The aim of the present study is to explore how Chinese terms of address are conventionally used in the speech acts of apology and request from a contrastive pragmatic angle. The study fills an important knowledge gap, considering that little attention has been paid to the use of address terms in the performance of speech acts. The research presented has the following bipartite structure. First, a multiple-choice Discourse Completion Tests (DCT) was administered to a group of young learners of Chinese as a foreign language (CFLLs) and a comparable group of Chinese native speakers (NSs). The DCT results reveal that Chinese NSs use address terms significantly more frequently in realising apologies and requests compared to the Hungarian CFLLs. Following the DCT, an online survey was conducted with Chinese linguacultural insiders on the use of address terms in apologies and requests. The findings from the online survey affirm that Chinese address terms serve pragmatic functions beyond mere attention-getters in the performance of speech acts. These findings not only identify the use of address terms as a prominent pragmatic feature in the speech acts performance in Chinese, but also hold strong implications for CFL education in fostering learners’ pragmatic competence.
{"title":"Chinese terms of address in apology and request","authors":"Puyu Ning","doi":"10.1558/eap.25653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/eap.25653","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study is to explore how Chinese terms of address are conventionally used in the speech acts of apology and request from a contrastive pragmatic angle. The study fills an important knowledge gap, considering that little attention has been paid to the use of address terms in the performance of speech acts. The research presented has the following bipartite structure. First, a multiple-choice Discourse Completion Tests (DCT) was administered to a group of young learners of Chinese as a foreign language (CFLLs) and a comparable group of Chinese native speakers (NSs). The DCT results reveal that Chinese NSs use address terms significantly more frequently in realising apologies and requests compared to the Hungarian CFLLs. Following the DCT, an online survey was conducted with Chinese linguacultural insiders on the use of address terms in apologies and requests. The findings from the online survey affirm that Chinese address terms serve pragmatic functions beyond mere attention-getters in the performance of speech acts. These findings not only identify the use of address terms as a prominent pragmatic feature in the speech acts performance in Chinese, but also hold strong implications for CFL education in fostering learners’ pragmatic competence.","PeriodicalId":37018,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Pragmatics","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135199720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Address terms in the Chinese context have been examined by many researchers. This paper examines address terms used by ethnic Chinese people in the multilingual context of Singapore. This study uses a sociopragmatic approach to gain a broader understanding of how the ethnic Chinese population in Singapore chooses between different languages and terms of address in different settings. It seeks to understand the underlying factors that affect one’s decision given the complex linguistic environment. The findings show that there is a diglossia situation in Singapore – a distinction between formal and informal settings (Keshavarz, 2001). In formal settings, only English and Mandarin are used, while southern Chinese dialects are used in informal settings such as with family, friends or in coffee shops. Other factors that affect terms of address include Confucian ethics of showing respect for one’s elders and people of higher positions and status as seen in Gu (1990), and in gaining favour with addressees such as sellers appealing to their customers (Liu, 2009).
{"title":"Address terms by Singapore Chinese in a multilingual context","authors":"Cher Leng Lee","doi":"10.1558/eap.25351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/eap.25351","url":null,"abstract":"Address terms in the Chinese context have been examined by many researchers. This paper examines address terms used by ethnic Chinese people in the multilingual context of Singapore. This study uses a sociopragmatic approach to gain a broader understanding of how the ethnic Chinese population in Singapore chooses between different languages and terms of address in different settings. It seeks to understand the underlying factors that affect one’s decision given the complex linguistic environment. The findings show that there is a diglossia situation in Singapore – a distinction between formal and informal settings (Keshavarz, 2001). In formal settings, only English and Mandarin are used, while southern Chinese dialects are used in informal settings such as with family, friends or in coffee shops. Other factors that affect terms of address include Confucian ethics of showing respect for one’s elders and people of higher positions and status as seen in Gu (1990), and in gaining favour with addressees such as sellers appealing to their customers (Liu, 2009).","PeriodicalId":37018,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Pragmatics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49464891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite an increasing scholarly interest in doctors’ behaviour in online settings, doctors’ epistemic behaviour (i.e. how doctor employs discursive practices to deal with their side and patients’ side knowledge) in online medical consultation (OMC) is still underexplored in research. Drawing on 300 highly rated OMC cases retrieved from dxy.com, a well-known digital health consulting platform in China, this study explores how Chinese pediatricians discursively deploy different types of epistemic behaviour in OMC settings. Data analyses yield three typical types of epistemic behaviour by Chinese pediatricians: strengthening epistemic primacy, mitigating epistemic certainty and showing concerns about parents’ epistemic domain. It is argued that pediatricians conduct epistemic behaviour to win parents’ perceptions of their trustworthiness. The three types of epistemic behaviour are targeted at the three dimensions of trustworthiness – ability, integrity, and benevolence. This study could yield insightful suggestions for online doctors’ strategic choice of discursive practices to promote a trusting doctor–patient relationship and harmonious consulting atmosphere in e-health activities.
{"title":"Thanks for trusting me, parent","authors":"Xueyu Wang, Rujie Cao","doi":"10.1558/eap.22552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/eap.22552","url":null,"abstract":"Despite an increasing scholarly interest in doctors’ behaviour in online settings, doctors’ epistemic behaviour (i.e. how doctor employs discursive practices to deal with their side and patients’ side knowledge) in online medical consultation (OMC) is still underexplored in research. Drawing on 300 highly rated OMC cases retrieved from dxy.com, a well-known digital health consulting platform in China, this study explores how Chinese pediatricians discursively deploy different types of epistemic behaviour in OMC settings. Data analyses yield three typical types of epistemic behaviour by Chinese pediatricians: strengthening epistemic primacy, mitigating epistemic certainty and showing concerns about parents’ epistemic domain. It is argued that pediatricians conduct epistemic behaviour to win parents’ perceptions of their trustworthiness. The three types of epistemic behaviour are targeted at the three dimensions of trustworthiness – ability, integrity, and benevolence. This study could yield insightful suggestions for online doctors’ strategic choice of discursive practices to promote a trusting doctor–patient relationship and harmonious consulting atmosphere in e-health activities.","PeriodicalId":37018,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Pragmatics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47227433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study investigated the use of strategies by Chinese learners of English and English learners of Chinese in making requests in both Chinese and English. Three factors affecting request strategies were also examined, including social power, social distance and degree of imposition. A total of 12 Chinese-speaking and 12 English-speaking students were recruited to complete Chinese and English versions of an oral discourse completion task (ODCT). Request behaviour was examined in both the subjects’ native and non-native languages. The results show that the learner and native speaker groups performed differently in making Chinese requests but employed comparable strategies in making English requests. Moreover, social distance was found to be more influential than social power and degree of imposition in making Chinese requests. However, the influence of these factors was similar in making English requests. The findings suggest that it was easier for the learners of Chinese to master English requests than for the learners of English to acquire Chinese requests.
{"title":"When two cultures meet","authors":"Chun-Yin Doris Chen, Li-ying Xiaoniu Chen, Yuan-Shan Chen","doi":"10.1558/eap.22675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/eap.22675","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigated the use of strategies by Chinese learners of English and English learners of Chinese in making requests in both Chinese and English. Three factors affecting request strategies were also examined, including social power, social distance and degree of imposition. A total of 12 Chinese-speaking and 12 English-speaking students were recruited to complete Chinese and English versions of an oral discourse completion task (ODCT). Request behaviour was examined in both the subjects’ native and non-native languages. The results show that the learner and native speaker groups performed differently in making Chinese requests but employed comparable strategies in making English requests. Moreover, social distance was found to be more influential than social power and degree of imposition in making Chinese requests. However, the influence of these factors was similar in making English requests. The findings suggest that it was easier for the learners of Chinese to master English requests than for the learners of English to acquire Chinese requests.","PeriodicalId":37018,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Pragmatics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44819722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines the interactional functions of an evidential marker -tay in the Korean language. Despite the frequent use of -tay in everyday interactions, the role of this marker in spoken communication has not been sufficiently explored, compared to other Korean quotative expressions. By analysing telephone conversations, this study shows that -tay conveys not only another’s utterances but also indicates interaction-oriented functions in various contexts: as a marker of presenting evidence, detailing context in telling a story and introducing a new topic. In addition, this paper will discuss how speakers use this marker to facilitate interaction with hearers by incorporating multiple voices into spoken discourse and creating new meanings, including the “voice” of a third party and also speakers’ own “metamessages”.
{"title":"Another’s voice","authors":"Hyunsun Kim, Duck-Young Lee","doi":"10.1558/eap.20914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/eap.20914","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the interactional functions of an evidential marker -tay in the Korean language. Despite the frequent use of -tay in everyday interactions, the role of this marker in spoken communication has not been sufficiently explored, compared to other Korean quotative expressions. By analysing telephone conversations, this study shows that -tay conveys not only another’s utterances but also indicates interaction-oriented functions in various contexts: as a marker of presenting evidence, detailing context in telling a story and introducing a new topic. In addition, this paper will discuss how speakers use this marker to facilitate interaction with hearers by incorporating multiple voices into spoken discourse and creating new meanings, including the “voice” of a third party and also speakers’ own “metamessages”.","PeriodicalId":37018,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Pragmatics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41629571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Second Language Pragmatics Wei Ren (2022)Cambridge University Press
第二语言语用学魏仁(2022)剑桥大学出版社
{"title":"'Second Language Pragmatics' Wei Ren","authors":"Lina Ma","doi":"10.1558/eap.23895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/eap.23895","url":null,"abstract":"Second Language Pragmatics Wei Ren (2022)Cambridge University Press","PeriodicalId":37018,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Pragmatics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47229922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study considers the use of the multivalent casual Korean lexical item ya in a Korean television drama. Meanings of ya include “hey” and “oh!” and ya can convey a variety of affective connotations ranging from anger to romantic teasing depending on context and intonational contours. Exploring patterns of use of ya, this study highlights how the differences in intonational contour and choice of addressee are linked to valences of “forcefulness” and “failed forcefulness” that are implicated in the construction and performance of diverse youth-associated gendered styles. It argues that heteronormatively desirable masculine and feminine styles are constructed through the strategic use and non-use of ya. Specifically, romantically desirable femininity relies on the performance of failed forcefulness that creates opportunities for masculine-marked performances of paternal care.
{"title":"Gendering desire","authors":"Judit Kroo","doi":"10.1558/eap.22131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/eap.22131","url":null,"abstract":"This study considers the use of the multivalent casual Korean lexical item ya in a Korean television drama. Meanings of ya include “hey” and “oh!” and ya can convey a variety of affective connotations ranging from anger to romantic teasing depending on context and intonational contours. Exploring patterns of use of ya, this study highlights how the differences in intonational contour and choice of addressee are linked to valences of “forcefulness” and “failed forcefulness” that are implicated in the construction and performance of diverse youth-associated gendered styles. It argues that heteronormatively desirable masculine and feminine styles are constructed through the strategic use and non-use of ya. Specifically, romantically desirable femininity relies on the performance of failed forcefulness that creates opportunities for masculine-marked performances of paternal care.","PeriodicalId":37018,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Pragmatics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43811211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pragmatics: The BasicsBilly Clark (2022)Routledge Press
《语用学:基础》比利·克拉克(2022)劳特利奇出版社
{"title":"'Pragmatics: The Basics' Billy Clark","authors":"Zhi-Min Yu","doi":"10.1558/eap.23589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/eap.23589","url":null,"abstract":"Pragmatics: The BasicsBilly Clark (2022)Routledge Press","PeriodicalId":37018,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Pragmatics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46538908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article, I explore how the Chinese-language construction Ni yiwei +X? (Do you think X?) is used as a rhetorical question in interpersonal interactions, which has been overlooked in the literature. I analysed 1,071 interpersonal interactions drawn from the Center for Chinese Linguistics corpus to examine the recurrent rhetorical uses of this construction. The results have revealed that Ni yiwei +X? has a conventionalised role in realising a range of relational acts dominated by expressives (including disagreeing, complaining and belittling), in the contexts where intersubjective or relational discrepancies have been invoked between interactants. Embracing the perspective of metapragmatics, I indicate that the rhetorical question Ni yiwei +X? arguably constitutes a case of metarepresentation where a thought explicitly attributed to the recipient is further embedded within a negative attitude expressed by the speaker towards the attributed thought. It is thus suggested that the rhetorical use of Ni yiwei +X? could be indicative of speakers’ metarepresentational awareness of the intentional states of both self and others, and hence their efforts to counter the relevant problematic situations, by tactfully holding the recipients accountable for the problems.
{"title":"The rhetorical use of 'Ni yiwei' +X? in Chinese interpersonal interaction","authors":"Haohao Liu","doi":"10.1558/eap.21879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/eap.21879","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, I explore how the Chinese-language construction Ni yiwei +X? (Do you think X?) is used as a rhetorical question in interpersonal interactions, which has been overlooked in the literature. I analysed 1,071 interpersonal interactions drawn from the Center for Chinese Linguistics corpus to examine the recurrent rhetorical uses of this construction. The results have revealed that Ni yiwei +X? has a conventionalised role in realising a range of relational acts dominated by expressives (including disagreeing, complaining and belittling), in the contexts where intersubjective or relational discrepancies have been invoked between interactants. Embracing the perspective of metapragmatics, I indicate that the rhetorical question Ni yiwei +X? arguably constitutes a case of metarepresentation where a thought explicitly attributed to the recipient is further embedded within a negative attitude expressed by the speaker towards the attributed thought. It is thus suggested that the rhetorical use of Ni yiwei +X? could be indicative of speakers’ metarepresentational awareness of the intentional states of both self and others, and hence their efforts to counter the relevant problematic situations, by tactfully holding the recipients accountable for the problems.","PeriodicalId":37018,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Pragmatics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46856831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Developed by Carol Gray, Social StoriesTM is used to conduct behavioural interventions for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) for the sake of developing and improving their social cognition, understanding, and skills. Existing guidelines for social story writing have been widely used by healthcare professionals. However, learners of social story writing face difficulties in following and comprehending the guidelines. This study aims to enhance understanding of social story composition from a discourse-pragmatic perspective. Drawing upon the framework of genre theory and move analysis, the study reveals and elucidates move structure, communicative purposes and rhetorical devices in Social StoriesTM. The study argues that Social StoriesTM are not narrative but a combination of informative and instructional discourse. This research suggests that genre study of Social StoriesTM supplements and facilitates learning and understanding of social story writing in healthcare professional training.
{"title":"A genre analysis of Social Stories for individuals with autism spectrum disorders","authors":"Jesse WC Yip","doi":"10.1558/eap.20511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/eap.20511","url":null,"abstract":"Developed by Carol Gray, Social StoriesTM is used to conduct behavioural interventions for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) for the sake of developing and improving their social cognition, understanding, and skills. Existing guidelines for social story writing have been widely used by healthcare professionals. However, learners of social story writing face difficulties in following and comprehending the guidelines. This study aims to enhance understanding of social story composition from a discourse-pragmatic perspective. Drawing upon the framework of genre theory and move analysis, the study reveals and elucidates move structure, communicative purposes and rhetorical devices in Social StoriesTM. The study argues that Social StoriesTM are not narrative but a combination of informative and instructional discourse. This research suggests that genre study of Social StoriesTM supplements and facilitates learning and understanding of social story writing in healthcare professional training.","PeriodicalId":37018,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Pragmatics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47475858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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