Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/03621537.2022.2115679
Neal Edwards
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Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/03621537.2022.2115663
G. B. Ekitli, E. Engin
Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between life satisfaction and functional ego states of elderly people in a nursing home. This cross-sectional study sample was composed of 126 elders living in a nursing home who were not diagnosed with dementia. Data were collected using the Introduction Form, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Ego States Scale. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc tests. The mean Satisfaction With Life Scale score of elderly participants was estimated to be 21.84 ± 5.30 (range 9–33). The possible range of scores is 5–35, with a score of 20 representing a neutral point on the scale. This result indicates that elderly people in nursing home show a higher than average level of life satisfaction. The dominant functional ego state of the participants was found to be Critical Parent (34.1%). There were significant differences in the Satisfaction With Life Scale means between groups in terms of dominant functional ego states (F = 47.304, p < 0.05). Post-hoc comparisons demonstrated that elderly people with a tendency to show more Critical Parent behaviors and communication patterns had lower levels of life satisfaction, and elderly people showing more Natural Child energy had higher levels of life satisfaction (p < 0.05). According to the research findings, the elders in Turkey have adopted a more critical stance over the years and shifted from the concerned, natural, but rational agedness defined in prior studies to a criticizing, demanding, and more rule-making agedness. Having an attitude more spontaneously and authentically like a child can increase life satisfaction in the elderly living in nursing homes. The research devoted to the functional ego states of the elderly needs to be completed with cultural analysis. Determining the dominant functional ego states of individuals while offering health care to the elderly experiencing problems in their personal and interpersonal relationships, and promoting convenient ego states, might render the care more effective and increase the life satisfaction of elderly people.
摘要本研究旨在探讨养老院老年人生活满意度与功能自我状态的关系。这个横断面研究样本由126名住在养老院的老年人组成，他们没有被诊断患有痴呆症。数据采用介绍表、生活满意度量表和自我状态量表收集。数据分析采用单因素方差分析和事后检验。老年人生活满意度量表平均得分为21.84±5.30(范围9-33)。可能的得分范围是5-35分，20分代表在量表上的中立点。本研究结果显示，在安老院中的长者生活满意度高于平均水平。被试的主要功能自我状态是“批判父母”(34.1%)。两组间生活满意度量表均值在优势功能自我状态方面差异有统计学意义(F = 47.304, p < 0.05)。事后比较发现，表现出更多“批判父母”行为和沟通模式的老年人生活满意度水平较低，表现出更多“自然儿童”能量的老年人生活满意度水平较高(p < 0.05)。根据研究结果，土耳其的老年人多年来采取了更加批判的立场，从先前研究中定义的关心，自然，但理性的老年转变为批评，要求和更多规则制定的老年。像孩子一样拥有一种更自然、更真实的态度，可以提高养老院老年人的生活满意度。对老年人功能性自我状态的研究需要通过文化分析来完成。确定个体的主要功能自我状态，同时为遇到个人和人际关系问题的老年人提供医疗服务，促进便利的自我状态，可能会使护理更有效，提高老年人的生活满意度。
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Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/03621537.2022.2115681
A. O'Hagan
{"title":"Understanding Bereaved Parents and Siblings: A Handbook for Professionals, Family, and Friends","authors":"A. O'Hagan","doi":"10.1080/03621537.2022.2115681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03621537.2022.2115681","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37049,"journal":{"name":"Transactional Analysis Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":"386 - 387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42402431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/03621537.2022.2115650
Ali A. Berlin, Megan Berlin
Abstract This article presents a two-part framework to support relational transactional analysis practitioners in understanding and working through projective identification in clinical practice. It begins with a brief description of projective identification as communication and emotional regulation, including how it may be understood as part of a two-person psychology. The models presented are supported by diagrams illustrating intrapsychic and interpersonal dynamics as well as by clinical vignettes. The framework is applied to examples of negative and positive transference.
{"title":"Ego States and Projective Identification: A Six-Stage Relational Methodology","authors":"Ali A. Berlin, Megan Berlin","doi":"10.1080/03621537.2022.2115650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03621537.2022.2115650","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article presents a two-part framework to support relational transactional analysis practitioners in understanding and working through projective identification in clinical practice. It begins with a brief description of projective identification as communication and emotional regulation, including how it may be understood as part of a two-person psychology. The models presented are supported by diagrams illustrating intrapsychic and interpersonal dynamics as well as by clinical vignettes. The framework is applied to examples of negative and positive transference.","PeriodicalId":37049,"journal":{"name":"Transactional Analysis Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":"325 - 339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47159636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/03621537.2022.2116181
Charlotte Sills
I enjoyed reading Berlin and Berlin’s (2022) article in this issue. It offers an accessible and helpful process for understanding and working with projective identification as the interpersonal dynamics of transactions and games occur in the consulting room. The authors continue the tradition of self-analysis of the countertransference in service of the client that was started in TA by Novellino (1984) and continued by, for example, Hargaden and Sills (2002), Hargaden (2010), Little (2013), Mazzetti (2013), Stuthridge (2015), Cornell (2019), and Stuthridge and Sills (2016, 2019). What’s more, following Berne’s stricture that every theory should have a diagram, they have offered not one but several diagrams with which they map the dynamic, relational nature of the therapeutic encounter. The article spurred me to do something that Hargaden and I have thought about doing for many years—namely, to clarify the words we used in our early writings to describe the nature of the transferential relationship that we called the transformational countertransference, one of the three domains of transferential relating for which we were honored in 2007 with the Eric Berne Memorial Award. Berlin and Berlin critique our work (Hargaden & Sills, 2001, 2002) in relation to two aspects. The first is that we used the term “projective identification” (pi) synonymously with the transformational domain of transferential relating, which appears to exclude the possibility that pi might occur in the other domains. In this respect, I think their criticism is well-founded, although I think subsequent writing by both of us has clarified our meaning. Projective identification can occur in any cotransference in the sense of one person inducing or inviting another to resonate with or feel an aspect of their own experience, in other words, to take a complementary role in a transaction. Berlin and Berlin demonstrate well how the process forms part of what we would call the projective transferential domain (Hargaden & Sills, 2002). However, when we were developing our ideas in the late 1990s, we were searching for a way to describe a level of intersubjective exchange that is so deeply unconscious and nonverbal that it cannot be easily identified with a two-person interaction, that is, a game. We were referring to primitive levels of relational connection that involve the therapist in feeling and containing an entirely unconscious aspect of the client, who cannot recognize it in themself but comes to recognize it in the therapist. The therapist allows it to reverberate with some part of their own human experience. Indeed, it is the vulnerability of the therapist that demands of them to connect with deeply uncomfortable parts of self in order to be able to think about and start to understand the client. As Hargaden (2010) wrote:
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Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/03621537.2022.2115647
J. Heath
Abstract The author considers the impact of new understandings about the nature of consciousness. These challenge materialist assumptions of science in favor of a deep ecological perspective and a focus on spirit and spirituality in psychotherapy. The author argues that transactional analysis theory and practice offer sufficient scope in adapting to these changing perspectives, and particular consideration is given to the concepts of autonomy and life positions. A new integration of body, mind, and spirit is proposed within an ecological paradigm. This is considered as part of the evolving theory of future-oriented consciousness.
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Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/03621537.2022.2115680
E. Novak
{"title":"The Authority of Tenderness: Dignity and the True Self in Psychoanalysis","authors":"E. Novak","doi":"10.1080/03621537.2022.2115680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03621537.2022.2115680","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37049,"journal":{"name":"Transactional Analysis Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":"383 - 385"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44825814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/03621537.2022.2115641
R. Cook
Abstract The author offers a critique of Berne’s concept of autonomy and its egocentric, Western-centric, and potentially oppressive ideals. She advocates for homonomy as an addition to autonomy but prefers the terminology of “connection” for its wider meanings, its link to our human hungers, and its simple and accessible language. She suggests transactional analysts from all fields pay attention to our interdependence and aim for greater connection with self, other, the environment, and the transpersonal, for which autonomy does not fully account. Examining the concept of connection from a relational approach and linking it with contemporary interpersonal neurobiology, the author highlights the importance of connection in relationship and with the environment for the development of the brain and a cohesive self. Using psychotherapy client vignettes, she illustrates how a relational approach to all modes of time structuring can be a pathway into deeper connection and transformation for the client, the practitioner, and the wider world.
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Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/03621537.2022.2115644
Anisha Pandya
Abstract The author considers the theme of physical touch and contact in transactional analysis practice. The Indian concept of runanubandh is introduced, which is defined as physical memory held in the body. This concept is used to explore physical touch and contact with the outside environment in therapy, thereby broadening the frame of reference beyond existing ideas of protocol and bodywork. The author offers a detailed case study from her psychotherapy practice that demonstrates secret garden work and informed physical touch as described by Novak. Finally, a matrix for practitioners to use in discerning the use of touch and contact in their work with clients is presented.
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