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Molecular frequency of bovine leukemia virus in Creole cattle of Eastern Colombia 哥伦比亚东部克里奥尔牛中牛白血病病毒的分子频率
IF 1.9 Q1 Veterinary Pub Date : 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100372
Jeiczon Jaimes-Dueñez, Eyner Goyeneche-Ortiz, Marisol Tique-Oviedo, Melissa C Ortiz-Pineda, Luis Cardenas-Pinto, Angela Patricia Jimenez-Leaño, Julian Ruiz-Saenz

Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (EBL), caused by the bovine leukosis virus (BLV), is a global infectious disease affecting livestock. This study focuses on studying the frequency and genetic traits of BLV in three Creole breeds including Chino Santandereano (Chino), Casanareño (CAS), and Sanmartinero (SM) in Eastern Colombia. We implemented a cross-sectional survey between 2019 and 2020 across four departments (Arauca, Casanare, Santander and Meta) in Eastern Colombia to assess the molecular characteristics of BLV infection in these breeds. A total of 253 cattle were analyzed, of which 42.6 %, 28.8 %, and 28.4 % belonged to the Chino, CAS, and SM breeds, respectively. BLV provirus was detected using nested polymerase chain reaction (n-PCR) targeting the conserved region of the env viral gene. Subsequently, the obtained amplicons were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analyses. The overall BLV infection frequency was 26.48 % (95 % CI: 21.01 – 31.98 %), with Chino exhibiting the highest frequency (35.1 %) following by SAM and CAS, respectively (P < 0.05). Other epidemiological variables associated with the infection included age, department, and season (P < 0.05). BLV-positive animals exhibited elevated levels of total serum proteins (P < 0.05), while molecular characterization revealed the exclusive circulation of BLV genotype 1 within these breeds. This study provides an updated assessment of BLV infection in Creole breeds from the eastern of Colombia, underscoring their lower infection frequency compared to introduced breeds and their reduced susceptibility to developing clinical signs. The epidemiological and molecular characteristics observed should be considered in developing control programs aimed at improving genetic resistance to BLV in Colombian cattle.

由牛白血病病毒(BLV)引起的牛白血病(EBL)是一种影响家畜的全球性传染病。本研究重点研究了哥伦比亚东部三个克里奥尔品种(包括奇诺-桑坦德雷亚诺(Chino Santandereano)、卡萨纳雷尼奥(Casanareño)和圣马蒂内罗(Sanmartinero))中BLV的发生频率和遗传特征。我们于 2019 年至 2020 年期间在哥伦比亚东部的四个省(阿劳卡省、卡萨纳雷省、桑坦德省和梅塔省)开展了一项横断面调查,以评估这些品种感染 BLV 的分子特征。共分析了 253 头牛,其中 42.6%、28.8% 和 28.4% 分别属于奇诺、CAS 和 SM 品种。使用巢式聚合酶链反应(n-PCR)检测BLV前病毒,目标是env病毒基因的保守区。随后,对获得的扩增子进行了测序和系统发育分析。BLV的总体感染率为26.48%(95% CI:21.01 - 31.98%),奇诺的感染率最高(35.1%),其次分别是萨姆和中科院(P < 0.05)。与感染有关的其他流行病学变量包括年龄、部门和季节(P < 0.05)。BLV阳性动物的血清总蛋白水平升高(P <0.05),而分子特征显示,BLV基因型1在这些品种中独家流行。这项研究对哥伦比亚东部克里奥尔种猪的 BLV 感染情况进行了最新评估,强调与引进种猪相比,克里奥尔种猪的感染频率较低,而且出现临床症状的易感性也较低。在制定旨在提高哥伦比亚牛群对 BLV 遗传抗性的控制计划时,应考虑观察到的流行病学和分子特征。
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引用次数: 0
Time budgets differ in horses during continuous and space-restricted rotational grazing 马匹在连续放牧和受空间限制的轮牧期间的时间预算不同
IF 1.5 Q1 Veterinary Pub Date : 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100371
Beverly Gartland , William Strunk , Bruce Schulte , Fred DeGraves , Jim Koostra

Horses can become obese and develop related health issues such as laminitis from excessive grazing on high-quality pasture grass; limiting pasture intake can allow weight loss to occur. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of space-restricted rotational grazing on body weight (BW) and time budgets in horses. Eight mature geldings and mares with maintenance-only requirements were randomly assigned to either a space-restricted rotational grazing group (SRG; BW 512 ± 6 kg; n = 4) or a continuous grazing group (CG; BW 517 ± 49 kg; n = 4) for 42 d SRG horses grazed an area with dimensions to provide 80–90 % of mean digestible energy requirement for the 4 horses over a 7-d grazing period; whereas, the CG horses continuously grazed similar non-toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue pasture providing greater than maintenance requirements for the 42 d Horses in the SRG group were moved to a new area every 7 d for 6 weeks. On d 7 at 1600 h of each week, horses were brought inside, and feed was withheld overnight. At 0700 h the next day, BWs were recorded prior to turnout. Observers recorded behaviors simultaneously on SRG and CG horses every six minutes throughout the day three days per week according to an ethogram. This included 30 s scans of all horses. Proportion of grazing and standing had an inverse relationship. Proportion of grazing was affected by the treatment by time interaction, which grazing was displayed more in SRG than CG during weeks 2 and 3, and then reversed weeks 4, 5 and 6.

过度放牧优质牧草会导致马匹肥胖并引发相关的健康问题,例如蹄叶炎;限制牧草的摄入量可以减轻马匹的体重。本研究旨在确定限制空间的轮牧对马体重(BW)和时间预算的影响。将 8 匹只需饲养的成熟公马和母马随机分配到空间受限轮牧组(SRG;体重 512 ± 6 kg;n = 4)或连续放牧组(CG;体重 517 ± 49 kg;n = 4),轮牧 42 天;而 CG 组的马匹则在 42 天内持续放牧类似的无毒内生菌感染的高羊茅牧草,所提供的能量高于维持需求 SRG 组的马匹在 6 周内每 7 天被转移到一个新的区域。第 7 天,即每周的 16:00 时,将马匹牵入室内,隔夜不喂食。第二天早上 7 点,在放风前记录体重。观察人员每周三天,每隔六分钟同时记录SRG和CG马全天的行为。这包括对所有马匹进行 30 秒钟的扫描。吃草的比例与站立的比例成反比。吃草的比例受处理与时间交互作用的影响,即在第2周和第3周,SRG比CG表现出更多的吃草行为,然后在第4周、第5周和第6周发生逆转。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of probiotic-supplemented milk replacer on growth, blood biochemistry, fermentation, digestibility, and carcass traits in lambs 添加益生菌的代乳品对羔羊生长、血液生化、发酵、消化率和胴体性状的影响
IF 1.5 Q1 Veterinary Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100368
SH Mousavi Esfiokhi, MA Norouzian, MR Sahl Abadi, MR Rezaei Ahvanooei

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of feeding cow's milk replacer and probiotic supplementation on growth performance, blood metabolites, ruminal fermentation parameters, and nutrient digestibility in male lambs, with ewe's milk serving as the control treatment. Eighteen male lambs with an average initial body weight of 5.0 ± 1.2 kg and age of 15 ± 4 days were randomly assigned to three experimental groups: ewe's milk, cow's milk replacer, and cow's milk replacer with probiotic supplementation. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design. Lambs fed ewe's milk showed significantly higher average daily gain (218.4 g/day) compared to those fed cow's milk replacer (183.7 g/day) or cow's milk replacer with probiotic (209.1 g/day). Similarly, dry matter intake was highest in the ewe's milk group (585.6 g/day) compared to the cow's milk replacer (435.9 g/day) and cow's milk replacer with probiotic (510.5 g/day) groups. Blood glucose levels were higher in the ewe's milk group (75.3 mg/dL) compared to the cow's milk replacer (70.3 mg/dL) and cow's milk replacer with probiotic (72.1 mg/dL) groups. Probiotic supplementation resulted in increased blood urea nitrogen (15.6 mg/dL) and total protein (7.3 g/dL) levels compared to the other groups. Furthermore, the ewe's milk group showed higher apparent dry matter (76.1%) and crude protein (68.5%) digestibility compared to the other treatments. The fecal score on day 30 was higher in the cow's milk replacer group (2.34) compared to the ewe's milk (1.24) and cow's milk replacer with probiotic (1.45) groups. There were no significant differences in the carcass traits of the experimental lambs. In conclusion, based on the results of this study, it seems that feeding cow's milk + probiotic as a replacement for ewe's milk did not significantly affect the performance, carcass traits, and blood and fermentation parameters in infant lambs.

本研究旨在探讨饲喂牛奶代用品和补充益生菌对雄性羔羊生长性能、血液代谢物、瘤胃发酵参数和养分消化率的影响,母羊奶作为对照处理。将 18 只平均初始体重为 5.0 ± 1.2 千克、日龄为 15 ± 4 天的雄性羔羊随机分配到三个实验组:母羊奶组、牛奶代用品组和补充益生菌的牛奶代用品组。实验采用完全随机设计。与饲喂牛奶代用品(183.7 克/天)或添加益生菌的牛奶代用品(209.1 克/天)的羔羊相比,饲喂母羊奶的羔羊平均日增重(218.4 克/天)明显更高。同样,母羊奶组的干物质摄入量最高(585.6 克/天),而牛奶代乳粉组(435.9 克/天)和添加益生菌的牛奶代乳粉组(510.5 克/天)的干物质摄入量最低。母羊奶组的血糖水平(75.3 毫克/分升)高于代乳品组(70.3 毫克/分升)和添加益生菌的代乳品组(72.1 毫克/分升)。与其他组相比,添加益生菌可提高血尿素氮(15.6 毫克/分升)和总蛋白(7.3 克/分升)水平。此外,与其他处理相比,母羊奶组的表观干物质(76.1%)和粗蛋白(68.5%)消化率更高。与母牛奶组(1.24)和添加益生菌的代乳品组(1.45)相比,代乳品组第 30 天的粪便评分(2.34)更高。实验羔羊的胴体性状没有明显差异。总之,根据这项研究的结果,用牛奶+益生菌替代母羊奶喂养婴儿羔羊似乎对羔羊的生产性能、胴体性状、血液和发酵参数没有显著影响。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of the digestibility, growth performance, hematological and serum biochemical profile of Bandjock Local Pigs (BLP) and Duroc X Large White pigs (DLW) 评估班卓克本地猪(BLP)和杜洛克 X 大白猪(DLW)的消化率、生长性能、血液学和血清生化指标
IF 1.5 Q1 Veterinary Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100370
Sandra Olivia Magne Ghomsi , Sylvain Nsangou Pechangou , Regine Sandra Maafo , Hippolyte Tene Mouafo , Agbor Kingsley Etchu , Felix Charles Bilong Bilong , Paul Fewou Moundipa

The study aimed to assess the digestibility, growth performance, and selected biochemical and hematological parameters of Bandjock Local pigs (BLP) and Duroc X Large White pigs (DLW). We hypothesize that the use of local ingredients in diet formulation associated to improved rearing conditions, enhance the growth performance, digestibility, biochemical and hematological parameters of BLP. The trial involved dividing twenty-four eight-week-old weaner pigs into two groups. Each group was randomly assigned to separate pig units. Animal management and feeding were consistent between both groups. The trial lasted for 120 days during which the growth performance, the digestibility of ingested nutrients, and biochemical and hematological parameters were evaluated. The results indicate that DLW pigs registered a weight gain (46.56±5.19 kg) significantly higher than BLP pigs (34.02), with a statistically similar feed conversion ratio. Except for albumin which was significantly higher in DLW and urea in BLP, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in total protein, cholesterol, globulin, triglycerides, creatinine, AST, and ALT as well as hematological parameters between the breeds. However, the exotic DLW had a relatively high mean blood platelets and white blood cell concentration. Although the fecal nitrogen was higher in BLP and the urinary nitrogen was lower in the DLW, there were significant differences (p < 0.05) for urine, fecal, and total excreted nitrogen in both breeds. The lowest scores in nutrient digestibility were recorded with BLP compared to DWL, except for crude fibers. The results of this study demonstrated that using diet formulated with local ingredients and improved rearing conditions, Cameroonian local indigenous pigs have a better productivity compared to exotic breeds. It suggests that efforts should be made by authorities to promote and valorize the rearing of indigenous pigs in complement to exotic pig breeds in view of strengthening the Cameroonian pig industry.

本研究旨在评估班卓克本地猪(BLP)和杜洛克 X 大白猪(DLW)的消化率、生长性能、生化指标和血液指标。我们假设,在日粮配方中使用当地食材并改善饲养条件,可提高本地猪的生长性能、消化率、生化指标和血液指标。试验将二十四头八周龄的断奶猪分成两组。每组随机分配到不同的养猪单元。两组的动物管理和饲喂方式保持一致。试验持续了 120 天,在此期间对猪的生长性能、摄入营养的消化率以及生化和血液学参数进行了评估。结果表明,DLW 猪的增重(46.56±5.19 千克)明显高于 BLP 猪(34.02 千克),饲料转化率在统计上相似。除了白蛋白(DLW 明显高于 BLP)和尿素(BLP 明显高于 DLW)之外,各品种之间在总蛋白、胆固醇、球蛋白、甘油三酯、肌酐、谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶以及血液学参数方面没有显著差异(p > 0.05)。然而,外来大龙虾的平均血小板和白细胞浓度相对较高。虽然 BLP 的粪氮较高,DLW 的尿氮较低,但两个品种的尿氮、粪氮和总排泄氮均存在显著差异(p < 0.05)。与 DWL 相比,BLP 的营养物质消化率得分最低,但粗纤维除外。这项研究的结果表明,与外来猪种相比,喀麦隆本地猪在使用当地原料配制的日粮和改善饲养条件的情况下具有更高的生产率。这表明,当局应努力促进和重视本地猪的饲养,以补充外来猪种,从而加强喀麦隆的养猪业。
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引用次数: 0
Efficiency of recombinant Ybgf in a double antigen-ELISA for the detection of Coxiella antibodies in ruminants 重组 Ybgf 在双抗原-ELISA 中检测反刍动物体内柯西氏杆菌抗体的效率
IF 1.5 Q1 Veterinary Pub Date : 2024-06-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100366
Gianmarco Ferrara , Barbara Colitti , Flores-Ramires Gabriela , Sergio Rosati , Giuseppe Iovane , Ugo Pagnini , Serena Montagnaro

Q fever is a zoonosis whose main reservoirs are domestic ruminants. Surveillance in these species is carried out mainly with serological tests, which, however, have limited diagnostic performance, and their manufacturing requires laboratories equipped with high biosafety requirements for antigen production. Recombinant ELISAs do not depend on these requirements and, being based on a single antigen, can reduce potential false positivity by identifying antibodies specific to a phase of infection. The aim of this study was to apply a new technology (dual antigen test) to a recombinant protein (Ybgf), an antigen produced in recombinant form and already used in previous studies for the design of an indirect ELISA. The successfully produced recombinant antigen was used to coat 96-well plates and, at the same time, another antigen aliquot was conjugated with HRP to obtain an HRP-conjugated Ybgf. After setting the test conditions, the results obtained with the recombinant double antigen test were compared with those obtained with a commercial assay (considered as reference assay) testing a total of 514 ruminant samples (280 goats and 234 cattle). A concordance of 86.2 and a Cohen's Kappa value of 0.72 were obtained, with no significant difference between the two species tested. Notably, the test proved to be highly specific, having correctly identified 250 out of 253 animals. This research represents an additional effort to use recombinant antigens to enhance serological methods in veterinary medicine. In a “one-health scenario”, improving the performance of serological tests used in veterinary practice also means improving the surveillance of this infection.

Q 热是一种人畜共患病,其主要传染源是家养反刍动物。对这些物种的监测主要通过血清学检测进行,但这种检测方法的诊断性能有限,而且其生产需要实验室配备对抗原生产有较高生物安全要求的设备。重组酶联免疫吸附试验不需要满足这些要求,而且基于单一抗原,可以通过识别感染某一阶段的特异性抗体来减少潜在的假阳性。本研究的目的是将新技术(双抗原检测)应用于重组蛋白(Ybgf),这是一种以重组形式生产的抗原,之前的研究已将其用于间接 ELISA 的设计。成功制备的重组抗原被用于涂布 96 孔板,与此同时,另一份抗原等量物与 HRP 相结合,得到 HRP 结合的 Ybgf。设定检测条件后,将重组双抗原检测法与商业检测法(参考检测法)的检测结果进行了比较,共检测了 514 份反刍动物样本(280 份山羊样本和 234 份牛样本)。结果表明,两种检测方法的一致性为 86.2,Cohen's Kappa 值为 0.72,无明显差异。值得注意的是,该测试的特异性很高,在 253 头动物中正确识别了 250 头。这项研究是利用重组抗原改进兽医血清学方法的又一努力。在 "单一健康方案 "中,提高兽医实践中使用的血清学测试的性能也意味着改进对这种感染的监测。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring of spectrum beta lactamase producing multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovars in goat meat markets of Bangladesh 孟加拉国山羊肉市场上产谱β-内酰胺酶耐多药肠炎沙门氏菌血清型的探索
IF 1.5 Q1 Veterinary Pub Date : 2024-06-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100367
Jarin Al Naser , Hemayet Hossain , Md. Shahidur Rahman Chowdhury , Nasrin Akter Liza , Rayhan Mahmud Lasker , Asikur Rahman , Md. Ariful Haque , Md. Mukter Hossain , Md. Mahfujur Rahman

The emergence of Salmonella enterica serovars that produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and exhibit multi-drug resistance (MDR) poses a substantial global threat, contributing to widespread foodborne illnesses and presenting an alarming issue for public health. This study specifically concentrated on the isolation and identification of ESBL-resistant genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M1, blaCTX-M2, blaCTX-M9, MultiCaseACC, MultiCaseMOX, MultiCaseDHA, blaOXA) and the antibiogram profiling of Salmonella enterica serovars found in goat meat samples procured from retail outlets in Bangladesh. During the research in the Sylhet district of Bangladesh, researchers gathered a total of 210 samples of goat meat from 13 different Upazilas. Primarily, cultural and biochemical methods were used for isolation of bacteria from the selected samples. Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis, along with three ESBL-resistant genes, were identified through polymerase chain reactions (PCRs). The disk diffusion test was used to determine antimicrobial susceptibilities. Out of 210 samples analysed, Salmonella spp. was detected in 18.10 % (38 out of 210), with S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium found in 9.05 % (19 out of 210) and 5.24 % (11 out of 210) of the samples, respectively. A total of 72.73 % (8/11) of S. Enteritidis and 100 % (19/19) of S. Typhimurium isolates were positive by Multidrug-resistant patterns. The positive outcomes were found of S. Typhimurium tested 63.16 % (12 out of 19) for the blaTEM gene and 21.05 % (4/19) for the blaSHV, gene. The study proposes that the retail goat meat market channel could be a prominent transmission way of ESBL-producing MDR Salmonella enterica serovars, representing a significant public health hazard.

能产生广谱β-内酰胺酶并表现出多重耐药性(MDR)的肠炎沙门氏菌血清型的出现对全球构成了巨大威胁,导致了广泛的食源性疾病,给公共卫生带来了令人担忧的问题。本研究特别集中于分离和鉴定 ESBL 耐药基因(blaTEM、blaSHV、blaCTX-M1、blaCTX-M2、blaCTX-M9、MultiCaseACC、MultiCaseMOX、MultiCaseDHA、blaOXA),以及对孟加拉国零售店山羊肉样本中发现的肠炎沙门氏菌血清型进行抗生素谱分析。在孟加拉国锡尔赫特地区进行研究期间,研究人员从 13 个不同的乡收集了共计 210 份山羊肉样本。研究人员主要采用培养和生化方法从所选样本中分离细菌。通过聚合酶链式反应 (PCR) 鉴定出了肠炎沙门氏菌血清 Typhimurium 和 Enteritidis 以及三种耐 ESBL 基因。采用盘扩散试验确定抗菌药敏感性。在分析的 210 个样本中,18.10%(210 个样本中有 38 个)检测到沙门氏菌属,9.05%(210 个样本中有 19 个)和 5.24%(210 个样本中有 11 个)的样本中分别检测到肠炎沙门氏菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌。共有 72.73 %(8/11)的肠炎双球菌和 100 %(19/19)的伤寒杆菌分离物呈耐多药模式阳性。伤寒杆菌的 blaTEM 基因检测结果呈阳性的占 63.16%(19 个中有 12 个),blaSHV 基因检测结果呈阳性的占 21.05%(4/19)。该研究认为,山羊肉零售市场渠道可能是产ESBL MDR肠炎沙门氏菌血清型的主要传播途径,对公共健康构成重大危害。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing the impact of thermoregulatory mineral supplementation on thermal comfort in lactating Holstein cows 评估补充体温调节矿物质对泌乳荷斯坦奶牛热舒适度的影响
IF 1.5 Q1 Veterinary Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100363
Rafael Felini , Damiano Cavallini , Giovanni Buonaiuto , Tiago Bordin

Heat stress (HS) occurs when animals are enable to effectively dissipate excessive body heat, potentially affecting their welfare and productivity. Several tools can be used to mitigate HS in dairy cows. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of thermoregulatory mineral supplementation on dairy cows’ physiological response to HS and reproductive status. Thirty pluriparous Holstein dairy cows (2.8 ± 0.3 lactation), from a semi confinement production system (freestall barn), were enrolled in a 35 days duration experiment, and divided into two groups: 15 cows receiving a thermoregulatory mineral mixture containing calcium, sodium, chlorine, and potassium (200 g/day; TRT); and, 15 cows that did not receive any type of supplement (CON). Data on respiration rates (RR), rectal temperature (RT), milk yield, barn temperature, relative humidity, and temperature and humidity index (THI) were obtained on weekly evaluations (D7, D14, D21, D28, and D35). ANOVA and correlation analysis were used to compare variables between groups, and physiological and climate variables, regardless of group. Related to farm's protocols, on D0 and D35, all cows were submitted to US evaluation and categorized as inseminated, pregnant, and not pregnant, and this data analysed using Fisher's exact test. Cows in the TRT group had lower RT, compared to the CON group (38,8 °C and 39,0 °C, respectively; P = 0.0147), however both averages were within physiological range. As to physiological variables, stronger positive correlations were found between RR and RT with barn temperature and THI. In this study, the thermoregulatory mineral supplement did not significantly affect physiological responses to HS or reproductive status.

当动物无法有效散发体内过多热量时,就会出现热应激(HS),从而可能影响其福利和生产率。有几种工具可用于缓解奶牛的热应激。本研究旨在评估补充体温调节矿物质对奶牛热应激生理反应和繁殖状况的影响。来自半圈养生产系统(自由式牛舍)的 30 头多胎荷斯坦奶牛(2.8 ± 0.3 泌乳期)参加了为期 35 天的实验,并被分为两组:15 头奶牛接受含有钙、钠、氯和钾的体温调节矿物质混合物(200 克/天;TRT);15 头奶牛不接受任何类型的补充剂(CON)。每周评估一次(D7、D14、D21、D28 和 D35),获得有关呼吸速率 (RR)、直肠温度 (RT)、产奶量、牛舍温度、相对湿度和温湿度指数 (THI) 的数据。方差分析和相关分析用于比较各组之间的变量以及各组的生理和气候变量。根据牧场规定,在D0和D35,所有奶牛均接受美国评估,并分为人工授精组、怀孕组和未怀孕组。与CON组相比,TRT组奶牛的RT较低(分别为38.8 °C和39.0 °C;P = 0.0147),但两者的平均值均在生理范围内。在生理变量方面,RR 和 RT 与谷仓温度和 THI 之间存在更强的正相关性。在本研究中,体温调节矿物质补充剂对 HS 的生理反应或繁殖状况没有显著影响。
{"title":"Assessing the impact of thermoregulatory mineral supplementation on thermal comfort in lactating Holstein cows","authors":"Rafael Felini ,&nbsp;Damiano Cavallini ,&nbsp;Giovanni Buonaiuto ,&nbsp;Tiago Bordin","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Heat stress (HS) occurs when animals are enable to effectively dissipate excessive body heat, potentially affecting their welfare and productivity. Several tools can be used to mitigate HS in dairy cows. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of thermoregulatory mineral supplementation on dairy cows’ physiological response to HS and reproductive status. Thirty pluriparous Holstein dairy cows (2.8 ± 0.3 lactation), from a semi confinement production system (freestall barn), were enrolled in a 35 days duration experiment, and divided into two groups: 15 cows receiving a thermoregulatory mineral mixture containing calcium, sodium, chlorine, and potassium (200 g/day; TRT); and, 15 cows that did not receive any type of supplement (CON). Data on respiration rates (RR), rectal temperature (RT), milk yield, barn temperature, relative humidity, and temperature and humidity index (THI) were obtained on weekly evaluations (D7, D14, D21, D28, and D35). ANOVA and correlation analysis were used to compare variables between groups, and physiological and climate variables, regardless of group. Related to farm's protocols, on D0 and D35, all cows were submitted to US evaluation and categorized as inseminated, pregnant, and not pregnant, and this data analysed using Fisher's exact test. Cows in the TRT group had lower RT, compared to the CON group (38,8 °C and 39,0 °C, respectively; <em>P</em> = 0.0147), however both averages were within physiological range. As to physiological variables, stronger positive correlations were found between RR and RT with barn temperature and THI. In this study, the thermoregulatory mineral supplement did not significantly affect physiological responses to HS or reproductive status.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451943X24000309/pdfft?md5=9427f87e3d9a0e771bfd957cdb367740&pid=1-s2.0-S2451943X24000309-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141140116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inflammatory uterine microenvironment in long-term infertility repeat breeder cows compared with normal fertile cows 与正常能繁母牛相比,长期不孕重复配种母牛的子宫炎症微环境
IF 1.5 Q1 Veterinary Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100369
Maho Taru , Taiga Katoh , Karen Koshimizu , Sohei Kuribayashi , Ryotaro Miura , Seizo Hamano , Koumei Shirasuna

The reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows is gradually declining, and one of the causes of this problem is the presence of long-term infertility repeat breeder cows (RBCs). The causes of RBCs are largely thought to be maternal factors, including the uterine environment. This study aimed to accurately investigate the uterine environment of RBCs using uterine tissue and fluid. Next, we investigated the effect of nobiletin in bovine endometrial epithelial cells to explore the possibility of improving the uterine environment of RBCs.

Uterine fluid was collected by flushing the uterus and endometrial tissues were collected by biopsy on day 7 of the estrous cycle from both normal fertile cows and RBCs (n = 5 in each group). A comprehensive analysis of the uterus revealed that gene expression and altered pathways differed between normal fertile cows and RBCs. Especially, pathways of natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, cell cycle, and calcium signaling pathway were picked up in the uterine tissues of RBCs. In the uterine fluid, the levels of lipopolysaccharide were higher in the RBC than in normal group (P = 0.08). In in vitro experiment, treatment with the uterine fluid from RBCs upregulated inflammation-related pathways and molecules such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) in bovine endometrial epithelial cells. The treatment with nobiletin suppressed IL-8 induced by the treatment with uterine fluid.

In conclusion, the uterine environment of RBCs was found to be in inflammatory condition, causing the lower reproductive performance. It is necessary to develop methods to improve to the anti-inflammatory state in the uterine environment of RBCs.

泌乳奶牛的繁殖性能正在逐渐下降,造成这一问题的原因之一是存在长期不孕的重复种牛(RBCs)。RBC的成因主要被认为是母体因素,包括子宫环境。本研究旨在利用子宫组织和子宫液准确调查 RBC 的子宫环境。通过冲洗子宫收集子宫液,并在发情周期第 7 天通过活检收集正常育成牛和 RBC 牛(每组 5 头)的子宫内膜组织。对子宫的综合分析表明,正常能繁母牛和红细胞的基因表达和改变途径存在差异。特别是在 RBC 的子宫组织中发现了自然杀伤细胞介导的细胞毒性、细胞周期和钙信号通路。在子宫液中,RBC 的脂多糖含量高于正常组(P = 0.08)。在体外实验中,用 RBC 子宫液处理会上调牛子宫内膜上皮细胞中与炎症相关的通路和分子,如白细胞介素-8(IL-8)。总之,研究发现 RBC 的子宫环境处于炎症状态,导致繁殖性能降低。有必要制定方法来改善 RBC 子宫环境的抗炎状态。
{"title":"Inflammatory uterine microenvironment in long-term infertility repeat breeder cows compared with normal fertile cows","authors":"Maho Taru ,&nbsp;Taiga Katoh ,&nbsp;Karen Koshimizu ,&nbsp;Sohei Kuribayashi ,&nbsp;Ryotaro Miura ,&nbsp;Seizo Hamano ,&nbsp;Koumei Shirasuna","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows is gradually declining, and one of the causes of this problem is the presence of long-term infertility repeat breeder cows (RBCs). The causes of RBCs are largely thought to be maternal factors, including the uterine environment. This study aimed to accurately investigate the uterine environment of RBCs using uterine tissue and fluid. Next, we investigated the effect of nobiletin in bovine endometrial epithelial cells to explore the possibility of improving the uterine environment of RBCs.</p><p>Uterine fluid was collected by flushing the uterus and endometrial tissues were collected by biopsy on day 7 of the estrous cycle from both normal fertile cows and RBCs (<em>n</em> = 5 in each group). A comprehensive analysis of the uterus revealed that gene expression and altered pathways differed between normal fertile cows and RBCs. Especially, pathways of natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, cell cycle, and calcium signaling pathway were picked up in the uterine tissues of RBCs. In the uterine fluid, the levels of lipopolysaccharide were higher in the RBC than in normal group (<em>P</em> = 0.08). In in vitro experiment, treatment with the uterine fluid from RBCs upregulated inflammation-related pathways and molecules such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) in bovine endometrial epithelial cells. The treatment with nobiletin suppressed IL-8 induced by the treatment with uterine fluid.</p><p>In conclusion, the uterine environment of RBCs was found to be in inflammatory condition, causing the lower reproductive performance. It is necessary to develop methods to improve to the anti-inflammatory state in the uterine environment of RBCs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451943X2400036X/pdfft?md5=bd7d4d83b4977b04c271a9152d86a9c6&pid=1-s2.0-S2451943X2400036X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141234837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Genetic profile of milk production traits and analysis of correlations with reproductive performance in the Azawak Zebu in Niger 尼日尔阿扎瓦克斑马的产奶性状遗传概况及与繁殖性能的相关性分析
IF 1.5 Q1 Veterinary Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100365
Adamou Karimou Ibrahim , Issa Moumouni , Chanono Mogueza

The effects of genetic factors on the lactation traits of the Azawak cattle breed are estimated from 11,998 monthly milk records from 1275 complete lactations from 471 Azawak cows bred at the Toukounous experimental centre (Niger), using a multi-trait animal model based on the REML method. The results show that heritability was moderate for persistency (h2 = 0.23), peak lactation (h2 = 0.34), milk yield at 305 days (h2 = 0.30), daily milk yield (h2 = 0.33) and total milk yield (h2 = 0.35). In addition, very high repeatability estimates ranging from 0.50 to 0.58 were associated with the last four traits. Significant phenotypic correlations varying from 0.23 to 0.40 existed between the two reproductive traits (age at first calving and calving interval) and the lactation traits. Similarly, the significant genetic correlations between the traits of milk production and reproduction traits were unfavorable, varying according to the lactation traits considered from 0.32 to 0.87 for age at first calving and from 0.48 to 0.97 for calving interval, indicating that selection for milk yield only should result in a longer calving interval and a later age at first calving. Estimates of the heritability of lactation traits are moderate, as are those of many functional reproductive traits, so the genetic gain from selection on milk production traits alone would be rapid, but antagonistic with reproductive performance.

利用基于 REML 方法的多性状动物模型,从 Toukounous 实验中心(尼日尔)饲养的 471 头阿扎瓦克牛 1275 个完整泌乳期的 11,998 份月产奶记录中,估算了遗传因素对阿扎瓦克牛泌乳性状的影响。结果表明,持续率(h2 = 0.23)、泌乳高峰(h2 = 0.34)、305 天产奶量(h2 = 0.30)、日产奶量(h2 = 0.33)和总产奶量(h2 = 0.35)的遗传率为中等。此外,后四个性状的重复性估计值非常高,从 0.50 到 0.58 不等。两个繁殖性状(初产年龄和产犊间隔)与泌乳性状之间存在 0.23 至 0.40 的显著表型相关。同样,产奶性状与繁殖性状之间的显著遗传相关性也是不利的,根据泌乳性状的不同,初产年龄的相关性从 0.32 到 0.87 不等,产犊间隔的相关性从 0.48 到 0.97 不等。泌乳性状的遗传率估计值与许多功能性繁殖性状的遗传率估计值一样适中,因此仅对产奶量性状进行选择的遗传增益会很快,但与繁殖性能的遗传增益是对立的。
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引用次数: 0
Short communication: Effects of a commercial triple-strain Bacillus-based probiotic on cecal colonization with Salmonella Enteritidis in commercial layer pullets 短讯:基于三株芽孢杆菌的商品益生菌对商品蛋鸡肠炎沙门氏菌盲肠定植的影响
IF 1.5 Q1 Veterinary Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100362
E.B. Sobotik , K. Russo , S.P. Lerner , D. Sandvang , A. Meuter , H. McBride , R. Sayed , G. Girgis

A commercial triple-strain Bacillus-based probiotic was tested to determine its effect on the colonization of the ceca by Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) in commercial layer pullets. Two treatments were tested, each with containing 128 day-of-hatch LSL layer chicks. On top of a standard diet: 1) no supplement (Control, CON), and 2) Probiotic (GalliPro® Fit, 500 g/MT, 1.6 × 106 CFU/g of finished feed, PRO). Environmental swabs were collected from each treatment group and tested to ensure freedom from SE prior to challenge. At 21 days of age, the SE challenge strain was administered orally at a dose of 3.3 × 108 CFU/bird. Pullets from each treatment group (n=32) were euthanized at 6-, 10-, 14-, and 18-days post infection (dpi). Contents from the ceca were aseptically collected and assessed for presence and abundance of SE. No differences in the prevalence of SE positive ceca following oral inoculation (P>0.05) were observed between treatment groups at 6-, 10-, 14-, or 18-dpi. Counts of SE in the ceca of the PRO group were not significantly different (P>0.05) from those of CON at 6- or 10-dpi. However, significantly lower counts of SE in the ceca of the PRO group were observed at 14-dpi (P<0.05) and 18-dpi (P<0.05) compared with CON. SE counts were 1.24 and 1.34 logs lower than CON at 14- and 18-dpi, respectively. In conclusion, supplementation of the triple-strain Bacillus-based probiotic resulted in lower cecal counts of SE compared to those that did not receive an effective probiotic, thereby reducing the risk of foodborne pathogens prior to harvest through sustainable, natural methods.

我们对一种基于三株芽孢杆菌的商用益生菌进行了试验,以确定其对商用蛋鸡肠炎沙门氏菌(SE)在盲肠定植的影响。试验采用了两种处理方法,每种处理都含有 128 只孵化一天的 LSL 蛋鸡。在标准日粮的基础上1)不添加补充剂(对照组,CON);2)添加益生菌(GalliPro® Fit,500 克/公吨,1.6 × 106 CFU/克成品饲料,PRO)。从每个处理组收集环境拭子并进行检测,以确保在挑战之前没有 SE。21 日龄时,按 3.3 × 108 CFU/只的剂量口服 SE 挑战菌株。在感染后 6、10、14 和 18 天(dpi)对各处理组(n=32)的幼鸟实施安乐死。无菌收集盲肠内容物,并评估 SE 的存在和丰度。在口服接种后 6、10、14 和 18 dpi,各处理组之间 SE 阳性盲囊的发生率无差异(P>0.05)。在6-或10-dpi时,PRO组盲肠中的SE计数与CON组无明显差异(P>0.05)。然而,在14dpi(P<0.05)和18dpi(P<0.05)时,PRO组盲肠中的SE计数明显低于CON组。在 14 dpi 和 18 dpi,SE 数量分别比 CON 低 1.24 和 1.34 logs。总之,与未接受有效益生菌的动物相比,补充三株芽孢杆菌益生菌可降低 SE 的盲肠计数,从而通过可持续的自然方法降低收获前食源性病原体的风险。
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引用次数: 0
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Veterinary and Animal Science
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