NTDs). We evaluate the effects of real-world PCB mixtures on NTD risk and potential mechanisms by integrating epidemiology, in vivo toxicology, and multiomics. In our case-control study (n = 482), prenatal PCB exposure was estimated from placental concentrations of 13 congeners. Multivariable logistic regression showed that higher levels of PCB-52, PCB-118, and total ΣPCBs were associated with increased NTD risk. Three mixture models associated higher placental PCB mixture levels with elevated NTD risk and identified PCB-52 and PCB-118 as major contributors. Moreover, pregnant mice were dosed with a human-relevant PCB mixture during neurulation, inducing fetal NTDs dose-dependently. Multiomics indicated activation of pyroptosis; targeted assays supported activation of the NLRP3-caspase-1-GSDMD axis with increased IL-18, along with pyroptotic ultrastructural alterations. Overall, we found prenatal PCB mixture exposure was associated with higher NTD risk, and pyroptosis may represent a teratogenic mechanism. Indoor air pollution may be a prenatal exposure source; folic acid supplementation may attenuate PCB-associated NTD risk. This study provides a generalizable framework for real-world mixture risk assessment in birth defect research.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147506329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fine particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) is an environmental risk factor for lung cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms linking PM2.5 exposure to tumorigenesis remain unclear. We identified the cellular prion protein (PrPC) as a critical regulator of susceptibility to PM2.5-induced lung pathologies. PrPC and Sirt1 expression levels were lower, whereas HIF-1α expression was higher, in aged compared to younger C57BL/6 mice, which correlated with increased mortality and lung cancer susceptibility following PM2.5 exposure. Prnp mice (PrPC wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice) were exposed to PM2.5 at 50 μg/m3 for 2 h per day over 5 days. Two PM2.5 sources were used: a synthetic ion–organic acid mixture and an urban standard (NIST 1648a), which are rich in heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Lung pathology was evaluated by using imaging, histology, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. PrPC deficiency recapitulated and exacerbated age-associated pathology, promoting emphysema, hypoxia, angiogenesis, and tumorigenesis via dysregulating the Sirt1-p53-HIF1α axis. NIST triggered more aggressive tumorigenesis than the synthetic mixture, underscoring the role of particle composition. PM2.5 has environmental and public health impacts, particularly in older adults, and PrPC is a mechanistic regulator and potential biomarker of pollution-associated lung cancer.
{"title":"PrPC Glycoprotein Modulates Atmospherically Relevant Artificial Particulate Matter-Induced Development of Lung Cancer in Mice","authors":"Thi Thu Trang Kieu,Hyun-Jaung Sim,Govinda Bhattarai,Han-Sol So,Jeong-Chae Lee,Sung-Ho Kook","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c08365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c08365","url":null,"abstract":"Fine particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) is an environmental risk factor for lung cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms linking PM2.5 exposure to tumorigenesis remain unclear. We identified the cellular prion protein (PrPC) as a critical regulator of susceptibility to PM2.5-induced lung pathologies. PrPC and Sirt1 expression levels were lower, whereas HIF-1α expression was higher, in aged compared to younger C57BL/6 mice, which correlated with increased mortality and lung cancer susceptibility following PM2.5 exposure. Prnp mice (PrPC wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice) were exposed to PM2.5 at 50 μg/m3 for 2 h per day over 5 days. Two PM2.5 sources were used: a synthetic ion–organic acid mixture and an urban standard (NIST 1648a), which are rich in heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Lung pathology was evaluated by using imaging, histology, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. PrPC deficiency recapitulated and exacerbated age-associated pathology, promoting emphysema, hypoxia, angiogenesis, and tumorigenesis via dysregulating the Sirt1-p53-HIF1α axis. NIST triggered more aggressive tumorigenesis than the synthetic mixture, underscoring the role of particle composition. PM2.5 has environmental and public health impacts, particularly in older adults, and PrPC is a mechanistic regulator and potential biomarker of pollution-associated lung cancer.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147506331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Case for More Diversity in Thinking About PMT Contaminants","authors":"Paul G. Tratnyek","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.6c00846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6c00846","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147506320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruoqi Li,Qi Sun,Yining Xue,Chunguang Liu,Hongwen Sun,Lei Wang
Tire wear particles (TWP), ubiquitously distributed, pose significant risks to ecosystems and human health. Conventional TWP emissions assessment relies on vehicle-type-specific mileage data, but insufficient data on robust vehicle activity statistics limit its applicability globally. Using 2012–2022 comprehensive provincial and national data from mainland China, including vehicle activity, population, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP), we developed an empirical model to estimate TWP emissions via accessible population and GDP indicators. Upon comparison with 2023 mileage-based TWP estimates across 32 Chinese regions and published data sets from 13 countries, our model demonstrated strong predictive performance, characterized by high coefficients of determination (R2 = 0.892 and 0.862), low mean absolute error (MAE = 0.107 and 0.196), and low root-mean-square error (RMSE = 0.143 and 0.271). Using this model, we estimated 2022 TWP emissions for 101 eligible countries (vehicle ownership of 35–885 vehicles per 1000 inhabitants), identifying mainland China, the USA, India, Japan, and Brazil as the top five emitters. Globally, TWP emissions are estimated to rise from 3764.6 Kt yr–1 (median) in 2010 to 4919.2 Kt yr–1 in 2024, and are projected at 7280.5 Kt yr–1 by 2050. This work provides a practical tool for large-scale TWP emission risk prediction.
{"title":"Estimation of Tire Wear Particle Emissions from Civilian Vehicles","authors":"Ruoqi Li,Qi Sun,Yining Xue,Chunguang Liu,Hongwen Sun,Lei Wang","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c18681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c18681","url":null,"abstract":"Tire wear particles (TWP), ubiquitously distributed, pose significant risks to ecosystems and human health. Conventional TWP emissions assessment relies on vehicle-type-specific mileage data, but insufficient data on robust vehicle activity statistics limit its applicability globally. Using 2012–2022 comprehensive provincial and national data from mainland China, including vehicle activity, population, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP), we developed an empirical model to estimate TWP emissions via accessible population and GDP indicators. Upon comparison with 2023 mileage-based TWP estimates across 32 Chinese regions and published data sets from 13 countries, our model demonstrated strong predictive performance, characterized by high coefficients of determination (R2 = 0.892 and 0.862), low mean absolute error (MAE = 0.107 and 0.196), and low root-mean-square error (RMSE = 0.143 and 0.271). Using this model, we estimated 2022 TWP emissions for 101 eligible countries (vehicle ownership of 35–885 vehicles per 1000 inhabitants), identifying mainland China, the USA, India, Japan, and Brazil as the top five emitters. Globally, TWP emissions are estimated to rise from 3764.6 Kt yr–1 (median) in 2010 to 4919.2 Kt yr–1 in 2024, and are projected at 7280.5 Kt yr–1 by 2050. This work provides a practical tool for large-scale TWP emission risk prediction.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147506323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
China, the world’s largest generator of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), faces growing challenges in managing household WEEE and recovering embedded resources. This study develops a long-term, provincial-level assessment of household WEEE generation and anthropogenic mineral (AM) reserves in China from 1978 to 2050. Using a stock-based material flow analysis, we quantify in-use stocks, WEEE generation, and associated AM for 10 household appliance categories (14 types) across 31 provinces. Annual household WEEE generation exceeded 400 million units in 2023, dominated by cell phones, computers, air conditioners, and washing machines, with eastern and southeastern provinces contributing the largest volumes. Embedded AM reserves in 2023 include about 228 thousand tonnes of copper (9.4% of national recycled copper), 21 tonnes of gold (5.6% of primary production), and 7 tonnes of palladium (50% of primary production), with a theoretical metal value of over 5 billion USD. Yet, existing formal recycling infrastructure captures only ∼30% of this potential, owing to pronounced spatial and category-specific mismatches. Our results identify critical gaps and province-level hotspots, providing a quantitative basis for spatially targeted WEEE management and infrastructure planning to enhance resource recovery in China’s transition toward a circular economy.
{"title":"Spatiotemporal Distribution of Household WEEE and Anthropogenic Mineral Reserves in China from 1978 to 2050","authors":"Zongqi Yu,Yifan Gu,Chenyang Shuai,Xi Chen,Ming Xu,Bu Zhao","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.6c02246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6c02246","url":null,"abstract":"China, the world’s largest generator of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), faces growing challenges in managing household WEEE and recovering embedded resources. This study develops a long-term, provincial-level assessment of household WEEE generation and anthropogenic mineral (AM) reserves in China from 1978 to 2050. Using a stock-based material flow analysis, we quantify in-use stocks, WEEE generation, and associated AM for 10 household appliance categories (14 types) across 31 provinces. Annual household WEEE generation exceeded 400 million units in 2023, dominated by cell phones, computers, air conditioners, and washing machines, with eastern and southeastern provinces contributing the largest volumes. Embedded AM reserves in 2023 include about 228 thousand tonnes of copper (9.4% of national recycled copper), 21 tonnes of gold (5.6% of primary production), and 7 tonnes of palladium (50% of primary production), with a theoretical metal value of over 5 billion USD. Yet, existing formal recycling infrastructure captures only ∼30% of this potential, owing to pronounced spatial and category-specific mismatches. Our results identify critical gaps and province-level hotspots, providing a quantitative basis for spatially targeted WEEE management and infrastructure planning to enhance resource recovery in China’s transition toward a circular economy.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"10 10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147506318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"We See That Plastics Are Persistent. But Should We Treat Them Universally as a POP?","authors":"Melissa A. Maurer-Jones,Naba K. Kalita","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c18400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c18400","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147506326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Application of pesticides at the base of the human food chain carries environmental and human health consequences and remains a key challenge for Planetary Health. Analysis of an Australian Government database identified 45 pesticide products used in high volumes (>100 t/year). The international regulatory status of each of these was in turn examined for global benchmarking. The search revealed that 60% of Australia’s high-use pesticides are banned in Europe, and a further 24.4% are approved in Europe but banned in at least one other country. Just 15.6% retain international approval. Exploration of political actors serving to maintain Australia’s permissive stance on harmful pesticides found a two-way stabilizing mechanism. On the one hand, Australia’s risk-based chemical assessment approach to chemical regulation is unable to account for, nor manage, the inherent chemical hazards that remain after the chemical has been released into an open system where biological and biogeochemical interactions cannot be predicted. The process omits the precautionary principle and hereby creates an illusion of managed risk surrounding inherently harmful chemicals. On the other hand, global chemical companies are purportedly delaying registration of modern product alternatives in Australia. Consequently, Australian producers are locked into a continued reliance on harmful pesticides, while chemical companies safeguard a continued market for otherwise unmarketable pesticide products.
{"title":"Australia’s Blind Eye: Exploring the Nation’s Permissive Stance on Harmful Pesticides","authors":"Susan M. Bengtson Nash,Georgette Leah Burns","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c15716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c15716","url":null,"abstract":"Application of pesticides at the base of the human food chain carries environmental and human health consequences and remains a key challenge for Planetary Health. Analysis of an Australian Government database identified 45 pesticide products used in high volumes (>100 t/year). The international regulatory status of each of these was in turn examined for global benchmarking. The search revealed that 60% of Australia’s high-use pesticides are banned in Europe, and a further 24.4% are approved in Europe but banned in at least one other country. Just 15.6% retain international approval. Exploration of political actors serving to maintain Australia’s permissive stance on harmful pesticides found a two-way stabilizing mechanism. On the one hand, Australia’s risk-based chemical assessment approach to chemical regulation is unable to account for, nor manage, the inherent chemical hazards that remain after the chemical has been released into an open system where biological and biogeochemical interactions cannot be predicted. The process omits the precautionary principle and hereby creates an illusion of managed risk surrounding inherently harmful chemicals. On the other hand, global chemical companies are purportedly delaying registration of modern product alternatives in Australia. Consequently, Australian producers are locked into a continued reliance on harmful pesticides, while chemical companies safeguard a continued market for otherwise unmarketable pesticide products.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147506328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mengshan Tang,Zhiyuan Lv,Jiayi Wang,Jie Guo,Yawen Zhao,Hongbing Duan,Kadambot H. M. Siddique,Lina Zhou,Hui Mao
Through 40-day short-term pot experiments and 128-day complete life-cycle pot experiments, this study systematically evaluated the effects of three iron-based nanoparticles (NPs)─nZVI, Fe2O3 NPs, and Fe3O4 NPs─and two ionic iron (Fe) fertilizers (FeCl3 and FeSO4) on rice growth and arsenic (As) accumulation. We further examined the formation, structural characteristics, and physicochemical properties of root-associated Fe plaque, along with As dynamics in the rhizosphere. All Fe amendments increased rice grain yield. Compared with the control, Fe treatments reduced grain As concentrations by 19.8–44.8% while increasing Fe contents by 16.9–52.7%, with nZVI exhibiting the strongest As mitigation effect. Multiscale analyses revealed that Fe NPs altered the pore structure and Fe speciation of Fe plaque, increased the proportion of crystalline iron oxides, and enhanced the spatial colocalization of As and Fe within the Fe plaque. nZVI notably enhanced the As immobilization capacity of Fe plaque. Concurrently, Fe NPs facilitated the transformation of labile As into more stable forms in rhizosphere soils and increased the abundance of functional genes involved in As oxidation, detoxification, and Fe redox. Overall, Fe NPs represent a promising strategy for reducing As exposure risks in As-contaminated paddy soils.
{"title":"Iron-Based Nanomaterials Enhance Rice Growth and Limit Grain Arsenic Accumulation via Iron Plaque Formation and Rhizosphere Modulation","authors":"Mengshan Tang,Zhiyuan Lv,Jiayi Wang,Jie Guo,Yawen Zhao,Hongbing Duan,Kadambot H. M. Siddique,Lina Zhou,Hui Mao","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.6c00983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6c00983","url":null,"abstract":"Through 40-day short-term pot experiments and 128-day complete life-cycle pot experiments, this study systematically evaluated the effects of three iron-based nanoparticles (NPs)─nZVI, Fe2O3 NPs, and Fe3O4 NPs─and two ionic iron (Fe) fertilizers (FeCl3 and FeSO4) on rice growth and arsenic (As) accumulation. We further examined the formation, structural characteristics, and physicochemical properties of root-associated Fe plaque, along with As dynamics in the rhizosphere. All Fe amendments increased rice grain yield. Compared with the control, Fe treatments reduced grain As concentrations by 19.8–44.8% while increasing Fe contents by 16.9–52.7%, with nZVI exhibiting the strongest As mitigation effect. Multiscale analyses revealed that Fe NPs altered the pore structure and Fe speciation of Fe plaque, increased the proportion of crystalline iron oxides, and enhanced the spatial colocalization of As and Fe within the Fe plaque. nZVI notably enhanced the As immobilization capacity of Fe plaque. Concurrently, Fe NPs facilitated the transformation of labile As into more stable forms in rhizosphere soils and increased the abundance of functional genes involved in As oxidation, detoxification, and Fe redox. Overall, Fe NPs represent a promising strategy for reducing As exposure risks in As-contaminated paddy soils.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147506319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yongkai Xu,Shuang Hao,Jianxiao Wang,Jun Xiao,Jie Gao,Yunxia Hu
To address the urgent requirement for antifouling reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, this work presents an innovative interfacial polymerization (IP) strategy utilizing molecularly engineered zwitterionic surfactants. Three zwitterionic surfactants with identical hydrophilic heads but distinct hydrophobic tails were synthesized, each serves a dual function: regulating IP kinetics while incorporating into the polyamide (PA) network to confer inherent antifouling properties. The surfactant combining an aromatic ring and a long alkyl chain proved most effective, enhancing integration via π–π interactions and maximizing interfacial activity to yield a polyamide layer with superior density, hydrophilicity, and permeability. The resulting membrane achieves a balance of high water permeance (2.7 LMH/bar), outstanding salt rejection (99.6%), and excellent antifouling performance. In practical tests using real coking wastewater, it consistently outperformed a leading commercial antifouling membrane (DuPont FilmTec CR100) across multiple fouling–cleaning cycles. This study establishes a new paradigm in which tailored surfactant molecular design directly governs RO membrane properties and integrated performance, offering a promising pathway to next-generation RO membranes for challenging water treatment applications.
{"title":"Engineering Highly Permeable and Antifouling Polyamide RO Membranes via Interfacial Polymerization with Molecularly Designed Zwitterionic Surfactants","authors":"Yongkai Xu,Shuang Hao,Jianxiao Wang,Jun Xiao,Jie Gao,Yunxia Hu","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c18546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c18546","url":null,"abstract":"To address the urgent requirement for antifouling reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, this work presents an innovative interfacial polymerization (IP) strategy utilizing molecularly engineered zwitterionic surfactants. Three zwitterionic surfactants with identical hydrophilic heads but distinct hydrophobic tails were synthesized, each serves a dual function: regulating IP kinetics while incorporating into the polyamide (PA) network to confer inherent antifouling properties. The surfactant combining an aromatic ring and a long alkyl chain proved most effective, enhancing integration via π–π interactions and maximizing interfacial activity to yield a polyamide layer with superior density, hydrophilicity, and permeability. The resulting membrane achieves a balance of high water permeance (2.7 LMH/bar), outstanding salt rejection (99.6%), and excellent antifouling performance. In practical tests using real coking wastewater, it consistently outperformed a leading commercial antifouling membrane (DuPont FilmTec CR100) across multiple fouling–cleaning cycles. This study establishes a new paradigm in which tailored surfactant molecular design directly governs RO membrane properties and integrated performance, offering a promising pathway to next-generation RO membranes for challenging water treatment applications.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"219 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147506324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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