Veterinary and Animal Science最新文献_第4页

Dam vaccination for the prevention of neonatal diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli in calves-a systematic review and meta-analysis 预防犊牛产肠毒素大肠杆菌引起的新生儿腹泻：系统综述和荟萃分析

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100546

Chandler Higgs , Megan Van Noord , Jefferson Gabriel Carvalho Nagle , Jose Pablo Gomez , Erik Fausak , Gabriele Ute Maier

Diarrhea in neonatal calves caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a disease that negatively affects the welfare and production of cattle. We present a review of all literature published in 1950 and later, evaluating vaccine effectiveness and efficacy in protecting calves from diarrhea and death from infection with ETEC by vaccinating dams during gestation. Of 3677 citations identified, 61 were eligible for full text review. Data was extracted from 22 citations and separated into 3 subgroups: field trials, heterologous challenge trials, and homologous challenge trials. Field trials showed no evidence to support that vaccinating dams decreased the rate of death or diarrhea in calves under 14 days of age, but due to a limited number and quality of field trials that met our inclusion criteria, it is difficult to draw general conclusions from this finding. However, in both homologous and heterologous challenge trials, vaccines helped prevent death in study calves. The outcome diarrhea was eliminated from analysis in challenge trials due to unexplained statistical heterogeneity which may be caused by a variety of definitions for diarrhea. Very few studies included information on randomization, blinding, or funding sources. Based on funnel plots, some indication for publication bias exists for heterologous challenge trials, however, a sensitivity analysis using the trim and fill method did not change results. There is evidence for the efficacy of ETEC vaccination of dams in the prevention of neonatal calf death.

产肠毒素大肠杆菌（ETEC）引起的新生牛犊腹泻是一种对牛的福利和生产产生负面影响的疾病。我们回顾了1950年及以后发表的所有文献，评估了疫苗的有效性，以及通过在妊娠期接种疫苗保护犊牛免受腹泻和ETEC感染死亡的功效。在确定的3677条引文中，61条符合全文审查的条件。数据从22篇文献中提取，并分为3个亚组：野外试验、异源激发试验和同源激发试验。现场试验显示，没有证据支持接种疫苗可以降低14日龄以下犊牛的死亡率或腹泻率，但由于符合我们纳入标准的现场试验数量和质量有限，因此很难从这一发现中得出一般性结论。然而，在同源和异源攻击试验中，疫苗都有助于预防研究小牛的死亡。由于无法解释的统计异质性，腹泻从挑战试验的分析中被剔除，这可能是由于腹泻的各种定义造成的。很少有研究包含随机化、盲法或资金来源的信息。基于漏斗图，异种激发试验存在一些发表偏倚的迹象，但使用修剪和填充法的敏感性分析并未改变结果。有证据表明，接种ETEC疫苗对预防新生牛犊死亡有效。

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引用次数: 0

Modeling growth performance of heterogeneous rabbits in a pastured system using nonlinear, spline and random regression models 利用非线性、样条和随机回归模型模拟放牧系统中异种兔的生长性能

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100540

Hameed Akande Bashiru, Saidu Oyarekhua Oseni

Accurate modeling of growth trajectories is critical for decision-making in rabbit production, particularly under low-input systems. However, limited studies have evaluated the comparative performance of growth models for rabbits reared in such systems. This study evaluated the growth performance of heterogeneous rabbits using three modeling approaches. Weekly body weight records of 343 rabbits from birth to 20 weeks of age across four parities were analyzed. Four classical nonlinear models (Gompertz, Logistic, von Bertalanffy, and Richards) were fitted using the NLIN procedure of SAS®. Further, the REG procedure of SAS® was used to fit four linear spline models (SP3 to SP6) while four random regression models with varying variance-covariance structures (Compound Symmetry, Unstructured, Autoregressive, and Toeplitz) were also fitted to the growth data using the MIXED procedure of SAS®. There were significant effects of parity (p < 0.05) on growth, with kits from later parities consistently achieving higher body weights than those from earlier parities. Among nonlinear models evaluated, the von Bertalanffy model had the lowest AIC, ΔAIC, Akaike weight and BIC values and was therefore selected as the best fit model. However, all spline regression models performed poorly and consistently over-estimated body weight at all ages. Random regression analysis also showed that the Unstructured model had the best performance in terms of goodness-of-fit tests evaluated. The findings suggest that nonlinear models especially the von Bertalanffy and random regression models with flexible covariance structures provide more accurate and biologically interpretable fits than spline models for growth prediction in heterogeneous rabbits.

生长轨迹的准确建模对兔子生产决策至关重要，特别是在低投入系统下。然而，有限的研究评估了在这种系统中饲养的兔子的生长模型的比较性能。本研究采用三种建模方法评估异种家兔的生长性能。分析了4胎343只家兔从出生到20周龄的周体重记录。使用SAS®的NLIN程序拟合了四个经典非线性模型（Gompertz, Logistic， von Bertalanffy和Richards）。此外，使用SAS®的REG程序来拟合4个线性样条模型（SP3至SP6），同时使用SAS®的MIXED程序来拟合4个具有不同方差-协方差结构的随机回归模型（Compound Symmetry, Unstructured， Autoregressive和Toeplitz）。胎次对生长有显著影响（p < 0.05），较晚胎次的雏鸡体重始终高于较早胎次的雏鸡。在评价的非线性模型中，von Bertalanffy模型具有最低的AIC、ΔAIC、Akaike权值和BIC值，因此被选为最佳拟合模型。然而，所有的样条回归模型都表现不佳，并且始终高估了所有年龄段的体重。随机回归分析还表明，在拟合优度检验方面，非结构化模型具有最佳性能。研究结果表明，非线性模型，特别是von Bertalanffy模型和具有灵活协方差结构的随机回归模型，比样条模型在异种家兔的生长预测中提供了更准确和生物可解释性的拟合。

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引用次数: 0

The heart of the hair fiber: How the inner structure of the coat reflects adaptive variation across color, sex, age, and body region in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) 毛纤维的心脏：单峰骆驼（Camelus dromedarius）被毛的内部结构如何反映颜色、性别、年龄和身体部位的适应性变化

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100543

C. Iglesias Pastrana , E.C. Quispe Peña , E. Ciani , N. Cisneros Rodríguez , J.V. Delgado Bermejo , M.E. Camacho Vallejo

Understanding how hair fiber structure mediates thermal adaptation in desert animals still remains an unresolved question. In dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius), the coexistence of dark and white coat colors in hot deserts presents an adaptive paradox.. This study examined how the internal architecture of camel hair fibers—specifically the degree and type of medullation—varies with coat color, sex, age, and body region to assess their potential thermoregulatory significance. Hair samples from 138 Canarian dromedaries were analyzed using an automated medullation detection system and evaluated through non-parametric tests and generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs). Dark and white camels exhibited higher proportions of medullated fibers, suggesting structural adaptations that facilitate both insulation and heat dissipation. Males and dorsal regions (hump and tail) showed greater medullation than females and ventral regions, reflecting combined physiological and mechanical demands. Although age effects were weaker, medullation tended to increase with maturity. These results demonstrate that the dromedary coat operates as a multifactorial thermoregulatory system in which pigmentation, biological traits, and fiber architecture interact to maintain homeostasis under extreme heat. The findings provide new insight into the structural mechanisms resolving the adaptive paradox of dark and white camels in hot deserts.

了解毛纤维结构如何调节沙漠动物的热适应仍然是一个未解决的问题。在单峰骆驼（Camelus dromedarius）中，在炎热的沙漠中，深色和白色的皮毛共存呈现出一种适应性悖论。本研究考察了驼毛纤维的内部结构——特别是髓质的程度和类型——如何随着毛色、性别、年龄和身体部位的变化而变化，以评估其潜在的体温调节意义。采用自动调节检测系统对138头加那利单峰骆驼的毛发样本进行分析，并通过非参数检验和广义线性混合模型（glmm）进行评价。深色骆驼和白色骆驼显示出更高比例的有髓纤维，这表明结构上的适应有利于隔热和散热。雄性和背部（驼峰和尾巴）比雌性和腹部有更多的髓质调节，反映了生理和机械的综合需求。虽然年龄效应较弱，但随着年龄的增长，调节有增加的趋势。这些结果表明，单峰骆驼的皮毛是一个多因素的温度调节系统，其中色素沉着、生物特性和纤维结构相互作用，以维持极端高温下的体内平衡。这些发现为解决炎热沙漠中黑骆驼和白骆驼的适应悖论的结构机制提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of postbiotics on the production parameters of rearing goose 后生物制剂对育鹅生产参数的影响

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100541

Stella Szabó , Mária Kovács-Weber , Tibor István Pap , Ágnes Dolányi , Ferenc Pajor , Ákos Bodnár , Tamás Vajda , Mónika Heincinger , Rubina Tünde Szabó

Our aim was to measure the mortality, live body weight, feed conversion, intake and detect the weight and stiffness of the liver, liver colour, breast and thigh weight as an effect of the dry form of Burain® postbiotic supplementation in rearing goose. The goslings were allocated into 5 equal groups: control (without supplementation), group 1 (1 g/kg postbiotic during the starter and grower period), group 2 (2 g/kg postbiotic during the starter and grower period), group 3 (0.2 g/kg postbiotic during the starter and grower period), group 4 (1 g/kg postbiotic during the starter period). Granulated feed and drinking water were provided ad libitum to all rearing goose. Supplementation significantly increased body weight in group 2 (6321.84±664.9 g) on week 8. Group 2 showed a significantly reduced feed conversion ratio (1.51±0.04), while groups 1 and 4 exhibited significantly lower daily feed intake than the control during the starter phase. There were no significant differences among groups in foie gras parameters or in thigh and breast weights. The liver weight and stiffness were found to be significantly positively correlated in each treatment group. The supplementation made a significant difference in the parameters of b* and L* for liver colour, but not for a* values. The impact of postbiotic supplementation in the rearing period is extended to weeks. Further investigations are needed to connect information from rearing to the fattening phase and the gut microbiome in goose.

我们的目的是测量育鹅的死亡率、活重、饲料转化率、采食量，并检测肝脏重量和硬度、肝脏颜色、乳房和大腿重量对干型Burain®生物后添加物的影响。将雏鹅随机分为5组：对照组（不添加）、组1（发酵期和生长期1 g/kg益生菌）、组2（发酵期和生长期2 g/kg益生菌）、组3（发酵期和生长期0.2 g/kg益生菌）、组4（发酵期1 g/kg益生菌）。对所有饲养鹅免费提供颗粒饲料和饮用水。第8周，饲粮添加量显著提高了2组的体重（6321.84±664.9 g）。组2显著降低了饲料系数（1.51±0.04），组1和组4在发酵期的日采食量显著低于对照组。各组之间在鹅肝参数或大腿和乳房重量方面没有显著差异。各治疗组肝脏重量与硬度呈显著正相关。添加饲料对肝脏颜色的b*和L*参数有显著影响，但对a*值无显著影响。在饲养期内，添加后生物制剂的影响延长至数周。需要进一步的研究来将从饲养到育肥阶段的信息与鹅的肠道微生物组联系起来。

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引用次数: 0

Reproductive status effects on intraocular pressure in Mares 生殖状态对母马眼压的影响

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100542

Sara Binesh, Hamid Ghasemzadeh-nava, Afshin Raoofi, Seyed Mehdi Rajaei

This study investigates the potential relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) and serum progesterone (SP) concentrations in seven clinically healthy, non-pregnant mares. Measurements of IOP and SP were taken at various stages of the estrous cycle and during the anestrous season, using randomized testing for each eye through rebound tonometry (Tono-Vet® tonometer, iCare). Reproductive evaluations included abdominal palpation per rectum and ultrasonography to determine estrous cycle stages. Analysis revealed moderate to strong positive correlations between SP concentrations and IOP, with the right eye showing a moderate correlation (≈0.467) and the left eye a stronger one (≈0.609). These findings suggest that the reproductive status of mares influences IOP, indicating a potential role of progesterone in IOP variations throughout the estrous cycle in mares.

本研究调查了7匹临床健康、未怀孕的母马眼压（IOP）和血清孕酮（SP）浓度之间的潜在关系。在发情周期的不同阶段和发情季节测量IOP和SP，通过回弹眼压计（Tono-Vet®眼压计，iCare）对每只眼睛进行随机测试。生殖评估包括直肠腹部触诊和超声检查以确定发情周期阶段。分析结果显示，SP浓度与IOP之间存在中强正相关关系，其中右眼为中强相关（≈0.467），左眼为强相关（≈0.609）。这些发现表明，母马的生殖状态影响IOP，表明黄体酮在母马发情周期内IOP变化中的潜在作用。

引用次数: 0

A bromoform based Investigational Veterinary Product fed twice daily to lactating dairy cows had no adverse effects on eating, rumination, or locomotion behaviours 一种基于溴仿的研究性兽医产品，每天两次喂给泌乳奶牛，对进食、反刍或运动行为没有不良影响

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100539

R. Tognelli , P.S. Alvarez-Hess , A.S. ó Neachtain , S. Chandra , S.R.O. Williams , S. Jacques , S.E. Denman , R.J. Eckard , J.L. Jacobs

An Investigational Veterinary Product (IVP) containing synthetic bromoform has emerged as a promising technology for reducing livestock enteric methane emissions. However, the effects of feeding the bromoform-based IVP on eating, rumination and locomotion behaviour (critical animal welfare indicators) remain unclear. This study assessed the response of supplementing twice daily an IVP at two bromoform inclusion rates to lactating dairy cows at milking on i) eating and rumination behaviour; and ii) locomotion behaviour. Thirty multiparous, Holstein-Friesian cows (214 ± 15.2 days in milk) were allocated to one of three treatments; CON (0 mg bromoform/cow per day), LowBR (227 mg bromoform/cow per day) and HighBR (455 mg bromoform/cow per day). The IVP was mixed with 3.1 kg dry matter of grain and offered during each milking. The basal diet consisted of vetch hay offered ad libitum. Cows were equipped with a RumiWatch System noseband pressure sensor and pedometer (ITIN + HOCH GmbH, Liestal, Switzerland) for 11 days. Data were analysed by CRD-based repeated measures split-plot ANOVA using Genstat 24 (VSN International, Hemel Hempstead, UK). Results showed no significant effect of the IVP on eating, rumination, lying or standing behaviour. Although cows fed the IVP showed an increase in walking duration, the difference was negligible in practical terms (twelve minutes per day). These findings indicate that feeding dairy cows with the bromoform-based IVP does not change their behaviour, resulting in a potential technology to reduce enteric methane emissions without compromising animal welfare.

含有合成溴仿的实验性兽医产品（IVP）已成为减少牲畜肠道甲烷排放的一种有前途的技术。然而，喂食基于溴仿的IVP对进食、反刍和运动行为（关键的动物福利指标）的影响尚不清楚。本研究评估了每日2次以两种溴仿添加量添加IVP对泌乳奶牛进食和反刍行为的影响；ii)运动行为。30头产荷斯坦-弗里西亚奶牛（产奶量为214±15.2 d）分为3个处理；CON（0毫克溴仿/头奶牛/天）、LowBR（227毫克溴仿/头奶牛/天）和HighBR（455毫克溴仿/头奶牛/天）。IVP与3.1 kg干物质混合，在每次挤奶期间提供。基础日粮由野豌豆干草随意提供。奶牛配备RumiWatch系统鼻带压力传感器和计步器（ITIN + HOCH GmbH, Liestal, Switzerland），为期11天。使用Genstat 24 （VSN International, Hemel Hempstead， UK）对数据进行基于crd的重复测量分裂图方差分析。结果显示，IVP对进食、反刍、躺卧或站立行为没有显著影响。虽然用IVP喂养的奶牛行走时间增加了，但实际上这种差异可以忽略不计（每天12分钟）。这些发现表明，用基于溴仿的IVP喂养奶牛不会改变它们的行为，从而产生了一种潜在的技术，可以在不损害动物福利的情况下减少肠道甲烷排放。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative evaluation of feed intake and blood metabolites in goats fed different vetch varieties 不同品种野豌豆对山羊采食量和血液代谢产物的影响

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100537

NH Msiza, KE Ravhuhali, HK Mokoboki, S Mavengahama, GM Chelopo

One way to evaluate the value of a feed is by comparing the actual intake based on its nutritional value. Annual legumes are considered significant protein supplements to ruminants. The objective of this study was to assess the feed intake, and blood parameters of goats offered different vetch varieties. Each of the five male Boer goats was provided with four feeding troughs, containing four different feeds (Cenchrus ciliaris grass hay) and three legumes (Vicia sativa - Common vetch, Volga vetch, and Vicia villosa Roth - Haymaker plus vetch). Vetch varieties were also analysed for chemical composition. The feeds were used as treatments, with goats as replicates in a completely randomised design (CRD). For blood metabolites, blood samples were collected from each of the five male Boer goats at the commencement and the end of the experiment. Haymaker plus vetch had the highest (P < 0.05) CP, K, Cu, Zn, Mn, total phenols and condensed tannins with the lowest (P < 0.05) ADL. Common and Volga vetch exhibited the highest (P < 0.05) intake. Cholesterol, lymphocytes, neutrophils, globulin, and phosphorus levels were higher (P < 0.05) in goats exposed to vetch varieties. Given the high crude protein observed in all vetch varieties, these forages may serve as a protein supplement for low roughage grasses, potentially enhancing the productivity of these ruminants. Due to lower intake observed on the tanniferous Haymaker plus vetch, an amelioration strategy can be introduced to enhance its feeding value. Further metabolic experiments can be conducted to determine the optimal inclusion level of vetch forages.

评估饲料价值的一种方法是根据其营养价值比较实际摄入量。一年生豆类被认为是反刍动物重要的蛋白质补充剂。本研究的目的是评价不同品种紫薇对山羊采食量和血液指标的影响。5只雄性布尔山羊每只设4个食槽，分别装有4种不同饲料（赤羊草干草）和3种豆类（豇豆、伏尔加豇豆和罗氏豇豆）。紫薇品种的化学成分也进行了分析。饲料作为处理，山羊作为重复，采用完全随机设计（CRD）。5只雄性布尔山羊分别在试验开始和结束时采集血液代谢物。紫薇加紫薇的CP、K、Cu、Zn、Mn、总酚和缩合单宁含量最高（P < 0.05）， ADL最低（P < 0.05）。黄芪和黄芪的采食量最高（P < 0.05）。山羊的胆固醇、淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞、球蛋白和磷水平较高（P < 0.05）。鉴于在所有品种中观察到的高粗蛋白质，这些牧草可以作为低粗草的蛋白质补充，潜在地提高这些反刍动物的生产力。由于单宁阔叶树加野豌豆的采食量较低，可以采用改良策略来提高其摄食价值。进一步的代谢试验可以确定紫薇牧草的最佳包合水平。

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引用次数: 0

Detection of camel milk adulteration with buffalo milk during semi hard cheese production 半硬奶酪生产中骆驼奶掺入水牛奶的检测

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100536

Lívia Darnay, Annamária Barkó, Barnabás Juhász, József Surányi, Miklós Süth, Karina Ilona Hidas

As camel milk is a highly nutritional milk type with difficult access, emerging concern is related to its adulteration. Although researchers are publishing methods for detection of fraud, there is still a need to understand the effects of adulteration also on processed dairy products made of camel milk. The present research aims to show the classical and the new approaches for determination of camel milk adulteration with buffalo milk involving also the cheese manufacturing process and ripening. German camel milk was mixed with different ratios of Hungarian buffalo milk (0 % - 20 % - 40 % - 60 % - 80 % - 100 %). Pasteurized milk samples were analysed with ELISA-based test kit, gel electrophoresis, analytical chemistry before undergoing the same manufacturing process. Resulted cheese samples were ripened for 6 months and analysed for color, fat, protein, histamine concentration, textural properties and cheese holes development due to long ripening time. Our results show that the adulteration with buffalo milk could be detected both in milk and in cheese. Milk adulteration could be followed by appearance of β-lactoglobulin and significantly higher fat, protein and lactose concentration. Cheese adulteration impacted numerous parameters. Already the addition of 20 % buffalo milk resulted in 90 % higher cheese yield, darker and more yellowish cheese color and 74 % increase in hardness. Furthermore, sensory panellists observed a linear correlation between cheese holes and buffalo milk concentration and found significant difference to camel cheese already by addition of 40 % buffalo milk.

由于骆驼奶是一种高营养的牛奶，很难获得，因此人们越来越关注其掺假问题。尽管研究人员正在发表检测欺诈的方法，但仍然需要了解掺假对骆驼奶加工乳制品的影响。本研究旨在展示测定骆驼奶与水牛奶掺假的经典方法和新方法，包括奶酪的制造过程和成熟过程。将德国骆驼奶与不同比例的匈牙利水牛奶（0% - 20% - 40% - 60% - 80% - 100%）混合。在进行相同的制造过程之前，使用基于elisa的检测试剂盒，凝胶电泳，分析化学对巴氏奶样品进行分析。结果奶酪样品成熟6个月，分析了由于长时间成熟导致的颜色、脂肪、蛋白质、组胺浓度、质地特性和奶酪孔发育情况。结果表明，牛奶和奶酪中均可检出水牛奶掺假。掺假后会出现β-乳球蛋白，脂肪、蛋白质和乳糖浓度显著升高。奶酪掺假影响了许多参数。加入20%的水牛奶已经使奶酪产量提高了90%，奶酪颜色更深、更黄，硬度提高了74%。此外，感官小组成员观察到奶酪洞和水牛奶浓度之间的线性关系，并发现添加40%水牛奶的骆驼奶酪有显著差异。

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引用次数: 0

Climate-resilient genetic selection in cattle: Insights from resilience phenotypes of Fogera cattle under climate variabilities 牛的气候适应性遗传选择：气候变化下福格拉牛适应性表型的见解

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100538

Demelash Kassahun , Mekonnen Tilahun , Zeleke Tesema , Mulugeta Meseret , Eyasu Lakew , Assemu Tesfa , Addisu Bitew , Mulat Lakew , Tewodros Bimrow , Mehari Ayalew , Adebabay Kebede , Beyadglign Hunegnaw , Adebabay Adane , Demelash Dagnaw , Mulugeta Alemayehu , Getinet Mekuriaw Tarekegn

This study aimed to derive novel resilience phenotypes in response to climatic variability using pedigree and phenotypic data from 646 Fogera cows recorded between 1998 and 2011. The data included average daily milk yield, productive longevity, functional longevity, and heat tolerance index. Resilience phenotypes were estimated through genotype-by-environment interaction analyses using a random regression model with reaction norm functions, integrated with climate data accessed from the NASA POWER database. Genetic parameters and correlations between resilience and economic traits were estimated using the animal model using Average Information Restricted Maximum Likelihood (AIREML) of WOMBAT. Genetic trends were evaluated by regressing estimated breeding values (EBVs) by calving year. Future resilience potential under projected climate scenarios was analyzed using downscaled data from the Climate Change Knowledge Portal, applying bias correction and quantile mapping at a 10 km resolution. Results showed that increasing temperature-humidity index and declining rainfall significantly reduced resilience phenotypes of Fogera cattle. Heritability estimates were low to moderate under both temperature-humidity index and rainfall variability, suggesting a moderate genetic basis for adaptive traits. Negative genetic correlations between milk yield, longevity, and resilience traits indicated antagonism between productivity and adaptability. The genetic decline in resilience likely resulted from selection emphasizing productivity over adaptability. Across all climate scenarios, resilience potential consistently declined, emphasizing the need for climate-smart breeding strategies integrating resilience and production traits to ensure sustainable genetic progress under changing climatic conditions.

本研究旨在利用1998年至2011年间记录的646头Fogera奶牛的谱系和表型数据，得出应对气候变化的新型恢复力表型。数据包括平均日产奶量、生产寿命、功能寿命和耐热指数。利用反应范数函数的随机回归模型，结合NASA POWER数据库的气候数据，通过基因型-环境相互作用分析，估计了恢复力表型。利用袋熊的平均信息限制最大似然（Average Information Restricted Maximum Likelihood， AIREML）动物模型估计了袋熊恢复力与经济性状的遗传参数和相关性。通过对产犊年份的估计育种值（ebv）回归来评价遗传趋势。利用来自气候变化知识门户网站的缩小数据，应用偏差校正和10公里分辨率的分位数制图，分析了预测气候情景下的未来复原力潜力。结果表明，温湿指数的增加和降雨量的减少显著降低了福格拉牛的恢复表型。温湿指数和降雨变异的遗传力均为低至中等，表明适应性性状具有中等遗传基础。产奶量、寿命和抗逆性性状之间存在负相关的遗传关系，表明生产力与适应性之间存在拮抗关系。恢复力的遗传下降可能是由于选择强调生产力而不是适应性。在所有气候情景中，恢复力潜力持续下降，这强调了将恢复力和生产性状结合起来的气候智能型育种战略的必要性，以确保在不断变化的气候条件下实现可持续的遗传进步。

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引用次数: 0

Allelic diversity of Blec2 gene in indigenous and local chickens and red junglefowl in Thailand: Implications for disease resistance 泰国本地鸡和地方鸡及红丛林鸡Blec2基因的等位基因多样性：对抗病的影响

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100532

Trifan Budi , Worapong Singchat , Nivit Tanglertpaibul , Thanyapat Thong , Thitipong Panthum , Aingorn Chaiyes , Narongrit Muangmai , Orathai Sawatdichaikul , Darren K Griffin , Prateep Duengkae , Yoichi Matsuda , Kornsorn Srikulnath

Although selective breeding significantly enhances production traits in commercial chickens, it often compromises their immune function. Indigenous chickens, however, typically exhibit strong disease resistance. The major histocompatibility complex plays a critical role in the adaptive immune responses to pathogens in chickens. The Blec2 gene in the MHC-B region, which encodes a putative natural killer cell receptor, is a promising candidate that influences the early immune responses. Little, however, is known about polymorphisms of this gene in indigenous and local chicken breeds or red junglefowl in Thailand. In this study, polymorphisms in a partial fragment of exon 4 and intron 3 of Blec2 were examined using targeted next-generation sequencing and genetic diversity analyses. Fourteen alleles and nine single nucleotide substitutions were identified; these included both silent and missense mutations, which may influence immune function. Notably, one allele, Blec2*TH2, referred to as haplotype 21, is reported to be strongly associated with resistance against the H5N1 virus. Purifying selection alongside stochastic processes were also observed in this gene fragment, indicating a strong potential for disease resistance. By contrast, Blec2*TH13 allele referred to as haplotype 13, which was previously reported to correlate with 100% mortality rate for avian influenza, was detected in Nin Kaset breed. The study findings indicate the existence of diverse immune response mechanisms in indigenous and local chickens and red junglefowl in Thailand. These findings provide valuable insights that should be relevant for information for developing breeding programs using marker-assisted selection to enhance the immune resilience of commercial poultry stocks.

虽然选择性育种显著提高了商品鸡的生产性状，但它往往损害了它们的免疫功能。然而，本地鸡通常表现出很强的抗病能力。主要组织相容性复合体在鸡对病原体的适应性免疫反应中起关键作用。MHC-B区域的Blec2基因编码一种假定的自然杀伤细胞受体，是一种有希望影响早期免疫反应的候选基因。然而，人们对该基因在泰国本土和当地鸡品种或红色丛林鸮中的多态性知之甚少。在这项研究中，利用下一代测序和遗传多样性分析，研究了Blec2外显子4和内含子3部分片段的多态性。鉴定出14个等位基因和9个单核苷酸取代；这些突变包括沉默突变和错义突变，它们可能影响免疫功能。值得注意的是，一个等位基因Blec2*TH2，被称为单倍型21，据报道与对H5N1病毒的耐药性密切相关。在该基因片段中还观察到净化选择和随机过程，表明具有很强的抗病潜力。相比之下，Blec2*TH13等位基因（即单倍型13）在宁卡塞特品种中被检测到，该等位基因先前被报道与100%的禽流感死亡率相关。研究结果表明，泰国本土鸡和当地鸡以及红丛林鸡存在不同的免疫反应机制。这些发现提供了有价值的见解，应该与利用标记辅助选择开发育种计划的信息相关，以提高商业家禽种群的免疫弹性。

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