Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.1080/03621537.2023.2251853
Fabio Ricardi
AbstractOur experience of time is important for the quality of our life. Some psychological disorders, in their various forms, can be peculiar in that time is experienced as repetition. In contrast, in a healthy life, the future is viewed as something new and different from the present and the past. In successful psychotherapy, the patient changes their experience of time, which can be seen as an important sign of the therapy’s effectiveness. In this article, the author reflects on the value of repetition, which is generally regressive, although it may also be a repeated fight against an obstacle in an effort to overcome it. Reference is made to Eric Berne and to Robert and Mary Goulding and also to the author’s clinical work in order to highlight therapeutic interventions that may enable a change in how time is experienced in psychotherapy.Keywords: Repetitionchange in psychotherapyemotion theoryphenomenologypsychoanalysisEric BerneSigmund Freudtimescripttransactional analysis Disclosure statementThe author declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.Additional informationFundingThe author received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.Notes on contributorsFabio RicardiFabio Ricardi is a Teaching and Supervising Transactional Analyst (psychotherapy) in Milan, Italy, who works at Centro Berne in their Scuola di Specializzazione in Psicoterapia (psychotherapy specialization school) and as a psychotherapist with individuals, groups, and couples. He published Analisi Transazionale. Il sé e l'altro [Transactional Analysis: The Self and the Other] (Xenia, 1997) and L’esperienza del tempo [The Experience of Time] (Mimesis, 2018). He has also written several articles for Neopsiche Rivista di Analisi Transazionale e Scienze Umane, which is published by the Associazione Italiana di Analisi Transazionale (AIAT). Fabio can be reached at via F. Cilea 106, 20151, Milan, Italy; email: ricardifabio@gmail.com.
时间体验对我们的生活质量很重要。一些各种形式的心理障碍，在经历时间的重复时可能是特殊的。相反，在健康的生活中，未来被视为一种新的、不同于现在和过去的东西。在成功的心理治疗中，患者改变了他们对时间的体验，这可以被视为治疗有效性的一个重要标志。在这篇文章中，作者反思了重复的价值，它通常是倒退的，尽管它也可能是在努力克服障碍的过程中反复与障碍作斗争。参考了Eric Berne, Robert和Mary Goulding以及作者的临床工作，以强调治疗干预可能会改变心理治疗中体验时间的方式。关键词:重复心理治疗变化情绪理论现象学精神分析埃里克·伯恩西格蒙德·弗洛伊德时代手稿交易分析披露声明作者声明在本文的研究、作者身份和/或发表方面没有潜在的利益冲突。作者在研究、撰写和/或发表这篇文章时没有得到任何经济支持。fabio Ricardi是意大利米兰的一名教学和监督交易分析师(心理治疗)，他在Centro Berne的Scuola di Specializzazione的Psicoterapia(心理治疗专业学校)工作，是一名心理治疗师，为个人、团体和夫妻提供服务。他出版了《透视分析》。《交易分析:自我与他者》(Xenia出版社，1997)和《时间的体验》(Mimesis出版社，2018)。他还为意大利分析协会(AIAT)出版的《人类科学与分析新展望》(Neopsiche Rivista di Analisi Transazionale)撰写了几篇文章。可通过以下地址联系法比奥:意大利米兰，F. Cilea 106, 20151;电子邮件:ricardifabio@gmail.com。
{"title":"Time Changing: A Resource in Psychotherapy","authors":"Fabio Ricardi","doi":"10.1080/03621537.2023.2251853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03621537.2023.2251853","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractOur experience of time is important for the quality of our life. Some psychological disorders, in their various forms, can be peculiar in that time is experienced as repetition. In contrast, in a healthy life, the future is viewed as something new and different from the present and the past. In successful psychotherapy, the patient changes their experience of time, which can be seen as an important sign of the therapy’s effectiveness. In this article, the author reflects on the value of repetition, which is generally regressive, although it may also be a repeated fight against an obstacle in an effort to overcome it. Reference is made to Eric Berne and to Robert and Mary Goulding and also to the author’s clinical work in order to highlight therapeutic interventions that may enable a change in how time is experienced in psychotherapy.Keywords: Repetitionchange in psychotherapyemotion theoryphenomenologypsychoanalysisEric BerneSigmund Freudtimescripttransactional analysis Disclosure statementThe author declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.Additional informationFundingThe author received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.Notes on contributorsFabio RicardiFabio Ricardi is a Teaching and Supervising Transactional Analyst (psychotherapy) in Milan, Italy, who works at Centro Berne in their Scuola di Specializzazione in Psicoterapia (psychotherapy specialization school) and as a psychotherapist with individuals, groups, and couples. He published Analisi Transazionale. Il sé e l'altro [Transactional Analysis: The Self and the Other] (Xenia, 1997) and L’esperienza del tempo [The Experience of Time] (Mimesis, 2018). He has also written several articles for Neopsiche Rivista di Analisi Transazionale e Scienze Umane, which is published by the Associazione Italiana di Analisi Transazionale (AIAT). Fabio can be reached at via F. Cilea 106, 20151, Milan, Italy; email: ricardifabio@gmail.com.","PeriodicalId":37049,"journal":{"name":"Transactional Analysis Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135902417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.1080/03621537.2023.2252308
Moniek Thunnissen, Marian Timmermans
AbstractIn this article the authors share with a wider readership some of the core concepts from a book they published in Dutch about a transactional analysis perspective on the interactions between the organization and the individual in cases of burnout. Burnout has taken on epidemic proportions in the Western world. Some theories on burnout focus on individual vulnerabilities, whereas others suggest burnout is the fault of organizations. The authors combine the two approaches and view burnout as the result of interlocking scripts of individual and organization: two script circles intertwining to the detriment of both. They present an analysis and an action model with which organizations and individuals together can prevent burnout. Setting firm, clear boundaries is essential in this model.Keywords: Burnoutscript circlesinterlocking scriptsboundarieslimit settingtransactional analysisscript systems Disclosure statementThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.Additional informationFundingThe authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.Notes on contributorsMoniek ThunnissenMoniek Thunnissen, MD, PhD, is a psychiatrist and clinical Teaching and Supervising Transactional Analyst. She is a coeditor of the Transactional Analysis Journal and winner of the 2022 ITAA Research Award. Moniek can be reached at De Moerkens 4, 4614 GS Bergen op Zoom, The Netherlands; email: m.thunnissen@ziggo.nlMarian TimmermansMarian Timmermans, MA, is an executive coach, consultant, and organizational Teaching and Supervising Transactional Analyst. She teaches TA at the Dutch TA Academie and at the Berne Institute (UK) and is a member of the editorial board of the Transactional Analysis Journal. She can be reached at Maasheseweg 25, 5804 AA Venray, The Netherlands; mail@mariantimmermansconsult.nl.
在这篇文章中，作者与广大读者分享了他们在荷兰语出版的一本书中的一些核心概念，这本书是关于在倦怠情况下组织和个人之间相互作用的交易分析观点。在西方世界，职业倦怠已经成为一种流行病。一些关于职业倦怠的理论关注个人的脆弱性，而另一些理论则认为职业倦怠是组织的错。作者将这两种方法结合起来，认为职业倦怠是个人和组织的连锁脚本的结果:两个脚本循环交织在一起，对双方都有害。他们提出了一个分析和一个行动模型，组织和个人可以共同防止职业倦怠。在这种模式中，设定坚定、清晰的界限是至关重要的。关键词:燃尽脚本循环联锁脚本边界限制设置事务分析脚本系统披露声明作者声明在本文的研究、作者身份和/或发表方面没有潜在的利益冲突。作者没有获得研究、写作和/或发表这篇文章的经济支持。作者简介:moniek Thunnissen医学博士，精神科医生，临床教学和监督交易分析师。她是《交易分析杂志》的联合编辑，并获得了2022年ITAA研究奖。莫尼耶克地址:De Moerkens 44614 GS Bergen op Zoom，荷兰;email: m.thunnissen@ziggo.nlMarian Timmermans ian Timmermans, MA，是一名执行教练、顾问、组织教学和监督交易分析师。她在荷兰TA学院和伯尔尼研究所(英国)教授TA，是《交易分析杂志》的编辑委员会成员。请联系Maasheseweg 25, 5804 AA Venray, The Netherlands;mail@mariantimmermansconsult.nl。
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Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.1080/03621537.2023.2213952
Sue Eusden
Abstract The therapeutic relationship is a place in which the unresolved hurts, traumas, and confusions of the past, and confusions of the past, held in both the conscious and unconscious, can play out. Where we were hurt in relationship becomes the opportunity to heal in relationship. The therapist’s job is to navigate the hurt toward healing. This paper is about that process and draws on a contemporary relational perspective on games, enactments, and the heart of deconfusion in psychotherapy. The author develops Sills’s idea of the exploratory contract, introduces the therapeutic role of trouble in relation to affective confusion, and offers a model of the high dare/high care compass to navigate the ethical disorientation that forms a necessary foundation for deconfusion work.
{"title":"High Dare/High Care Compass: A Guide to Transforming Trouble and Ethical Disorientation in Psychotherapy","authors":"Sue Eusden","doi":"10.1080/03621537.2023.2213952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03621537.2023.2213952","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The therapeutic relationship is a place in which the unresolved hurts, traumas, and confusions of the past, and confusions of the past, held in both the conscious and unconscious, can play out. Where we were hurt in relationship becomes the opportunity to heal in relationship. The therapist’s job is to navigate the hurt toward healing. This paper is about that process and draws on a contemporary relational perspective on games, enactments, and the heart of deconfusion in psychotherapy. The author develops Sills’s idea of the exploratory contract, introduces the therapeutic role of trouble in relation to affective confusion, and offers a model of the high dare/high care compass to navigate the ethical disorientation that forms a necessary foundation for deconfusion work.","PeriodicalId":37049,"journal":{"name":"Transactional Analysis Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":"207 - 221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47496801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.1080/03621537.2023.2214420
Ales Zivkovic
Abstract Ever since Eric Berne conceptualized basic positions, the concept of OKness has almost incomprehensibly changed. Considering each individual as inherently OK, the so-called moral OKness that today is one of the cornerstone principles of transactional analysis (TA), has little in common with Berne’s initial psychodynamic conceptualization. Adding to the confusion, yet another form, what could be referred to as social OKness, emerged. It has become a standard of interpersonal relating within the TA community and has since been institutionalized as one of the formal standards in the TA qualification process. This article revises Berne’s original basic positions and analyzes the related theory. Parallels with Fairbairn’s object relations theory are made. The author touches on potential causes for the theoretical vagueness of the concept of OKness. He questions Berne’s motivation and approach to some of his theory development, which appears to have been substantially influenced by Berne’s internal conflicts. The author argues that conflicts stimulated through Berne’s relationship with psychoanalysis added to his obsession with the development of TA—a theory that would derive its superiority from its differentiation from psychoanalysis and, as such, help Berne mediate his own sense of OKness. Berne’s internal conflicts have since been reenacted within the TA community. A substantial part of post-Bernean theory development reflects Berne’s tendencies toward oversimplification of what are innately complex concepts. This threatens TA’s wider recognition as epistemologically grounded theory, which can also be seen as a reenactment of Berne’s lack of recognition from the psychoanalytic community.
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Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.1080/03621537.2023.2213972
Diego Rocco, Evita Cassoni, G. Dell'Arciprete
Abstract In recent years, especially in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have witnessed a partial transition in the field of psychotherapy from in-person settings to remote ones (i.e., online therapy). This trend has raised the question of whether the two settings are interchangeable. With the research described here, the authors explore, within a transactional analysis theoretical framework, whether the therapeutic impact of in-person sessions, assessed by both patients and therapists, is different from that perceived with a remote setting. Using the Session Evaluation Questionnaire (SEQ), 20 transactional analysis psychotherapists and their patients evaluated the impact of two pairs of sessions—one in person and one online—for a total of 160 SEQs. The data were then analyzed through t-tests to verify the research hypotheses. For therapists only, the impact of remote sessions was perceived to be lower than that of in-person sessions. The implications are discussed from a clinical point of view.
{"title":"Distant and Close: Research Into Transactional Analysis Psychotherapy Online","authors":"Diego Rocco, Evita Cassoni, G. Dell'Arciprete","doi":"10.1080/03621537.2023.2213972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03621537.2023.2213972","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In recent years, especially in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have witnessed a partial transition in the field of psychotherapy from in-person settings to remote ones (i.e., online therapy). This trend has raised the question of whether the two settings are interchangeable. With the research described here, the authors explore, within a transactional analysis theoretical framework, whether the therapeutic impact of in-person sessions, assessed by both patients and therapists, is different from that perceived with a remote setting. Using the Session Evaluation Questionnaire (SEQ), 20 transactional analysis psychotherapists and their patients evaluated the impact of two pairs of sessions—one in person and one online—for a total of 160 SEQs. The data were then analyzed through t-tests to verify the research hypotheses. For therapists only, the impact of remote sessions was perceived to be lower than that of in-person sessions. The implications are discussed from a clinical point of view.","PeriodicalId":37049,"journal":{"name":"Transactional Analysis Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":"270 - 285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43280007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.1080/03621537.2023.2213954
V. Terlato
Abstract The author reflects on the ideologies of cure underlying many clinical interventions, especially psychiatric ones, in which in the treatment of mental disorders, aspects of normalization and control seem to prevail over those aimed at supporting and integrating the patient’s subjectivity and vitality. Drawing on contributions from psychoanalysis and transactional analysis as well as classic and contemporary philosophy and some neuropsychological studies, the author discusses the transformative potential of vitality. She argues that it develops through bipolar dynamics and that personal balance continuously sways between opposite polarities: enchantment and disillusionment, pleasure and safety, novelty seeking and harm avoidance. She underscores that the more intensely a person lives, the easier it is for their mood to swing between two extremes. A fundamental clinical task is to accept patients’ unpredictability, welcome their vitality, and harness it as a valuable resource in the therapeutic relationship rather than confusing it with mania.
{"title":"Bipolar Dynamics of Vitality","authors":"V. Terlato","doi":"10.1080/03621537.2023.2213954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03621537.2023.2213954","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The author reflects on the ideologies of cure underlying many clinical interventions, especially psychiatric ones, in which in the treatment of mental disorders, aspects of normalization and control seem to prevail over those aimed at supporting and integrating the patient’s subjectivity and vitality. Drawing on contributions from psychoanalysis and transactional analysis as well as classic and contemporary philosophy and some neuropsychological studies, the author discusses the transformative potential of vitality. She argues that it develops through bipolar dynamics and that personal balance continuously sways between opposite polarities: enchantment and disillusionment, pleasure and safety, novelty seeking and harm avoidance. She underscores that the more intensely a person lives, the easier it is for their mood to swing between two extremes. A fundamental clinical task is to accept patients’ unpredictability, welcome their vitality, and harness it as a valuable resource in the therapeutic relationship rather than confusing it with mania.","PeriodicalId":37049,"journal":{"name":"Transactional Analysis Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":"222 - 236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47406314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.1080/03621537.2023.2213970
Ignatius C. Williams, Glenn G. Glarino
Abstract This study examines the effectiveness of transactional analysis (TA) as a recovery support for substance users with mild to moderate substance use disorders (SUD). A modified version of a 12-session TA program was implemented for 3 months. There were 25 participants who took part during the sessions. The findings revealed a significant treatment impact in reducing psychological distress and drug craving across all sub-elements, including intensity of craving, frequency of craving, duration of craving, and number of times of craving (p < .05). Over the course of the sessions, the frequency of lapses decreased. The findings indicate that TA is helpful in the recovery of those with SUD, especially by strengthening the Adult ego state and changing the stroking pattern and life position of individuals. Further research directions might include a follow-up study after the program, more attention to stress management, and the role of the Parent ego state. One implication of this study might be that providing a framework for a TA psychotherapy in the treatment interventions for individuals with SUD is useful.
{"title":"The Efficacy of Transactional Analysis as a Community-Based Intervention for Substance Use Disorder","authors":"Ignatius C. Williams, Glenn G. Glarino","doi":"10.1080/03621537.2023.2213970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03621537.2023.2213970","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study examines the effectiveness of transactional analysis (TA) as a recovery support for substance users with mild to moderate substance use disorders (SUD). A modified version of a 12-session TA program was implemented for 3 months. There were 25 participants who took part during the sessions. The findings revealed a significant treatment impact in reducing psychological distress and drug craving across all sub-elements, including intensity of craving, frequency of craving, duration of craving, and number of times of craving (p < .05). Over the course of the sessions, the frequency of lapses decreased. The findings indicate that TA is helpful in the recovery of those with SUD, especially by strengthening the Adult ego state and changing the stroking pattern and life position of individuals. Further research directions might include a follow-up study after the program, more attention to stress management, and the role of the Parent ego state. One implication of this study might be that providing a framework for a TA psychotherapy in the treatment interventions for individuals with SUD is useful.","PeriodicalId":37049,"journal":{"name":"Transactional Analysis Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":"256 - 269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41645761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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