Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1809-43412022v19a801
Anabela Moreira Santos
Abstract The present article analyzes the Inquiry into the Indian Inspectorate in Amazonas and Acre, established in 1931 by order of the Federal Intervenor of the Amazonas. Taking as our approach an analysis of regional contexts, we link the inquiry to land conflicts that occurred in the previous decade, which gravitated around the imposition of a commercial monopoly on a resource historically configured as a “remedy for poverty” - Brazil nut trees. We demonstrate how narratives regarding these conflicts were triggered in the inquiry according to a logic that aimed to criminalize indigenous peoples and Indian Protective Service representatives as a way of accumulating legitimacy for the extralegal exercise of power. Finally, we illuminate the symbolic character of these disputes, which sought to restrict the legal meanings of “Indian” in order to question the legitimacy of the Indian Service in its administration of the so-called “semi-civilized peoples” and to restrict indigenous peoples’ access to State resources.
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Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1809-43412022v19a805
Felipe Pereira Jucá
Abstract Prison conditions in Brazil have attracted the attention of social movements, the press, and researchers. The prison population grew 707% between 1990 and 2016, with no sign of slowing. This article does not seek to investigate the causes of this dramatic increase - a statistic that is nonetheless worth highlighting - but rather to describe the relation between the judiciary and a specific segment of society, indigenous peoples, evincing yet another point of tension in inter-ethnic relations. As such, this article analyzes the available Brazilian legislation and the practices of the criminal justice system as an official means of prosecution, conviction, and sentencing in the City of São Gabriel da Cachoeira, in the northeast of the state of Amazonas, Brazil, and the impacts of state-imposed punishment on indigenous peoples.
巴西的监狱状况引起了社会运动、媒体和研究人员的关注。从1990年到2016年，监狱人口增长了707%，没有放缓的迹象。本文并不试图调查这种急剧增加的原因- -这一统计数字仍然值得强调- -而是描述司法部门与社会的一个特定部分，即土著人民之间的关系，这表明种族间关系中的另一个紧张点。因此，本文分析了巴西现有的立法和刑事司法系统在巴西亚马逊州东北部的s o Gabriel da Cachoeira市作为官方起诉、定罪和量刑手段的实践，以及国家施加的惩罚对土著人民的影响。
{"title":"“We’re Totally Worthless” - An Anthropological Approach to Incarcerated Indigenous Persons in the City of São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Amazonas","authors":"Felipe Pereira Jucá","doi":"10.1590/1809-43412022v19a805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43412022v19a805","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Prison conditions in Brazil have attracted the attention of social movements, the press, and researchers. The prison population grew 707% between 1990 and 2016, with no sign of slowing. This article does not seek to investigate the causes of this dramatic increase - a statistic that is nonetheless worth highlighting - but rather to describe the relation between the judiciary and a specific segment of society, indigenous peoples, evincing yet another point of tension in inter-ethnic relations. As such, this article analyzes the available Brazilian legislation and the practices of the criminal justice system as an official means of prosecution, conviction, and sentencing in the City of São Gabriel da Cachoeira, in the northeast of the state of Amazonas, Brazil, and the impacts of state-imposed punishment on indigenous peoples.","PeriodicalId":37082,"journal":{"name":"Vibrant Virtual Brazilian Anthropology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67213138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1809-43412022v19d704
Prof. Lía Ferrero
Resumen El Consejo Mundial de Asociaciones de Antropología (WCAA sus siglas en inglés) realizó entre 2017 y 2018 una encuesta global (Global Survey of Anthropological Practice-GSAP) para dar cuenta de la práctica antropológica en aquellos países que cuentan con asociaciones miembro de WCAA. En el siguiente artículo se compartirán los resultados de la GSAP para Argentina, enmarcados en una encuesta previa realizada por el Colegio de Graduados en Antropología de la República Argentina en 2016 que nos ayuda a iluminar los resultados arrojados por la GSAP, no sin antes explicitar las razones que me llevan a tomar recaudos no solo ante los resultados para la Argentina, sino y sobre todo, sobre los fundamentos mismos de la encuesta.
{"title":"¿Antropología internacional o Antropologías del Mundo? La encuesta mundial de práctica antropológica-GSAP vista desde Argentina","authors":"Prof. Lía Ferrero","doi":"10.1590/1809-43412022v19d704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43412022v19d704","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen El Consejo Mundial de Asociaciones de Antropología (WCAA sus siglas en inglés) realizó entre 2017 y 2018 una encuesta global (Global Survey of Anthropological Practice-GSAP) para dar cuenta de la práctica antropológica en aquellos países que cuentan con asociaciones miembro de WCAA. En el siguiente artículo se compartirán los resultados de la GSAP para Argentina, enmarcados en una encuesta previa realizada por el Colegio de Graduados en Antropología de la República Argentina en 2016 que nos ayuda a iluminar los resultados arrojados por la GSAP, no sin antes explicitar las razones que me llevan a tomar recaudos no solo ante los resultados para la Argentina, sino y sobre todo, sobre los fundamentos mismos de la encuesta.","PeriodicalId":37082,"journal":{"name":"Vibrant Virtual Brazilian Anthropology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67213362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1809-43412022v19e608
Alice Villela
Abstract This text sets out to discuss questions arising from the work of filming Brazilian popular festivals, celebrations and rituals in which music-making involves a process of collective musical production, practices linked to what Turino (2008) has called ‘participatory music.’ By making music together, the participants take part in intense non-verbal social interactions that very often reach a collective climax or trace, an experience difficult to translate into words. How can film express and communicate this type of musical experience involving all the senses? Setting out from technical guidelines developed in a project to film participative musical performances for a documentary series, Taquaras, Tambores e Violas, the text aims to reflect on the potential of the audiovisual medium as an experiential mode that both apprehends the musical context and enables the spectator to access and discover the participatory performances depicted through the evoked experience and senses.
本文旨在讨论巴西流行节日、庆典和仪式的拍摄工作所产生的问题，其中音乐制作涉及集体音乐制作的过程，与Turino(2008)所称的“参与式音乐”有关。“通过一起创作音乐，参与者参与了激烈的非语言社交互动，这种互动经常达到集体高潮或痕迹，这种体验难以用语言表达。”电影如何表达和传达这种涉及所有感官的音乐体验?从为纪录片系列《Taquaras, Tambores e Violas》拍摄参与性音乐表演的项目中制定的技术准则出发，本文旨在反思视听媒介作为一种体验模式的潜力，这种体验模式既能理解音乐背景，又能使观众通过唤起的经验和感官来访问和发现所描绘的参与性表演。
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Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1809-43412022v19e905
S. Fleischer, Júlia Vilela Garcia
Abstract In 2015, the Zika virus epidemic was declared in Brazil. More than 4,000 children were infected and developed what is known as the Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome. Incurable and only palliated with drugs, for the syndrome, “early stimulation” was presented as the only therapeutic possibility. In 2020, a pandemic, Covid-19, arrives in the country, severely disrupting the lives and care of these children and their families in the Recife, State of Pernambuco region. In this article, three times pervaded by these two health emergencies will be described. At the beginning of the Zika epidemic (2016), rehabilitation therapies were being organized, known and demanded by families. In 2019, with the virus cooled down, vacancies for therapy began to dwindle and families were more discerning and critical about them. In the third period (2020), clinics are closed in the name of social isolation and rehabilitation presents new dilemmas for these families. Rehabilitation routines have allowed for an expansion of the public sphere and spaces for dialogue and questioning of the State and its policies aimed at children and both epidemics. Withdrawal from these routines has far wider consequences for the children, their family and the wider community.
{"title":"“Early stimulation” in the scenario of Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome: Challenges in three temporalities in the Metropolitan Recife Area, State of Pernambuco","authors":"S. Fleischer, Júlia Vilela Garcia","doi":"10.1590/1809-43412022v19e905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43412022v19e905","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In 2015, the Zika virus epidemic was declared in Brazil. More than 4,000 children were infected and developed what is known as the Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome. Incurable and only palliated with drugs, for the syndrome, “early stimulation” was presented as the only therapeutic possibility. In 2020, a pandemic, Covid-19, arrives in the country, severely disrupting the lives and care of these children and their families in the Recife, State of Pernambuco region. In this article, three times pervaded by these two health emergencies will be described. At the beginning of the Zika epidemic (2016), rehabilitation therapies were being organized, known and demanded by families. In 2019, with the virus cooled down, vacancies for therapy began to dwindle and families were more discerning and critical about them. In the third period (2020), clinics are closed in the name of social isolation and rehabilitation presents new dilemmas for these families. Rehabilitation routines have allowed for an expansion of the public sphere and spaces for dialogue and questioning of the State and its policies aimed at children and both epidemics. Withdrawal from these routines has far wider consequences for the children, their family and the wider community.","PeriodicalId":37082,"journal":{"name":"Vibrant Virtual Brazilian Anthropology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67213850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1809-43412022v19d709
Virginia R. Dominguez, S. Patnaik, N. Mehrotra
{"title":"Anthropology in India and Anthropological Journals in India","authors":"Virginia R. Dominguez, S. Patnaik, N. Mehrotra","doi":"10.1590/1809-43412022v19d709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43412022v19d709","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37082,"journal":{"name":"Vibrant Virtual Brazilian Anthropology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67213899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1809-43412022v19d710
Vesna Vučinić Nešković, Chandana Mathur, P. McGrath, G. Acciaioli, A. Millard, Emily Metzner
Abstract This brief article is intended to complement “The WCAA Global Survey of Anthropological Practice (2014-2018): Reported Findings” in this issue of ViBrAnt. The article details the internal processes within the World Council of Anthropological Associations through which the Global Survey of Anthropological Practice (GSAP) was initiated and developed. It also discusses the issues and challenges the research team faced, as well as how it endeavored to address them, in carrying out a global survey of anthropologists. The principal aim of the GSAP was to create a knowledge base about the professional practice of anthropologists globally that could be used by the World Council of Anthropological Associations (WCAA) and its member associations to help promote the value and relevance of the discipline. With its fifty-odd member associations from all continents, the WCAA was uniquely positioned to gather these data, and the GSAP process effectively remade this network of associations into a large-scale research consortium. The development and intent of the survey, the particular actors involved and actions taken in its development, are thus critical to its fruition, as well as its shortcomings. The historical process itself contains valuable insights for any future endeavors to survey practitioners of anthropology on a global scale.
{"title":"A Brief History of the First Global Survey of Anthropological Practice and Some Lessons Learned","authors":"Vesna Vučinić Nešković, Chandana Mathur, P. McGrath, G. Acciaioli, A. Millard, Emily Metzner","doi":"10.1590/1809-43412022v19d710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43412022v19d710","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This brief article is intended to complement “The WCAA Global Survey of Anthropological Practice (2014-2018): Reported Findings” in this issue of ViBrAnt. The article details the internal processes within the World Council of Anthropological Associations through which the Global Survey of Anthropological Practice (GSAP) was initiated and developed. It also discusses the issues and challenges the research team faced, as well as how it endeavored to address them, in carrying out a global survey of anthropologists. The principal aim of the GSAP was to create a knowledge base about the professional practice of anthropologists globally that could be used by the World Council of Anthropological Associations (WCAA) and its member associations to help promote the value and relevance of the discipline. With its fifty-odd member associations from all continents, the WCAA was uniquely positioned to gather these data, and the GSAP process effectively remade this network of associations into a large-scale research consortium. The development and intent of the survey, the particular actors involved and actions taken in its development, are thus critical to its fruition, as well as its shortcomings. The historical process itself contains valuable insights for any future endeavors to survey practitioners of anthropology on a global scale.","PeriodicalId":37082,"journal":{"name":"Vibrant Virtual Brazilian Anthropology","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67213911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1809-43412022v19e906
Fernanda Cruz Rifiotis
Résumé Dans cet article, nous analyserons les expériences de personnes âgées face à la pandémie de Covid-19, afin de comprendre comment les sens attribués à cet évènement multiple et inégal fournissent des éléments pour réfléchir à « d’autres politiques de la vie ». Cette réflexion se fonde sur le matériel ethnographique né de la recherche anthropologique collective au sujet des impacts de la pandémie de Covid-19 sur les personnes âgées. Concrètement, dans l’article, nous analysons les récits de trois personnes âgées, deux femmes et un homme, qui permettent de problématiser les discours concernant la « minorité des personnes âgées », de même que d’inscrire ces sujets comme « groupe à risque ». En outre, ces récits révèlent un isolement social incitateur de multiples agencements et de la construction/renforcement de réseaux d’interdépendance et d’aide. Si la pandémie a été associée à la tristesse, la solitude, le deuil et la perte de temps de vie, le matériel ethnographique permet de rendre visible d’autres sens, tels que la réflexivité, la revendication, la résignation/attente et les apprentissages.
{"title":"Pour d’autres politiques de la vie: Expériences de personnes âgées pendant la pandémie de Covid-19","authors":"Fernanda Cruz Rifiotis","doi":"10.1590/1809-43412022v19e906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43412022v19e906","url":null,"abstract":"Résumé Dans cet article, nous analyserons les expériences de personnes âgées face à la pandémie de Covid-19, afin de comprendre comment les sens attribués à cet évènement multiple et inégal fournissent des éléments pour réfléchir à « d’autres politiques de la vie ». Cette réflexion se fonde sur le matériel ethnographique né de la recherche anthropologique collective au sujet des impacts de la pandémie de Covid-19 sur les personnes âgées. Concrètement, dans l’article, nous analysons les récits de trois personnes âgées, deux femmes et un homme, qui permettent de problématiser les discours concernant la « minorité des personnes âgées », de même que d’inscrire ces sujets comme « groupe à risque ». En outre, ces récits révèlent un isolement social incitateur de multiples agencements et de la construction/renforcement de réseaux d’interdépendance et d’aide. Si la pandémie a été associée à la tristesse, la solitude, le deuil et la perte de temps de vie, le matériel ethnographique permet de rendre visible d’autres sens, tels que la réflexivité, la revendication, la résignation/attente et les apprentissages.","PeriodicalId":37082,"journal":{"name":"Vibrant Virtual Brazilian Anthropology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67213923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1809-43412022v19d707
Vinicius Kauê Ferreira, Georgeta Stoica
Abstract In this essay, we draw primarily on the 2018 Global Survey of Anthropological Practice in order to develop a series of considerations on the issue of precarity in Anthropology. Other reports and available literature are also taken into consideration in the proposed analysis. We start by introducing the issue of precarity in Anthropology as both a trending research topic and an empirical reality in the very practice of our discipline. Then, we analyse the WCAA Global Survey by focusing on its findings regarding employment and salary. In the third and fourth sections of the article, global differences in anthropological practice are taken into account from the perspective of a South-North divide. The fifth section is devoted to reflections on the epistemological dimensions of precarity, neoliberalism and anthropology. We conclude by highlighting ongoing actions and pointing to possible horizons. The main purpose of this essay is, by drawing on available data on anthropologist’s working conditions, to address specificities and challenges that discipline must face when it comes to precarity.
{"title":"Precarity in Global Anthropology: Reflexions on the margins of the Global Survey of Anthropological Practice","authors":"Vinicius Kauê Ferreira, Georgeta Stoica","doi":"10.1590/1809-43412022v19d707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43412022v19d707","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this essay, we draw primarily on the 2018 Global Survey of Anthropological Practice in order to develop a series of considerations on the issue of precarity in Anthropology. Other reports and available literature are also taken into consideration in the proposed analysis. We start by introducing the issue of precarity in Anthropology as both a trending research topic and an empirical reality in the very practice of our discipline. Then, we analyse the WCAA Global Survey by focusing on its findings regarding employment and salary. In the third and fourth sections of the article, global differences in anthropological practice are taken into account from the perspective of a South-North divide. The fifth section is devoted to reflections on the epistemological dimensions of precarity, neoliberalism and anthropology. We conclude by highlighting ongoing actions and pointing to possible horizons. The main purpose of this essay is, by drawing on available data on anthropologist’s working conditions, to address specificities and challenges that discipline must face when it comes to precarity.","PeriodicalId":37082,"journal":{"name":"Vibrant Virtual Brazilian Anthropology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67213513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1809-43412022v19e903
Gabriela Dias Blanco, Eleandra Raquel da Silva Koch, C. Prates
Abstract The article investigates the controversies that emerge with the production of the CoronaVac vaccine, the first Covid-19 vaccine available in Brazil, on June 11th, 2020. Based on Actor-Network Theory, this study is inspired by virtual ethnography. We thus privilege digital documents from government agencies and medical entities, specialized publications, publications in Facebook groups, and the writing of a virtual field diary. Our investigation ends with the approval of the CoronaVac and Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccines by the National Health Surveillance Agency (Anvisa). We identify the construction of factoids by groups that were critical of social distancing measures, basing themselves on the use of purportedly scientific arguments. The alliances established between doctors and the federal government through the Ministry of Health challenged the vaccine as a technoscientific artifact, and advocated for drugs that were part of the so-called "early treatment" as the "cure" for the pandemic in Brazil.
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