In academic writing, stance reporting is used to reflect the position of the writers towards the literature in order to establish the niche and value of the research. Cross-generic and cross-disciplinary studies of reporting verbs have been conducted on hard and soft disciplines, and yet the specific functions of reporting verbs in different sections of an academic genre across disciplines remain unexplored. This study examines and compares the use of reporting verbs in the introduction section of research articles published in high impact journals in the disciplines of psychology, radiology, and linguistics. A combination of the Create-a-Research-Space (CARS) model on analysing research article introductions by Swales and Feak (2004) and a functional taxonomy on reporting verbs by Hyland (2002) has been used to examine discipline-specific stance reporting constructions in the introduction sections of 142 research articles of the three disciplines. Findings suggest that the choice of reporting verbs is not only discipline specific but also depends on the section (and sub-section) in which such reporting verbs are employed.
{"title":"Cross-disciplinary perspectives on research article introductions","authors":"W. Cheng, Phoenix W. Y. Lam, Amos Yung","doi":"10.1558/eap.18787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/eap.18787","url":null,"abstract":"In academic writing, stance reporting is used to reflect the position of the writers towards the literature in order to establish the niche and value of the research. Cross-generic and cross-disciplinary studies of reporting verbs have been conducted on hard and soft disciplines, and yet the specific functions of reporting verbs in different sections of an academic genre across disciplines remain unexplored. This study examines and compares the use of reporting verbs in the introduction section of research articles published in high impact journals in the disciplines of psychology, radiology, and linguistics. A combination of the Create-a-Research-Space (CARS) model on analysing research article introductions by Swales and Feak (2004) and a functional taxonomy on reporting verbs by Hyland (2002) has been used to examine discipline-specific stance reporting constructions in the introduction sections of 142 research articles of the three disciplines. Findings suggest that the choice of reporting verbs is not only discipline specific but also depends on the section (and sub-section) in which such reporting verbs are employed.","PeriodicalId":37018,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Pragmatics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49636261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gomen, the object of analysis in this study, is an informal expression commonly signalled as an apology in Japanese. Drawing from a corpus of online Q&A forums in Japanese compiled by the author, the study demonstrates that the real communicative intent of gomen can be something different from an expression of apology, or indeed can be apologising plus other intentions. First, the article describes the pragmatic functions of gomen in real-life situations. Second, it shows different patterns of speech act realisation with respect to gomen when used as an apologetic device. This argument is developed by analysing multiple linguistic and contextual variables that frequently co-occur with gomen and play a role in the realisation of its pragmatic functions.
{"title":"speech act of apologising in Japanese online communication","authors":"Eugenia Diegoli","doi":"10.1558/eap.18599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/eap.18599","url":null,"abstract":"Gomen, the object of analysis in this study, is an informal expression commonly signalled as an apology in Japanese. Drawing from a corpus of online Q&A forums in Japanese compiled by the author, the study demonstrates that the real communicative intent of gomen can be something different from an expression of apology, or indeed can be apologising plus other intentions. First, the article describes the pragmatic functions of gomen in real-life situations. Second, it shows different patterns of speech act realisation with respect to gomen when used as an apologetic device. This argument is developed by analysing multiple linguistic and contextual variables that frequently co-occur with gomen and play a role in the realisation of its pragmatic functions.","PeriodicalId":37018,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Pragmatics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46653210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study explores hypothetical enactments appearing subsequent to agreement sequences in Japanese non-institutional interactions. Employing Conversation Analysis, this study reveals that interactants, after they reach an agreement on a proffered opinion, may collaboratively enact a particular character in a hypothetical scenario to substantiate an agreed matter and elaborate their agreement. Such hypothetical enactments are categorised into two distinct types. In the first type, interactants enact a collective figure of a certain social category that the interactants belong to. In this case, enactments are provided as something that can happen in the future or could have happened in the past. In the second type, interactants enact an imaginary character in a completely fictitious scenario as a collaborative joke-telling. This study argues that Japanese hypothetical enactment is a resource with which interactants demonstrate and enhance a level of mutual agreement on a particular subject matter in their ongoing interaction.
{"title":"Hypothetical enactment as a resource for elaborating agreement in Japanese talk-in-interaction","authors":"Y. Arita","doi":"10.1558/eap.17771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/eap.17771","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores hypothetical enactments appearing subsequent to agreement sequences in Japanese non-institutional interactions. Employing Conversation Analysis, this study reveals that interactants, after they reach an agreement on a proffered opinion, may collaboratively enact a particular character in a hypothetical scenario to substantiate an agreed matter and elaborate their agreement. Such hypothetical enactments are categorised into two distinct types. In the first type, interactants enact a collective figure of a certain social category that the interactants belong to. In this case, enactments are provided as something that can happen in the future or could have happened in the past. In the second type, interactants enact an imaginary character in a completely fictitious scenario as a collaborative joke-telling. This study argues that Japanese hypothetical enactment is a resource with which interactants demonstrate and enhance a level of mutual agreement on a particular subject matter in their ongoing interaction.","PeriodicalId":37018,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Pragmatics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43547999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mitigation is one of the central topics in research on pragmatics and discourse analysis. Nevertheless, some questions about its description remain. In addition, if most of the research on mitigation concerns occidental languages, its description could be conditioned by a Eurocentric perspective. It would be necessary, therefore, to adopt a broader perspective to verify the universality of this category and how it works. Consequently, it is essential to promote research on mitigation in other languages, such as, for example, Chinese. In order to do so, the aim of this work is to present a literature review of mitigation in the Chinese language. The review includes not only the results of such studies, but also their methodology because it aims to achieve two secondary goals: to highlight which aspects of mitigation in Chinese need to be reviewed or studied in more depth, and to identify what methodological aspects should be taken into consideration to achieve the desired results. The studies reviewed are divided into three subtopics: mitigation research in speech acts studies, mitigation research in specific communicative contexts, and, finally, studies about specific mitigation resources.
{"title":"Research on mitigation in the Chinese language","authors":"Maria Querol-Bataller","doi":"10.1558/eap.18721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/eap.18721","url":null,"abstract":"Mitigation is one of the central topics in research on pragmatics and discourse analysis. Nevertheless, some questions about its description remain. In addition, if most of the research on mitigation concerns occidental languages, its description could be conditioned by a Eurocentric perspective. It would be necessary, therefore, to adopt a broader perspective to verify the universality of this category and how it works. Consequently, it is essential to promote research on mitigation in other languages, such as, for example, Chinese. In order to do so, the aim of this work is to present a literature review of mitigation in the Chinese language. The review includes not only the results of such studies, but also their methodology because it aims to achieve two secondary goals: to highlight which aspects of mitigation in Chinese need to be reviewed or studied in more depth, and to identify what methodological aspects should be taken into consideration to achieve the desired results. The studies reviewed are divided into three subtopics: mitigation research in speech acts studies, mitigation research in specific communicative contexts, and, finally, studies about specific mitigation resources.","PeriodicalId":37018,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Pragmatics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48622645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the discourse and sequential roles of the response token kuleh-kwuna (‘I see’) in ordinary Korean conversation using the conversation analytic (CA) approach. Regarding closing sequences in English conversation, studies have shown less-abrupt ways of closing a topic by using figurative expressions, response tokens indicating shift-implicativeness and assessment (Beach, 1993; Drew & Holt, 1998; Goodwin & Goodwin,1992; Jefferson, 1984). In line with these studies on closing sequences, and furthering the previous studies of the sentence-ending suffix-kwuna, this article argues that Korean speakers often use the response token kuleh-kwuna as a resource to close a topic of conversation less abruptly. A speaker’s complete understanding of the received information and the implication of not needing further information indexed by kuleh-kwuna provide a suitable environment in which speakers can move on to the next sequence of a conversation.
{"title":"response token as an interactional resource for topic closing in Korean conversation","authors":"Kyoungmi Ha","doi":"10.1558/eap.17828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/eap.17828","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the discourse and sequential roles of the response token kuleh-kwuna (‘I see’) in ordinary Korean conversation using the conversation analytic (CA) approach. Regarding closing sequences in English conversation, studies have shown less-abrupt ways of closing a topic by using figurative expressions, response tokens indicating shift-implicativeness and assessment (Beach, 1993; Drew & Holt, 1998; Goodwin & Goodwin,1992; Jefferson, 1984). In line with these studies on closing sequences, and furthering the previous studies of the sentence-ending suffix-kwuna, this article argues that Korean speakers often use the response token kuleh-kwuna as a resource to close a topic of conversation less abruptly. A speaker’s complete understanding of the received information and the implication of not needing further information indexed by kuleh-kwuna provide a suitable environment in which speakers can move on to the next sequence of a conversation.","PeriodicalId":37018,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Pragmatics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43932485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article aims to shed new light on our understanding of the role of clause-order choice in conditionals by presenting an account of the construction of postposed -myen sentences in Korean. The article argues, unlike Lee (1996), that speakers of Korean have a choice of clause order in conditionals in spoken discourse, and they are motivated to postpose the -myen clauses for diverse discourse-functional reasons, such as to make the discourse structure and flow smooth, interactive, and coherent to the hearer. This study strongly implies that conditionals should be understood in the context of a dynamic interaction between the speaker and the hearer in the flow of discourse as their syntactic form interacts with diverse dynamic discourse factors.
{"title":"Conditionals and clause order","authors":"Chang-bong Lee","doi":"10.1558/eap.18263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/eap.18263","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to shed new light on our understanding of the role of clause-order choice in conditionals by presenting an account of the construction of postposed -myen sentences in Korean. The article argues, unlike Lee (1996), that speakers of Korean have a choice of clause order in conditionals in spoken discourse, and they are motivated to postpose the -myen clauses for diverse discourse-functional reasons, such as to make the discourse structure and flow smooth, interactive, and coherent to the hearer. This study strongly implies that conditionals should be understood in the context of a dynamic interaction between the speaker and the hearer in the flow of discourse as their syntactic form interacts with diverse dynamic discourse factors.","PeriodicalId":37018,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Pragmatics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42003601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Korean discourse marker sasilsang, literally ‘in fact’, developed from the Sino-Korean nouns sasil ‘truth, fact’ and sang ‘top’ as a compound. Unlike its original meaning making reference to religious truth, its later meanings are concerned with reference to reality, hidden reality, etc. The hidden reality meaning prompted the word’s development into a discourse marker as a signal to indicate the surprising nature of the information to be presented. Interestingly, hidden reality is often the speaker’s interpretive reality rather than objective reality. The strategic use of the discourse marker engendered such discursive functions as marking common-ground solicitation, pause-filling, hesitance, and politeness, among others. The development of the discourse marker can be characterised as an instance of subjectification and intersubjectification. The oft-cited peripheral asymmetry, however, cannot be confirmed by the development of the discourse marker sasilsang.
{"title":"From truth to reality to effect","authors":"Seongha Rhee","doi":"10.1558/EAP.20897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/EAP.20897","url":null,"abstract":"The Korean discourse marker sasilsang, literally ‘in fact’, developed from the Sino-Korean nouns sasil ‘truth, fact’ and sang ‘top’ as a compound. Unlike its original meaning making reference to religious truth, its later meanings are concerned with reference to reality, hidden reality, etc. The hidden reality meaning prompted the word’s development into a discourse marker as a signal to indicate the surprising nature of the information to be presented. Interestingly, hidden reality is often the speaker’s interpretive reality rather than objective reality. The strategic use of the discourse marker engendered such discursive functions as marking common-ground solicitation, pause-filling, hesitance, and politeness, among others. The development of the discourse marker can be characterised as an instance of subjectification and intersubjectification. The oft-cited peripheral asymmetry, however, cannot be confirmed by the development of the discourse marker sasilsang.","PeriodicalId":37018,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Pragmatics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43448448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article discusses shishishang in Mandarin Chinese with three major objectives: (1) to describe the diachronic grammaticalisation process of shishishang from an adverbial phrase to a discourse marker based on the CCL corpus; (2) to investigate the structural and semantic properties of shishishang in Mandarin Chinese; and (3) to analyse the discourse-pragmatic functions of the discourse marker shishishang focusing on its ideational, textual, and interpersonal functions. With the method of corpus retrieval and sorting, this article finds that shishishang, as a discourse marker, has three kinds of functions: semantic connection, textual cohesion, and interpersonal function, which originate from its diachronic development.
{"title":"Diachronic change and synchronic variation of the Chinese discourse marker shishishang","authors":"Xiao He","doi":"10.1558/EAP.20945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/EAP.20945","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses shishishang in Mandarin Chinese with three major objectives: (1) to describe the diachronic grammaticalisation process of shishishang from an adverbial phrase to a discourse marker based on the CCL corpus; (2) to investigate the structural and semantic properties of shishishang in Mandarin Chinese; and (3) to analyse the discourse-pragmatic functions of the discourse marker shishishang focusing on its ideational, textual, and interpersonal functions. With the method of corpus retrieval and sorting, this article finds that shishishang, as a discourse marker, has three kinds of functions: semantic connection, textual cohesion, and interpersonal function, which originate from its diachronic development.","PeriodicalId":37018,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Pragmatics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46702312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the development of the hybrid noun phrase sonojitsu (‘that fact, its fact’) to a discourse marker (DM) ‘in fact, in reality, as a matter of fact’ in the history of Japanese. We examined the history of sonojitsu, drawing on various corpora, databases, and dictionaries. The findings are summarised as follows: (1) sonojitsu was sporadically used as a noun phrase mainly attached to an accusative marker or a topic marker until the early 18th century; (2) the zero-marked sonojitsu began to be used as a DM of adversativity from the early 18th century; (3) throughout its history, the DM sonojitsu typically occurs in sentence-medial and clause-initial position, serving an adversative relationship between two clauses; (4) throughout its history, the DM sonojitsu is often used redundantly with a preceding expression of adversativity.
{"title":"emergence of the discourse marker sonojitsu ‘in fact’ in Japanese","authors":"Yuko Higashiizumi, Keiko Takahashi","doi":"10.1558/EAP.20996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/EAP.20996","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the development of the hybrid noun phrase sonojitsu (‘that fact, its fact’) to a discourse marker (DM) ‘in fact, in reality, as a matter of fact’ in the history of Japanese. We examined the history of sonojitsu, drawing on various corpora, databases, and dictionaries. The findings are summarised as follows: (1) sonojitsu was sporadically used as a noun phrase mainly attached to an accusative marker or a topic marker until the early 18th century; (2) the zero-marked sonojitsu began to be used as a DM of adversativity from the early 18th century; (3) throughout its history, the DM sonojitsu typically occurs in sentence-medial and clause-initial position, serving an adversative relationship between two clauses; (4) throughout its history, the DM sonojitsu is often used redundantly with a preceding expression of adversativity.","PeriodicalId":37018,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Pragmatics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41727510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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