The starting point in the Jewish religion for all reflections on the subject of the body, and hence also on sexuality, is the biblical image of man as "imago Dei". Thus in Judaism there are no forms of duality in which there would be an aporia between the flesh and the spiritual. Judaism teaches that man is primarily created in the image and likeness of God, and at the same time he is by nature a gifted being. As such, it enters into relations both with the Creator and with other human beings. Thus in Judaism there is a connection between human sexuality and the human sociality, and these dimensions in turn have their reference to God. Three dimensions of human existence (human sexuality, human sociality, human sanctity) condition each other. The Jewish religion clearly shows that the sphere of the human sexuality has gone through the path of socialization and spiritualization. Halacha – Jewish law regulates the life of a Jew in such detail and in such a way that it is sometimes difficult to distinguish a religious field from a secular one, a spiritual one from a physical one, a transcendent one from an immanent one. Everything has its reference to God. In Judaism, the whole man, and not only a part of it, is good. The presented article will show teaching Judaism about human sexuality in the light of traditional sources of Judaism: Torah, Talmud and the codices of Jewish law.
{"title":"Judaism and Human Sexuality","authors":"W. Szczerbiński","doi":"10.12775/BPTH.2019.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/BPTH.2019.006","url":null,"abstract":"The starting point in the Jewish religion for all reflections on the subject of the body, and hence also on sexuality, is the biblical image of man as \"imago Dei\". Thus in Judaism there are no forms of duality in which there would be an aporia between the flesh and the spiritual. Judaism teaches that man is primarily created in the image and likeness of God, and at the same time he is by nature a gifted being. As such, it enters into relations both with the Creator and with other human beings. Thus in Judaism there is a connection between human sexuality and the human sociality, and these dimensions in turn have their reference to God. Three dimensions of human existence (human sexuality, human sociality, human sanctity) condition each other. The Jewish religion clearly shows that the sphere of the human sexuality has gone through the path of socialization and spiritualization. Halacha – Jewish law regulates the life of a Jew in such detail and in such a way that it is sometimes difficult to distinguish a religious field from a secular one, a spiritual one from a physical one, a transcendent one from an immanent one. Everything has its reference to God. In Judaism, the whole man, and not only a part of it, is good. The presented article will show teaching Judaism about human sexuality in the light of traditional sources of Judaism: Torah, Talmud and the codices of Jewish law.","PeriodicalId":37181,"journal":{"name":"Biblica et Patristica Thoruniensia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46959680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"To Eat or Not to Eat. Politics, Religion, and Eating in 1 Kings 13","authors":"Z. Pawłowski","doi":"10.12775/BPTH.2019.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/BPTH.2019.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37181,"journal":{"name":"Biblica et Patristica Thoruniensia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46304840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Esegesi patristica di Gv 4,21–24 e il vero culto a Gerusalemme (II parte)","authors":"M. Paczkowski","doi":"10.12775/bpth.2019.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/bpth.2019.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37181,"journal":{"name":"Biblica et Patristica Thoruniensia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46353935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recenzja: M. Moj, Kompozycje warstwowe w Ewangelii Marka, (Sandwich Technique in the Gospel of Mark) Attende Lectioni. Series Nova nr 1, Tarnów 2018, ss. 367","authors":"P. Podeszwa","doi":"10.12775/BPTH.2019.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/BPTH.2019.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37181,"journal":{"name":"Biblica et Patristica Thoruniensia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42260104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The title ὁ ἄρχων in the Fourth Gospel (FG) is unanimously attributed to the opponent of Jesus. But is that what Jesus intends with the title? The analysis of its three occurrences (John 12:31; 14:30; 16:11) will show that a new interpretation of this Johannine title, different from the opinion of the Church Fathers and most exegetes, can be attempted. The article will demonstrate that the attribution of this title to Jesus is a sustainable hypothesis that unveils how the Johannine Jesus prepares his own for the hour and preannounces his glorification.
{"title":"“The Ruler” in the Fourth Gospel","authors":"Mariana Berliana Ali","doi":"10.12775/BPTH.2019.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/BPTH.2019.002","url":null,"abstract":"The title ὁ ἄρχων in the Fourth Gospel (FG) is unanimously attributed to the opponent of Jesus. But is that what Jesus intends with the title? The analysis of its three occurrences (John 12:31; 14:30; 16:11) will show that a new interpretation of this Johannine title, different from the opinion of the Church Fathers and most exegetes, can be attempted. The article will demonstrate that the attribution of this title to Jesus is a sustainable hypothesis that unveils how the Johannine Jesus prepares his own for the hour and preannounces his glorification.","PeriodicalId":37181,"journal":{"name":"Biblica et Patristica Thoruniensia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45930738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pilate’s declaration ἰδοὺ ὁ ἄνθρωπος found in John 19:5 has given rise to a number of interpretations that seem in basic agreement, yet, at the same time, many others of a divergent and opposing nature. Among the many treatments of this verse is a whole set of proposals that see in Pilate’s words an allusion to various Old Testament texts. The present article aims at presenting the range of these scholarly interpretations (both older and modern ones) which resort to an Old Testament background for the famous ecce homo phrase. The article then focuses the discussion on Daniel’s “Son of Man”, the Isaianic “Suffering Servant”, the messianic “man” of Zec 6:12 and Num 24:17 (LXX), Adamic typology, the king of 1 Sm 9:17, and finally the figure of the bridegroom from the Song of Songs. In each case, an evaluation of the hypothetical Old Testament background is given. The author concurs with the idea of multiple intertextual Old Testament references encapsulated in Pilate’s ecce homo utterance.
彼拉多在约翰福音19:5中所说的“ι δο ος ο νθρωπος”，引起了许多看似基本一致的解释，但同时，也有许多其他的不同和对立的性质。在对这节经文的许多处理中，有一整套建议，在彼拉多的话中看到了各种旧约经文的典故。本文旨在介绍这些学术解释的范围(包括旧的和现代的)，这些解释诉诸于著名的旧约背景。然后，文章重点讨论了但以理的“人子”，以赛亚的“受苦的仆人”，亚6:12和民24:17 (LXX)中的弥赛亚“人”，亚当的预表，撒上9:17的王，最后是雅歌中的新郎形象。在每种情况下，对假设的旧约背景进行评估。作者同意多重互文旧约引用封装在彼拉多的异类话语的想法。
{"title":"The Old Testament Background of “Ecce Homo” in John 19:5","authors":"Adam Kubiś","doi":"10.12775/BPTH.2018.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/BPTH.2018.024","url":null,"abstract":"Pilate’s declaration ἰδοὺ ὁ ἄνθρωπος found in John 19:5 has given rise to a number of interpretations that seem in basic agreement, yet, at the same time, many others of a divergent and opposing nature. Among the many treatments of this verse is a whole set of proposals that see in Pilate’s words an allusion to various Old Testament texts. The present article aims at presenting the range of these scholarly interpretations (both older and modern ones) which resort to an Old Testament background for the famous ecce homo phrase. The article then focuses the discussion on Daniel’s “Son of Man”, the Isaianic “Suffering Servant”, the messianic “man” of Zec 6:12 and Num 24:17 (LXX), Adamic typology, the king of 1 Sm 9:17, and finally the figure of the bridegroom from the Song of Songs. In each case, an evaluation of the hypothetical Old Testament background is given. The author concurs with the idea of multiple intertextual Old Testament references encapsulated in Pilate’s ecce homo utterance.","PeriodicalId":37181,"journal":{"name":"Biblica et Patristica Thoruniensia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43436683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the most characteristic and, at the same time, enigmatic formulas of the Book of Judges is syntagma rûaḥ YHWH, regarded as one of the oldest forms of the Old Testament pneumatology, which attempts to express the spiritual character of the salvific presence and activity of God YHWH in the history of the chosen people. This formula is used by both the authors of the original sources about the pre-monarchic liberators of Israel (Judg. 13:1; 14:6,19; 15:14), as well as their Deuteronomistic redactors (Judg. 3:10; 6:34; 11:29) who relying on the theology of the Sinai covenant and the principles of God’s retribution decided to reconstruct the era of judges. The article examines the origins and etymological and theological meaning of the Hebrew root rwḥ and the formula rûaḥ YHWH, as well as the biblical concept of God’s spirit in the broad context of ancient Middle Eastern literature and biblical traditions about judges.
{"title":"The Spirit of YHWH as the Charism of the Pre-Monarchic Liberators of Israel and the Theological Symbol of God’s Salvific Activity in the Book of Judges","authors":"D. Dziadosz","doi":"10.12775/bpth.2018.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/bpth.2018.023","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most characteristic and, at the same time, enigmatic formulas of the Book of Judges is syntagma rûaḥ YHWH, regarded as one of the oldest forms of the Old Testament pneumatology, which attempts to express the spiritual character of the salvific presence and activity of God YHWH in the history of the chosen people. This formula is used by both the authors of the original sources about the pre-monarchic liberators of Israel (Judg. 13:1; 14:6,19; 15:14), as well as their Deuteronomistic redactors (Judg. 3:10; 6:34; 11:29) who relying on the theology of the Sinai covenant and the principles of God’s retribution decided to reconstruct the era of judges. The article examines the origins and etymological and theological meaning of the Hebrew root rwḥ and the formula rûaḥ YHWH, as well as the biblical concept of God’s spirit in the broad context of ancient Middle Eastern literature and biblical traditions about judges.","PeriodicalId":37181,"journal":{"name":"Biblica et Patristica Thoruniensia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44671469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Book review: Barbara Strzałkowska, The Book of Proverbs 1–9 in the Septuagint. The Analysis of “Additions” and “Gaps” in Comparison with the Masoretic Text (MT) in Light of Ancient Textual Evidence. Dissertations and Biblical Studies 48, Warszawa 2017","authors":"D. Kotecki","doi":"10.12775/BPTH.2018.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/BPTH.2018.025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37181,"journal":{"name":"Biblica et Patristica Thoruniensia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49279169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ojcostwo Dawida – blaski i cienie Waznym zadaniem w zyciu mezczyzny jest bycie ojcem. Nie oznacza to jedynie fizycznego udzialu w poczeciu i zrodzeniu potomstwa, ale rowniez kwestie wychowania go. Wlaśnie dlatego w wielu kulturach mozna odnaleźc teksty zawierające wskazowki, jak tego dokonac. W Biblii nie znajdziemy zadnej instrukcji jak byc dobrym ojcem, ale mozemy odnaleźc postacie, ktore starają sie to zrealizowac. Jedną z nich byl krol Dawid. Mial on wiele dzieci i bardzo je kochal, chociaz nie zawsze jego postawa wzgledem nich byla w pelni odpowiedzialna. Dzieki tekstom biblijnym mozna zobaczyc, w jaki sposob Dawid realizowal sie jako ojciec.
{"title":"King David’s Fatherhood – the Bright and Dark Sides","authors":"Maciej Basiuk","doi":"10.12775/bpth.2018.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/bpth.2018.022","url":null,"abstract":"Ojcostwo Dawida – blaski i cienie Waznym zadaniem w zyciu mezczyzny jest bycie ojcem. Nie oznacza to jedynie fizycznego udzialu w poczeciu i zrodzeniu potomstwa, ale rowniez kwestie wychowania go. Wlaśnie dlatego w wielu kulturach mozna odnaleźc teksty zawierające wskazowki, jak tego dokonac. W Biblii nie znajdziemy zadnej instrukcji jak byc dobrym ojcem, ale mozemy odnaleźc postacie, ktore starają sie to zrealizowac. Jedną z nich byl krol Dawid. Mial on wiele dzieci i bardzo je kochal, chociaz nie zawsze jego postawa wzgledem nich byla w pelni odpowiedzialna. Dzieki tekstom biblijnym mozna zobaczyc, w jaki sposob Dawid realizowal sie jako ojciec.","PeriodicalId":37181,"journal":{"name":"Biblica et Patristica Thoruniensia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46044557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This essay argues that the background of the temple, and particular priestly and levitical activities, explain the logic of Eph. 5.18–21. After setting this text in context and addressing various proposed backgrounds, the proposal of this essay is initially examined in relation to the imperative to be filled ἐν πνεύματι in 5.18, which I argue is a dative of content. After seeing how this fits within the temple themes of the letter, the immediate context is explored to show how similar motifs continue to emerge. In particular, the prohibition of drunkenness is seen in relation to the desire for priests to abstain from alcohol while serving in the temple. The worship that ensues in the first four participles (5.19–20) that are dependent on the imperative to be “filled” (5.18) are similarly seen to be inspired by priestly and levitical actions, since singing was primarily relegated to the temple setting and to a particular levitical office within the cult. This is then finally situated in relation to the subsequent Haustafel, which is also grammatically subordinated to the imperative in 5.18. The Haustafel contributes to this scene by highlighting how, in the domestic context of early Christian house churches, the gathering was believed to be sacred space in which the church was a temple made of priests who were filled with the Spirit and praised God. In such corporate settings of worship, drunkenness is not to be permitted. Streszczenie. Autor artykułu argumentuje, że otoczenie świątyni, a zwłaszcza czynności kapłańskie i lewickie wyjaśniają logikę Ef 5,18–21. Po umiejscowieniu tekstu we właściwym kontekście i odniesieniu się do różnych zaproponowanych przesłanek na początku analizowane jest użycie trybu rozkazującego „być napełnionym ἐν πνεύματι” w Ef 5,18, formy, która według autora jest celownikiem treści. Po spojrzeniu na to zagadnienie w relacji do motywów świątynnych listu, analizowany jest najbliższy kontekst, aby pokazać, w jaki sposób pojawiają się podobne motywy. W szczególności zakaz pijaństwa postrzegany jest w łączności z zaleceniem, aby kapłani powstrzymywali się od alkoholu podczas służby w świątyni. Uwielbienie, jakie występuje w czterech pierwszych imiesłowach (5,19–20), które są zależne od trybu rozkazującego, być „wyJohn Anthony Dunne Bethel Seminary (St. Paul, MN)
这篇文章认为，寺庙的背景，特别是祭司和悬浮的活动，解释了以弗的逻辑。在将本文置于上下文中并处理了各种提出的背景后，本文的建议与5.18中精神上需要填写的命令进行了初步审查，我认为这是内容的与格。在看到这与信中的寺庙主题如何契合后，我们对直接的背景进行了探索，以展示类似的主题是如何继续出现的。特别是，禁止醉酒与牧师在寺庙服务时戒酒的愿望有关。确保前四个粒子（5.19-20）依赖于被“填充”的命令（5.18）的崇拜同样被视为受到祭司和悬浮行为的启发，因为唱歌主要与寺庙环境和邪教中特定的悬浮办公室有关。这最后与随后的Haustafel有关，后者在语法上也服从于5.18中的祈使句。Haustafel强调，在早期基督教家庭教堂的国内背景下，聚会被认为是神圣的空间，教堂是一座由充满圣灵并赞美上帝的牧师组成的寺庙。在这样的企业崇拜环境中，醉酒是不允许的。总结这篇文章的作者认为，神庙的周围环境，特别是祭司和利未人的活动，解释了以弗书5，18–21的逻辑。在将文本置于正确的上下文中并参考各种拟议的前提后，首先分析了Eph 5，18中“精神上填写”的命令模式的使用，作者认为这是内容的目标。在将这一问题与信中的寺庙主题联系起来之后，分析了直接的背景，以显示类似的主题是如何出现的。特别是，禁止醉酒与建议牧师在寺庙服务时戒酒是结合在一起的。发生在前四个代词（5.19-20）中的崇拜，取决于排序模式，是“wyJohn Anthony Dunne Bethel Seminary（明尼苏达州圣保罗）
{"title":"Filled with the Spirit: Wine and Worship in Levitical Light (Ephesians 5.18–21)","authors":"J. Dunne","doi":"10.12775/bpth.2018.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/bpth.2018.021","url":null,"abstract":"This essay argues that the background of the temple, and particular priestly and levitical activities, explain the logic of Eph. 5.18–21. After setting this text in context and addressing various proposed backgrounds, the proposal of this essay is initially examined in relation to the imperative to be filled ἐν πνεύματι in 5.18, which I argue is a dative of content. After seeing how this fits within the temple themes of the letter, the immediate context is explored to show how similar motifs continue to emerge. In particular, the prohibition of drunkenness is seen in relation to the desire for priests to abstain from alcohol while serving in the temple. The worship that ensues in the first four participles (5.19–20) that are dependent on the imperative to be “filled” (5.18) are similarly seen to be inspired by priestly and levitical actions, since singing was primarily relegated to the temple setting and to a particular levitical office within the cult. This is then finally situated in relation to the subsequent Haustafel, which is also grammatically subordinated to the imperative in 5.18. The Haustafel contributes to this scene by highlighting how, in the domestic context of early Christian house churches, the gathering was believed to be sacred space in which the church was a temple made of priests who were filled with the Spirit and praised God. In such corporate settings of worship, drunkenness is not to be permitted. Streszczenie. Autor artykułu argumentuje, że otoczenie świątyni, a zwłaszcza czynności kapłańskie i lewickie wyjaśniają logikę Ef 5,18–21. Po umiejscowieniu tekstu we właściwym kontekście i odniesieniu się do różnych zaproponowanych przesłanek na początku analizowane jest użycie trybu rozkazującego „być napełnionym ἐν πνεύματι” w Ef 5,18, formy, która według autora jest celownikiem treści. Po spojrzeniu na to zagadnienie w relacji do motywów świątynnych listu, analizowany jest najbliższy kontekst, aby pokazać, w jaki sposób pojawiają się podobne motywy. W szczególności zakaz pijaństwa postrzegany jest w łączności z zaleceniem, aby kapłani powstrzymywali się od alkoholu podczas służby w świątyni. Uwielbienie, jakie występuje w czterech pierwszych imiesłowach (5,19–20), które są zależne od trybu rozkazującego, być „wyJohn Anthony Dunne Bethel Seminary (St. Paul, MN)","PeriodicalId":37181,"journal":{"name":"Biblica et Patristica Thoruniensia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44649915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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