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Causes of shelter cats mortality in the Czech Republic 捷克共和国收容所猫咪的死亡原因
IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100379
Veronika Vojtkovská, Eva Voslářová, Vladimír Večerek

Awareness of the causes of mortality in shelter cats can contribute to its effective reduction. The aim of this study was to investigate the causes of mortality in cat shelters in the Czech Republic, taking into account the age of the animals and their length of stay in the shelter facilities until natural death or euthanasia. A cooperation with two private no-kill shelters in the Czech Republic was established. The subject of the study were records of 3047 cats admitted to the selected shelters in the period from 2013 to 2023. A total of 357 (11.7 %) out of 3047 cats died or had to be euthanized in two monitored shelters. No significant difference (p > 0.05) in the cat mortality was found between the two shelters (11.5 % and 12 %). The median length of stay of cats in the shelter until death or euthanasia was 23 days. The highest mortality was recorded in the youngest cats (≤ 6 months). The most common causes of death or euthanasia of cats in both shelters were feline infectious peritonitis (21.6 %), panleukopenia (18.5 %) and upper and lower respiratory tract infections (17.5 %). Adult and older cats were significantly (p < 0.05) more prone to death due to renal failure and cancer than young animals and kittens. The results of the study contribute to the knowledge on the health of cat population in shelters in the Czech Republic and can serve as a basis for further work that will target mortality reduction strategies in at-risk categories.

了解收容所猫咪的死亡原因有助于有效降低死亡率。这项研究的目的是调查捷克共和国猫咪收容所中猫咪死亡的原因,同时考虑到猫咪的年龄及其在收容所设施中停留至自然死亡或安乐死的时间。我们与捷克共和国的两家私人免杀动物收容所建立了合作关系。研究对象是 2013 年至 2023 年期间被选定的收容所收容的 3047 只猫的记录。在3047只猫中,共有357只(11.7%)在两家受监测的收容所死亡或被实施安乐术。两家收容所的猫咪死亡率无明显差异(p > 0.05)(11.5 % 和 12 %)。猫咪在收容所停留至死亡或安乐死的时间中位数为 23 天。死亡率最高的是年龄最小的猫(≤ 6 个月)。两家收容所中最常见的猫咪死亡或安乐死原因分别是猫传染性腹膜炎(21.6%)、泛白细胞减少症(18.5%)和上下呼吸道感染(17.5%)。成年猫和老龄猫因肾衰竭和癌症死亡的几率(p < 0.05)明显高于幼猫和小猫。研究结果有助于了解捷克共和国收容所中猫群的健康状况,并可作为进一步工作的基础,从而针对高危类别制定降低死亡率的策略。
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引用次数: 0
Application of cold plasma therapy for managing subclinical mastitis in cows induced by Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus uberis and Escherichia coli 应用冷等离子疗法治疗由无乳酸链球菌、小肠链球菌和大肠杆菌诱发的奶牛亚临床乳腺炎
IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100378
Vida Juozaitienė, Vesta Jonikė, Dalytė Mardosaitė-Busaitienė, Loreta Griciuvienė, Evelina Kaminskienė, Jana Radzijevskaja, Vilius Venskutonis, Vitas Riškevičius, Algimantas Paulauskas

The primary objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of cold plasma therapy in managing subclinical mastitis in cows caused by Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus uberis and Escherichia coli. After detection of mastitis pathogens, 38 cows were selected for cold plasma therapy for five days. On the fifth day of treatment, the mastitis agents were re-examined and no causative agents were identified. An additional evaluation conducted 28 days later confirmed the absence of mastitis. Cow productivity, milk composition and quality indicators were assessed at the beginning of the experiment and 32 days from the start (28 days after treatment cessation). After the mastitis treatment, the somatic cell count decreased significantly by between 2.89 and 7.09 times, and the milk yield of the cows at the end of the experiment increased from 0.63 kg per day to 2.82 kg per day (P < 0.01). These results highlight the potential of this innovative approach for managing a prevalent disease that causes substantial losses in the dairy industry. Furthermore, they lay the groundwork for expanded research involving larger sample sizes.

本研究的主要目的是评估冷等离子疗法在治疗由无乳链球菌、小肠链球菌和大肠杆菌引起的奶牛亚临床乳腺炎方面的效果。在检测出乳腺炎病原体后,选取了 38 头奶牛进行为期五天的冷等离子治疗。在治疗的第五天,再次对乳腺炎病原体进行检查,没有发现致病病原体。28 天后进行的补充评估证实没有乳腺炎。分别在实验开始时和实验开始后 32 天(治疗停止后 28 天)对奶牛的生产率、牛奶成分和质量指标进行了评估。乳腺炎治疗后,体细胞数显著减少了 2.89 至 7.09 倍,实验结束时奶牛的产奶量从每天 0.63 千克增加到每天 2.82 千克(P < 0.01)。这些结果凸显了这一创新方法在控制奶牛业造成重大损失的流行病方面的潜力。此外,这些结果还为扩大样本量的研究奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
The effects of ketoprofen and meloxicam on oxidative stress through the glutathione pathway after ketamine-xylazine anesthesia and ulcer induction in rats: A comparative study 酮洛芬和美洛昔康通过谷胱甘肽途径对氯胺酮-恶嗪麻醉和诱导大鼠溃疡后氧化应激的影响:比较研究
IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-07-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100377
Azin Sheverini , Ali Khezrian , Ali Shojaeian

Given that oxidative stress (OS) occurs as one of the complications of general anesthesia and surgical procedures, practicing the best and safest anesthesia regimen can have a significant share in various surgeries. So, this study compared the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ketoprofen (KTP) and meloxicam (MLX) on OS through the glutathione pathway after the ketamine-xylazine (K-X) anesthesia and ulcer induction in rats to suggest post-operative regimens with promising analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.

80 healthy adult male Wistar rats, were examined in this study. To obtain the baseline value cardiac blood collected of five rats, and the remaining 75 animals were randomized into three groups of 25, including (i) the control group receiving physiological serum, (ii) the experimental group 1 taking KTP, (iii) the experimental group 2, administered by MLX and all three groups received K-X combination IP after 30 min. Then, a full-thickness ulcer was induced under standard conditions, and the blood samples were collected from groups at T0, T30m, T60m, T24h, and T48h. The serum levels of the desired markers were measured. The study results revealed that the administration of K-X as an anesthetic agent made some changes in the markers of the OS-related glutathione (GSH) pathway. Moreover, KTP and MLX, significantly (p < 0.05) augmented the reduced GSH (rGSH), lowered the GSSG, increased the total values of the glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and the rGSH, reduced the rGSH/GSSG ratio, and accelerated the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, but they had high inhibitory effects on the glutathione reductase (GR). Accordingly, both drugs could maintain the balance between the OS markers, caused by general anesthesia. In general, KTP can be a suitable regimen in surgeries wherein analgesia is of importance for less than 24 h, but MLX can be a preferable option if longer analgesia is needed for more than 24 h.

鉴于氧化应激(OS)是全身麻醉和外科手术的并发症之一,因此实施最佳和最安全的麻醉方案对各种手术都有重要影响。因此,本研究比较了酮洛芬(KTP)和美洛昔康(MLX)等非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)在氯胺酮-恶嗪(K-X)麻醉和诱导大鼠溃疡后通过谷胱甘肽途径对OS的影响,以提出具有良好镇痛和抗炎效果的术后方案。为了获得基线值,采集了 5 只大鼠的心血,并将其余 75 只动物随机分为三组,每组 25 只,包括(i) 接受生理血清的对照组,(ii) 服用 KTP 的实验 1 组,(iii) 服用 MLX 的实验 2 组,所有三组均在 30 分钟后接受 K-X 组合 IP。然后,在标准条件下诱导全层溃疡,在 T0、T30m、T60m、T24h 和 T48h 采集各组血样。测量血清中预期指标的水平。研究结果表明,服用 K-X 作为麻醉剂后,OS 相关谷胱甘肽(GSH)途径的标记物发生了一些变化。此外,KTP 和 MLX 能显著(p < 0.05)增加还原型 GSH(rGSH),降低 GSSG,增加谷胱甘肽二硫化物(GSSG)和 rGSH 的总值,降低 rGSH/GSSG 的比值,加速谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)的活性,但对谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)有较强的抑制作用。因此,这两种药物都能维持全身麻醉引起的操作系统指标之间的平衡。一般来说,在镇痛时间少于 24 小时的手术中,KTP 是一种合适的方案,但如果镇痛时间需要超过 24 小时,MLX 则是一种可取的选择。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental long bone fracture healing in goats with cockle shell-based calcium carbonate bone paste 用蚶壳碳酸钙骨膏进行山羊长骨骨折愈合实验
IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100374
Saroj Kumar Yadav , Subrata Kumar Shil , Monoar Sayeed Pallab , Kh. Nurul Islam , Bibek Chandra Sutradhar , Bhajan Chandra Das

Long bone fractures are common orthopedic conditions. There are numerous ways to repair these fractures. Bone grafting becomes necessary when a broken bone has a significant gap. However, due to insufficient donor volume and donor site morbidity, substitutes are required. In veterinary orthopaedics, calcium carbonate from cockle shells could be used as a bone biomaterial. We investigated its efficacy as a bone biomaterial repair for goat femoral fractures. The study included 10 healthy adult male Black Bengal goats weighing 8 kg and aged 12–13 months. The study includes control and treatment groups. Intramedullary pinning stabilized an 8-mm right femur diaphyseal fracture in the treatment and control groups. The treated group received 2 ml of bone paste in the fractured gap, whereas the control group left it empty. We examined all goats with X-rays on the 7th, 45th, and 60th days, followed by gross and histological findings. Due to callus bridging, radiographs revealed faster bone growth in the treated group than in the control group. Gross examination demonstrates the treated group had a larger fracture callus than the control group. Histopathology showed that bone formed faster and included more osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and bony spicules than in the control group. The treated group had more periosteum osteoblasts, while the control group had fibroblasts. These results showed that the treated group had more osteogenic activity than the control group. This study demonstrates the potential of cockle shell-based calcium carbonate bone paste as a synthetic biomaterial for healing long bone fractures in goats.

长骨骨折是常见的骨科疾病。修复这些骨折的方法有很多。当骨折处有明显间隙时,就需要进行植骨。然而,由于供体量不足和供体部位的发病率,需要使用替代品。在兽医骨科领域,毛蚶壳中的碳酸钙可用作骨生物材料。我们研究了它作为骨生物材料修复山羊股骨骨折的功效。研究对象包括 10 只健康的成年雄性黑孟加拉山羊,体重 8 千克,年龄 12-13 个月。研究包括对照组和治疗组。在治疗组和对照组中,髓内针固定了8毫米的右股骨骺端骨折。治疗组在骨折缝隙中注入 2 毫升骨膏,而对照组则不注入骨膏。我们在第 7 天、第 45 天和第 60 天对所有山羊进行 X 射线检查,然后进行大体检查和组织学检查。由于胼胝桥接,X 光片显示治疗组的骨骼生长速度快于对照组。大体检查显示,治疗组的骨折胼胝体比对照组大。组织病理学显示,与对照组相比,治疗组的骨形成速度更快,包括更多的骨细胞、成骨细胞、破骨细胞和骨刺。治疗组有更多的骨膜成骨细胞,而对照组则有成纤维细胞。这些结果表明,治疗组比对照组具有更强的成骨活性。这项研究证明了以毛蚶壳为基础的碳酸钙骨膏作为一种合成生物材料用于愈合山羊长骨骨折的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Genomic predictions under different genetic architectures are impacted by mating designs 不同基因结构下的基因组预测受交配设计的影响
IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-06-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100373
Sahar Ansari, Navid Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh, Abdol Ahad Shadparvar

Mating in animal communities must be managed in a way that assures the performance increase in the progenies without increasing the rate of inbreeding. It has currently become possible to identify millions of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and it is feasible to select animals based on genome-wide marker profiles. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of five mating designs among individuals (random, positive and negative assortative, minimized and maximized inbreeding) on genomic prediction accuracy. The choice of these five particular mating designs provides a thorough analysis of the way genetic diversity, relatedness, inbreeding, and biological conditions influence the accuracy of genomic predictions. Utilizing a stochastic simulation technique, various marker and quantitative trait loci (QTL) densities were taken into account. The heritabilities of a simulated trait were 0.05, 0.30, and 0.60. A validation population that only had genotypic records was taken into consideration, and a reference population that had both genotypic and phenotypic records was considered for every simulation scenario. By measuring the correlation between estimated and true breeding values, the prediction accuracy was calculated. Computing the regression of true genomic breeding value on estimated genomic breeding value allowed for the examination of prediction bias. The scenario with a positive assortative mating design had the highest accuracy of genomic prediction (0.733 ± 0.003 to 0.966 ± 0.001). In a case of negative assortative mating, the genomic evaluation's accuracy was lowest (0.680 ± 0.011 to 0.899 ± 0.003). Applying the positive assortative mating design resulted in the unbiased regression coefficients of true genomic breeding value on estimated genomic breeding value. Based on the current results, it is suggested to implement positive assortative mating in genomic evaluation programs to obtain unbiased genomic predictions with greater accuracy. This study implies that animal breeding programs can improve offspring performance without compromising genetic health by carefully managing mating strategies based on genetic diversity, relatedness, and inbreeding levels. To maximize breeding results and ensure long-term genetic improvement in animal populations, this study highlights the importance of considering different mating designs when evaluating genomic information. When incorporating positive assortative mating or other mating schemes into genomic evaluation programs, it is critical to consider the complex relationship between gene interactions, environmental influences, and genetic drift to ensure the stability and effectiveness of breeding efforts. Further research and comprehensive analyzes are needed to fully understand the impact of these factors and their possible complex interactions on the accuracy of genomic prediction and to develop strategies that optimize breeding outcomes in animal populations.

动物群落的交配管理必须在不增加近亲繁殖率的情况下确保后代的性能提高。目前已能识别数百万个单核苷酸多态性(SNPs),根据全基因组标记图谱选择动物是可行的。本研究旨在评估五种个体间交配设计(随机、正负同配、近交最小化和近交最大化)对基因组预测准确性的影响。选择这五种特定的交配设计可以全面分析遗传多样性、亲缘关系、近交和生物条件对基因组预测准确性的影响。利用随机模拟技术,考虑了各种标记和数量性状基因座(QTL)的密度。模拟性状的遗传率分别为 0.05、0.30 和 0.60。每个模拟方案都考虑了一个只有基因型记录的验证群体和一个既有基因型记录又有表型记录的参照群体。通过测量估计育种值与真实育种值之间的相关性,计算出预测准确率。计算真实基因组育种值对估计基因组育种值的回归,可以检验预测偏差。正向同配设计方案的基因组预测准确率最高(0.733 ± 0.003 至 0.966 ± 0.001)。在负向同配的情况下,基因组评估的准确性最低(0.680 ± 0.011 到 0.899 ± 0.003)。采用正向同配设计后,真实基因组育种值与估计基因组育种值的回归系数无偏。根据目前的结果,建议在基因组评估项目中实施正向同配,以获得更准确的无偏基因组预测。这项研究表明,动物育种计划可以通过根据遗传多样性、亲缘关系和近交水平精心管理交配策略,在不损害遗传健康的情况下提高后代的表现。为了最大限度地提高育种效果并确保动物种群的长期遗传改良,本研究强调了在评估基因组信息时考虑不同交配设计的重要性。在将正向同配或其他交配方案纳入基因组评估计划时,必须考虑基因相互作用、环境影响和遗传漂变之间的复杂关系,以确保育种工作的稳定性和有效性。要充分了解这些因素及其可能的复杂相互作用对基因组预测准确性的影响,并制定优化动物种群育种结果的策略,还需要进一步的研究和综合分析。
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引用次数: 0
Optimizing reproductive performance in pangasius catfish broodstock: A review of dietary and molecular strategies 优化芒鲶鱼苗的繁殖性能:饮食和分子策略综述
IF 1.5 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-06-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100375
Donald Torsabo , Sairatul Dahlianis Ishak , Noordiyana Mat Noordin , Khor Waiho , Ivan Chong Chu Koh , Muhammad Abduh Yazed , Ambok Bolong Abol-Munafi

Pangasius catfish, a significant player in the global whitefish market, encounters challenges in aquaculture production sustainability. Quality broodstock maintenance and seed production are impeded by growth, maturation, and fecundity issues. This review investigates the efficacy of strategic nutrient composition and molecular strategies in enhancing broodstock conditions and reproductive performance across various fish species. A notable knowledge gap for Pangasius catfish hampers aquaculture progress. The review assesses nutrient manipulation's impact on reproductive physiology, emphasizing pangasius broodstock. A systematic review analysis following PRISMA guidelines was conducted to identify research trends and hotspots quantitatively, revealing a focus on P. bocourti and fertilization techniques. Addressing this gap, the review offers insights into dietary nutrients manipulation and genetic tool utilization for improved seed production, contributing to pangasius catfish aquaculture sustainability.

鱼芒鲶是全球白鲑市场中的重要一员,但在水产养殖生产的可持续性方面却遇到了挑战。生长、成熟和繁殖力问题阻碍了优质鱼苗的维持和苗种生产。本综述研究了策略性营养成分和分子策略在改善各种鱼类的育苗条件和繁殖性能方面的功效。在鲶鱼方面存在明显的知识空白,阻碍了水产养殖的进展。本综述评估了营养物质操作对繁殖生理的影响,重点是鱼芒鱼种鱼。按照 PRISMA 准则进行了系统综述分析,以定量确定研究趋势和热点,发现重点是 P. bocourti 和施肥技术。针对这一空白,该综述深入探讨了如何利用日粮营养和遗传工具来提高苗种产量,从而促进黄颡鱼水产养殖的可持续发展。
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引用次数: 0
Cajanus cajan and Lablab purpureus leaf meal-potential supplements over conventional protein sources for yearling Horro sheep fed a basal diet of fodder oat (Avena sativa) hay Cajanus cajan 和 Lablab purpureus 叶粉--以饲料燕麦(Avena sativa)干草为基础日粮的一岁 Horro 绵羊传统蛋白质来源的潜在补充剂
IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-06-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100376
Abuye Tulu, Worku Temesgen, Tusa Gemechu, Birmeduma Gadisa, Mekonnen Diribsa

A 90-day feeding trial with 25 yearling Horro lambs (22.6 ± 1.8 kg) was conducted from November 2022 to January 2023. The trial was designed to see how supplementing forage varieties of Cajanus cajan (Degagsa and Belabas) and Lablab purpureus (Beresa-55 and Gebis-17) affected the growth performance, feed intake and digestibility of Horro lambs fed a basal diet of fodder oat hay compared to conventional protein supplements. Five experimental sheep per treatment were arranged in a Randomized Complete Blocked Design to receive dietary treatments formulated on an iso-nitrogenous basis which was targeted to provide crude protein (CP) of 64.37 g/h/day. Data were taken on weight gain, feed conversion ratio, feed intake and refusal, and in-vivo digestibility features. All lambs were fed ad-libitum fodder oat hay containing 91.5 % Dry matter, 7.8 % ash, 6.4 % crude protein, 60 % neutral detergent fiber, 42.8 % acid detergent fiber, 13.4 % acid detergent lignin and 65 % in-vitro organic matter digestibility. The dietary treatments were fodder oat hay plus 280.8 g Gebis-17 variety (T1), 274.4 g Beresa-55 variety (T2), 320.9 g Belabas variety (T3), 329.3 g Degagsa variety (T4) and 300 g concentrate mixture (T5). The total dry matter intake (DMI) was higher in T3 and T4 than in the other treatment groups. Except for CP, nutritional consumption differed significantly across treatments. T3 and T4 had higher fiber intakes than the other treatments, while T2 had higher ash intakes and T5 had higher metabolizable energy intakes. Even though there was no significant variation in final body weight, lambs in T5 and T1 showed the greatest weight change and average daily gain. Although the diet in T5 induced the lamb performance in a manner comparable to that of the other dietary supplements, its inaccessibility and high cost would limit the use of such supplements by smallholder farmers. Thus, depending on their availability, either Lablab purpurues or Cajanus cajan varieties could be employed as feed supplements in the lambs` diet.

2022 年 11 月至 2023 年 1 月,对 25 只一岁的 Horro 羔羊(22.6 ± 1.8 千克)进行了为期 90 天的饲喂试验。试验旨在了解与传统蛋白质补充剂相比,补充 Cajanus cajan(Degagsa 和 Belabas)和 Lablab purpureus(Beresa-55 和 Gebis-17)饲草品种如何影响以饲料燕麦干草为基础日粮的 Horro 羔羊的生长性能、采食量和消化率。在随机完全区组设计中,每个处理安排五只实验绵羊,接受以等氮为基础配制的日粮处理,目标是提供 64.37 克/小时/天的粗蛋白(CP)。对增重、饲料转化率、采食量和拒食以及体内消化率特征进行了数据采集。所有羔羊均饲喂干物质含量为 91.5%、灰分含量为 7.8%、粗蛋白含量为 6.4%、中性洗涤纤维含量为 60%、酸性洗涤纤维含量为 42.8%、酸性洗涤木质素含量为 13.4%、体外有机物消化率为 65%的燕麦干草。日粮处理为饲料燕麦干草加 280.8 克 Gebis-17 品种(T1)、274.4 克 Beresa-55 品种(T2)、320.9 克 Belabas 品种(T3)、329.3 克 Degagsa 品种(T4)和 300 克精料混合物(T5)。T3 和 T4 组的干物质总摄入量(DMI)高于其他处理组。除 CP 外,各处理的营养消耗量差异显著。T3 和 T4 的纤维摄入量高于其他处理,而 T2 的灰分摄入量较高,T5 的代谢能摄入量较高。尽管最终体重没有明显变化,但 T5 和 T1 的羔羊体重变化和平均日增重最大。虽然 T5 日粮诱导羔羊表现的方式与其他日粮补充剂相当,但其难以获得性和高成本限制了小农对此类补充剂的使用。因此,可根据可获得性,在羔羊日粮中使用马铃薯或 Cajanus cajan 品种作为饲料添加剂。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular frequency of bovine leukemia virus in Creole cattle of Eastern Colombia 哥伦比亚东部克里奥尔牛中牛白血病病毒的分子频率
IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100372
Jeiczon Jaimes-Dueñez, Eyner Goyeneche-Ortiz, Marisol Tique-Oviedo, Melissa C Ortiz-Pineda, Luis Cardenas-Pinto, Angela Patricia Jimenez-Leaño, Julian Ruiz-Saenz

Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (EBL), caused by the bovine leukosis virus (BLV), is a global infectious disease affecting livestock. This study focuses on studying the frequency and genetic traits of BLV in three Creole breeds including Chino Santandereano (Chino), Casanareño (CAS), and Sanmartinero (SM) in Eastern Colombia. We implemented a cross-sectional survey between 2019 and 2020 across four departments (Arauca, Casanare, Santander and Meta) in Eastern Colombia to assess the molecular characteristics of BLV infection in these breeds. A total of 253 cattle were analyzed, of which 42.6 %, 28.8 %, and 28.4 % belonged to the Chino, CAS, and SM breeds, respectively. BLV provirus was detected using nested polymerase chain reaction (n-PCR) targeting the conserved region of the env viral gene. Subsequently, the obtained amplicons were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analyses. The overall BLV infection frequency was 26.48 % (95 % CI: 21.01 – 31.98 %), with Chino exhibiting the highest frequency (35.1 %) following by SAM and CAS, respectively (P < 0.05). Other epidemiological variables associated with the infection included age, department, and season (P < 0.05). BLV-positive animals exhibited elevated levels of total serum proteins (P < 0.05), while molecular characterization revealed the exclusive circulation of BLV genotype 1 within these breeds. This study provides an updated assessment of BLV infection in Creole breeds from the eastern of Colombia, underscoring their lower infection frequency compared to introduced breeds and their reduced susceptibility to developing clinical signs. The epidemiological and molecular characteristics observed should be considered in developing control programs aimed at improving genetic resistance to BLV in Colombian cattle.

由牛白血病病毒(BLV)引起的牛白血病(EBL)是一种影响家畜的全球性传染病。本研究重点研究了哥伦比亚东部三个克里奥尔品种(包括奇诺-桑坦德雷亚诺(Chino Santandereano)、卡萨纳雷尼奥(Casanareño)和圣马蒂内罗(Sanmartinero))中BLV的发生频率和遗传特征。我们于 2019 年至 2020 年期间在哥伦比亚东部的四个省(阿劳卡省、卡萨纳雷省、桑坦德省和梅塔省)开展了一项横断面调查,以评估这些品种感染 BLV 的分子特征。共分析了 253 头牛,其中 42.6%、28.8% 和 28.4% 分别属于奇诺、CAS 和 SM 品种。使用巢式聚合酶链反应(n-PCR)检测BLV前病毒,目标是env病毒基因的保守区。随后,对获得的扩增子进行了测序和系统发育分析。BLV的总体感染率为26.48%(95% CI:21.01 - 31.98%),奇诺的感染率最高(35.1%),其次分别是萨姆和中科院(P < 0.05)。与感染有关的其他流行病学变量包括年龄、部门和季节(P < 0.05)。BLV阳性动物的血清总蛋白水平升高(P <0.05),而分子特征显示,BLV基因型1在这些品种中独家流行。这项研究对哥伦比亚东部克里奥尔种猪的 BLV 感染情况进行了最新评估,强调与引进种猪相比,克里奥尔种猪的感染频率较低,而且出现临床症状的易感性也较低。在制定旨在提高哥伦比亚牛群对 BLV 遗传抗性的控制计划时,应考虑观察到的流行病学和分子特征。
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引用次数: 0
Time budgets differ in horses during continuous and space-restricted rotational grazing 马匹在连续放牧和受空间限制的轮牧期间的时间预算不同
IF 1.5 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100371
Beverly Gartland , William Strunk , Bruce Schulte , Fred DeGraves , Jim Koostra

Horses can become obese and develop related health issues such as laminitis from excessive grazing on high-quality pasture grass; limiting pasture intake can allow weight loss to occur. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of space-restricted rotational grazing on body weight (BW) and time budgets in horses. Eight mature geldings and mares with maintenance-only requirements were randomly assigned to either a space-restricted rotational grazing group (SRG; BW 512 ± 6 kg; n = 4) or a continuous grazing group (CG; BW 517 ± 49 kg; n = 4) for 42 d SRG horses grazed an area with dimensions to provide 80–90 % of mean digestible energy requirement for the 4 horses over a 7-d grazing period; whereas, the CG horses continuously grazed similar non-toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue pasture providing greater than maintenance requirements for the 42 d Horses in the SRG group were moved to a new area every 7 d for 6 weeks. On d 7 at 1600 h of each week, horses were brought inside, and feed was withheld overnight. At 0700 h the next day, BWs were recorded prior to turnout. Observers recorded behaviors simultaneously on SRG and CG horses every six minutes throughout the day three days per week according to an ethogram. This included 30 s scans of all horses. Proportion of grazing and standing had an inverse relationship. Proportion of grazing was affected by the treatment by time interaction, which grazing was displayed more in SRG than CG during weeks 2 and 3, and then reversed weeks 4, 5 and 6.

过度放牧优质牧草会导致马匹肥胖并引发相关的健康问题,例如蹄叶炎;限制牧草的摄入量可以减轻马匹的体重。本研究旨在确定限制空间的轮牧对马体重(BW)和时间预算的影响。将 8 匹只需饲养的成熟公马和母马随机分配到空间受限轮牧组(SRG;体重 512 ± 6 kg;n = 4)或连续放牧组(CG;体重 517 ± 49 kg;n = 4),轮牧 42 天;而 CG 组的马匹则在 42 天内持续放牧类似的无毒内生菌感染的高羊茅牧草,所提供的能量高于维持需求 SRG 组的马匹在 6 周内每 7 天被转移到一个新的区域。第 7 天,即每周的 16:00 时,将马匹牵入室内,隔夜不喂食。第二天早上 7 点,在放风前记录体重。观察人员每周三天,每隔六分钟同时记录SRG和CG马全天的行为。这包括对所有马匹进行 30 秒钟的扫描。吃草的比例与站立的比例成反比。吃草的比例受处理与时间交互作用的影响,即在第2周和第3周,SRG比CG表现出更多的吃草行为,然后在第4周、第5周和第6周发生逆转。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of probiotic-supplemented milk replacer on growth, blood biochemistry, fermentation, digestibility, and carcass traits in lambs 添加益生菌的代乳品对羔羊生长、血液生化、发酵、消化率和胴体性状的影响
IF 1.5 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100368
SH Mousavi Esfiokhi, MA Norouzian, MR Sahl Abadi, MR Rezaei Ahvanooei

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of feeding cow's milk replacer and probiotic supplementation on growth performance, blood metabolites, ruminal fermentation parameters, and nutrient digestibility in male lambs, with ewe's milk serving as the control treatment. Eighteen male lambs with an average initial body weight of 5.0 ± 1.2 kg and age of 15 ± 4 days were randomly assigned to three experimental groups: ewe's milk, cow's milk replacer, and cow's milk replacer with probiotic supplementation. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design. Lambs fed ewe's milk showed significantly higher average daily gain (218.4 g/day) compared to those fed cow's milk replacer (183.7 g/day) or cow's milk replacer with probiotic (209.1 g/day). Similarly, dry matter intake was highest in the ewe's milk group (585.6 g/day) compared to the cow's milk replacer (435.9 g/day) and cow's milk replacer with probiotic (510.5 g/day) groups. Blood glucose levels were higher in the ewe's milk group (75.3 mg/dL) compared to the cow's milk replacer (70.3 mg/dL) and cow's milk replacer with probiotic (72.1 mg/dL) groups. Probiotic supplementation resulted in increased blood urea nitrogen (15.6 mg/dL) and total protein (7.3 g/dL) levels compared to the other groups. Furthermore, the ewe's milk group showed higher apparent dry matter (76.1%) and crude protein (68.5%) digestibility compared to the other treatments. The fecal score on day 30 was higher in the cow's milk replacer group (2.34) compared to the ewe's milk (1.24) and cow's milk replacer with probiotic (1.45) groups. There were no significant differences in the carcass traits of the experimental lambs. In conclusion, based on the results of this study, it seems that feeding cow's milk + probiotic as a replacement for ewe's milk did not significantly affect the performance, carcass traits, and blood and fermentation parameters in infant lambs.

本研究旨在探讨饲喂牛奶代用品和补充益生菌对雄性羔羊生长性能、血液代谢物、瘤胃发酵参数和养分消化率的影响,母羊奶作为对照处理。将 18 只平均初始体重为 5.0 ± 1.2 千克、日龄为 15 ± 4 天的雄性羔羊随机分配到三个实验组:母羊奶组、牛奶代用品组和补充益生菌的牛奶代用品组。实验采用完全随机设计。与饲喂牛奶代用品(183.7 克/天)或添加益生菌的牛奶代用品(209.1 克/天)的羔羊相比,饲喂母羊奶的羔羊平均日增重(218.4 克/天)明显更高。同样,母羊奶组的干物质摄入量最高(585.6 克/天),而牛奶代乳粉组(435.9 克/天)和添加益生菌的牛奶代乳粉组(510.5 克/天)的干物质摄入量最低。母羊奶组的血糖水平(75.3 毫克/分升)高于代乳品组(70.3 毫克/分升)和添加益生菌的代乳品组(72.1 毫克/分升)。与其他组相比,添加益生菌可提高血尿素氮(15.6 毫克/分升)和总蛋白(7.3 克/分升)水平。此外,与其他处理相比,母羊奶组的表观干物质(76.1%)和粗蛋白(68.5%)消化率更高。与母牛奶组(1.24)和添加益生菌的代乳品组(1.45)相比,代乳品组第 30 天的粪便评分(2.34)更高。实验羔羊的胴体性状没有明显差异。总之,根据这项研究的结果,用牛奶+益生菌替代母羊奶喂养婴儿羔羊似乎对羔羊的生产性能、胴体性状、血液和发酵参数没有显著影响。
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引用次数: 0
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Veterinary and Animal Science
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