Journal of Space Safety Engineering最新文献

英文中文

THE IAC 2026 ANTALYA 2026年安塔利亚世界杯

IF 1.7 Q3 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Journal of Space Safety Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2468-8967(25)00145-4

引用次数: 0

14th IAASS Conference 第十四届IAASS大会

IF 1.7 Q3 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Journal of Space Safety Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2468-8967(25)00146-6

引用次数: 0

Mission to Mars: How apheresis can solve space hematology challenges 火星任务：血液分离如何解决太空血液学挑战

IF 1.7 Q3 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Journal of Space Safety Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsse.2025.10.010

Yamac Akgun

引用次数: 0

Aerodynamic performance of nose cone geometries in hypersonic flow conditions 高超声速流动条件下鼻锥几何形状的气动性能

IF 1.7 Q3 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Journal of Space Safety Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsse.2025.08.004

Ashish Narayan , Bhupal Kumar , Bimal Kumar

Present investigation is the contrasts between spherically blunted and elliptical nose cones with Mach 5.8 in zero angle of attack conditions. This study aims to determine the most effective shape and parameters for reducing aerodynamic characteristics. Result shows that across aspect ratios from 1.2 to 4.1, the drag coefficient is larger for the blunted nose cone than for the elliptical nose cone. The inflow and shock development close to the nose region of blunted and elliptical nose cones for different fineness ratios are analysed. This sheds light on how they affect aerodynamic properties. The flow directions and recirculation zones near to the nose and base of the nose cone are represented by velocity vectors. The shock characteristics in front of various nose cone shapes are depicted by Mach number contours. The structural analysis is performed for safety by design for the failure mode with the elliptical nose cone at fitness ratio 3.6, in this case the factor of safety is found to be 8. The empirical correlation for the total drag coefficient is developed by considering the maximum pressure coefficient and fineness ratio. Results show that, at any fineness ratio, aerodynamic heating is reduced for the elliptical nose cone in comparison to the spherically blunted nose cone. As a result, the study confirms that elliptical nose cones, within the fineness ratio range of 1.2 to 4.1, are more advantageous than spherically blunted ones in reducing drag and heating in high Mach number vehicles.

本文研究了在零攻角条件下，5.8马赫的球形钝锥和椭圆形锥的对比。这项研究的目的是确定最有效的形状和参数，以减少气动特性。结果表明，在宽高比为1.2 ~ 4.1范围内，钝型鼻锥的阻力系数大于椭圆型鼻锥。分析了不同细度比下钝锥和椭圆锥鼻部附近的流入和激波发展情况。这揭示了它们是如何影响空气动力学特性的。靠近机头和机头锥底部的流动方向和再循环区域用速度矢量表示。用马赫数等高线表示不同形状的前锥体的激波特性。在适合度为3.6的情况下，对椭圆鼻锥的失效模式进行了结构安全设计分析，其安全系数为8。考虑最大压力系数和细度比，建立了总阻力系数的经验关联关系。结果表明，在任何细度比下，椭圆型鼻锥的气动热都比球形钝化鼻锥的气动热降低。因此，研究证实，在细度比为1.2 ~ 4.1的范围内，椭圆型鼻锥在降低高马赫数飞行器的阻力和加热方面比球形钝化鼻锥更有利。

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引用次数: 0

Autonomous navigation and control strategy for deorbiting of satellites with unknown orbital parameters 轨道参数未知卫星离轨自主导航与控制策略

IF 1.7 Q3 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Journal of Space Safety Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsse.2025.09.008

Alina Toidjanov, Sajad Saraygord Afshari, Philip Ferguson

The recent shift from a 25-year to a 5-year deorbit requirement underscores the urgent need for more robust, flexible satellite disposal methods. In this work, we present an autonomous, self-contained guidance and control approach that uses only a magnetometer, sun sensor, and gyroscope to determine orbital parameters and execute a propellant-efficient deorbit. By blending Particle Swarm Optimization and Power Spectral Density analysis, the proposed method accurately refines unknown orbital parameters without recourse to high-end sensors or external tracking. Simulation results conducted on multiple orbits—from 400 km (ISS altitude) up to 650 km Sun-synchronous trajectories–demonstrate consistent convergence within a defined cost threshold, ensuring reliable five-year compliance. This integrated architecture minimizes mass and power overhead, making it well-suited for budget-conscious CubeSats and other small missions. Moreover, by automating both orbit determination and continuous thruster control within a single compact framework, the solution bridges the gap between academic innovation and immediate industry demands for safe, cost-effective end-of-life satellite disposal. The presented work substantially enhances existing deorbiting paradigms by offering a feasible, low-complexity route to sustainable space operations under increasingly stringent regulatory requirements.

最近从25年到5年的脱轨要求的转变强调了对更强大、更灵活的卫星处置方法的迫切需要。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种自主的、自包含的制导和控制方法，该方法仅使用磁力计、太阳传感器和陀螺仪来确定轨道参数并执行推进剂有效的脱轨。该方法将粒子群算法与功率谱密度分析相结合，在不依赖高端传感器和外部跟踪的情况下精确地细化未知轨道参数。在多个轨道（从400公里（国际空间站高度）到650公里太阳同步轨道）上进行的模拟结果表明，在确定的成本阈值内，一致性收敛，确保可靠的五年合规。这种集成架构最大限度地减少了质量和功率开销，使其非常适合预算紧张的立方体卫星和其他小型任务。此外，通过在单一紧凑的框架内实现轨道确定和连续推进器控制的自动化，该解决方案弥合了学术创新与行业对安全、经济高效的卫星报废处置的直接需求之间的差距。所提出的工作通过提供在日益严格的监管要求下实现可持续空间业务的可行、低复杂性途径，大大增强了现有的脱离轨道范例。

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引用次数: 0

A prototype GPS transponder for space traffic coordination 用于空间交通协调的GPS应答器原型

IF 1.7 Q3 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Journal of Space Safety Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsse.2025.10.005

Andrew Abraham, David Hinkley, Brian Hardy, Eamonn Moyer, Andrew Goodyear

The space environment is rapidly changing. The advent of large constellations, multisatellite deployments, the “democratization” of space, low-thrust autonomous operations, and increased launch traffic has dramatically altered the composition of the space environment. Despite these changes, the modus operandi with which Space Situational Awareness (SSA) and Space Traffic Management (STM) have been conducted remains largely unchanged since the late 1960′s. Indeed, several analysts’ direct experience with the limitations of traditional SSA data (such as cadence, accuracy, identity, and so on) motivated The Aerospace Corporation (Aerospace) to conceive of a method to modernize the fundamental backbone of space tracking technology. Drawing inspiration from the aviation (ADS-B) and maritime (AIS) domains, Aerospace elected to prototype a similar approach to determine feasibility and value. This prototype became known as Blinker. This paper documents the cradle-to-grave development of the Blinker prototype. Topics include: concept development, design, construction, testing, on-orbit demonstration, demise, and suggestions for future work.

空间环境正在迅速变化。大星座、多卫星部署、空间“民主化”、低推力自主操作和发射流量增加的出现，极大地改变了空间环境的构成。尽管有这些变化，空间态势感知（SSA）和空间交通管理（STM）的操作方式自20世纪60年代末以来基本保持不变。实际上，一些分析人员对传统SSA数据的局限性（如节奏、准确性、身份等）的直接经验促使航空航天公司（Aerospace Corporation）构思一种方法，使空间跟踪技术的基本支柱现代化。从航空（ADS-B）和海事（AIS）领域汲取灵感，Aerospace选择了类似方法的原型，以确定可行性和价值。这个原型被称为Blinker。本文记录了Blinker原型从摇篮到坟墓的发展过程。主题包括：概念发展、设计、建造、测试、在轨演示、消亡以及对未来工作的建议。

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引用次数: 0

Cosmic radiation and airline passengers: Sources, exposure levels, health risks, and protective measures - A review 宇宙辐射与航空公司乘客：来源、暴露水平、健康风险和防护措施综述

IF 1.7 Q3 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Journal of Space Safety Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsse.2025.10.001

Grigore Cican , Valentin Silivestru

Modern aviation enables rapid travel over long distances, but it also comes with invisible risks such as exposure to cosmic radiation. This type of radiation consists of high-energy particles originating from space, including protons, heavy nuclei, and secondary particles produced through interactions with the Earth's atmosphere. At high altitudes, atmospheric protection decreases, meaning that flight crews and passengers are exposed to higher doses of ionizing radiation. This study examines the main sources of cosmic radiation, the factors influencing exposure (altitude, latitude, flight duration, and solar activity), and the potential health risks, such as cancer development, DNA damage, and effects on pregnancy. Regulatory and protective measures implemented by authorities such as the FAA and EASA are also discussed. The conclusion highlights that although the risks for occasional passengers are minimal, careful monitoring and ongoing research are essential to ensure the safety of flight crew members.

现代航空使长途快速旅行成为可能，但它也带来了无形的风险，比如暴露在宇宙辐射中。这种类型的辐射由来自太空的高能粒子组成，包括质子、重核和通过与地球大气相互作用产生的次级粒子。在高海拔地区，大气保护减弱，这意味着机组人员和乘客暴露在更高剂量的电离辐射下。这项研究考察了宇宙辐射的主要来源、影响暴露的因素（海拔、纬度、飞行时间和太阳活动），以及潜在的健康风险，如癌症发展、DNA损伤和对怀孕的影响。还讨论了FAA和EASA等当局实施的监管和保护措施。结论强调，虽然偶尔乘客的风险很小，但仔细监测和持续研究对于确保机组人员的安全至关重要。

引用次数: 0

Ensuring safe and efficient GEO satellite longitude transitions 确保地球同步轨道卫星经度转换安全高效

IF 1.7 Q3 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Journal of Space Safety Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsse.2025.08.007

Umit Cezmi Yilmaz

A GEO satellite may occasionally need to change its operational longitude, a process known as "relocation," to meet commercial or regulatory demands. Although such relocations are rare, they require meticulous planning and precise execution to ensure success. Due to the complexity and sensitivity of this task, effective coordination and precise execution are required throughout the planning and operational phases. This paper examines the critical factors involved in planning a secure relocation, with a focus on achieving the optimal balance between eccentricity and drift rate to accomplish the intended objectives. Additionally, the paper proposes guidance to support the successful execution of such operations.

地球同步轨道卫星可能偶尔需要改变其运行经度，这一过程被称为“重新定位”，以满足商业或监管要求。虽然这样的搬迁是罕见的，他们需要细致的计划和精确的执行，以确保成功。由于这项任务的复杂性和敏感性，在整个规划和行动阶段都需要有效的协调和精确的执行。本文探讨了安全搬迁计划中涉及的关键因素，重点是实现偏心率和漂移率之间的最佳平衡，以实现预期目标。此外，该文件还提出了支持此类操作成功执行的指导。

引用次数: 0

Determining the accuracy and repeatability of the solid propellant motor burning rate extraction methods using laboratory static tests in two scales to increase the safety of motor operation 用两个尺度的实验室静态试验确定固体推进剂发动机燃速提取方法的准确性和可重复性，以提高发动机运行的安全性

IF 1.7 Q3 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Journal of Space Safety Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsse.2025.05.003

Mohammad Reza Ghelichkhani , Ali Reza Mohammadi , Mohammad Mahdi Heydari

In the solid propellant motor, it is vital to specify the maximum burning rate of the propellant and consequently, the motor’s maximum pressure to increase safety in the operation of spacecraft and space thrusters. The burning time extraction method is the most effective parameter in determining the burning rate. The Quality statistical methods for comparing the burning time extraction methods were used because the burning rate was not known before the test. In this research, after selecting the widely used methods in the world's aerospace industries and preparing the software code by performing 26 small-scale static tests, the repeatability of the methods has been extracted, and then in the next step, for the first time, an innovative method to determine the accuracy of burning rate extraction methods was implemented. By designing the motor on a larger scale and performing 10 static tests, Vieille's law coefficient and power were extracted and given as input to a motor gas-dynamics simulation code. Due to the existence of static tests, it is possible to consider the accuracy of the methods in measuring the burning time and, consequently, the average pressure. The statistical results of the smaller motor show that the iterative burning time methods have similar behaviour and the Hessler-Glick and mass balance methods have the lowest coefficient of variation similar to the results of other references. Meanwhile, the reproducibility of the tangential method that is still used is very low. In the investigation of the accuracy in the static tests with different pressures in the larger scale motor, it has been determined that the most repeatable method is not necessarily the most accurate. Also, a difference of about 5 % in Vieille's law coefficient as the input gas-dynamics code parameters can increase the average calculated pressure error from 1 % to 10 %.

在固体推进剂发动机中，确定推进剂的最大燃烧速率，从而确定发动机的最大压力，对提高航天器和空间推进器运行的安全性至关重要。燃烧时间提取法是测定燃烧速率最有效的参数。由于在试验前不知道燃烧速率，因此使用质量统计方法来比较燃烧时间提取方法。在本研究中，选取了世界航空航天工业中广泛使用的方法，并通过26次小规模静态试验编制了软件代码，提取了方法的可重复性，然后在下一步中，首次实现了确定燃烧速率提取方法准确性的创新方法。通过对电机进行大规模设计和10次静态试验，提取了Vieille定律系数和功率，并将其作为输入输入到电机气体动力学仿真代码中。由于存在静态试验，因此可以考虑测量燃烧时间和平均压力的方法的准确性。较小电机的统计结果表明，迭代燃烧时间法具有相似的行为，Hessler-Glick法和质量平衡法的变异系数最低，与其他参考文献的结果相似。同时，目前仍在使用的切向法的重现性很低。在对大型电机不同压力静态试验精度的研究中，已经确定重复性最高的方法不一定是最准确的。此外，输入气体动力学代码参数的Vieille’s law系数相差约5%，可使平均计算压力误差从1%增加到10%。

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引用次数: 0

Universal safety standards as a foundation of national and European space laws 作为国家和欧洲空间法基础的普遍安全标准

IF 1.7 Q3 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Journal of Space Safety Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsse.2025.06.002

Katarzyna Malinowska

The primary objective of this paper is to underscore the paramount importance of universal technical safety standards as a cornerstone of space law, consistent with the imperatives of safety and sustainability. The absence of such standards has already had detrimental effects, as evidenced by cases of forum shopping by certain space operators. Consequently, coherent technical safety standards should be universally applicable, transcending the distinction between civil and military operations in the field of space activities.

Universal safety standards should be promoted, maintained and adapted by a globally recognised body such as ICAO. This is in line with the postulates of the working group that drafted the "Montreal Recommendations on Aviation Safety and Uncontrolled Space Object Re-entries" (published by OSI, Canada). Such an approach has obvious advantages in terms of strengthening the risk management culture within the space industry and the whole space ecosystem, such as the financing and insurance of space activities. It also coincides with the visible shift from the purely compensatory approach of space law (whose regime was only triggered once) to a preventive paradigm, as demonstrated by the US government's decision to fine the operator of the EchoStar-7 satellite for failing to comply with safety standards for the de-orbiting mechanism.

In conclusion, this paper seeks to highlight the importance of technical safety standards in regulating space activities in three dimensions: (1) substantive global coherence, (2) applicability to all categories of space activities, and (3) underpinning by a multi-level governance framework.

本文件的主要目标是强调普遍技术安全标准作为空间法的基石的极端重要性，这符合安全和可持续性的要求。缺乏这种标准已经产生了有害的影响，某些空间运营者购买论坛的事例就证明了这一点。因此，连贯的技术安全标准应普遍适用，超越空间活动领域中民用和军事行动的区别。国际民航组织等全球公认的机构应促进、维护和调整通用安全标准。这符合起草“关于航空安全和不受控制的空间物体再入的蒙特利尔建议”（加拿大OSI出版）的工作组的假设。这种做法在加强空间工业和整个空间生态系统内的风险管理文化方面具有明显的优势，例如空间活动的筹资和保险。这也与空间法的纯粹补偿性方法（其制度只触发过一次）向预防性范式的明显转变相吻合，正如美国政府决定对EchoStar-7卫星的运营商罚款，因为它未能遵守离轨机制的安全标准所证明的那样。最后，本文试图从三个方面强调技术安全标准在规范空间活动方面的重要性：(1)实质性的全球一致性，(2)对所有类别空间活动的适用性，以及(3)以多层次治理框架为基础。

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