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Anti-Corruption Potential of Prohibiting the Financing of Election Campaigns by Commercial Organizations 禁止商业组织资助竞选活动的反贪潜力
Pub Date : 2021-05-01 DOI: 10.17516/1997-1370-0751
E. A. Akunchenko, I. A. Damm, V. V. Kostrykina, P. Teplyashin
The problem of political corruption is particularly relevant for modern criminological science. The processes of formation and functioning of power, due to their high social significance, have long been subject to negative corruption, and therefore they need a special protection mechanism. The subject of the study is the legal regulation of banning the financing of political activities (election campaigns), as well as its reflection in the local regulations of commercial organizations. The article presents a general description of the illegal financing of election campaigns as a form of political corruption, describes the problems of applying measures of retrospective responsibility in relation to its subjects, and also evaluates the effectiveness of banning the financing of political activities (election campaigns) in the system of preventing this form of corruption. To study the practice of regulating the prohibition in question at the level of local regulations of commercial organizations, the authors conducted monitoring of the official websites of 250 major Russian companies based on the methods of statistical analysis of sociolegal phenomena and processes. The results of the study allow us to conclude that it is necessary to take a set of measures aimed at encouraging commercial organizations to adopt anti-corruption compliance programs which will include a ban on financing political activities (election campaigns), as well as aimed at limiting the possibility of committing relevant corruption offenses.
政治腐败问题与现代犯罪学特别相关。权力的形成和运作过程由于其高度的社会意义,长期受到消极腐败的影响,因此需要一种特殊的保护机制。本研究的主题是禁止为政治活动(竞选活动)提供资金的法律规定及其在商业组织地方条例中的反映。本文对非法资助竞选活动作为一种政治腐败形式进行了一般性描述,描述了对其主体适用追溯责任措施的问题,并评估了禁止资助政治活动(竞选活动)在防止这种形式的腐败制度中的有效性。为了研究在商业组织地方法规一级规范有关禁令的做法,作者根据对社会法律现象和过程的统计分析方法,对250家俄罗斯主要公司的官方网站进行了监测。研究结果使我们得出结论,有必要采取一系列措施,鼓励商业组织采用反腐败合规计划,其中包括禁止为政治活动(竞选活动)提供资金,并限制实施相关腐败犯罪的可能性。
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引用次数: 4
Problems of Realization of the Rights of Russian Men to Reproductive Health 俄罗斯男性生殖健康权利的实现问题
Pub Date : 2021-05-01 DOI: 10.17516/1997-1370-0749
G. Komkova, R. Torosyan, A. Basova
The article presents an analysis of modern scientific literature and Russian legislation on legal regulation and the implementation of the right of men in Russia to protection of the reproductive health and specialized medical care. There were identified problems of the organization of andrological medical care for the male population in the Russian health care system, which affect the indicators of the incidence and life expectancy of men. It is proposed to improve Russian legislation regarding the training of andrologists and the organization of andrological medical care for the male population.
本文分析了现代科学文献和俄罗斯关于法律规范和落实俄罗斯男性生殖健康和专业医疗保健权利的立法。俄罗斯卫生保健系统在为男性人口组织男科医疗方面存在一些问题,这些问题影响了男性发病率和预期寿命的指标。建议改进俄罗斯关于男科医生培训和为男性人口组织男科医疗的立法。
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引用次数: 0
National Tax Security Assessment in the Tax Administration Mechanism 税收征管机制下的国家税收安全评估
Pub Date : 2021-05-01 DOI: 10.17516/1997-1370-0750
K. Ponomareva, K. Maslov, К. А. Пономарева, К. В. Маслов
The purpose of the article is to identify the essential features of indicators for national tax security and describe the system they comprise. The scope of the study is a comprehensive analysis of indicators for national tax security, aimed at identifying the nature of the correlation between the tax security and tax fairness indicators in interstate and domestic relations. Without understanding the essence and content of tax security indicators it is impossible to correctly assess the effectiveness of legal measures taken by states in the field of taxation. The article considers the impact of the international economic integration process on the assessment of tax security of different states in the context of the concept of national interests. The discussion on the composition of tax security indicators is based on the impact made by various socio-economic phenomena on taxation. The comparative analysis of legal and economic literature shows that the variety of tax security indicators can be classified into literally tax indicators, other internal economic, foreign economic, managerial, legal, technical, socio-demographic, technological, military, political, climate indicators etc. For the quantitative evaluation of the threats on tax security, certain thresholds on the indicators are set.
本文的目的是确定国家税收安全指标的基本特征,并描述它们所组成的系统。研究范围是对国家税收安全指标的综合分析,旨在确定州际和国内关系中税收安全和税收公平指标之间的相关性。如果不了解税收安全指标的本质和内容,就不可能正确评估各国在税收领域采取的法律措施的有效性。本文从国家利益的角度考虑了国际经济一体化进程对不同国家税收安全评估的影响。关于税收保障指标构成的讨论是基于各种社会经济现象对税收的影响。法律和经济文献的比较分析表明,各种税收安全指标可以分为字面上的税收指标、其他内部经济、外部经济、管理、法律、技术、社会人口、技术、军事、政治、气候指标等,设置指示器上的某些阈值。
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引用次数: 0
Law and Digitalization: Some Academic Illusions and Practical Issues 法律与数字化:一些学术幻想与现实问题
Pub Date : 2021-05-01 DOI: 10.17516/1997-1370-0745
I. Leksin
The article analyzes two interrelated issues: the influence of digitalization upon the key phenomena that the legal theory deals with and the degree to which digitalization of actual processes reflects in the construction of the legislative provisions. The author examines the body of recent papers on these issues and the content of the Russian electoral and referendum legislation affected by the digitalization processes. He criticizes the unduly broad approach to understanding digitalization the Russian legal scholars tend to use and questions the applicability of the respective word to the most important legal phenomena. Above all, it comes necessary that the law can lend itself to digitization, while by no means it can be digitalized. Among the practical challenges the author emphasizes the need to rethink or redesign the structure of the usual legal relations exposed to the digital context. Vocabulary update and other superficial amendments to the existing legal provisions are quite an insufficient answer to this challenge. A careful and sophisticated revision of legislative construction is required in order to deal with the digitization issues, while currently the mentioned need often remains without due attention of the lawmakers.
本文分析了两个相互关联的问题:数字化对法学理论处理的关键现象的影响以及实际过程的数字化在立法条款构建中的体现程度。作者研究了最近关于这些问题的论文,以及受数字化进程影响的俄罗斯选举和公民投票立法的内容。他批评了俄罗斯法律学者倾向于使用的过于宽泛的方法来理解数字化,并质疑了该词在最重要的法律现象中的适用性。最重要的是,法律必须能够数字化,而绝不能数字化。在实际挑战中,作者强调需要重新思考或重新设计暴露于数字背景下的通常法律关系的结构。词汇更新和对现有法律条款的其他肤浅修改是远远不足以应对这一挑战的。要应对数字化问题,需要对立法建设进行缜密细致的修改,而目前立法工作者往往对这一需求缺乏应有的重视。
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引用次数: 1
Review of Toponymic Studies of Altai and Siberia in the Anthropocentric Paradigm 以人为中心的阿尔泰和西伯利亚地名研究述评
Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.17516/1997-1370-0735
S. P. Vasil’eva, L. Dmitrieva
At the turn of the 20th–21st centuries there appeared a trend of appeal to the anthropocentric paradigm for scientific knowledge in the toponymic studies. In the previous period, the toponymic studies relied upon the properties of toponyms as language units at the semantic, structural, and grammatical levels. At the same time, the ethnocultural aspect of the geographic names manifesting the ethnocultural stereotypes for exploring the world, and, wider, for the worldview of both contemplating man and acting man remained outside the scope of linguistic studies. Rooted in the integrative approach to analysis of linguistic phenomena, the anthropocentrism principles determined a qualitatively new stage of research based on activating the cognitive structures of mental knowledge. Thus, the presented review shows that toponyms are an important source of ethnocultural information that can be extracted through cognitive modelling and linguistic and cultural interpretation within the framework of the anthropocentric paradigm. In the future, the applied methods of toponymic research can be extrapolated to other sources of linguistic and cultural information
在20世纪至21世纪之交,地名学研究中出现了一种对以人类为中心的科学知识范式的吸引力趋势。在前一时期,地名学研究依赖于地名在语义、结构和语法层面上作为语言单位的特性。与此同时,地名的民族文化方面表现出探索世界的民族文化刻板印象,更广泛地说,表现出思考人和行为人的世界观,仍然不在语言学研究的范围内。人类中心主义原则植根于对语言现象的综合分析方法,在激活心理知识的认知结构的基础上,确定了一个质的新研究阶段。因此,本文综述表明,地名是民族文化信息的重要来源,可以在人类中心范式的框架内通过认知建模以及语言和文化解释来提取这些信息。今后,地名研究的应用方法可以推广到其他语言和文化信息来源
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引用次数: 2
On the Functional Features of Image-Forming Verbs in Yakut and Tyvan Epic Texts: Comparative Analysis 雅库特与泰万史诗中意象动词的功能特征比较分析
Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.17516/1997-1370-0736
L. N. Gerasimova
This work examines the image-forming verbs of the Yakut and Tyvan languages, selected from the Yakut olonkho Dyyray Bogatyr, The Son of the Horse by I.I. Burnashev and the Tyvan heroic epic Khunan Khara by Chanchy-Hoo Oorzhak in order to identify semantic equivalents and functional features of verbs in epic texts, which will contribute to the definition of genetic communities and differences between the Turkic languages and the epic tradition. In analyzing of material, the method of continuous sampling, component analysis method, method of context (distributive) analysis and comparative method were used. The Yakut storyteller pays more attention to detailed and figurative descriptions to create entertainment, colorful pictures and actions, and the Tyvan storyteller – to movements, the course of actions for liveliness and brightness of the course of events, the development of plots. Yakut verbs are used in their original forms and in the forms formed using affixes of specific forms. And Tyvan verbs are used in forms based on the affixes of word formation of verbs and auxiliary verbs. The result of the study allows us to conclude that the functional feature and commonality of the Yakut and Tyvan image-forming verbs lie in their direct participation in the creation of images, description of pictures, and characterization of actions and transmission of feelings
这项工作考察了雅库特语和泰万语的图像形成动词,这些动词选自I.I.Burnashev的Yakut olonkho Dyyray Bogatyr、the Son of the Horse和Chanchy Hoo Oorzhak的泰万英雄史诗Khunan Khara,以确定史诗文本中动词的语义等价物和功能特征,这将有助于定义基因群落以及突厥语和史诗传统之间的差异。在材料分析中,采用了连续抽样法、成分分析法、上下文(分布)分析法和比较法。雅库特说书人更注重细节和形象的描述,以创造娱乐、丰富多彩的画面和动作,而泰万说书人则更注重动作、动作过程,以使事件过程生动明亮,情节发展。雅库特动词以其原始形式和使用特定形式词缀形成的形式使用。Tyvan动词的使用形式是基于动词和助动词的词缀。研究结果使我们得出结论,雅库特和泰万意象形成动词的功能特征和共同点在于它们直接参与意象的创造、画面的描述、动作的表征和情感的传递
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引用次数: 0
The Function of the Final Modal Particle 啊 in Chinese Dialogical Text: the Method of a Semantic Experiment 汉语对话语篇中末态助词的功能:语义实验方法
Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.17516/1997-1370-0739
S. A. Simatova, V. A. Kurdyumov
Although there are many studies devoted to the problem of Chinese final modal particles, their conclusions usually are not verified by appealing to the opinion of Chinese native speakers. The current study uses the procedure of a semantic experiment and statistical data processing method to analyze key functions of the final modal particle 啊. Respondents were given the fragments selected from Chinese dialogical texts, all these fragments included sentences with the particle 啊 (declarative, imperative, usual interrogative sentences and rhetorical questions). They were asked to evaluate the possibility of excluding the particle from the sentence in the given context without changing the basic meaning of the sentence. If respondents considered such exclusion possible, they also had to explain the difference between the sentences with and without the particle. The analysis of the semantic experiment results identified the following functions of the final modal particle 啊 in a Chinese sentence: 1) softening of the intonation and deescalation of the situation; 2) creation of the communicative tone that is more natural and appropriate to the communicative situation; 3) emphasis of the speaker’s feelings and emotions. These functions have been observed in declarative sentences, imperative sentences and rhetorical questions. In usual interrogative sentences the particle does not have a big influence on a sentence’s meaning that can be explained by the process of its grammaticalization. The function of feeling and emotion’s emphasis indicated by respondents confirms the idea that modus constructions might be the source of Chinese final modal particles
虽然对汉语末态助词问题的研究很多,但他们的结论往往没有通过征求母语为汉语的人的意见来验证。本研究采用语义实验的程序和统计数据处理的方法来分析终态语气词的关键功能。受访者从汉语对话文本中选择片段,这些片段都包括带有“?”的句子(陈述句、祈使句、通常疑问句和反问句)。他们被要求评估在不改变句子基本意思的情况下,在给定的上下文中从句子中排除这个助词的可能性。如果被调查者认为这种排除是可能的,他们还必须解释有和没有这个助词的句子之间的区别。通过对语义实验结果的分析,确定了汉语句子中末段情态助词“?”的功能:1)语调软化,情境缓和;2)创造更自然、更适合交际情境的交际语气;3)强调说话人的感受和情绪。这些功能在陈述句、祈使句和反问句中都有体现。在通常的疑问句中,小品词对句子的意义影响不大,这可以通过句子的语法化过程来解释。被调查者对感觉和情感的强调功能证实了情态结构可能是汉语末态助词来源的观点
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引用次数: 0
Images of Slavs in Discourse-World of Brexit 话语世界中的斯拉夫人形象——英国脱欧
Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.17516/1997-1370-0741
S. Kushneruk
The paper focuses on the media image construal of the Slavs against the backdrop of the Brexit procedure. The objective of the author is to examine the cognitive-discursive mechanisms of representing the West, East, and South Slav national groups in the British media in the context of Britain’s withdrawal. The author employed the cognitive-discursive analysis, integrating advances of European and Russian linguistics. The term “discourse-world of Brexit” is considered to be a conceptually complex discourse-level structure, serving as a background against which the national images stand out. It is argued that images of the Slavs are organized by frames that enable media managers to negatively or neutrally evaluate members and non-members of the European Union. The media frames structuring the national images are systematized. Examples from the news on the web corpus are used to prove that images of the Slavs are discursively constrained and biased. The results might present interest for further investigation of prejudices in the media
本文关注的是英国脱欧背景下斯拉夫人的媒体形象解读。作者的目的是研究在英国退出的背景下,英国媒体中代表西方、东方和南方斯拉夫民族群体的认知话语机制。作者采用了认知-话语分析的方法,结合了欧洲和俄罗斯语言学的进步。“英国脱欧的话语世界”一词被认为是一个概念复杂的话语层结构,是国家形象脱颖而出的背景。有人认为,斯拉夫人的形象是由框架组织起来的,使媒体经理能够消极或中立地评价欧洲联盟的成员和非成员。构成国家形象的媒介框架是系统化的。从网络语料库的新闻的例子被用来证明斯拉夫人的形象是话语限制和偏见。研究结果可能会对进一步调查媒体中的偏见产生兴趣
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引用次数: 0
The Mythologeme “Coronavirus” in the Modern Mass Media News in Europe and Asia 现代欧亚大众传媒新闻中的“冠状病毒”神话
Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.17516/1997-1370-0742
I. Karabulatova, Margarita D. Lagutkina, S. Amiridou, И.С. Карабулатова, М. Д. Лагуткина, С. Амириду
The article analyzes the impact of nominations in the media discourse on the coronavirus on the public consciousness of Europe and Asia. The authors consider the historical, sociological, and psycholinguistic aspects of the use of names in texts about the coronavirus, identify the features of the impact of such texts on the reader and determine the target orientation of such texts. Hypothesis: names in news reports about coronavirus in modern news discourse in conditions of quarantine and self-isolation act as triggers that unite different strata of society, creating a hologram of a single mental space, actualizing archetypal images of the confrontation between Good and Evil. Particular attention is paid to the connection between ethno-confessional myths and ideas about the coronavirus in the public consciousness, their involvement in information wars. The methodology for the analysis of names is standard; it includes sociolinguistic, structural, and semantic analysis, evaluative, motivational, target analysis, etc. The study helps to understand linguistic universals in the transmission of psycho-emotional moods in a stressful situation in a pandemic. The article will be of interest to specialists in the field of linguistics, sociology, political science, psychology
文章分析了冠状病毒媒体话语中的提名对欧洲和亚洲公众意识的影响。作者考虑了在有关冠状病毒的文本中使用姓名的历史、社会学和心理语言学方面的问题,确定了此类文本对读者的影响特征,并确定了此类文本的目标定位。假设:在隔离和自我隔离条件下的现代新闻话语中,关于冠状病毒的新闻报道中的名字作为触发因素,团结了社会不同阶层,创造了单一心理空间的全息图,实现了善与恶对抗的原型形象。特别关注种族忏悔神话与公众意识中关于冠状病毒的想法之间的联系,以及它们在信息战中的参与。名称分析的方法是标准的;它包括社会语言学分析、结构分析、语义分析、评价分析、动机分析、目标分析等。这项研究有助于理解在大流行的压力情况下心理情绪情绪传递的语言共性。这篇文章将引起语言学、社会学、政治学、心理学等领域的专家的兴趣
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引用次数: 5
A New Approach to Chinese Discourse: Cultural Context 汉语话语研究的新途径:文化语境
Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.17516/1997-1370-0738
I. G. Nagibina, L. V. Kulikova
The article provides a systematic description of the trends in the development of the Chinese discursive and communicative linguistics. Discursive research and its results in the Chinese academic community have their own specifics, which are based on the traditional philosophical and ideological foundation and a unique language picture of the world. The scientific findings explicate culturally determined communicative and discursive conventions of the Chinese social interaction. The aim of the research is to highlight the Chinese cultural discourse studies as a new research tradition in the Chinese linguistics of the modern stage, to expand its methodology, and to construct the discursive space of China as the totality of the dominant cultural and communicative vectors, these vectors being an interpretative tool to help understand and evaluate Chinese discourses
本文系统地描述了汉语话语与交际语言学的发展趋势。中国学术界的话语研究及其成果有其特殊性,这是建立在传统的哲学思想基础和独特的世界语言图景之上的。科学发现阐明了文化决定了中国社会互动的交际和话语习惯。本研究的目的在于突出中国文化话语研究作为现代阶段汉语语言学的一种新的研究传统,拓展其方法论,构建中国话语空间作为占主导地位的文化和交际载体的整体,这些载体是帮助理解和评价中国话语的解释性工具
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Siberian Federal University - Humanities and Social Sciences
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