Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jsse.2025.04.004
Ryung Lee , Joshua Ong , Ethan Waisberg , Stacey L. Fanning , Andrew G. Lee
There is a notably higher prevalence of dry eye syndrome and dry eye-related symptoms among astronauts during and after spaceflight aboard the International Space Station and space shuttle missions. This unique phenomenon is termed Spaceflight-associated dry eye syndrome (SADES). With plans for returning to the moon and manned missions to Mars, all potential threats to astronauts well-being and health, such as SADES, should be accounted for. Herein, we describe SADES, provide a rationale for its occurrence, and connect it to the increased risk of microbial keratitis.
{"title":"Spaceflight associated dry eye syndrome (SADES): Outflow biophysics and infection risk","authors":"Ryung Lee , Joshua Ong , Ethan Waisberg , Stacey L. Fanning , Andrew G. Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jsse.2025.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsse.2025.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is a notably higher prevalence of dry eye syndrome and dry eye-related symptoms among astronauts during and after spaceflight aboard the International Space Station and space shuttle missions. This unique phenomenon is termed Spaceflight-associated dry eye syndrome (SADES). With plans for returning to the moon and manned missions to Mars, all potential threats to astronauts well-being and health, such as SADES, should be accounted for. Herein, we describe SADES, provide a rationale for its occurrence, and connect it to the increased risk of microbial keratitis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Space Safety Engineering","volume":"12 2","pages":"Pages 377-380"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/S2468-8967(25)00065-5
{"title":"Front cover with vol. no. and issue","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2468-8967(25)00065-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2468-8967(25)00065-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Space Safety Engineering","volume":"12 2","pages":"Page CO1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jsse.2025.03.006
Paul D. Wilde
The nexus between aviation safety and space operations has emerged as a controversial topic in the public's eye and a serious matter for space safety professionals. Media reports have drawn the public's attention to events including the closing of European airspace because of the re-entry of a Chinese upper-stage that later impacted the Indian Ocean. A recent FAA report to Congress indicated that "the probability of an aircraft downing accident in 2035 would be 0.0007 per year," based on an analysis by the Aerospace Corporation that accounted for the projected growth in global aircraft traffic and the number of on-orbit objects. SpaceX publicly objected because their analysis indicates that Starlink satellites completely burn up on re-entry. However, evidence from recent events proves that the analyzes used to predict the demise of Starlink, the Dragon trunk, and an ISS battery pallet are prone to underestimate the debris that survives re-entry as explained in Section 2.2. A FAA study of the Columbia accident used data on the actual commercial aircraft trajectories and found that the highest conditional probability of impact to any individual aircraft (given the break-up event occurred when and where it occurred) was between 1 in 1000 and 1 in 100, depending on how many fragments survived to aircraft altitudes but were unrecovered. This paper avoids the controversies by explaining what is currently done to protect aircraft from potential impacts by space debris during launch and re-entry. This paper will describe, in the simplest terms possible, the pillars of aircraft protection measures employed by the FAA during launch and re-entry, and answer several key questions:
How does the FAA establish how safe is safe enough for aircraft that are potentially threatened by a collision with space vehicle debris?
How does the FAA establish the regions of airspace that are closed or notified to ensure safety during US launch, re-entry, and disposal operations?
What is done to alert aircraft to debris hazards from unplanned or uncontrolled space debris (including natural debris such as meteoroids)?
Are the current best practices enough to sustain today's high level of aircraft safety given the potential threats from the lifecycle of large LEO constellations, including all the launches needed to deploy them, or should we be working together to develop more advanced methods?
{"title":"Aircraft safety and space vehicle hazards: How safe from space debris hazards will your future flights be?","authors":"Paul D. Wilde","doi":"10.1016/j.jsse.2025.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsse.2025.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The nexus between aviation safety and space operations has emerged as a controversial topic in the public's eye and a serious matter for space safety professionals. Media reports have drawn the public's attention to events including the closing of European airspace because of the re-entry of a Chinese upper-stage that later impacted the Indian Ocean. A recent FAA report to Congress indicated that \"the probability of an aircraft downing accident in 2035 would be 0.0007 per year,\" based on an analysis by the Aerospace Corporation that accounted for the projected growth in global aircraft traffic and the number of on-orbit objects. SpaceX publicly objected because their analysis indicates that Starlink satellites completely burn up on re-entry. However, evidence from recent events proves that the analyzes used to predict the demise of Starlink, the Dragon trunk, and an ISS battery pallet are prone to underestimate the debris that survives re-entry as explained in Section 2.2. A FAA study of the <em>Columbia</em> accident used data on the actual commercial aircraft trajectories and found that the highest conditional probability of impact to any individual aircraft (given the break-up event occurred when and where it occurred) was between 1 in 1000 and 1 in 100, depending on how many fragments survived to aircraft altitudes but were unrecovered. This paper avoids the controversies by explaining what is currently done to protect aircraft from potential impacts by space debris during launch and re-entry. This paper will describe, in the simplest terms possible, the pillars of aircraft protection measures employed by the FAA during launch and re-entry, and answer several key questions:</div><div>How does the FAA establish how safe is safe enough for aircraft that are potentially threatened by a collision with space vehicle debris?</div><div>How does the FAA establish the regions of airspace that are closed or notified to ensure safety during US launch, re-entry, and disposal operations?</div><div>What is done to alert aircraft to debris hazards from unplanned or uncontrolled space debris (including natural debris such as meteoroids)?</div><div>Are the current best practices enough to sustain today's high level of aircraft safety given the potential threats from the lifecycle of large LEO constellations, including all the launches needed to deploy them, or should we be working together to develop more advanced methods?</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Space Safety Engineering","volume":"12 2","pages":"Pages 299-311"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the interoperability standard requirements for international lunar search and rescue (SAR), namely the standardized fields or projects that should be carried out to achieve the objectives of international lunar SAR. First, this paper introduces the background of international lunar SAR, and discusses the irreplaceable role of standards in international cooperation on lunar activities. Next, it briefly investigates the unexpected life-threatening scenarios that astronauts may encounter during lunar exploration activities. For major distress scenarios, the strategies for emergency SAR are tentatively analyzed. Based on this research, the paper partially summarizes the international standards related to space SAR. Adhering to the principle of “common use” and considering factors such as long-term sustainability, the interoperability standard requirements for joint implementation of lunar SAR by astronauts from different countries, such as common base standards and interface protocol standards, have been studied. Subsequently, the paper outlines specific standard requirements for international lunar SAR interoperability, including their names and core contents. Finally, it proposes key standards that should be prioritized for development. It also discusses the channels for formulating these standards, providing a reference for future work.
{"title":"Study on requirements for international lunar search and rescue interoperability standards","authors":"Ningkang Zhang, Haofang Quan, Xiaolong Li, Liming Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.jsse.2025.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsse.2025.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the interoperability standard requirements for international lunar search and rescue (SAR), namely the standardized fields or projects that should be carried out to achieve the objectives of international lunar SAR. First, this paper introduces the background of international lunar SAR, and discusses the irreplaceable role of standards in international cooperation on lunar activities. Next, it briefly investigates the unexpected life-threatening scenarios that astronauts may encounter during lunar exploration activities. For major distress scenarios, the strategies for emergency SAR are tentatively analyzed. Based on this research, the paper partially summarizes the international standards related to space SAR. Adhering to the principle of “common use” and considering factors such as long-term sustainability, the interoperability standard requirements for joint implementation of lunar SAR by astronauts from different countries, such as common base standards and interface protocol standards, have been studied. Subsequently, the paper outlines specific standard requirements for international lunar SAR interoperability, including their names and core contents. Finally, it proposes key standards that should be prioritized for development. It also discusses the channels for formulating these standards, providing a reference for future work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Space Safety Engineering","volume":"12 2","pages":"Pages 247-252"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jsse.2024.11.003
Valeriy Trushlyakov, Vladislav Urbansky
The concept, schematic solution, and methodology for liquid residue passivation using additional acoustic impact based on a gas jet emitter when introducing gas into a closed vessel (CV) containing liquid residue have been developed. A methodology for numerical modeling of the process of liquid droplet entrainment from the CV using the Ansys Fluent software package has been developed, based on gas supply into the tank. The method consists of two interrelated physical-mathematical models (PMM): 1) PMM of gas introduction into CV taking into account additional acoustic impact and creation of two-phase flow structure with subsequent entrainment of liquid droplets through the drain valve into the environment; 2) PMM of acoustic cavitation occurrence in the liquid volume taking into account the assessment of vapor occurrence inside the liquid with subsequent use of these results as initial conditions in PMM on formation of two-phase gas flow. The influence of additional acoustic impact during gas introduction into the CV on the ejection of liquid residue was evaluated. The results showed that accounting for acoustic cavitation increases the entrainment of liquid droplets by approximately 40 %.
{"title":"Investigation of acoustic effect on liquid residue ejection from the closed vessel with a drain valve","authors":"Valeriy Trushlyakov, Vladislav Urbansky","doi":"10.1016/j.jsse.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsse.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The concept, schematic solution, and methodology for liquid residue passivation using additional acoustic impact based on a gas jet emitter when introducing gas into a closed vessel (CV) containing liquid residue have been developed. A methodology for numerical modeling of the process of liquid droplet entrainment from the CV using the Ansys Fluent software package has been developed, based on gas supply into the tank. The method consists of two interrelated physical-mathematical models (PMM): 1) PMM of gas introduction into CV taking into account additional acoustic impact and creation of two-phase flow structure with subsequent entrainment of liquid droplets through the drain valve into the environment; 2) PMM of acoustic cavitation occurrence in the liquid volume taking into account the assessment of vapor occurrence inside the liquid with subsequent use of these results as initial conditions in PMM on formation of two-phase gas flow. The influence of additional acoustic impact during gas introduction into the CV on the ejection of liquid residue was evaluated. The results showed that accounting for acoustic cavitation increases the entrainment of liquid droplets by approximately 40 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Space Safety Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 66-75"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We use numerous plasma parameters with geomagnetic indices with different time scales for the solar wind (SW) during the corresponding periods. Using Kp 3 h data, Dst index hourly data, the symmetric disturbance field (SYM-H) minute resolution data, and solar plasma measurements from multiple satellites, examine the chain of significant events that occurred in year 2023. The Empirical methods and statistical correlation technique examines the relationship between SW parameters and geomagnetic indices during major geomagnetic storms in 2023. Statical analysis of geomagnetic provisional activity Sym/H has better results than the disturbance storm time (Dst) index during various main phases of geomagnetic activity. The correlation (Cr) between SW characteristics with Dst, Kp, and SYM/H have different values, defining the link of disturbance in space weather. This research provides valuable insights for enhancing space weather forecasting of solar-terrestrial interactions.
{"title":"Analysis 2023 Storms based on different time scales (Dst, Kp & Sym/H)","authors":"Pawan Kumar , Mahender Pal , A.P. Mishra , Sham Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.jsse.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsse.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We use numerous plasma parameters with geomagnetic indices with different time scales for the solar wind (SW) during the corresponding periods. Using Kp 3 h data, Dst index hourly data, the symmetric disturbance field (SYM-H) minute resolution data, and solar plasma measurements from multiple satellites, examine the chain of significant events that occurred in year 2023. The Empirical methods and statistical correlation technique examines the relationship between SW parameters and geomagnetic indices during major geomagnetic storms in 2023. Statical analysis of geomagnetic provisional activity Sym/H has better results than the disturbance storm time (Dst) index during various main phases of geomagnetic activity. The correlation (Cr) between SW characteristics with Dst, Kp, and SYM/H have different values, defining the link of disturbance in space weather. This research provides valuable insights for enhancing space weather forecasting of solar-terrestrial interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Space Safety Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 94-104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jsse.2024.12.003
Sayavur I. Bakhtiyarov , Mostafa Hassanalian , Ayten S. Bakhtiyarova , Stephen M. White
A radiant-flux reflectivity model is developed to estimate the reflectance of the radiant flux in nanocomposite dielectric materials. The model considers reflectance, transmittance and absorbance in all components of the composite material. The model is applied to pristine PTFE and to a PFTE-based nanocomposite. The results are compared to the experimental data available in the literature. The simulation results show that the variation of the reflectance simulated for pristine PTFE samples of different thicknesses increases with increasing wavelength and decreases with increasing sample thickness. A comparison of the simulation results with the experimental data obtained by different researchers showed a qualitative agreement between the simulations and the experimental data.
{"title":"Radiant flux reflectivity model of nanocomposite dielectric materials","authors":"Sayavur I. Bakhtiyarov , Mostafa Hassanalian , Ayten S. Bakhtiyarova , Stephen M. White","doi":"10.1016/j.jsse.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsse.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A radiant-flux reflectivity model is developed to estimate the reflectance of the radiant flux in nanocomposite dielectric materials. The model considers reflectance, transmittance and absorbance in all components of the composite material. The model is applied to pristine PTFE and to a PFTE-based nanocomposite. The results are compared to the experimental data available in the literature. The simulation results show that the variation of the reflectance simulated for pristine PTFE samples of different thicknesses increases with increasing wavelength and decreases with increasing sample thickness. A comparison of the simulation results with the experimental data obtained by different researchers showed a qualitative agreement between the simulations and the experimental data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Space Safety Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 105-118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jsse.2025.02.002
Leonidas Askianakis
Although vital for life on Earth, solar activity poses questions and increasing threats to humanity due to the Sun's unknown dynamics, intensified by our dependence on terrestrial and space-based infrastructure. This situation is compounded by significant gaps in our understanding of space weather phenomena, the Sun's magnetic field, and the need for rapid responses to unpredicted solar events. To address these issues, an optimized heliocentric satellite constellation is proposed that leverages satellites in an Elliptical Walker Constellation. This system offers – among others - equally distributed arguments of periapsis separations and cross-coupled true anomalies with respect to the Sun-centric coordinate frame. In this paper it is also demonstrated that this strategic multi-spacecraft configuration makes it possible to distinguish spatial and temporal changes in solar wind phenomena, reconstruct, in 3D, Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs), predict which space or ground-based infrastructure and when it will be affected by CMEs, maintain continuous coverage of the critical Sun-Earth line throughout the mission's duration, and protect future missions by providing simultaneously in-situ and remote measurements from small and cost-effective satellites.
{"title":"Continuous in-situ and remote sun observation for space weather monitoring and mitigation of infrastructure threats through an optimized heliocentric satellite constellation","authors":"Leonidas Askianakis","doi":"10.1016/j.jsse.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsse.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although vital for life on Earth, solar activity poses questions and increasing threats to humanity due to the Sun's unknown dynamics, intensified by our dependence on terrestrial and space-based infrastructure. This situation is compounded by significant gaps in our understanding of space weather phenomena, the Sun's magnetic field, and the need for rapid responses to unpredicted solar events. To address these issues, an optimized heliocentric satellite constellation is proposed that leverages satellites in an Elliptical Walker Constellation. This system offers – among others - equally distributed arguments of periapsis separations and cross-coupled true anomalies with respect to the Sun-centric coordinate frame. In this paper it is also demonstrated that this strategic multi-spacecraft configuration makes it possible to distinguish spatial and temporal changes in solar wind phenomena, reconstruct, in 3D, Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs), predict which space or ground-based infrastructure and when it will be affected by CMEs, maintain continuous coverage of the critical Sun-Earth line throughout the mission's duration, and protect future missions by providing simultaneously in-situ and remote measurements from small and cost-effective satellites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Space Safety Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 149-159"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jsse.2025.02.001
J. Clayton Gafford
A high school Space Settlement Design Competition held continuously for over 40 years exposes a group of student competitors to simulated real world industry proposal activity. This competition provides an opportunity for high school students interested in space to learn about both space exploration and system engineering. ISSDC provides students an opportunity to learn these concepts as well as offering opportunities for individuals to focus on their own specific interests and to the level of involvement that they select. Student competitors form fictitious companies and establish a company organizational structure that include a president, vice presidents, department directors and department team members. The companies also have an industry professional join as a Chief Executive Officer (CEO) who guides the students through the competition proposal. The result of the competition is that student competitors, CEOs, and other volunteers gain a lifelong experience that guides and enriches them through their educational and professional careers.
{"title":"International Space Settlement Design Competition - An Experience","authors":"J. Clayton Gafford","doi":"10.1016/j.jsse.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsse.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A high school Space Settlement Design Competition held continuously for over 40 years exposes a group of student competitors to simulated real world industry proposal activity. This competition provides an opportunity for high school students interested in space to learn about both space exploration and system engineering. ISSDC provides students an opportunity to learn these concepts as well as offering opportunities for individuals to focus on their own specific interests and to the level of involvement that they select. Student competitors form fictitious companies and establish a company organizational structure that include a president, vice presidents, department directors and department team members. The companies also have an industry professional join as a Chief Executive Officer (CEO) who guides the students through the competition proposal. The result of the competition is that student competitors, CEOs, and other volunteers gain a lifelong experience that guides and enriches them through their educational and professional careers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Space Safety Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 28-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/S2468-8967(25)00053-9
{"title":"AF advertisement","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2468-8967(25)00053-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2468-8967(25)00053-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Space Safety Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"Page ii"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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