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Assessing the effectiveness of automated email marketing campaign to retain customer loyalty 评估自动电子邮件营销活动的有效性,以保持客户忠诚度
Pub Date : 2022-08-25 DOI: 10.31580/jmi.v9i1.2619
Nur ‘Atiqah Farihah Binti Shifhuddin
In this research project, researcher will be explained about assessing the effectiveness of automated email marketing campaign in order to retain customer loyalty. The purposes of this research are to examine the effectiveness of automated email marketing campaign and to investigate the reasons why it can retain customer loyalty. The methodology chose by researcher is quantitative research where the survey will be conducted to collect data that will be extract to perform mathematical techniques. The data collected will be identified regarding the effectiveness of automated email marketing campaign to retain customer loyalty and analysed using SmartPLS software. The results gain from this research is there will be a reason on why automated email marketing campaign is chose in order to retain customer loyalty. In addition, result also revealed that the variables used in effective automated email marketing campaign will gives difference data towards on how it can retain customer loyalty and it shows that the frequency and outstanding content have relationship between the customer loyalty. However, relevant database has no relationship between the customer loyalty. The implications and limitation will be explained further in conclusion.
在这个研究项目中,研究人员将被解释如何评估自动电子邮件营销活动的有效性,以保持客户的忠诚度。本研究的目的是检查自动电子邮件营销活动的有效性,并调查为什么它可以保持客户忠诚度的原因。研究人员选择的方法是定量研究,其中调查将进行收集数据,将提取执行数学技术。收集的数据将被确定为自动电子邮件营销活动的有效性,以保持客户忠诚度,并使用SmartPLS软件进行分析。从这项研究中获得的结果是,为什么选择自动电子邮件营销活动以保持客户忠诚度,这将是一个原因。此外,结果还揭示了有效的自动化电子邮件营销活动中使用的变量将对如何保持客户忠诚度给出不同的数据,并表明频率和优秀的内容之间存在客户忠诚度的关系。然而,相关数据库与客户忠诚度之间没有关系。其含义和局限性将在结论中进一步解释。
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引用次数: 0
Implementation total quality management (TQM) to determine competitive advantage in small and medium enterprise (SME) 实施全面质量管理(TQM)决定中小企业的竞争优势
Pub Date : 2022-08-25 DOI: 10.31580/jmi.v9i1.2614
Che Ahmad Anwar Bin Che Husain
The implementation of total quality management (TQM) always concerned by top management within organization. TQM are crucial elements in Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) sector due to it aimed to improve competitive advantage of organization. This research is aimed to explore the relationship between TQM and competitive advantage within SME sector of Malaysia. Quantitative research is used to conduct this research. Therefore, questionnaires would be distributed to the executive management level or above within SME organization in Malaysia randomly. The sample size is 124 respondent SMEs Malaysia. Smart-PLS are the software used to analyse the data gathering from respondents. The result of analysis shown that total quality management (TQM) has a significant positive impact to competitive advantage. Therefore, this research is expected to provide deep understanding regarding TQM and competitive advantage for the SME industry within Malaysia and acts as reference to future researchers.
全面质量管理(TQM)的实施一直是组织最高管理者关注的问题。全面质量管理旨在提高企业的竞争优势,是中小企业管理的重要组成部分。本研究旨在探讨全面质量管理与马来西亚中小企业竞争优势之间的关系。本研究采用定量研究方法。因此,调查问卷将随机分发到马来西亚中小企业组织的行政管理级别或以上。样本量为124家马来西亚中小企业。Smart-PLS是用于分析从受访者收集的数据的软件。分析结果表明,全面质量管理(TQM)对企业的竞争优势具有显著的正向影响。因此,本研究有望为马来西亚中小企业提供关于TQM和竞争优势的深入理解,并为未来的研究者提供参考。
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引用次数: 0
The role of incentives on improving performance of human resources in Nesma holding company in Saudi Arabia 激励对沙特Nesma控股公司人力资源绩效提升的作用
Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.31580/jmi.v9i1.2474
Nahd Yahya Ali Aladeeb, Sanil S Hishan
The importance of incentives lies in their effect on human behaviour, as it is considered an important factor in improving the performance of employees, and this study aims to identify the role of material and moral incentives on the performance of the human resource in Nesma Holding Company in Jeddah. We have relied on the descriptive and analytical approach in the theoretical side; where the study sample consisted of 60 workers in Nesma Holding Company, 60 questionnaires were distributed to the workers of the company, and they were completely retrieved. In conclusion, the results show that having appropriate materials and moral incentives, and good training can have a significant impact on employee motivation, knowledge and job performance.
激励的重要性在于其对人类行为的影响,因为它被认为是提高员工绩效的重要因素,本研究旨在确定物质激励和道德激励对吉达Nesma控股公司人力资源绩效的作用。在理论方面,我们依赖于描述和分析的方法;其中研究样本为Nesma控股公司60名员工,向该公司员工发放60份问卷,并全部收回。综上所述,研究结果表明,适当的物质激励和道德激励以及良好的培训对员工的动机、知识和工作绩效都有显著的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of foreign direct investment on economy, environment, technology, productivity and energy of the countries 外国直接投资对各国经济、环境、技术、生产力和能源的影响
Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.31580/jmi.v9i1.2475
Arian Amidi, S. Hishan
In today's world, attracting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is one of the essential tasks of governments. But what effect will the absorption of Foreign Direct Investment have on that society? Based on the review of 18 articles, the researcher has categorized these effects into the following 5 factors. These factors belong to Economy, Environment, Technology, Productivity, and Energy. Following the results of previous studies, the impacts of the five factors mentioned on communities in the effect of FDI are reviewed. The Boolean search methodology is chosen as the methodology, also the finding of the researcher is mentioned in the paragraphs below. FDI not only aids in the development of this industry, but it also has a substantial impact on the micro and macro levels. FDI has a favorable impact on the growth rate of per capita GDP. In addition, the African continent saw significant economic expansion. The impact of financial systems may explain why developing-country correlations are low while developed-country saving-investment correlations are strong. the impact of GDP and energy usage on Carbon dioxide emissions are significant, whereas the impact of FDI on Carbon dioxide emissions is positive but minor. Industrial SO2 emissions will increase by 0.098 percent for every 1% growth in FDI capital stock. FDI rising emissions in middle-income countries in the near term while reduces them in high-income nations. FDI from TMH areas has a substantial beneficial influence on the productivity of the wood products industry at the industrial level. On energy consumption, FDI revealed a negative scale impact, a structural effect, and a positive technical impact. In the end, the impact of foreign direct investment on worker productivity is positive. The researcher recommends that politicians make every effort to improve their country's political and judicial conditions to attract more FDI to their countries.
在当今世界,吸引外国直接投资(FDI)是各国政府的基本任务之一。但是吸收外国直接投资对这个社会有什么影响呢?基于对18篇文章的回顾,研究人员将这些影响分为以下5个因素。这些因素分别属于经济、环境、技术、生产力和能源。根据前人的研究结果,本文回顾了上述五个因素在FDI效应中对社区的影响。布尔搜索方法被选择为方法论,研究者的发现也在下面的段落中提到。外国直接投资不仅有助于该行业的发展,而且在微观和宏观层面都有实质性的影响。FDI对人均GDP的增长率有有利的影响。此外,非洲大陆的经济显著扩张。金融体系的影响可以解释为什么发展中国家的相关性较低,而发达国家的储蓄-投资相关性很强。国内生产总值和能源使用对二氧化碳排放的影响是显著的,而外国直接投资对二氧化碳排放的影响是积极的,但较小。外商直接投资存量每增长1%,工业二氧化硫排放量将增加0.098%。短期内,外国直接投资增加了中等收入国家的排放量,而减少了高收入国家的排放量。来自TMH地区的外国直接投资在工业层面上对木制品工业的生产率产生了实质性的有益影响。在能源消费方面,FDI呈现负向规模效应、结构性效应和正向技术效应。最后,外国直接投资对工人生产率的影响是积极的。研究者建议政治家们尽一切努力改善他们国家的政治和司法条件,以吸引更多的外国直接投资到他们的国家。
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引用次数: 0
An assessment of central banking on unemployment and poverty: The case of Nigeria 中央银行对失业和贫困的评估:以尼日利亚为例
Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.31580/jmi.v9i1.2486
P. Eke
This paper assesses the impact of Central Bank monetary policies on living standards in Nigeria from 1980 to 2017, using eclectic regression techniques. The outcome reveals that unemployment growth is positively sensitive to policy rates and money supply. Per capita income is negatively sensitive to police rate, which suggests that policies do not address structural weaknesses that influence rapid price variations. The study thus fails to reject the hypothesis that Central Banking policies may be accentuating unemployment and poverty in Nigeria. The paper recommends low policy rate possibly at the middle of single digit; an indexed-wage system; and stoppage of money supply through ways and means.
本文使用折衷回归技术评估了1980年至2017年中央银行货币政策对尼日利亚生活水平的影响。结果表明,失业率增长对政策利率和货币供应正敏感。人均收入对警察费率负敏感,这表明政策没有解决影响价格快速变化的结构性弱点。因此,该研究未能拒绝央行政策可能加剧尼日利亚失业和贫困的假设。该报告建议将政策利率维持在个位数的中间水平;指数化工资制度;并通过各种途径停止货币供应。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of emotional labor on customer satisfaction: The study of multiple moderators in hospitality industry of Pakistan 情绪劳动对顾客满意的影响:巴基斯坦酒店业多调节因子的研究
Pub Date : 2022-03-26 DOI: 10.31580/jmi.v8i4.2097
Kamran Ghaffar, Mubbasher Munir, Osama Aziz, Noman Arshed
Emotional labor is the foremost focus for both academicians and practitioners of human resource management from the last two decades. It has become mandatory job for service workers to create, sustain and construct progressive emotional state with customer throughout service encounter process. Different emotional labor strategies execute by service worker capitulate diverse outcomes, since customer may perceive them as fake, robotic or sincere. This study is discussing the relationship between emotional labor and customer satisfaction in the context of hospitality industry in Pakistan. The contemporary research portrays the effect of emotional labor on customer satisfaction by the role of three key moderators which are self-monitoring, co-worker support and customer satisfaction. The selected context is hotel industry of Pakistan which incorporates all five star hotels representing different provinces of country. Accumulated sample size comprises 185 respondents exemplifying front office department of all five star hotels of country. Multivariate data analysis techniques like exploratory factor analysis (EFA), cronbach's alpha and linear multiple regressions for moderators through Hayes process have been used to analyze the data. Data analysis postulates constructive set of findings. Results demonstrates that role of emotional labor is substantial in order to achieve customer satisfaction. Emotional labor is more effective due to deployment of three moderators which are self-monitoring, co-worker support and customer participation. Another noteworthy outcome of research is that, deep acting is more prone towards customer satisfaction in comparison with surface acting. Lastly, this study is dynamic for practitioners in hotel industry and provides valuable insight in this context. In the end limitations and future directions are made by researcher.
情绪劳动是近二十年来人力资源管理学术界和实践者关注的焦点。在整个服务接触过程中,如何创造、维持和构建与顾客之间渐进式的情感状态,已成为服务工作者的必由之路。服务人员执行不同的情绪劳动策略会产生不同的结果,因为客户可能会认为他们是假的、机器人的或真诚的。本研究以巴基斯坦酒店业为背景,探讨情绪劳动与顾客满意的关系。当前研究通过自我监控、同事支持和顾客满意三个关键调节因子来描述情绪劳动对顾客满意的影响。选定的背景是巴基斯坦的酒店业,其中包括代表该国不同省份的所有五星级酒店。累积的样本量包括185名受访者,以全国所有五星级酒店的前厅部为例。多变量数据分析技术,如探索性因子分析(EFA)、cronbach’s alpha和通过Hayes过程对调节因子进行线性多元回归分析。数据分析假定了一系列建设性的发现。结果表明,情绪劳动在实现顾客满意中起着重要的作用。情绪劳动由于自我监控、同事支持和客户参与这三个调节因子的部署而更加有效。另一个值得注意的研究结果是,深层表演比表层表演更容易产生顾客满意度。最后,本研究对酒店行业的从业者来说是动态的,并在这一背景下提供了有价值的见解。最后,提出了研究的局限性和未来发展方向。
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引用次数: 1
Supply chain management practice among small and medium manufacturing enterprises in Nigeria: Current state and implications 尼日利亚中小型制造企业的供应链管理实践:现状与启示
Pub Date : 2022-03-26 DOI: 10.31580/jmi.v8i4.2342
O. A. Ojubanire, Dorcas O. Popoola
The study evaluated supply chain management practices of SMMEs in selected locations in Nigeria. It also assessed the performance of SMMEs and determined the level of government assistance to SMMEs in Nigeria. A descriptive survey design was adopted for this study. A sample size of 295 respondents was selected using a simple random sampling technique out of a total population of 2,600 at the time of this study. A questionnaire was used to gather data for this research. The data collected was analyzed using frequencies and percentages, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson’s correlation. Results from the study showed that SMMEs had fairly good supplier integration (50.05%) and information sharing (55.3%) supply chain practices. Results further revealed that operational performance (59.30%) was high and quite satisfactory, while financial performance (51.50%) was a little over average. In addition, the government’s contribution and assistance to SMMEs were low. While suppliers’ integration (r = 0.051, p 0.05), information sharing (r = 0.052, p 0.05) and postponement (r = 0.98, p 0.05) had no significant effect on performance, the extent of outsourcing (r = 0.121, p 0.05) did. Results finally showed that government assistance (r = 0.61, p 0.05) has a positive and significant effect on supply chain management practices. The study concluded that suppliers’ integration and information sharing capabilities were fairly good among the entrepreneurs, the operational performance level among the entrepreneurs was high and satisfactory, and the government’s contribution to the growth of SMMEs was found to be significant, but generally low.
该研究评估了尼日利亚选定地点中小企业的供应链管理实践。它还评估了尼日利亚中小企业的业绩,并确定了政府对尼日利亚中小企业的援助水平。本研究采用描述性调查设计。本次研究采用简单的随机抽样技术,从2600人的总人口中选取了295人作为样本。本研究采用问卷调查的方式收集数据。收集的数据使用频率和百分比、平均值、标准差和Pearson相关进行分析。研究结果表明,中小企业的供应商整合(50.05%)和信息共享(55.3%)的供应链实践相当好。结果进一步显示,经营绩效(59.30%)较高,较为满意,财务绩效(51.50%)略高于平均水平。此外,政府对中小企业的贡献和援助也较低。供应商整合(r = 0.051, p 0.05)、信息共享(r = 0.052, p 0.05)和延期(r = 0.98, p 0.05)对绩效没有显著影响,而外包程度(r = 0.121, p 0.05)对绩效有显著影响。结果表明,政府援助对供应链管理实践具有显著的正向影响(r = 0.61, p 0.05)。研究发现,中小企业的供应商整合能力和信息共享能力较好,中小企业的经营绩效水平较高且令人满意,政府对中小企业成长的贡献显著,但普遍较低。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of logistics practice on organizational performance: In case of Kombolcha textile share company 物流实践对组织绩效的影响:以康伯查纺织股份公司为例
Pub Date : 2022-03-26 DOI: 10.31580/jmi.v8i4.2329
Amanuel Mengistu Hailu
Logistics is in charge of managing supply through serving customers from which a firm obtains cash. The purpose of this study was to assess the logistics practices and its effect on organizational performance in the case of kombolcha textile Share Company. This research is cross sectional and associational in design. So as to attain the objectives of the study, stratified sampling method were employed in order to get a precise sample size. Quantitative data gathered through Questionnaire were employed as a research instrument to collect primary data. The data was collected from 128 employees of the Company who are directly or indirectly involved in logistics activities. The data were analyzed using statistical package for social science version 20. Descriptive and Inferential statistics were made to describe each of the variables and to test the relationship and influence between independent and dependent variables. The result revealed that logistics dimensions: customer service, inventory management, supply management, transportation management, and warehouse management have highly practiced in the company. The identifying logistics practice dimensions have positive association with organizational performance and have significant influence on organizational performance in this research data set. Therefore; KTSC should take improvement actions in its way of managing logistics process to benefit from best logistics system.
物流负责通过服务客户来管理供应,企业从客户那里获得现金。本研究的目的是评估物流实践及其对康伯查纺织股份公司的组织绩效的影响。本研究在设计上具有横断面性和关联性。为了达到研究的目的,为了得到精确的样本量,我们采用了分层抽样的方法。通过问卷调查收集的定量数据作为研究工具来收集原始数据。这些数据是从公司128名直接或间接参与物流活动的员工中收集的。使用社会科学第20版统计软件包对数据进行分析。描述性统计和推理统计用于描述每个变量,并检验自变量和因变量之间的关系和影响。结果显示,物流维度:客户服务、库存管理、供应管理、运输管理和仓库管理在公司得到了高度的实践。在本研究数据集中,识别物流实践维度与组织绩效呈正相关,对组织绩效有显著影响。因此;KTSC应在物流过程管理方式上采取改进措施,以从最佳物流系统中获益。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of age diversity on organization performance at Kenya urban roads authority 年龄差异对肯尼亚城市道路管理机构组织绩效的影响
Pub Date : 2022-03-25 DOI: 10.31580/jmi.v8i4.1978
Appolonius Shitiabai Kembu, Wesang’ula Salome Nang’oni
The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of age diversity on organization performance at the Kenya Urban Roads Authority. The study was conducted at Kenya Urban Roads Authority (KURA) Headquarters, in Nairobi and the target population was all categories of employees of KURA. A descriptive research design was used in this study. The method employed was stratified random sampling. The population of the study was 150 and the sample size was 30% of the population which translated to 45 respondents. In order to collect data, structured questionnaires were issued to respondents. A pilot test was done to determine the questionnaire's validity and reliability. Data was analyzed through descriptive and inferential analysis. The multiple regression results showed that age diversity account for up to 41.3% of the variation in organizational performance of KURA. As a result, the study recommends the HR department of KURA to improve age diversity in the organization by increasing the rate of adoption of such practices as mixing the youthful employees' skill with high-tech instruments in order to assist older employees in improving their knowledge of current technologies encouraging the younger employees to take risks in order to contribute to the success of the authority and encouraging the older employees to mentor young employees in acquiring job skills.
本研究的目的是调查年龄多样性对肯尼亚城市道路管理局组织绩效的影响。这项研究是在内罗毕的肯尼亚城市道路管理局总部进行的,目标人口是肯尼亚城市道路管理局所有类别的雇员。本研究采用描述性研究设计。采用分层随机抽样方法。该研究的人口为150人,样本量为人口的30%,即45名受访者。为了收集数据,我们向受访者发放了结构化的问卷。为了确定问卷的效度和信度,我们做了一个先导测试。数据分析采用描述性和推断性分析。多元回归结果显示,年龄差异对库区组织绩效变异的贡献率高达41.3%。因此,本研究建议库务局人力资源部门提高组织的年龄多样性,通过增加采用诸如将年轻员工的技能与高科技工具相结合的做法,以帮助年长员工提高他们对当前技术的了解,鼓励年轻员工冒险,为权威的成功做出贡献,并鼓励年长员工指导年轻员工获得工作技能。
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引用次数: 0
Student performance evaluation between offline and online pedagogy: A critical analysis with possible suggestions 学生表现评估的离线和在线教学:批判性分析与可能的建议
Pub Date : 2022-03-25 DOI: 10.31580/jmi.v8i4.2080
Shamima Akter Shanta
This study develops a literature review and thereby critically analyses the student performance under online and offline teaching platforms. Online education has much popularity as the leading education instruction mostly during the outburst of COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, as of now different institutes in different countries provide education to the students through online pedagogy. For comparative review analysis, the researcher critically analyzed the current and related published papers in top indexed journals of ISIWOS & SCOPUS. Overall, the review analysis suggests combining online based teaching with current teaching trend and thereby employ the privileges of digital learning to explore teaching tactics for the stated learning  effectiveness. In particular, the existing relevant literature guides us that the student performance of online pedagogy is significantly better  than that of face-to-face platform. So, the medium of education can affect the student satisfaction that can eventually affect overall performance. Thus, the online academic process must be planned and executed with proper care. Thus, this study substantially promotes to profoundly reconsidering and modifying the underlying propositions of online pedagogy; and thereby design the decision of effective teaching pedagogy.
本研究通过文献综述,批判性地分析了线上和线下教学平台下学生的表现。在新冠肺炎疫情暴发期间,网络教育作为主导教育方式受到了广泛欢迎。因此,到目前为止,不同国家的不同学院通过在线教学为学生提供教育。为了进行比较综述分析,研究者批判性地分析了ISIWOS和SCOPUS顶级索引期刊当前发表的相关论文。总体而言,回顾分析建议将在线教学与当前的教学趋势相结合,从而利用数字学习的特权来探索教学策略,以达到所述的学习效果。特别是,现有的相关文献指导我们,在线教学的学生表现明显优于面对面的平台。因此,教育的媒介可以影响学生的满意度,最终影响整体表现。因此,在线学术过程必须精心规划和执行。因此,本研究实质上推动了对网络教育学基本命题的深刻反思和修正;从而设计出有效的教学决策。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Management Info
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