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POLISEMIČNA STRUKTURA PRIDJEVA SEC / SUH PREMA MODELU PRIMJENJIVIH SEMIČKIH OBILJEŽJA (PSO) 政治结构本身/基于家庭变革模型(PSO)
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-12-10 DOI: 10.18485/kkonline.2017.8.8.9
Barbara Vodanović
This paper deals with a very specific theoretical and methodological framework  which draws on the tradition of semic analysis and concerns the problem of the virtual and actual within the linguistic sign. F. Rastier (1987)  defines virtualization as “neutralization of a seme in context“ , and actualization  as “an interpretive operation which identifies or constructs a seme in context“, whereas Ch. Cusimano (2008) and (2012) pursues the problems related to the virtualization and actualization of the linguistic sign from the Saussurian signified to Guillaume's postulate of effective discourse and J. Picoche's potent word, which can be found in the structure of the linguistic sign in its pre-use. We have illustrated the problem of the actual and virtual with the example of two adjectives, the French sec and Croatian suh (dry). The adjectives have been analyzed by adopting the so-called differential approach to lexical meaning through a semic analysis. The aim of our analysis is to isloate the semic features of the adjectival lexemes, to see the extent to which they coincide in the two languages, as well as  whether there is some stable structure, an element of the meaning which acts from the position of the archisememe. Seme, since it is actualized in context, in fact is neither distinctive nor pertinent but variable, depending on the socio-cultural group to which speakers belong. Inherent semes are part of the functional (operative) system of language and actually define the lexeme, while afferent are those semes which arise from the codification of the system through more or less socially conditioned norms. In contrast to inherent, afferent semes belong to different taxemes, which are actualized in context. Cusimano (2008: 41-42) suggests that contextual and situational variations should be attributed to the semic features which he calls ASFs, (Fr. traits semiques d'application, TSA). The ASFs are not an integral part of the sememe which is considered to be the core of the signified, although they influence it, and therefore do not have invariant character. Semes, these minimal units contained in the sememe, in contrast to the ASFs, are imbued with invariants. The ASFs are shown as a result of a previous use which determines whether or not and how the options of polysemous lexemes will be selected, and they are therefore able to represent the image (Fr. ideelle) of semantic information and identify it as a pertinent unit of meaning. According to this model, the ASFs function as the data which in cognitive linguistics are called encyclopaedic information organized in semantic information on the basis of prototypicality, and which are responsible for polysemy. ASFs are as virtual potential placed within the configuration of a minimal semantic framework. They are, as an integral part of the signified, necessary information in the structure of an onomasiologically perceived sememe. The first step in the analysis of the above adjectives was to ide
隐喻迁移是由于“delits referentiels”(Kleiber 1994:205)而发生的,“delits referencels”发生在从一个类别到另一个类别的过渡过程中。在拟人化的层面上,我们实际上意识到形容词suh(dry)的使用分布存在根本差异在这两种语言中,由于隐喻转换通常是社会习俗编纂的结果,而在两种比较系统中,社会习俗不一定相同。因此,例如rester sec a un examen或biti od suhog zlata在另一个系统中没有等价物,尽管在两种语言的例子中,都有一个我们之前定义为有力词/llack/的外延。这个表示是一个稳定的结构,并根据需要通过半特征来激活。
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引用次数: 0
GERMANIZMI U SAVREMENOM SRPSKOM JEZIKU, U GERMANOSLAVISTIČKOJ LITERATURI I U ROMANU SEMPER IDEM ĐORĐA LEBOVIĆA 德国公民,德国公民
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-12-10 DOI: 10.18485/kkonline.2017.8.8.4
Jelena Kostić-Tomović
As can be seen from the title, this paper has three goals: (1) to present the most prominent features of German loanwords in modern Serbian (along with basic concepts of contact linguistics), (2) to provide a brief survey of most recent linguistic research into German words in Serbian, and (3) to analyze the features and use of German loanwords in the novel Sepmer idem written by Đorđe Lebovic, an eminent Serbian 20th-21st century author. Therefore, this paper has three main parts. The first one is about the classification of foreign words into loanwords and calques, and the classification of German words into substantial, international and structural, about their adaptation in terms of Serbian orthography, pronunciation and morphology, its lexical needs, direct and indirect borrowing etc. The second one deals with current research into German words conducted by Serbian and German scholars, while the focus is on two studies: "Nemacki uticaji u nasem jeziku" by professor Milos Trivunac, one of the founders of German studies at university level, and "Germanismen im Serbischen und Kroatischen" by B. Golubovic, a modern Slavic scholar (Golubovic 2007). The third part of the paper analyzes German loanwords in Đorđe Lebovic's prose. Since many young linguists and students find German influence on Serbian is very interesting, and many of them decide to write term papers and MA theses in this field, the author tried to summarize basic information about this topic offered by ample literature in Serbian and German, to present them in a clear an meaningful way and to point out the possibilities for the application of these data when analyzing the corresponding aspect of certain literary texts in Serbian by using examples from Lebovic's texts. Depending on what a particular work of literature offers, results of such an analysis can prove the current insights or even make them more profound.
从标题中可以看出,本文有三个目标:(1)呈现现代塞尔维亚语中德语借词的最突出特征(以及接触语言学的基本概念),20世纪至21世纪著名的塞尔维亚作家。因此,本文主要分为三个部分。第一部分是外来词和calques的分类,德语词分为实体词、国际词和结构词,以及它们在塞尔维亚语正字法、发音和形态、词汇需求、直接和间接借用等方面的适应。第二个是塞尔维亚和德国学者对德语单词的研究,重点是两个研究:大学德语研究的创始人之一米洛斯·特里武纳克教授的“Nemacki uticaji u nasem jeziku”和现代斯拉夫学者B.Golubovic的“Germanismen im Serbischen und Kroatischen”(Golubovic2007)。第三部分分析了列波维奇散文中的德语借词。由于许多年轻的语言学家和学生发现德语对塞尔维亚语的影响非常有趣,并且他们中的许多人决定写这一领域的学期论文和硕士论文,作者试图总结大量塞尔维亚语和德语文献提供的关于这一主题的基本信息,以一种清晰而有意义的方式呈现它们,并通过使用Lebovic文本中的例子,指出在分析塞尔维亚语某些文学文本的相应方面时应用这些数据的可能性。根据特定的文学作品所提供的内容,这样的分析结果可以证明当前的见解,甚至使其更加深刻。
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引用次数: 0
RODNA KOMUNIKACIJA KAO VARIJANTA UČTIVOSTI 作为参与价值观的家庭沟通
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-12-10 DOI: 10.18485/KKONLINE.2017.8.8.7
Jasna D. Popović
There is an abundance of research on linguistic politeness which explore the influence of nonlinguistic, social factors such as gender on the formulation of politeness strategies. Having in mind various sociolinguistic studies (Maltz, Borker, 1982; Tannen, 1990; Troemel-Plotz, 1991; Gray, 1992; Johnson, 2000, DeVito, 2002; Wood, 1997; Basow, Rubenfeld, 2003) which claim there are male-female differences in linguistic behaviour and that women are more polite in communication than men, the aim of this paper is to investigate the extent to which a non-linguistic variable of gender affects the degree of directness and formulation of strategies used for realising the speech acts of request, favour asking and apology. The author of this paper thus endeavours to explore if the non-linguistic variable of gender affects the directness of politeness among the Serbian and the English native speakers, and if these speakers would change the degree od directness of the chosen strategy if they were to address a female instead of a male in the same context.   Linguistic corpora used for the research are gathered from the native speakers of Serbian and English language by means of a sociolinguistic questionnaire as a data elicitation technique. The said questionnaire consists of 18 socially-differentiated situations each of which describes the social context and the level of social power among the participants. The situations were designed so as to provide a context which may be expected to give rise to particular request/favour-asking/apology strategies. Since the questionnaire is of a semi-closed type, the respondents could choose among the offered responses or they could write down their own answer. The offered answers are in line with the Brown and Levinson’s (Brown, Levinson, 1987) taxonomy of politeness strategies, namely, the respondents were offered a direct strategy under a, positive politeness strategy under b, negative politeness strategy under c, and indirect strategy under d. They were also provided free space to write down their own answer in case their answer is none of the suggested. The author views the respondents’ answers not from the aspect of being more or less polite, but from the aspect of the (in)directness degree of the chosen strategy. For this reason, this study places politeness strategies on a directness scale where direct strategy is the first and most direct one and indirect strategy is the last and least direct one.    The respondents were first asked to choose a strategy they would use for addressing a man and then to state if they would change the selected strategy if they were to address a woman in the same situation. In case the answer was yes, they were asked to provide the strategy they would use in this case. Based on comparative quantitative and qualitative analysis of the collected data, conclusions were drawn onthe  differences in the degree of directness in a defined social context between male and female speakers and
关于语言礼貌的研究大量探讨了性别等非语言的社会因素对礼貌策略制定的影响。考虑到各种社会语言学研究(Maltz, Borker, 1982;泰南,1990;Troemel-Plotz, 1991;灰色,1992;Johnson, 2000; DeVito, 2002;木,1997;Basow, Rubenfeld, 2003)声称男女在语言行为上存在差异,女性在交流中比男性更有礼貌,本文的目的是研究性别的非语言变量对实现请求,请求和道歉等言语行为的直接程度和策略制定的影响程度。因此,本文的作者试图探讨性别的非语言变量是否影响塞尔维亚语和英语母语者之间的直接礼貌,以及如果这些说话者在相同的语境中称呼女性而不是男性,他们是否会改变所选择策略的直接程度。用于研究的语料库是通过社会语言学问卷作为数据提取技术从塞尔维亚语和英语母语者中收集的。上述问卷由18个社会差异情境组成,每个情境描述了参与者的社会背景和社会权力水平。这些情境的设计是为了提供一个可能会产生特定请求/请求帮助/道歉策略的背景。由于问卷是半封闭式的,受访者可以在提供的答案中选择,也可以写下自己的答案。提供的答案符合Brown和Levinson (Brown, Levinson, 1987)的礼貌策略分类,即在a项下为受访者提供直接策略,在b项下为受访者提供积极礼貌策略,在c项下为受访者提供消极礼貌策略,在d项下为受访者提供间接策略。如果他们的答案不是建议的答案,他们也可以自由写下自己的答案。作者不是从礼貌的多少来看待受访者的回答,而是从选择策略的直接程度来看待。因此,本研究将礼貌策略放在直接性尺度上,直接策略是最直接的,间接策略是最后的,最不直接的。受访者首先被要求选择一种他们会使用的策略来称呼一个男人,然后陈述如果他们在同样的情况下称呼一个女人,他们是否会改变选择的策略。如果答案是肯定的,他们被要求提供在这种情况下他们将使用的策略。通过对收集到的数据进行定量和定性的对比分析,得出结论:在特定的社会背景下,男性和女性说话者在直接程度上的差异,以及上述非语言变量对两种语言群体中策略制定的影响。在这项研究中进行的性别间比较分析没有显示男性和女性受访者在直接程度和制定策略方面有任何统计学上的显著差异,无论是塞尔维亚人还是英语人士。在所有三种言语行为的层面上,两组人都喜欢的策略是积极和消极礼貌的混合。此外,这两个群体的绝大多数人都表示,如果他们在同样的语境中称呼女性,他们不会改变称呼男性时的直接程度或策略。本文的分析根据当代性别和话语研究的假设,认识到社会背景和社会因素的重要性。除此之外,考虑到第三次女权主义浪潮主张在实践共同体层面分析女性的语言行为,以识别性别内者变异,本文作者认为,进一步的研究应侧重于具体的实践共同体,以识别性别内者变异。
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引用次数: 0
Glagoli govorenja kao markeri emfaze – slučaj pseudocitiranja 作为强调标记的词汇--伪词化的情况
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.18485/KKONLINE.2016.7.7.10
Natalija M. Panić Cerovski, Branislav D. Ivanović
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引用次数: 1
Addressing Coherence in English-Arabic Subtitling by Amateur Aficionados 英语-阿拉伯语业余字幕爱好者对连贯性的探讨
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.18485/KKONLINE.2016.7.7.8
Mat Mohammad Ahmad Thawabteh, Sulafa Musallam
The present article discusses coherence in terms of linguistic, cultural and polysemiotic channels. Subtitlers are often faced with major stumbling blocks to get the message across in a cohesive and coherent fashion within the scope of various semiotic modalities, typically underpinning the construction of meaning. The present study is based on the data excerpted from the famous American sitcom, The Fresh Prince of Bel Air first aired in 1990, subtitled by two amateur subtitling aficionados and one MA translation student (who will be referred to as student subtitler) enrolled on Audiovisual Translation course at Al-Quds University for the school year 2014/2015. The article employs a comparative analysis of the subtitles made by the amateur subtitlers and a trained subtitler. The article reveals that the student subtitler seems to be more aware of the specificities of subtitling and capable of rendering the accurate coherent semiotic meaning(s) of the uttered communication in the American sitcom than the other subtitlers. The article finally proposes a number of implications for the work of amateur subtitling aficionados and student subtitler and makes various recommendations that might assist in improving the translation quality.
本文从语言、文化和多义渠道三个方面探讨了连贯。在不同的符号学模式范围内,字幕者经常面临着以连贯一致的方式传达信息的主要障碍,这通常是意义构建的基础。本研究基于摘自1990年首播的美国著名情景喜剧《新鲜的贝莱尔王子》的数据,该情景喜剧的字幕由两名业余字幕爱好者和一名2014/2015学年在圣城大学视听翻译课程注册的翻译硕士学生(以下简称学生字幕师)担任。本文对业余字幕工作者和专业字幕工作者所作的字幕进行了对比分析。研究发现,在美国情景喜剧中,学生字幕者似乎比其他字幕者更能意识到字幕的特殊性,并能准确地表达出话语交际的连贯符号学意义。文章最后提出了一些对业余字幕爱好者和学生字幕工作者工作的启示,并提出了有助于提高翻译质量的各种建议。
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引用次数: 3
"A Language Expert Protects True Values and National Interests": A Look into the Construction of Linguistic Expertise in the Metalinguistic Discourses in Lithuania and Serbia “语言专家保护真正的价值和国家利益”:立陶宛和塞尔维亚元语言话语中的语言专家建构
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.18485/KKONLINE.2016.7.7.11
Vuk Vukotić
Linguists, language teachers and all other types of language experts are of key importance in the dissemination of beliefs about language, today referred to in literature as language ideologies (Rumsey, 1990). In spite of the great deal of attention given to language experts in sociolinguistic literature, very little research has looked into how these experts and their expertise is perceived amongst non - experts. A study of the perception of experts would help answer the question of how language ideologies c ome about, how are they formed by non - experts and are there any competing language ideologies, that language users come up with themselves. The aim of this paper is, thus, to explore the discursive construction of language experts amongst lay language user s. The data is drawn from online comment sections, and two communities are compared: Lithuania and Serbia. The research is qualitative, based on a relatively small number of comments, with the main goal to identify tendencies which could be examined in fur ther research. The analytical tools build upon the notion of interdiscursivity . Following Bauman (2005) is assumed that every utterance (or here: a comment) is created ideologically, by relying on recognisable ways of speaking, voicing and answering to discourses circulating in society. Such an analysis of the possible connections o f this discourse with other discourses could offer some explanation how language ideologies coming from language experts are perpetuated, negotiated or reconstructed.
语言学家、语言教师和所有其他类型的语言专家在传播关于语言的信念方面至关重要,今天在文学中被称为语言意识形态(拉姆齐,1990)。尽管在社会语言学文献中对语言专家给予了大量关注,但很少有研究关注这些专家及其专业知识在非专家中是如何被感知的。对专家感知的研究将有助于回答语言意识形态是如何产生的问题,它们是如何由非专家形成的,以及是否存在语言使用者自己提出的与之竞争的语言意识形态。因此,本文的目的是探索外行语言用户中语言专家的话语结构。数据来自在线评论部分,并比较了两个社区:立陶宛和塞尔维亚。该研究是定性的,基于相对较少的评论,其主要目标是确定可以在研究中检查的趋势。分析工具建立在话语间性的概念之上。根据鲍曼(2005)的假设,每一个话语(或这里的评论)都是意识形态上的创造,依靠可识别的说话方式,表达和回答社会中流传的话语。这种对这一话语与其他话语之间可能联系的分析,可以解释来自语言专家的语言意识形态是如何延续、协商或重建的。
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引用次数: 0
Beauty as a Reason for Life and an Ingredient of Life: Colum Mccann’s “Let the Great World Spin” 美是生命的理由和生命的组成部分:科伦·麦肯的《让伟大的世界旋转》
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.18485/KKONLINE.2016.7.7.5
J. Pršić
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引用次数: 0
Some Features of Arabic Postfolklore in Online Communication 网络传播中的阿拉伯后民俗特征
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.18485/KKONLINE.2016.7.7.1
A. Kucherenko
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引用次数: 1
Reassessing Algerian Arab Modernity: Aḥmad Riḍā Ḥūḥū’s Ġādat Umm al-qurà 重新评估阿尔及利亚阿拉伯的现代性:Aḥmad Riḍā Ḥūḥū的Ġādat Umm al- qur<e:1>
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.18485/KKONLINE.2016.7.7.3
Jolanda Guardi
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引用次数: 1
Fikcionalni svetovi satire u „Guliverovim putovanjima” Džonatana Svifta 乔纳森·斯威夫特《格列佛游记》中的虚构世界讽刺
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.18485/kkonline.2016.7.7.6
Srđan D. Srdić
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引用次数: 0
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