Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/03621537.2022.2115666
Gashav Sharifi, S. Hosseinian, A. Abdollahi
Abstract This study aimed to develop the Persian version of the Drego Injunctions Scale (DIS). In a sample of 285 university students, the psychometric properties of the DIS were investigated. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis supported the 12-factor model for the Persian version of the scale. The overall results showed high content, construct, and convergent validity of the Injunctions Scale among Iranian university students. The results also indicted that the scale enjoys a medium reliability level. Further studies are recommended to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the scale in other populations.
{"title":"Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Injunctions Scale in Iranian University Students","authors":"Gashav Sharifi, S. Hosseinian, A. Abdollahi","doi":"10.1080/03621537.2022.2115666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03621537.2022.2115666","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aimed to develop the Persian version of the Drego Injunctions Scale (DIS). In a sample of 285 university students, the psychometric properties of the DIS were investigated. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis supported the 12-factor model for the Persian version of the scale. The overall results showed high content, construct, and convergent validity of the Injunctions Scale among Iranian university students. The results also indicted that the scale enjoys a medium reliability level. Further studies are recommended to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the scale in other populations.","PeriodicalId":37049,"journal":{"name":"Transactional Analysis Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":"355 - 363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45988887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/03621537.2022.2115677
Mica Douglas, Giovanni Felice Pace, Valeria Villa, W. Stiles
Abstract This theory-building case study examined the relational transactional analysis concept of empathic transactions (ETs) developed by Hargaden and Sills. The researchers analyzed the transactions between a 28-year-old woman and her therapist during their 26-session therapy. Client progress was assessed using the Assimilation of Problematic Experiences Sequence (APES) as well as standard symptom intensity inventories. Results were largely consistent with theoretical accounts offered by the concept of ETs in facilitating psychological change. All of the ETs were employed, but five of the ETs—inquiry, confrontation, specification, illustration, and explanation—were particularly useful in this case. Results also pointed to aspects of the theories that need refinement or modification. For example, the sequencing of ETs suggested by Hargaden and Sills was not uniformly confirmed.
{"title":"Theory-Building Case Study Examining Empathic Transactions in Transactional Analysis Psychotherapy","authors":"Mica Douglas, Giovanni Felice Pace, Valeria Villa, W. Stiles","doi":"10.1080/03621537.2022.2115677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03621537.2022.2115677","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This theory-building case study examined the relational transactional analysis concept of empathic transactions (ETs) developed by Hargaden and Sills. The researchers analyzed the transactions between a 28-year-old woman and her therapist during their 26-session therapy. Client progress was assessed using the Assimilation of Problematic Experiences Sequence (APES) as well as standard symptom intensity inventories. Results were largely consistent with theoretical accounts offered by the concept of ETs in facilitating psychological change. All of the ETs were employed, but five of the ETs—inquiry, confrontation, specification, illustration, and explanation—were particularly useful in this case. Results also pointed to aspects of the theories that need refinement or modification. For example, the sequencing of ETs suggested by Hargaden and Sills was not uniformly confirmed.","PeriodicalId":37049,"journal":{"name":"Transactional Analysis Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":"364 - 380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43312826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03621537.2022.2076411
Carole Shadbolt
Abstract The author describes systemic oppression, considers its multiple and overlapping contexts, and offers perspectives on and examples of its traumatizing effects. She reflects on systemic power and privilege by describing dimensions and dynamics of leadership and by considering personal and collective responsibilities involved in transforming the unfairness, inequality, and trauma of systemic oppression and power differentials in organizations. The inescapable presence of systemic oppression in transactional analysis culture suggests that we in transactional analysis, along with the rest of global organized social structures, can both enable and confront its reach within those contexts. The author also discusses the place of our unconscious primitive motivations and complicated universalities and intersections in relation to systemic oppression.
{"title":"The Many Faces of Systemic Oppression, Power, and Privilege: The Necessity of Self-Examination","authors":"Carole Shadbolt","doi":"10.1080/03621537.2022.2076411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03621537.2022.2076411","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The author describes systemic oppression, considers its multiple and overlapping contexts, and offers perspectives on and examples of its traumatizing effects. She reflects on systemic power and privilege by describing dimensions and dynamics of leadership and by considering personal and collective responsibilities involved in transforming the unfairness, inequality, and trauma of systemic oppression and power differentials in organizations. The inescapable presence of systemic oppression in transactional analysis culture suggests that we in transactional analysis, along with the rest of global organized social structures, can both enable and confront its reach within those contexts. The author also discusses the place of our unconscious primitive motivations and complicated universalities and intersections in relation to systemic oppression.","PeriodicalId":37049,"journal":{"name":"Transactional Analysis Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":"259 - 273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48286084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03621537.2022.2076416
Irina Filipache
Abstract The author aims to make meaning of some of the effects of the social trauma inflicted by the totalitarian system in a former communist country by exploring the relationship between individual psychology and sociocultural context. She hypothesizes that the totalitarian regime inflicted damage on the narcissism of individuals whose attempts at healing through intergenerational narcissistic regulation of self-esteem and self-concept and/or through investment in totalitarian states of mind ensure the perpetuation of a pathological frame of reference. Oppression has a devastating impact on the individual’s ego state structure, thus hindering the maturation process. Without the healing of one’s dignity and the shame, pain, and hatred instilled by an oppressive system, individuals cannot play a constructive and creative role in building a “good-enough” world.
{"title":"Shattered Dignity and Unsymbolized Past: Facing the Legacy of a Totalitarian System","authors":"Irina Filipache","doi":"10.1080/03621537.2022.2076416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03621537.2022.2076416","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The author aims to make meaning of some of the effects of the social trauma inflicted by the totalitarian system in a former communist country by exploring the relationship between individual psychology and sociocultural context. She hypothesizes that the totalitarian regime inflicted damage on the narcissism of individuals whose attempts at healing through intergenerational narcissistic regulation of self-esteem and self-concept and/or through investment in totalitarian states of mind ensure the perpetuation of a pathological frame of reference. Oppression has a devastating impact on the individual’s ego state structure, thus hindering the maturation process. Without the healing of one’s dignity and the shame, pain, and hatred instilled by an oppressive system, individuals cannot play a constructive and creative role in building a “good-enough” world.","PeriodicalId":37049,"journal":{"name":"Transactional Analysis Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":"178 - 192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49625540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03621537.2022.2082031
Deepak Dhananjaya
Abstract This paper explores the idea of multiple social identities in individuals and the interplay of these identities intrapsychically, interpersonally, and systemically. Oppression is often viewed as a binary concept: Either one is the oppressor or the oppressed. The author develops ideas of pluralism and intersectionality that exist in individuals and society to illustrate how everyone has the experience of being both the oppressor and the oppressed. He provides examples of responses to oppression at all levels (intrapsychic, interpersonal, and systemic) and builds on ideas from radical psychiatry to explain ways to move out of oppression. The article concludes with reflective questions that invite readers to explore the possible dynamics that exist in the therapy room as well as in other fields and contexts of human relations practice.
{"title":"We Are the Oppressor and the Oppressed: The Interplay Between Intrapsychic, Interpersonal, and Societal Intersectionality","authors":"Deepak Dhananjaya","doi":"10.1080/03621537.2022.2082031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03621537.2022.2082031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper explores the idea of multiple social identities in individuals and the interplay of these identities intrapsychically, interpersonally, and systemically. Oppression is often viewed as a binary concept: Either one is the oppressor or the oppressed. The author develops ideas of pluralism and intersectionality that exist in individuals and society to illustrate how everyone has the experience of being both the oppressor and the oppressed. He provides examples of responses to oppression at all levels (intrapsychic, interpersonal, and systemic) and builds on ideas from radical psychiatry to explain ways to move out of oppression. The article concludes with reflective questions that invite readers to explore the possible dynamics that exist in the therapy room as well as in other fields and contexts of human relations practice.","PeriodicalId":37049,"journal":{"name":"Transactional Analysis Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":"244 - 258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47914286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03621537.2022.2080263
Karen Minikin, Helen Rowland
{"title":"Letter From the Coeditors","authors":"Karen Minikin, Helen Rowland","doi":"10.1080/03621537.2022.2080263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03621537.2022.2080263","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37049,"journal":{"name":"Transactional Analysis Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":"175 - 177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44547864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.1080/03621537.2022.2076398
Victoria Baskerville
Abstract This article presents a transcultural and intersectional ego state model that takes into consideration the reality of systemic oppression and the influence of transcultural and intersectional identity on self and other. The model considers the intersect and interplay between race, gender, and other cultural selves and takes into account the complexity of cultural experience and narrative. Through inquiry about cultural selves and mapping those onto an ego state model, it is possible to develop more insight into intersectional identity, including how privilege and oppression are manifested in the self and enacted in the world. The author asks how we might reflect on and locate cultural impasse, unconscious bias, generational oppression, White privilege, othering, and power dynamics in our work. A dialogue with a colleague is offered, and intersectional identities are mapped and discussed. Readers are invited to consider their transcultural experience and locate their intersectional identity, thus accounting for power dynamics.
{"title":"A Transcultural and Intersectional Ego State Model of the Self: The Influence of Transcultural and Intersectional Identity on Self and Other","authors":"Victoria Baskerville","doi":"10.1080/03621537.2022.2076398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03621537.2022.2076398","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article presents a transcultural and intersectional ego state model that takes into consideration the reality of systemic oppression and the influence of transcultural and intersectional identity on self and other. The model considers the intersect and interplay between race, gender, and other cultural selves and takes into account the complexity of cultural experience and narrative. Through inquiry about cultural selves and mapping those onto an ego state model, it is possible to develop more insight into intersectional identity, including how privilege and oppression are manifested in the self and enacted in the world. The author asks how we might reflect on and locate cultural impasse, unconscious bias, generational oppression, White privilege, othering, and power dynamics in our work. A dialogue with a colleague is offered, and intersectional identities are mapped and discussed. Readers are invited to consider their transcultural experience and locate their intersectional identity, thus accounting for power dynamics.","PeriodicalId":37049,"journal":{"name":"Transactional Analysis Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":"228 - 243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46337862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-14DOI: 10.1080/03621537.2022.2076394
Keith Tudor, E. Green, E. Brett
Abstract This article discusses Whiteness as a systemic oppression and critical Whiteness as a theory and practice that challenges cultural neutrality and the othering of non-White people. The authors consider a particular form of White identity from the context of a postcolonial society, that of Aotearoa New Zealand. Following a brief review of the transactional analysis literature on oppression—specifically, the work of the radical psychiatrists (Steiner and others) and other authors on cultural scripting (Drego and Mazzetti), the article offers a critical transactional analysis of different aspects of Whiteness in terms of transactions, ego states, scripts, and games.
{"title":"Critical Whiteness: A Transactional Analysis of a Systemic Oppression","authors":"Keith Tudor, E. Green, E. Brett","doi":"10.1080/03621537.2022.2076394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03621537.2022.2076394","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article discusses Whiteness as a systemic oppression and critical Whiteness as a theory and practice that challenges cultural neutrality and the othering of non-White people. The authors consider a particular form of White identity from the context of a postcolonial society, that of Aotearoa New Zealand. Following a brief review of the transactional analysis literature on oppression—specifically, the work of the radical psychiatrists (Steiner and others) and other authors on cultural scripting (Drego and Mazzetti), the article offers a critical transactional analysis of different aspects of Whiteness in terms of transactions, ego states, scripts, and games.","PeriodicalId":37049,"journal":{"name":"Transactional Analysis Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":"193 - 208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42818525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-09DOI: 10.1080/03621537.2022.2076981
Piotr Jusik
Abstract The author addresses the challenges and opportunities of working in intercultural spaces and explores the conditions favorable to the emergence of psychological resources. After discussing the role of context, he describes how oppression emerges from complementary frames of reference that promote overadaptation to the dominant culture. He proposes that this diminishes authentic intercultural dialogue. However, greater access to resources can come about by expanding the Adult and emphasizing cultural awareness of self and other. Intercultural clients develop and enhance their resources when they cocreate shared frames of reference and expand their cultural frames of reference while accounting for their individual identity.
{"title":"Systemic Oppression and Cultural Diversity: Putting Flesh on the Bones of Intercultural Competence","authors":"Piotr Jusik","doi":"10.1080/03621537.2022.2076981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03621537.2022.2076981","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The author addresses the challenges and opportunities of working in intercultural spaces and explores the conditions favorable to the emergence of psychological resources. After discussing the role of context, he describes how oppression emerges from complementary frames of reference that promote overadaptation to the dominant culture. He proposes that this diminishes authentic intercultural dialogue. However, greater access to resources can come about by expanding the Adult and emphasizing cultural awareness of self and other. Intercultural clients develop and enhance their resources when they cocreate shared frames of reference and expand their cultural frames of reference while accounting for their individual identity.","PeriodicalId":37049,"journal":{"name":"Transactional Analysis Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":"209 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46322900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/03621537.2022.2019406
E. Haynes
Abstract Research using creative methods is opening up new ways to deepen our understanding of human experience and offer possibilities to all fields of transactional analysis (TA). This paper shows how creative methods can enrich both transactional analysis research and practice, particularly with reference to unconscious processes and silence. The author provides a brief overview of two types of creative method followed by some of the results obtained from using them in a TA research project. A case vignette is used to illustrate how one of these methods was applied in practice in the hope of showing how creative methods can be useful tools for offering transactional analysis a possible bridge into what Christopher Bollas described as “the unthought known.”
{"title":"Bridging the Gap Between Research and Practice: Using Creative Methods to Research Transactional Analysis Psychotherapy","authors":"E. Haynes","doi":"10.1080/03621537.2022.2019406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03621537.2022.2019406","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Research using creative methods is opening up new ways to deepen our understanding of human experience and offer possibilities to all fields of transactional analysis (TA). This paper shows how creative methods can enrich both transactional analysis research and practice, particularly with reference to unconscious processes and silence. The author provides a brief overview of two types of creative method followed by some of the results obtained from using them in a TA research project. A case vignette is used to illustrate how one of these methods was applied in practice in the hope of showing how creative methods can be useful tools for offering transactional analysis a possible bridge into what Christopher Bollas described as “the unthought known.”","PeriodicalId":37049,"journal":{"name":"Transactional Analysis Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":"134 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47894467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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