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COVID-19-Related FAQs as a Form of Online Institutional Communication: An Exploratory Study 新型冠状病毒肺炎相关常见问题问答作为机构在线交流形式的探索性研究
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-26 DOI: 10.7358/lcm-2022-002-kper
Katia Peruzzo
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected everyone’s life, and COVID-19 prevention and control measures have altered everyone’s daily routine. Such measures have been put in place through legislative and regulatory acts, whose typical linguistic features make them not always accessible to the population they apply to. Therefore, other forms of communication have been used as a form of mediation, for instance by institutions and news media outlets, to share information on and thus facilitate the implementation of such measures among the population. This paper presents an exploratory micro-analysis of an English and an Italian webpage containing frequently asked questions (FAQs), a web genre often used for knowledge dissemination but still scarcely investigated from a linguistic perspective. The aim of the FAQs examined is to explain the provisions adopted to tackle the second wave of the pandemic (the two webpages were available online in September 2020) to a non-specialised and non-better specified audience. After briefly discussing the content distribution, the study adopts a conversation analysis perspective to identify the type of questions used and the (lack of ) question-conditioned relevance in adjacency pairs.
新冠肺炎疫情影响到每个人的生活,防控措施改变了每个人的日常生活。这些措施是通过立法和管理法令实施的,这些法令的典型语言特点使其适用的人口并不总是能够理解这些措施。因此,机构和新闻媒体等机构利用其他形式的通讯作为调解的一种形式,以便在民众中分享有关这些措施的信息,从而促进这些措施的执行。本文对包含常见问题(FAQs)的英语和意大利语网页进行了探索性的微观分析,这是一种经常用于知识传播的网络类型,但很少从语言学的角度进行研究。所审查的常见问题解答的目的是向非专业和未明确指定的受众解释为应对第二波大流行而采取的规定(这两个网页于2020年9月在线提供)。在简要讨论了内容分布之后,本研究采用会话分析的视角来识别邻接对中使用的问题类型和(缺乏)问题条件相关性。
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引用次数: 0
Forensic Turning Points: Exhumations, Dignity, and Iconoclasm 法医学的转折点:掘尸、尊严和偶像破坏
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-24 DOI: 10.7358/lcm-2022-001-pala
Daniel Palacios González
Between 100,000 and 130,000 people were murdered during the war and dictatorship in Spain from 1936 onward. Thousands of bodies were buried in mass graves which were then monumentalized decades later. Since the year 2000, the commemorative practices surrounding the victims of the war and dictatorship changed radically: hundreds of exhumations took place and the rhetoric on human rights and dignity was generalized in the discourses. This phenomenon is associated with the idea of the “forensic turn”. However, the situation presents a double crisis: that of the popular forms of memorial based on honour and the monument, threatened by the scientific paradigm, and the lack of social recognition of the victims, of which the exhumations are not part of a judicial process, and how the ratios of identifications are low in the current model. Therefore, by means of an interdisciplinary approach to the context, this article contributes to the debate on the current crisis of the memory policies in the Kingdom of Spain demonstrating the limits of the “forensic turn” and the exhumation-based model promoted by the government of Spain.
从1936年起,在西班牙的战争和独裁统治期间,有10万到13万人被谋杀。成千上万的尸体被埋在乱葬坑里,几十年后这些乱葬坑被建成纪念碑。自2000年以来,围绕战争和独裁受害者的纪念活动发生了根本变化:进行了数百次挖掘,关于人权和尊严的言论在话语中普遍化。这种现象与“法医转向”的概念有关。然而,这种情况呈现出双重危机:一是基于荣誉和纪念碑的流行纪念形式受到科学范式的威胁,二是缺乏对受害者的社会认可,其中挖掘不是司法程序的一部分,以及目前模式下身份的比例如何低。因此,通过跨学科的方法,本文有助于对西班牙王国当前记忆政策危机的辩论,展示了西班牙政府推动的“法医转向”和以挖掘为基础的模式的局限性。
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引用次数: 1
Crisi. Una conversazione interdisciplinare su una parola chiave della nostra congiuntura storica 危机。跨学科的对话,关于我们历史时代的一个关键字
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-24 DOI: 10.7358/lcm-2022-001-dega
Lidia De Michelis, R. Garruccio
This collaborative essay aims to provide a theoretical and discursive background to the thematic issue of Languages Cultures Mediation – LCM devoted to exploring crisis/crises. It consists, therefore, of two parts. The first one starts with a few considerations on the current conjuncture, in which “crisis” stands out as a powerful keyword which is ubiquitous across mainstream communication and public debate. It continues by foregrounding some thoughts on the definitions of this term and its deceptive intuitiveness, concurring to highlight some slippages and shifts in its usage and meanings over time. Finally, it attempts to stylize some assumptions, premises, perspectives and theoretical issues concerning the conceptualization of crisis and how to interpret it, including narratives and memory work. The second part of the essay provides a review and a discussion of theoretical perspectives and interpretive tools for addressing more specifically the category of crisis as a discursive, affective and imaginative construction. In the process, it engages in a conversation with some recent analytical approaches to crisis pertaining, mostly, to the conceptual and ideological arenas of linguistics, critical discourse analysis, narrative and metaphor studies, political communication.
这篇合作论文旨在为致力于探索危机/危机的语言文化调解- LCM主题问题提供理论和话语背景。因此,它由两部分组成。第一篇文章从对当前危机的一些思考开始,“危机”作为一个强大的关键词,在主流传播和公共辩论中无处不在。接着,它对这个术语的定义及其具有欺骗性的直观性提出了一些想法,同时强调了它的用法和含义随着时间的推移而发生的一些滑动和变化。最后,它试图将一些关于危机概念化以及如何解释危机的假设、前提、观点和理论问题程式化,包括叙事和记忆工作。文章的第二部分提供了对理论视角和解释工具的回顾和讨论,以更具体地解决危机作为话语,情感和想象结构的类别。在这个过程中,它与一些最近的危机分析方法进行了对话,这些方法主要涉及语言学的概念和意识形态领域,批判性话语分析,叙事和隐喻研究,政治传播。
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引用次数: 0
Crisi. Quale crisi? Stabilizzazione e caos 危机。危机是什么?稳定与混乱
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-24 DOI: 10.7358/lcm-2022-001-pedr
R. Pedretti
This essay aims to reflect on the concept of crisis by focusing on the centrality this term has assumed in the context of contemporary public and political debate, and on the ambiguities that accompany its use in an attempt to normalise its ideological function and role. The ambiguity and conceptual density of the word “crisis” and the multiplicity of meanings that make it versatile and adaptable to the most diverse contexts contribute to fuelling a mechanism of naturalisation, even though its deployment is normally associated with conditions of extraordinariness, exceptionality, and unpredictability. In this perspective, the crisis, a constant and pervasive presence invading every area of social space and life, is unveiled as being the product of specific ideological and political practices, and social conflicts, representing multiple interests coagulated around the needs and objectives of global capitalism. The naturalisation and normalisation of the crisis do not seem to completely close off, however, the possibility of producing the conditions to imagine incisive forms of resistance and opposition. To achieve this aim, it seems imperative to recover the reasons and motivations for a cultural battle that looks at knowledge, in its manifold meanings, as a primary tool for emancipation and liberation.
本文旨在通过关注这个术语在当代公共和政治辩论中的中心地位,以及在试图规范其意识形态功能和角色的过程中伴随其使用的模糊性,来反思危机的概念。“危机”一词的模糊性和概念性密度,以及使其具有多用途和适应最多样化背景的多重含义,有助于推动归化机制,尽管它的部署通常与非凡、例外和不可预测性的条件有关。从这个角度来看,危机是一种侵入社会空间和生活的每一个领域的持续而普遍的存在,它被揭示为特定的意识形态和政治实践以及社会冲突的产物,代表着围绕全球资本主义的需求和目标而凝聚的多种利益。然而,危机的归化和正常化似乎并没有完全关闭产生条件来想象尖锐形式的抵抗和反对的可能性。为了实现这一目标,似乎有必要恢复一场文化斗争的原因和动机,这场文化斗争将知识的多种含义视为解放和解放的主要工具。
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引用次数: 0
Crise de l’Histoire, crise de la représentation: “La Mémoire collective” de Zhang Kangkang et autres exemples de “métafiction historiographique” dans la littérature chinoise d’avant-garde 历史的危机,再现的危机:张康康的《集体记忆》等中国前卫文学中“史学元小说”的例子
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-24 DOI: 10.7358/lcm-2022-001-pezz
A. Pezza
If history has been defined as a crucial element to construct national identity, what happens when its reliability is contested? In China, despite having been considered for a long time as an instrument of propaganda, narrative’s relative freedom of re-elaboration, as Dutrait (1989) suggested, has covered an essential function in the process of reflection on historiographic processes. The paper considers some literary works belonging to what Linda Hutcheon (1988) defined as “historiographical metafiction”: novels and short stories by a variety of different authors, all characterized by intertextuality and an explicit reflection on the process of writing literature and history, as well as by a questioning of the meaning and truthfulness of memory. It proposes an overview on some of those texts, and a specific focus on Zhang Kangkang’s short story “Collective Memory” (Jiti jiyi 集体记忆, 2000), showing how, by suggesting a reshaping of the “imaginary mirror” that history is in China today, they open questions on the topics of historical traumatism, memory, and writing.
如果历史被定义为构建国家认同的关键因素,那么当它的可靠性受到质疑时会发生什么?在中国,尽管长期以来一直被认为是一种宣传工具,但正如Dutrait(1989)所指出的,叙事的相对自由的重新阐述,在反思历史编纂过程的过程中,已经涵盖了一个必不可少的功能。本文考虑了一些属于Linda Hutcheon(1988)定义为“历史元小说”的文学作品:由各种不同作者创作的小说和短篇小说,它们的特点都是互文性,对文学和历史写作过程的明确反思,以及对记忆的意义和真实性的质疑。本文概述了其中的一些文本,并特别关注了张康康的短篇小说《集体记忆》(2000),展示了如何通过重塑今天中国历史的“想象的镜子”,他们提出了关于历史创伤、记忆和写作等主题的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Il tempo e la crisi. Analisi di un binomio costitutivo della modernità europea 天气和危机。欧洲现代化的两部分
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-24 DOI: 10.7358/lcm-2022-001-ampo
A. Ampollini
This article aims to reconstruct the history of the concept of crisis and its links with the main temporal models of European modernity, paying particular attention to Marxian thought and to some of the most significant critiques that have been addressed to it. During this historical and conceptual analysis, three objectives will be basically pursued: firstly, to show the positive meaning that ‘crisis’ has assumed within the modern philosophies of history and to investigate its debts with the Judeo-Christian tradition; secondly, to prove that Marx did not intend to support, as he has often been accused of, any staged and linear conception of history, but rather to highlight the existence of different temporal strata, within which ‘crisis’ does not produce any forced outcome; finally, to analyze how, between the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries, authors like Nietzsche and Spengler tried to eliminate – without succeeding – faith in historical progress.
本文旨在重建危机概念的历史及其与欧洲现代性主要时间模型的联系,特别关注马克思主义思想和一些对其提出的最重要的批评。在这一历史和概念分析过程中,将主要追求三个目标:首先,展示“危机”在现代历史哲学中所具有的积极意义,并调查其与犹太-基督教传统的关系;其次,证明马克思并不打算支持他经常被指责的任何阶段和线性的历史概念,而是强调不同时间阶层的存在,在这些阶层中,“危机”不会产生任何强制性的结果;最后,分析在19世纪和20世纪之间,尼采和斯宾格勒等作家是如何试图消除——但没有成功——对历史进步的信仰的。
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引用次数: 0
Crisi americane: Paine, Hawthorne, Thoreau 潘恩,霍桑,梭罗
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-24 DOI: 10.7358/lcm-2022-001-dema
Manlio Della Marca
Taking as my point of departure Emanuel Leutze’s 1851 monumental canvas Washington Crossing the Delaware, in this article I discuss the ways in which the event depicted in Leutze’s iconic painting relates to the publication of Thomas Paine’s influential pamphlet The American Crisis, No. 1 (1776). Then, I examine how from the 1770s on the concept of “crisis” becomes what the German historian Reinhart Koselleck has called “a structural signature of modernity”. Finally, I turn my attention to two scenes – the first from Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter (1850) and the second from Henry David Thoreau’s Walden (1854) – in which both of these American Renaissance writers describe some moments of crisis and reflect on the transformative potential of critical situations for human beings.
以伊曼纽尔·卢茨1851年的不朽油画《华盛顿穿越特拉华河》为起点,本文将讨论卢茨这幅标志性油画中描绘的事件与托马斯·潘恩出版的颇具影响力的小册子《美国危机》(1776年)之间的关系。然后,我研究了从18世纪70年代开始,“危机”的概念如何变成德国历史学家莱因哈特•科塞莱克(Reinhart Koselleck)所说的“现代性的结构性特征”。最后,我将注意力转向两个场景——第一个场景来自纳撒尼尔·霍桑的《红字》(1850),第二个场景来自亨利·大卫·梭罗的《瓦尔登湖》(1854)——在这两个场景中,这两位美国文艺复兴时期的作家都描述了一些危机时刻,并反思了危急情况对人类的变革潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Grande Recessione, finanza e promessa nel romanzo statunitense di immigrazione: The Wangs vs the World di Jade Chang e Behold the Dreamers di Imbolo Mbue 在杰德昌(Jade Chang)的美国移民小说《王者vs世界》(The Wangs vs The World)中,经济大衰退、金融和承诺
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-24 DOI: 10.7358/lcm-2022-001-schi
C. Schiavini
Besides the complexity of market structures, the 2008 financial crisis (or Great Recession) has also testified how the representation of the crisis has often been also the crisis of representation: largely focused on the so-called “fiction of the Capital”, and on the white middle and upper-middle class, literature has often been unable to transcend the limits of the traditional “neoliberal” novel and its national(ist) perspective, and investigate the effects of the crisis on ethnic communities, where racial discrimination has long paralleled the economic one. The regenerative potential of the crisis in the XXI century explored by Richard Gray (2011) and the contiguities between derivative finance and language investigated by Appadurai (2016) are the starting point for an exploration of the Great Recession through the immigrant/migrant eyes in two ethnic novels: Jade Chang’s The Wangs vs the World (2016), a comic Coast-to-Coast trip eastward bound involving a wealthy and conflictual Chinese family whose financial ruin leads to the search for their luck back East; and Imbolo Mbue’s Behold the Dreamers (2016), the story of a Cameroonian couple and their attempts for a new life in New York chasing the American Dream in the shadow of the Lehman Brothers collapse. In these two novels, the crisis is explored in relation to the concept of the “promise”, at the core of the immigrant experience – both in cultural and linguistic terms; and with the re-negotiations and the new forms of transnational identities imposed by the crisis, that questions the virtual and real value (and price) of the American Dream.
除了市场结构的复杂性,2008年的金融危机(或大衰退)也证明了危机的表征往往也是表征的危机:文学主要关注所谓的“首都小说”,以及白人中产阶级和中上层阶级,往往无法超越传统的“新自由主义”小说及其国家(主义)视角的限制,并调查危机对种族社区的影响,种族歧视长期以来与经济歧视并行。理查德·格雷(2011)探讨的21世纪危机的再生潜力,以及阿帕杜赖(2016)研究的衍生金融与语言之间的相似性,是两部民族小说通过移民/移民的视角探索大衰退的起点:张玉玉的《王家与世界》(2016),一个富有而又矛盾的中国家庭,因为经济崩溃而不得不回到东方寻找他们的运气,这是一场从东海岸到东海岸的喜剧之旅;Imbolo Mbue的《看,梦想家》(2016),讲述了一对喀麦隆夫妇在雷曼兄弟破产的阴影下,在纽约追求美国梦的故事。在这两部小说中,从文化和语言的角度探讨了危机与移民经历的核心“承诺”概念的关系;随着危机带来的重新谈判和新形式的跨国身份,这对美国梦的虚拟和真实价值(和价格)提出了质疑。
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引用次数: 0
Songs without Sunrise: Irish Victorian Poetry and the Risorgimento 《没有日出的歌:爱尔兰维多利亚诗歌与复兴》
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-24 DOI: 10.7358/lcm-2022-001-vand
Frederik Van Dam
While the Risorgimento had a profound impact on the shape of English literature, this geopolitical crisis did not leave a similar imprint on Irish literature. Historical circumstances can explain why the nineteenth-century struggle for the unification of Italy did not lead to rapprochement between Italy and Ireland: support for the Italian cause put Irish nationalists in opposition with Catholic interests at home, while in the eyes of Italian nationalists the Irish question weakened the function of Britain as a liberalising power. Even so, a few Irish poets did address the Risorgimento. This article shows how poems by Thomas Davis, James Clarence Mangan, Jane Francesca Elgee, and Aubrey de Vere express a variety of positions (isolationism, catastrophism, liberalism, realism) that are informed by a complex constellation of geopolitical factors. By means of a series of close readings, the present inquiry aims to shed new light on the geopolitical form of Irish poetry in the Victorian age.
虽然复兴运动对英国文学的形成产生了深远的影响,但这场地缘政治危机并没有给爱尔兰文学留下类似的印记。历史环境可以解释为什么19世纪意大利统一的斗争没有导致意大利和爱尔兰之间的和解:对意大利事业的支持使爱尔兰民族主义者在国内与天主教利益对立,而在意大利民族主义者眼中,爱尔兰问题削弱了英国作为一个自由化大国的作用。即便如此,还是有一些爱尔兰诗人提到了复兴运动。本文展示了托马斯·戴维斯、詹姆斯·克拉伦斯·曼根、简·弗朗西斯卡·埃尔吉和奥布里·德维尔的诗歌如何表达各种立场(孤立主义、灾难主义、自由主义、现实主义),这些立场受到地缘政治因素的复杂影响。通过一系列的仔细阅读,目前的调查旨在揭示维多利亚时代爱尔兰诗歌的地缘政治形式。
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引用次数: 0
The Problem Space of Nature in Chongqing: A Conjunctural Analysis of Environmental Crisis Discourses and Local Housing Practices 重庆的自然问题空间:环境危机话语与地方住房实践的结合分析
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-24 DOI: 10.7358/lcm-2022-001-bona
Michela Bonato
Over the past decade, China’s centralized politics have explored new resources to tame the sustainability question and hinder the possibility for narratives of crisis to institutionalize foci of social and territorial malaise. The party-state rhetoric has focused its attention on inverse discourses of future environmental civilization whereas the current conjuncture shapes the local greenspace as a problem space. The analysis of environmental crisis discourses in Chongqing reveals the conundrum of redefining the commons in transitional times characterized by practices of redenomination of nature reserves and green objectifying high-end real estate advertisement. It points out how the crisis is turned into an opportunity for further uneven development through a process of emplacement on the basis of individualized forms of environmental protection. On the other hand, the digital makes space for alternative narratives of awareness which evoke a sense of social responsibility to understand the territorial changes and avoid a complete de-politicization of local communities on the governance of commons. The essay reveals how the state of tension within the eco-commodity production and circulation is linked to discourses of emotional proximity to the landscape.
在过去的十年里,中国的中央集权政治已经探索了新的资源来驯服可持续性问题,并阻碍了危机叙事将社会和领土问题制度化的可能性。党国修辞将注意力集中在对未来环境文明的反向论述上,而当前的形势则将当地的绿色空间塑造为一个问题空间。通过对重庆环境危机话语的分析,揭示了以自然保护区重新命名和高端房地产广告绿色物化为特征的转型时期公地重新定义的难题。指出在环境保护的个体化形式的基础上,如何通过安置的过程将危机转化为进一步不平衡发展的机会。另一方面,数字为另一种意识叙事提供了空间,这种叙事唤起了一种理解领土变化的社会责任感,并避免了地方社区在公地治理上的完全去政治化。本文揭示了生态商品生产和流通中的紧张状态如何与对景观的情感接近的话语联系在一起。
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引用次数: 0
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Languages Cultures Mediation
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