Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/10841806.2020.1794745
Ryan J. Lofaro, Clifford P. McCue
Abstract Prisons and jails throughout the United States have reduced their populations to prevent the spread of COVID-19. It is posited herein that as a result of the pandemic, criminals have been subcategorized and given preferential treatment based on their degree of deviance. Applying the salient target populations concept, it is argued that public officials have been able to “cherry pick” criminals with a more positive construction—e.g., the nonviolent, the elderly, or those otherwise at risk of death from the virus—while further perpetuating a negative view of those deemed too deviant for benefits—e.g., those accused of violent or sex crimes. This practice has perpetuated social injustices in the criminal justice system by defining individuals by their crimes and withholding protections from the virus as a result. The Los Angeles County jail system is used as an illustrative case study throughout. Implications and avenues for future research are explored.
{"title":"Salient target populations and the subcategorization of deviants in the release of inmates during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Ryan J. Lofaro, Clifford P. McCue","doi":"10.1080/10841806.2020.1794745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10841806.2020.1794745","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Prisons and jails throughout the United States have reduced their populations to prevent the spread of COVID-19. It is posited herein that as a result of the pandemic, criminals have been subcategorized and given preferential treatment based on their degree of deviance. Applying the salient target populations concept, it is argued that public officials have been able to “cherry pick” criminals with a more positive construction—e.g., the nonviolent, the elderly, or those otherwise at risk of death from the virus—while further perpetuating a negative view of those deemed too deviant for benefits—e.g., those accused of violent or sex crimes. This practice has perpetuated social injustices in the criminal justice system by defining individuals by their crimes and withholding protections from the virus as a result. The Los Angeles County jail system is used as an illustrative case study throughout. Implications and avenues for future research are explored.","PeriodicalId":37205,"journal":{"name":"Administrative Theory and Praxis","volume":"42 1","pages":"379 - 393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10841806.2020.1794745","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48334460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-25DOI: 10.1080/10841806.2020.1782128
Katherine J. Roberto, A. Johnson, Beth M. Rauhaus
Abstract In the months since the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has overwhelmed the world, numerous popular press articles have recounted cases of mistreatment toward others rooted in traits associated with the illness. These accounts are the latest repercussion of a long running “otherness” that Western society has attributed to Asian peoples. This article draws on existing theory to better understand how social stigmas and subsequently prejudice may present additional challenges as nations grapple with restrictions on individuals’ movement and move to more normal social interaction. A discussion of COVID-19 in the context of stigmatization, social identity, and social cognition theories offer a means to better understand how those impacted and stereotyped by the virus may also experience negative treatment by others.
{"title":"Stigmatization and prejudice during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Katherine J. Roberto, A. Johnson, Beth M. Rauhaus","doi":"10.1080/10841806.2020.1782128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10841806.2020.1782128","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the months since the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has overwhelmed the world, numerous popular press articles have recounted cases of mistreatment toward others rooted in traits associated with the illness. These accounts are the latest repercussion of a long running “otherness” that Western society has attributed to Asian peoples. This article draws on existing theory to better understand how social stigmas and subsequently prejudice may present additional challenges as nations grapple with restrictions on individuals’ movement and move to more normal social interaction. A discussion of COVID-19 in the context of stigmatization, social identity, and social cognition theories offer a means to better understand how those impacted and stereotyped by the virus may also experience negative treatment by others.","PeriodicalId":37205,"journal":{"name":"Administrative Theory and Praxis","volume":"42 1","pages":"364 - 378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10841806.2020.1782128","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47006850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-25DOI: 10.1080/10841806.2020.1782137
A. Pors, Jannick Schou
Abstract Information and communication technology (ICT) has become increasingly important in public administration and street-level bureaucracy. As digital platforms replace traditional forms of contact between state and citizens, new professional dilemmas and tensions emerge. This article presents an ethnographic study of such tensions by focusing on citizen service centers in Denmark. Drawing on recent literature on moral agency, the analysis showcases how digital reforms have implied the construction of new moral economies and negotiations. In particular, the article foregrounds the moral dilemmas faced by frontline workers who are increasingly made responsible for creating self-serving digital citizens. We argue that frontline workers become moral meditators, tasked with interfacing between the individual needs of citizens and the demands of policymakers. Highlighting the complexity of these moral struggles, the article challenges ideas of digitalization as an easy and neutral fix. Instead, the analysis foregrounds the merging of political, professional and personal struggles that are currently being formed at the frontline of the digital welfare state.
{"title":"Street-level morality at the digital frontlines: An ethnographic study of moral mediation in welfare work","authors":"A. Pors, Jannick Schou","doi":"10.1080/10841806.2020.1782137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10841806.2020.1782137","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Information and communication technology (ICT) has become increasingly important in public administration and street-level bureaucracy. As digital platforms replace traditional forms of contact between state and citizens, new professional dilemmas and tensions emerge. This article presents an ethnographic study of such tensions by focusing on citizen service centers in Denmark. Drawing on recent literature on moral agency, the analysis showcases how digital reforms have implied the construction of new moral economies and negotiations. In particular, the article foregrounds the moral dilemmas faced by frontline workers who are increasingly made responsible for creating self-serving digital citizens. We argue that frontline workers become moral meditators, tasked with interfacing between the individual needs of citizens and the demands of policymakers. Highlighting the complexity of these moral struggles, the article challenges ideas of digitalization as an easy and neutral fix. Instead, the analysis foregrounds the merging of political, professional and personal struggles that are currently being formed at the frontline of the digital welfare state.","PeriodicalId":37205,"journal":{"name":"Administrative Theory and Praxis","volume":"43 1","pages":"154 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10841806.2020.1782137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42264178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-25DOI: 10.1080/10841806.2020.1782112
Alessandro Braga
{"title":"Disruptive Democracy: The Clash Between Techno-Populism and Techno-Democracy","authors":"Alessandro Braga","doi":"10.1080/10841806.2020.1782112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10841806.2020.1782112","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37205,"journal":{"name":"Administrative Theory and Praxis","volume":"43 1","pages":"258 - 260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10841806.2020.1782112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44074889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-13DOI: 10.1080/10841806.2020.1771907
Bob Blankenberger, Adam M. Williams
Abstract In this article, we discuss the impact of COVID-19 on higher education using Gaus’s ecological approach. We open by exploring the higher education market and accountability environment into which the COVID catastrophe was introduced. We follow with brief discussions of the impacts of COVID on Gaus’s ecological elements of people, place, physical and social technologies and how the system will adjust in areas such as budgets, recruiting, accreditation, and program delivery. Ultimately, we contend that institutional integrity and accountability and the importance of recognizing the role higher education plays in advancing social equity will be key for postsecondary institutions in the COVID era and post-COVID recovery.
{"title":"COVID and the impact on higher education: The essential role of integrity and accountability","authors":"Bob Blankenberger, Adam M. Williams","doi":"10.1080/10841806.2020.1771907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10841806.2020.1771907","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this article, we discuss the impact of COVID-19 on higher education using Gaus’s ecological approach. We open by exploring the higher education market and accountability environment into which the COVID catastrophe was introduced. We follow with brief discussions of the impacts of COVID on Gaus’s ecological elements of people, place, physical and social technologies and how the system will adjust in areas such as budgets, recruiting, accreditation, and program delivery. Ultimately, we contend that institutional integrity and accountability and the importance of recognizing the role higher education plays in advancing social equity will be key for postsecondary institutions in the COVID era and post-COVID recovery.","PeriodicalId":37205,"journal":{"name":"Administrative Theory and Praxis","volume":"42 1","pages":"404 - 423"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10841806.2020.1771907","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45722062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-08DOI: 10.1080/10841806.2020.1771906
R. Alcadipani, Sandro Cabral, A. Fernandes, G. Lotta
Abstract The COVID-19 poses unprecedented challenges for Street Level Bureaucrats (SLB). Whereas there are discussions about the pandemic impacts on health care workers, less is known about how it affects police officer’s responses. Drawing upon an inductive qualitative research that follows the ethnographic sensibility inspired approach on a major Brazilian police force, we argue that conflicts concerning political, occupational culture, and material dimensions can negatively affect police officers’ responses in financially and institutionally constrained settings. By unveiling how the identified conflicts can jeopardize the efforts to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and suggesting that the usual discretion of street-level bureaucrats can be both a blessing and a curse, our work informs existing SLB literature and sheds light on practical issues that police officers in constrained settings face when dealing with the pandemic.
{"title":"Street-level bureaucrats under COVID-19: Police officers’ responses in constrained settings","authors":"R. Alcadipani, Sandro Cabral, A. Fernandes, G. Lotta","doi":"10.1080/10841806.2020.1771906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10841806.2020.1771906","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The COVID-19 poses unprecedented challenges for Street Level Bureaucrats (SLB). Whereas there are discussions about the pandemic impacts on health care workers, less is known about how it affects police officer’s responses. Drawing upon an inductive qualitative research that follows the ethnographic sensibility inspired approach on a major Brazilian police force, we argue that conflicts concerning political, occupational culture, and material dimensions can negatively affect police officers’ responses in financially and institutionally constrained settings. By unveiling how the identified conflicts can jeopardize the efforts to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and suggesting that the usual discretion of street-level bureaucrats can be both a blessing and a curse, our work informs existing SLB literature and sheds light on practical issues that police officers in constrained settings face when dealing with the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":37205,"journal":{"name":"Administrative Theory and Praxis","volume":"42 1","pages":"394 - 403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10841806.2020.1771906","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47042411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-04DOI: 10.1080/10841806.2020.1771905
Amanda D. Clark, Ashley E. Nickels
Abstract Even amid a global pandemic, the ideologies, thought processes, and motivations of public actors can be explained through theory, particularly framing. We argue that the words and symbols used or not used are vitally important to shaping how the public understands, responds to, and navigates our new normal. Moreover, this framing shapes our collective understanding of who or what is valued. We posit that austerity politics at all levels of government has not only helped to create a patchwork system of crisis response, but also explains the variation in framing of the pandemic response as tradeoffs among competing values (e.g., equity versus economy; us versus other; health versus business). The success or failure of these frames can lead to an environment in which administrative evil flourishes.
{"title":"Doubling down on austerity: Framing and coronavirus response","authors":"Amanda D. Clark, Ashley E. Nickels","doi":"10.1080/10841806.2020.1771905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10841806.2020.1771905","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Even amid a global pandemic, the ideologies, thought processes, and motivations of public actors can be explained through theory, particularly framing. We argue that the words and symbols used or not used are vitally important to shaping how the public understands, responds to, and navigates our new normal. Moreover, this framing shapes our collective understanding of who or what is valued. We posit that austerity politics at all levels of government has not only helped to create a patchwork system of crisis response, but also explains the variation in framing of the pandemic response as tradeoffs among competing values (e.g., equity versus economy; us versus other; health versus business). The success or failure of these frames can lead to an environment in which administrative evil flourishes.","PeriodicalId":37205,"journal":{"name":"Administrative Theory and Praxis","volume":"43 1","pages":"209 - 216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10841806.2020.1771905","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43002178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-14DOI: 10.1080/10841806.2020.1765288
Neil M. Boyd, Eric C. Martin
Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has made it clear that a sense of community responsibility is crucial to mitigate the effects of viral spread. Many citizens across the world have heeded the call to isolate and self-distance, yet large numbers of individuals do not seem to understand their responsibility for others. This article explores how a sense of community responsibility is born in community contexts, how various features of a crisis impact community responsibility, and how public administration plays a crucial role in facilitating mitigation and solutions to crisis. The article also explores the utility of the Community Experience Model in crisis management contexts, and sets the stage for further exploration of community experiences in disaster and crisis scholarship and practice.
{"title":"Sense of community responsibility at the forefront of crisis management","authors":"Neil M. Boyd, Eric C. Martin","doi":"10.1080/10841806.2020.1765288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10841806.2020.1765288","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has made it clear that a sense of community responsibility is crucial to mitigate the effects of viral spread. Many citizens across the world have heeded the call to isolate and self-distance, yet large numbers of individuals do not seem to understand their responsibility for others. This article explores how a sense of community responsibility is born in community contexts, how various features of a crisis impact community responsibility, and how public administration plays a crucial role in facilitating mitigation and solutions to crisis. The article also explores the utility of the Community Experience Model in crisis management contexts, and sets the stage for further exploration of community experiences in disaster and crisis scholarship and practice.","PeriodicalId":37205,"journal":{"name":"Administrative Theory and Praxis","volume":"44 1","pages":"71 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10841806.2020.1765288","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42614221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-29DOI: 10.1080/10841806.2020.1757313
Seth J. Meyer
Abstract What influences the organizational identification of volunteers and employees within multisite nonprofit organizations? Specifically, is identification focused on the central office, affiliate office, or both? This study questions the self-assessed identification of those in affiliate offices over multiple levels, along with how variables such as distance, perceived organizational support, and competition impact these relationships. Based on a survey of 72 individuals, the findings show that those with a higher level of organizational identification with the affiliate office will also have a higher organizational identification with the central office. This identification could be because multiple levels of identification influence each other.
{"title":"Dual organizational identification within multisite nonprofit organizations","authors":"Seth J. Meyer","doi":"10.1080/10841806.2020.1757313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10841806.2020.1757313","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract What influences the organizational identification of volunteers and employees within multisite nonprofit organizations? Specifically, is identification focused on the central office, affiliate office, or both? This study questions the self-assessed identification of those in affiliate offices over multiple levels, along with how variables such as distance, perceived organizational support, and competition impact these relationships. Based on a survey of 72 individuals, the findings show that those with a higher level of organizational identification with the affiliate office will also have a higher organizational identification with the central office. This identification could be because multiple levels of identification influence each other.","PeriodicalId":37205,"journal":{"name":"Administrative Theory and Praxis","volume":"43 1","pages":"281 - 301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10841806.2020.1757313","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46629121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-10DOI: 10.1080/10841806.2020.1750210
Gregory Peterson
Abstract Fifty years ago and still relevant today, C.P. Snow argued that the university is divided into two cultures, with humanities on the one side and the sciences on the other. This paper proposes a model of mutuality to overcome this ongoing divide as applied specifically to political philosophy and its cognate scientific disciplines of political science and political psychology. On the model of mutuality, not only can political philosophy inform theorizing and hypothesis-formation in political science and psychology, the latter fields also serve as data for political philosophy. More importantly, collaboration between philosophers and scientists can inform a conceptual dialectic that significantly benefits both areas of inquiry. The second half of the paper develops the example of democratic virtues as a case study. Capitalizing on existing work in philosophical virtue theory and related areas of psychology, I propose that the topic of democratic and not merely civic virtues is a novel area of inquiry that would profit from mutual engagement between political philosophers and political scientists and psychologists.
{"title":"Beyond the two cultures: Democratic virtues and the case for a model of mutuality","authors":"Gregory Peterson","doi":"10.1080/10841806.2020.1750210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10841806.2020.1750210","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fifty years ago and still relevant today, C.P. Snow argued that the university is divided into two cultures, with humanities on the one side and the sciences on the other. This paper proposes a model of mutuality to overcome this ongoing divide as applied specifically to political philosophy and its cognate scientific disciplines of political science and political psychology. On the model of mutuality, not only can political philosophy inform theorizing and hypothesis-formation in political science and psychology, the latter fields also serve as data for political philosophy. More importantly, collaboration between philosophers and scientists can inform a conceptual dialectic that significantly benefits both areas of inquiry. The second half of the paper develops the example of democratic virtues as a case study. Capitalizing on existing work in philosophical virtue theory and related areas of psychology, I propose that the topic of democratic and not merely civic virtues is a novel area of inquiry that would profit from mutual engagement between political philosophers and political scientists and psychologists.","PeriodicalId":37205,"journal":{"name":"Administrative Theory and Praxis","volume":"42 1","pages":"279 - 298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10841806.2020.1750210","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46618594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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