Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1809-43412022v19e100
A. Lobo, Antonio Carlos de Souza Lima
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Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1809-43412022v19a804
G. Menezes
Abstract In this article I discuss how Brazilian magistrates have begun to approach the realities of Indigenous peoples through experiences in the elaboration and implementation of training courses for judges on the theme of Indigenous rights. These courses are an important step toward a necessary curricular adjustment, with a corresponding impact on how magistrates understand the theme and in collective efforts to develop a plural and multicultural justice. In this context, anthropology assists magistrates in expanding their knowledge of Indigenous societies in Brazil, particularly in what pertains to different peoples’ conceptions of justice, thereby making intelligible the complex realties that typically unfold in inter-ethnic situations.
{"title":"Courses on Indigenous rights: an anthropological contribution to the training of magistrates in Brazil","authors":"G. Menezes","doi":"10.1590/1809-43412022v19a804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43412022v19a804","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this article I discuss how Brazilian magistrates have begun to approach the realities of Indigenous peoples through experiences in the elaboration and implementation of training courses for judges on the theme of Indigenous rights. These courses are an important step toward a necessary curricular adjustment, with a corresponding impact on how magistrates understand the theme and in collective efforts to develop a plural and multicultural justice. In this context, anthropology assists magistrates in expanding their knowledge of Indigenous societies in Brazil, particularly in what pertains to different peoples’ conceptions of justice, thereby making intelligible the complex realties that typically unfold in inter-ethnic situations.","PeriodicalId":37082,"journal":{"name":"Vibrant Virtual Brazilian Anthropology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67213133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1809-43412022v19e901
M. Kopper
Abstract This article contributes to an understanding of the multidimensional impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic through a reflection on the dimensions and scales involved in the dissemination and combat of the virus in two towns in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil’s southernmost state. It draws on a sociotechnical timeline of the events that characterized the pandemic in the town of Picada Café during a pivotal moment-the so-called “first wave” from March to September 2020. Additionally, the article discusses the results of a socioeconomic survey conducted in October 2020 among small business owners in the towns of Picada Café and Nova Petrópolis. As COVID-19 sprawls through the farthermost hinterlands, the pandemic unveils how political, economic, and social predicaments in these areas differ from their urban counterparts. They deserve to be studied independently so as to promote more effective and target-driven public policy responses.
本文通过对巴西最南端的南巴西大州(里约热内卢Grande do Sul)内陆两个城镇传播和抗击病毒的维度和规模的反思，有助于了解COVID-19大流行的多维影响。它借鉴了皮卡达咖啡镇在关键时刻(即2020年3月至9月所谓的“第一波”)发生的大流行事件的社会技术时间表。此外，本文还讨论了2020年10月在Picada caf和Nova Petrópolis镇的小企业主中进行的一项社会经济调查的结果。随着COVID-19蔓延到最偏远的内陆地区，大流行揭示了这些地区的政治、经济和社会困境与城市的不同之处。它们值得独立研究，以促进更有效和目标导向的公共政策反应。
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Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1809-43412022v19e907
D. Petti
Resumo Esse artigo trata de dois temas que se imbricam em um contexto de pandemia de Covid-19. Por um lado, me proponho a pensar como a produção da precariedade e a sobreposição de desigualdades se inscrevem na vida cotidiana Por outro lado, realizo uma reflexão sobre as narrativas de esperança como forma de sustentação da vida no presente. As relações entre precariedade e esperança são traçadas, de um ponto de vista etnográfico, a partir das formas pelas quais a vida é elaborada pelos atores sociais em reflexões críticas sobre o cotidiano. A análise da articulação entre a extraordinariedade da pandemia e o curso ordinário da vida é feita por meio de uma visão integrada a respeito das inúmeras desigualdades sociais. A esperança é entendida como forma de manejar a incerteza em um cotidiano marcado pela produção contínua da precariedade.
{"title":"Precariedade e desigualdades em um cotidiano incerto: vida e esperança em tempos de pandemia de Covid-19","authors":"D. Petti","doi":"10.1590/1809-43412022v19e907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43412022v19e907","url":null,"abstract":"Resumo Esse artigo trata de dois temas que se imbricam em um contexto de pandemia de Covid-19. Por um lado, me proponho a pensar como a produção da precariedade e a sobreposição de desigualdades se inscrevem na vida cotidiana Por outro lado, realizo uma reflexão sobre as narrativas de esperança como forma de sustentação da vida no presente. As relações entre precariedade e esperança são traçadas, de um ponto de vista etnográfico, a partir das formas pelas quais a vida é elaborada pelos atores sociais em reflexões críticas sobre o cotidiano. A análise da articulação entre a extraordinariedade da pandemia e o curso ordinário da vida é feita por meio de uma visão integrada a respeito das inúmeras desigualdades sociais. A esperança é entendida como forma de manejar a incerteza em um cotidiano marcado pela produção contínua da precariedade.","PeriodicalId":37082,"journal":{"name":"Vibrant Virtual Brazilian Anthropology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67213933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1809-43412022v19e604
Pedro Paulo Gomes Pereira
Abstract This article reflects on violence committed against travestis, examining a series of murders of travestis, together with narratives regarding violence, to see where these events and stories lead, and to formulate related questions. Through this movement, the research develops such questions as: what are the motives behind the violence committed against travesties, and what do these motives tell us? If violence is expressive - in other words, if it tells us something - what is it saying? Can we talk about crimes as being gender-based? If so, how should we consider the relations between gender, sexuality, and violence? What desires are at play? And what do these events tell us about the concept of gender itself?
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Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1809-43412022v19e605
J. Pina-Cabral
Abstract Anthropological history is today a growth area. This essay reviews the new collection Anthropology’s Ancestors that Aleksandar Boskovic is editing at Berghahn. The three short books he has published so far are very engaging intellectual histories of three anthropologists of the past who have recently received increased critical attention and whose legacy certainly deserves it: Robertson Smith, Margaret Mead and Françoise Héritier.
摘要人类学历史是当今一个新兴的领域。这篇文章回顾了亚历山大·博斯科维奇在伯格哈恩编辑的新文集《人类学的祖先》。到目前为止，他出版的三本短篇小说非常引人入胜，讲述了三位过去的人类学家的思想史，这三位人类学家最近受到了越来越多的批评，他们的遗产当然值得关注:罗伯逊·史密斯(Robertson Smith)、玛格丽特·米德(Margaret Mead)和弗朗帕拉索斯·海姆斯特里耶(franoise h ritier)。
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Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1809-43412021v18a811
J. Rahier
Abstract In this essay, I write about the initiative of engaged legal anthropology that led to the formation of the Observatory of Justice for Afrodescendants in Latin America (OJALA), housed in the Kimberly Green Latin American and Caribbean Center (KG-LACC) at Florida International University (FIU). I have been delighted to serve as OJALA’s main coordinator and founding director since February 2018. This piece’s intent is to explain the foundation of OJALA, out of an interest for understanding how the Latin American multiculturalist state “functions” in the concrete relations it threads with its Afrodescendant citizens, and particularly and most importantly, what the state’s justice system does, or doesn’t do, in the courts of law, with the legal instruments the “new Latin American constitutionalism” brought, when the time comes to defend Afrodescendants’ rights. This led us to engage in careful comparative ethnographic work on specific litigations filed by Afrodescendants in the justice systems of various Latin American countries. Ultimately, the ethnographic knowledge of Latin American justice systems “at work” will be useful for the enhancement of the public acknowledgement, protection, and defense of Afrodescendants’ rights.
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Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1809-43412021v18a810
Fernando García, Caro Páez
Resumen Desde la década de 1940 las ciencias sociales ecuatorianas fueron testigo de varios esfuerzos realizados en miras a institucionalizar la enseñanza de la antropología en Ecuador. Este intento se materializó de manera definitiva en el año 1971 con la creación del primer departamento de antropología, adscrito a la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (PUCE). En el camino recorrido es notorio la influencia de las diversas “antropologías del mundo”. Hacia finales del siglo XX y comienzos del presente siglo se crearon otras carreras de pregrado y de posgrado, con lo cual el enfoque de la formación en antropología, los campos de acción y temas de interés se diversificaron exponencialmente. A cincuenta años de su profesionalización, en este artículo, exploramos los logros alcanzados, los derroteros transitados y los retos a los que se enfrenta la antropología en Ecuador.
{"title":"50 años de profesionalización de la antropología ecuatoriana: temas, derroteros y perspectivas","authors":"Fernando García, Caro Páez","doi":"10.1590/1809-43412021v18a810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43412021v18a810","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen Desde la década de 1940 las ciencias sociales ecuatorianas fueron testigo de varios esfuerzos realizados en miras a institucionalizar la enseñanza de la antropología en Ecuador. Este intento se materializó de manera definitiva en el año 1971 con la creación del primer departamento de antropología, adscrito a la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (PUCE). En el camino recorrido es notorio la influencia de las diversas “antropologías del mundo”. Hacia finales del siglo XX y comienzos del presente siglo se crearon otras carreras de pregrado y de posgrado, con lo cual el enfoque de la formación en antropología, los campos de acción y temas de interés se diversificaron exponencialmente. A cincuenta años de su profesionalización, en este artículo, exploramos los logros alcanzados, los derroteros transitados y los retos a los que se enfrenta la antropología en Ecuador.","PeriodicalId":37082,"journal":{"name":"Vibrant Virtual Brazilian Anthropology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67212992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1809-43412021v18a804
Laura R. Valladares
Resumen La construcción de una democracia plural con inclusión de las y los indígenas en condiciones de equidad tiene grandes retos, pues si bien las acciones afirmativas en materia electoral han registrado un avance relevante, la distancia entre las normas y su cumplimiento es enorme, por lo que la equidad electoral es todavía una asignatura pendiente, inicialmente porque existe una resistencia de los partidos políticos y los actores políticos para pluralizar el poder. El principal problema no se resuelve solamente en términos de técnica jurídica, es decir, de afinar los mecanismos de implementación y control de las acciones afirmativas, se trata de una situación compleja que tiene sus raíces en una cultura en donde el racismo frente a la diversidad étnica está vigente y la corrupción son su principal obstáculo. Esto se expresa con nitidez en los resultados de las contiendas electorales para elegir Diputados Federales en los Distritos Indígenas para las legislaturas LXIV (2018-2021) y LXV (2021-2024).
{"title":"Una mirada antropológica a la usurpación de la identidad indígena en las elecciones de 2018 y 2021 en México","authors":"Laura R. Valladares","doi":"10.1590/1809-43412021v18a804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43412021v18a804","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen La construcción de una democracia plural con inclusión de las y los indígenas en condiciones de equidad tiene grandes retos, pues si bien las acciones afirmativas en materia electoral han registrado un avance relevante, la distancia entre las normas y su cumplimiento es enorme, por lo que la equidad electoral es todavía una asignatura pendiente, inicialmente porque existe una resistencia de los partidos políticos y los actores políticos para pluralizar el poder. El principal problema no se resuelve solamente en términos de técnica jurídica, es decir, de afinar los mecanismos de implementación y control de las acciones afirmativas, se trata de una situación compleja que tiene sus raíces en una cultura en donde el racismo frente a la diversidad étnica está vigente y la corrupción son su principal obstáculo. Esto se expresa con nitidez en los resultados de las contiendas electorales para elegir Diputados Federales en los Distritos Indígenas para las legislaturas LXIV (2018-2021) y LXV (2021-2024).","PeriodicalId":37082,"journal":{"name":"Vibrant Virtual Brazilian Anthropology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67213111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1809-43412021v18a503
Antonio Cerdeira Pilão
Abstract This article analyses how monogamy, polyamory and other forms of non-monogamy are displayed, interpreted and debated among LGBT groups. Is there a defence of affective and sexual multiplicity or does an endorsement of monogamy predominate, in order to claim greater legitimacy? The study was conducted between 2012 and 2017, based on ethnographic research carried out with virtual LGBT groups. I argue that there is no consensus that monogamy is an oppressive norm analogous to heteronormativity among lesbians, gays, and bisexuals, nor that polyamory is their ideal model for overcoming it. Through this study, I contribute to the understanding of the moral conflicts developed in the field of ‘sexual politics’ in contemporary Brazil.
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