Pragmatics: A Slim Guide by Betty J. Birner (2021)Oxford University Press
语用学:一个苗条的指南贝蒂J.伯纳(2021)牛津大学出版社
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Subjective falsity, or speaker’s belief that a statement is false, has been argued by philosophers to be the necessary condition for a lie. Results from an empirical study with English (Coleman and Kay, 1981), Arabic (Cole, 1996) and Spanish speakers (Hardin, 2010) support the philosophers’ argument. Indonesians, however, perceive objective falsity as the most important element to define a lie (Adha, 2020). This led us to repeat the investigation with Mandarin Chinese speakers. We wanted to know, first, if the Chinese word huanghuà “lie” covered the three prototypical elements of lie as suggested by Coleman and Kay. And what is the most important element for Mandarin Chinese speakers in a prototypical lie? Secondly, how do Chinese people demonstrate the categorisation and the evaluation of lying compared to the speakers of other languages. We found that Mandarin Chinese speakers also consider objective falsity as the strongest element. However, Mandarin Chinese speakers perceive intention to be a stronger element to determine whether a story contains a lie or not compared to Indonesians.
{"title":"The analysis of perception of lying by Mandarin Chinese speakers","authors":"Ahmad Adha, Xiao-yu Li","doi":"10.1558/eap.20772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/eap.20772","url":null,"abstract":"Subjective falsity, or speaker’s belief that a statement is false, has been argued by philosophers to be the necessary condition for a lie. Results from an empirical study with English (Coleman and Kay, 1981), Arabic (Cole, 1996) and Spanish speakers (Hardin, 2010) support the philosophers’ argument. Indonesians, however, perceive objective falsity as the most important element to define a lie (Adha, 2020). This led us to repeat the investigation with Mandarin Chinese speakers. We wanted to know, first, if the Chinese word huanghuà “lie” covered the three prototypical elements of lie as suggested by Coleman and Kay. And what is the most important element for Mandarin Chinese speakers in a prototypical lie? Secondly, how do Chinese people demonstrate the categorisation and the evaluation of lying compared to the speakers of other languages. We found that Mandarin Chinese speakers also consider objective falsity as the strongest element. However, Mandarin Chinese speakers perceive intention to be a stronger element to determine whether a story contains a lie or not compared to Indonesians.","PeriodicalId":37018,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Pragmatics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43103928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates whether the taxonomies of presupposition triggers, as proposed by Levinson (1983) for the English language, are applicable in Chinese-language contexts and whether any Chinese linguistic devices can be found to operate as presupposition carriers that do not easily fit Levinson’s categories. Furthermore, to explore how presuppositions function as implicit tools when it comes to shaping frames of interpretation, we analyse their use in Chinese official press narratives about the Sino-US trade conflict from March to December 2018. Findings demonstrate that most of the English-language triggers are also salient in the Chinese language. Moreover, other specific Chinese presupposition-carrying devices are discussed as well. Above all, the analysis illustrates how presuppositions fulfil various roles in the communication exchange. In a sensitive context, such as the present Sino-US trade conflict, backgrounded information in the guise of presuppositions constitutes a potentially powerful tool to influence audience uptake.
{"title":"On the mechanisms of presuppositions in Chinese media narratives about the Sino-US trade conflict","authors":"Ying Xu, Lut Lams","doi":"10.1558/eap.19566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/eap.19566","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates whether the taxonomies of presupposition triggers, as proposed by Levinson (1983) for the English language, are applicable in Chinese-language contexts and whether any Chinese linguistic devices can be found to operate as presupposition carriers that do not easily fit Levinson’s categories. Furthermore, to explore how presuppositions function as implicit tools when it comes to shaping frames of interpretation, we analyse their use in Chinese official press narratives about the Sino-US trade conflict from March to December 2018. Findings demonstrate that most of the English-language triggers are also salient in the Chinese language. Moreover, other specific Chinese presupposition-carrying devices are discussed as well. Above all, the analysis illustrates how presuppositions fulfil various roles in the communication exchange. In a sensitive context, such as the present Sino-US trade conflict, backgrounded information in the guise of presuppositions constitutes a potentially powerful tool to influence audience uptake.","PeriodicalId":37018,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Pragmatics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44989806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article explores how participants respond to compliments in Japanese everyday interactions. Even though compliments and responses (C-R) make a well-established format that contains a relatively high degree of fixedness and social and temporal restrictions, examinations of video-recorded Japanese conversation data show that a compliment recipient (Rt) handles a compliment delivered by a compliment giver (Gv) in a range of creative uses of language and the body. Focusing on negative responses that often start with iyaiya “no no”, we show that, in addition to formulaic responses, an Rt may add creative comments and/or perform embodied actions to partially accept the compliment or shift the perspective of the compliment. In short, Japanese speakers’ responses to compliments are much more creative and nuanced than previously assumed.
{"title":"Creativity in compliment responses in Japanese everyday talk","authors":"Ryoko Suzuki","doi":"10.1558/eap.24313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/eap.24313","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores how participants respond to compliments in Japanese everyday interactions. Even though compliments and responses (C-R) make a well-established format that contains a relatively high degree of fixedness and social and temporal restrictions, examinations of video-recorded Japanese conversation data show that a compliment recipient (Rt) handles a compliment delivered by a compliment giver (Gv) in a range of creative uses of language and the body. Focusing on negative responses that often start with iyaiya “no no”, we show that, in addition to formulaic responses, an Rt may add creative comments and/or perform embodied actions to partially accept the compliment or shift the perspective of the compliment. In short, Japanese speakers’ responses to compliments are much more creative and nuanced than previously assumed.","PeriodicalId":37018,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Pragmatics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47795933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Creative language use has been one of the foundational issues for much of modern linguistics. For example, Chomsky’s (1957, 1965) generative programme rests crucially on the notion of the creative aspect of language use (along with the notion of the alleged poverty of stimulus, McGilvray, 2001) as he defines them. Thus, Chomsky (1965, p. 6) articulates the theoretical interest of generative grammar in terms of an underlying grammatical device for diverse ranges and novel situations of language production and comprehension, in the realm of performance:
{"title":"The pragmatics of creative language use in East Asian languages","authors":"H. Tao, Ryoko Suzuki","doi":"10.1558/eap.24315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/eap.24315","url":null,"abstract":"Creative language use has been one of the foundational issues for much of modern linguistics. For example, Chomsky’s (1957, 1965) generative programme rests crucially on the notion of the creative aspect of language use (along with the notion of the alleged poverty of stimulus, McGilvray, 2001) as he defines them. Thus, Chomsky (1965, p. 6) articulates the theoretical interest of generative grammar in terms of an underlying grammatical device for diverse ranges and novel situations of language production and comprehension, in the realm of performance:","PeriodicalId":37018,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Pragmatics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47782260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study adopts virtual ethnography and discourse analysis to investigate celebrification in product promotion videos created by microcelebrities based in Taiwan. To explore the communicative functions of celebrification practices, in particular how product features motivate novel practices, this study focuses on three interrelated levels of analysis on videos and viewers’ comments collected from the microcelebrities’ YouTube channels. First, it examines how microcelebrities use multimodal resources to describe products and advertise them. It then analyses how microcelebrities present themselves via celebrification practices to project images suitable for product brands. It also examines viewers’ comments in response to microcelebrities’ self-presentation and celebrification strategies. It is argued that celebrification in product promotion videos constitutes a creative means of communication for microcelebrities to craft a self according to product features (Goffman, 1959). By highlighting salient aspects of their characters or personas, microcelebrities demonstrate their competence related to promoting products and social protocol.
{"title":"Celebrification and viewer interaction in microcelebrities’ product promotion videos","authors":"C. Hsiao","doi":"10.1558/eap.23827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/eap.23827","url":null,"abstract":"This study adopts virtual ethnography and discourse analysis to investigate celebrification in product promotion videos created by microcelebrities based in Taiwan. To explore the communicative functions of celebrification practices, in particular how product features motivate novel practices, this study focuses on three interrelated levels of analysis on videos and viewers’ comments collected from the microcelebrities’ YouTube channels. First, it examines how microcelebrities use multimodal resources to describe products and advertise them. It then analyses how microcelebrities present themselves via celebrification practices to project images suitable for product brands. It also examines viewers’ comments in response to microcelebrities’ self-presentation and celebrification strategies. It is argued that celebrification in product promotion videos constitutes a creative means of communication for microcelebrities to craft a self according to product features (Goffman, 1959). By highlighting salient aspects of their characters or personas, microcelebrities demonstrate their competence related to promoting products and social protocol.","PeriodicalId":37018,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Pragmatics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45021444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines how creativity is jointly achieved in playful Japanese conversations, focusing on dialogicality in language form, meaning and the speaker’s agency. The analysis employs “dialogic syntax” and “stancetaking” as the theoretical frameworks of dialogicality and shows that dialogic engagement in talk-in-interaction engenders resonance, creating both similarities and contrasts in parallel structure across utterances. This study points out that such differentiations come from distinctive social actors situated in the indexical field of social life. Injecting stancetaking into dialogic syntax makes it possible to explicitly address the dialogic creation of socially meaningful language reproduction in tandem with constructing the stancetaker’s agency. Moreover, dialogic syntax and stancetaking shed important light on how a playful utterance creates priming effects, prepatterning the subsequent language reproduction in resonance, and prompting stancetakers’ affect to voluntarily contribute something new, engaging with the prior utterances, which develops the play framing activity and enhances shared pleasure.
{"title":"Language reproduction and coordinated agency through resonant play","authors":"H. Takanashi","doi":"10.1558/eap.23676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/eap.23676","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines how creativity is jointly achieved in playful Japanese conversations, focusing on dialogicality in language form, meaning and the speaker’s agency. The analysis employs “dialogic syntax” and “stancetaking” as the theoretical frameworks of dialogicality and shows that dialogic engagement in talk-in-interaction engenders resonance, creating both similarities and contrasts in parallel structure across utterances. This study points out that such differentiations come from distinctive social actors situated in the indexical field of social life. Injecting stancetaking into dialogic syntax makes it possible to explicitly address the dialogic creation of socially meaningful language reproduction in tandem with constructing the stancetaker’s agency. Moreover, dialogic syntax and stancetaking shed important light on how a playful utterance creates priming effects, prepatterning the subsequent language reproduction in resonance, and prompting stancetakers’ affect to voluntarily contribute something new, engaging with the prior utterances, which develops the play framing activity and enhances shared pleasure.","PeriodicalId":37018,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Pragmatics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41800563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
From a conversation-analytic perspective, this article describes how “creative” formulation of resonance is effectuated through dialogic engagement in Korean conversation. It examines various forms of word play and categorisation work accomplished from dialogically engaging a prior utterance, whose features are reproduced in the subsequent utterance, such that resonance arises in an array of “creative” co-construction of adjoined utterances (e.g. in creating playful word play, empathic uptake or a sonorous repetition indexing allusive stance and heightened affect). Syllabic matching figures saliently in this process, shaping resonant sound sequences whose patterning endows talk with “poetic” qualities, sometimes bearing on the organisation of sequence and topic. The findings indicate that the syllable-matching practice furnishes Korean speakers with the means to accomplish “doing being creative” in organising recognisable actions and an undercurrent of flow of talk, through having the dialogical potential of a prior utterance maximally tested, explored and expanded on in syllabic terms.
{"title":"Syllabically matched resonance in sound and category","authors":"Kyu-hyun Kim","doi":"10.1558/eap.23404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/eap.23404","url":null,"abstract":"From a conversation-analytic perspective, this article describes how “creative” formulation of resonance is effectuated through dialogic engagement in Korean conversation. It examines various forms of word play and categorisation work accomplished from dialogically engaging a prior utterance, whose features are reproduced in the subsequent utterance, such that resonance arises in an array of “creative” co-construction of adjoined utterances (e.g. in creating playful word play, empathic uptake or a sonorous repetition indexing allusive stance and heightened affect). Syllabic matching figures saliently in this process, shaping resonant sound sequences whose patterning endows talk with “poetic” qualities, sometimes bearing on the organisation of sequence and topic. The findings indicate that the syllable-matching practice furnishes Korean speakers with the means to accomplish “doing being creative” in organising recognisable actions and an undercurrent of flow of talk, through having the dialogical potential of a prior utterance maximally tested, explored and expanded on in syllabic terms.","PeriodicalId":37018,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Pragmatics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42741696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Impoliteness has thrust itself onto the centre stage of politeness research as well as the general area of pragmatics. Attention has been given, in recent decades, to various aspects of impoliteness: how it is linguistically and pragmatically realised, in what speech situations it is found, and by whom it is (or should be) evaluated. However, there has not been much explicit discussion in the literature on why speakers would choose to be impolite, although the functions of specific instances of impoliteness are frequently discussed. In this paper, I propose that impoliteness is largely motivated by self-politeness.
{"title":"Why impolite","authors":"Rong Chen","doi":"10.1558/eap.22026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/eap.22026","url":null,"abstract":"Impoliteness has thrust itself onto the centre stage of politeness research as well as the general area of pragmatics. Attention has been given, in recent decades, to various aspects of impoliteness: how it is linguistically and pragmatically realised, in what speech situations it is found, and by whom it is (or should be) evaluated. However, there has not been much explicit discussion in the literature on why speakers would choose to be impolite, although the functions of specific instances of impoliteness are frequently discussed. In this paper, I propose that impoliteness is largely motivated by self-politeness.","PeriodicalId":37018,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Pragmatics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49080930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Pragmatics of Adaptability by Daniel N. Silva & Jacob L. MeyJohn Benjamins Publishing Company
丹尼尔·N·席尔瓦和雅各布·L·梅约翰·本杰明出版公司的《适应性实用主义》
{"title":"The Pragmatics of Adaptability by Daniel N. Silva & Jacob L. Mey","authors":"Jinlong Yang, Yuanyuan Wang","doi":"10.1558/eap.22876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/eap.22876","url":null,"abstract":"The Pragmatics of Adaptability by Daniel N. Silva & Jacob L. MeyJohn Benjamins Publishing Company","PeriodicalId":37018,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Pragmatics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45764233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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