Pub Date : 2021-10-11DOI: 10.1080/08276331.2021.1982605
Ajay Arora
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Pub Date : 2021-10-08DOI: 10.1080/08276331.2021.1981728
Mariah M. Maxheimer, Charlene L. Nicholls-Nixon
Abstract This qualitative study explores what dimensions of entrepreneurial coaching matter to women during business incubation and why. This issue is important because Canada is a world leader in the rate of entrepreneurial activity and business incubation support, yet women are underrepresented and their coaching needs are not well understood. Purposive sampling was employed to recruit 15 participants (6 women, 5 men, 4 coaches) from four Canadian incubators. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews. NVivo software facilitated coding and gender comparisons. Analysis followed the Gioia methodology for grounded theorizing which revealed 52 second-order concepts that grouped into three primary coaching dimensions (venture support, emotional support, gender inclusivity). Men and women value these dimensions differently. The emergent theoretical model suggests that for women entrepreneurs, business expertise (a dimension of venture support), emotional support, and gender inclusivity influence the development of entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE), which, in turn, contributes to entrepreneurial outcomes (venture and personal development) during business incubation. The coach’s personal investment and the entrepreneur’s coachability influences these relationships. The findings have implications for future research exploring incubation as a gendered phenomenon, and for incubator managers and policy makers concerned with designing inclusive incubation programs and reducing the gender gap in Canadian entrepreneurship.
{"title":"What women want (and need) from coaching relationships during business incubation","authors":"Mariah M. Maxheimer, Charlene L. Nicholls-Nixon","doi":"10.1080/08276331.2021.1981728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2021.1981728","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This qualitative study explores what dimensions of entrepreneurial coaching matter to women during business incubation and why. This issue is important because Canada is a world leader in the rate of entrepreneurial activity and business incubation support, yet women are underrepresented and their coaching needs are not well understood. Purposive sampling was employed to recruit 15 participants (6 women, 5 men, 4 coaches) from four Canadian incubators. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews. NVivo software facilitated coding and gender comparisons. Analysis followed the Gioia methodology for grounded theorizing which revealed 52 second-order concepts that grouped into three primary coaching dimensions (venture support, emotional support, gender inclusivity). Men and women value these dimensions differently. The emergent theoretical model suggests that for women entrepreneurs, business expertise (a dimension of venture support), emotional support, and gender inclusivity influence the development of entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE), which, in turn, contributes to entrepreneurial outcomes (venture and personal development) during business incubation. The coach’s personal investment and the entrepreneur’s coachability influences these relationships. The findings have implications for future research exploring incubation as a gendered phenomenon, and for incubator managers and policy makers concerned with designing inclusive incubation programs and reducing the gender gap in Canadian entrepreneurship.","PeriodicalId":37293,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship","volume":"23 1","pages":"548 - 577"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89155631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-06DOI: 10.1080/08276331.2021.1980838
R. Asravor, V. Acheampong
{"title":"Factors influencing risk attitudes of entrepreneurs in Ghana: the role of gender","authors":"R. Asravor, V. Acheampong","doi":"10.1080/08276331.2021.1980838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2021.1980838","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37293,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75013896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-04DOI: 10.1080/08276331.2021.1980681
F. Thoto, T. Jayne, F. Yeboah, B. Honfoga, Anselme Adégbidi
{"title":"Degrees of formalization of agricultural entrepreneurs: going beyond registration","authors":"F. Thoto, T. Jayne, F. Yeboah, B. Honfoga, Anselme Adégbidi","doi":"10.1080/08276331.2021.1980681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2021.1980681","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37293,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85947413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) is a central concept for understanding the entrepreneurial process. Studies show that ESE differs between men and women. Does training have a gender-specific effect on ESE? To answer this question, we followed 238 nascent entrepreneurs who received 330 hours of training and we measured their level of ESE before training, six months after the initial assessment, then 6 and 12 months after that (final sample of 42). We found that gender had a significant effect on ESE change throughout the periods. Women had lower levels of ESE than men before training, but this difference was no longer significant after. We also found a quadratic effect of gender: while ESE was boosted in women after training, this effect did not remain constant in the ensuing periods. For men, we found the opposite quadratic effect: training slightly reduced their ESE, and the level increased slightly in the ensuing periods. For both genders, training appears to have had a short-term effect on their ESE. This highlights the necessity to study changes in ESE from a long-term perspective, and also the need to investigate how training or other support can lead to ESE improvement for female entrepreneurs.
{"title":"Gendered impact of training on entrepreneurial self-efficacy: a longitudinal study of nascent entrepreneurs","authors":"Étienne St-Jean, Maripier Tremblay, Cécile Fonrouge, Rahma Chouchane","doi":"10.1080/08276331.2021.1981731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2021.1981731","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) is a central concept for understanding the entrepreneurial process. Studies show that ESE differs between men and women. Does training have a gender-specific effect on ESE? To answer this question, we followed 238 nascent entrepreneurs who received 330 hours of training and we measured their level of ESE before training, six months after the initial assessment, then 6 and 12 months after that (final sample of 42). We found that gender had a significant effect on ESE change throughout the periods. Women had lower levels of ESE than men before training, but this difference was no longer significant after. We also found a quadratic effect of gender: while ESE was boosted in women after training, this effect did not remain constant in the ensuing periods. For men, we found the opposite quadratic effect: training slightly reduced their ESE, and the level increased slightly in the ensuing periods. For both genders, training appears to have had a short-term effect on their ESE. This highlights the necessity to study changes in ESE from a long-term perspective, and also the need to investigate how training or other support can lead to ESE improvement for female entrepreneurs.","PeriodicalId":37293,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship","volume":"29 1","pages":"524 - 547"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73977126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have widely implemented social media as part of their communicative strategies. However, there are few studies on the development of social media for SMEs. This study draws from the literature regarding dynamic capability to argue that organizational ambidexterity, —both exploitation and exploration—may influence the social media strategic capability of SMEs. Based on data collected from 221 SMEs, structural equation modeling was applied in investigating the effects of ambidexterity on social media strategic capability, as well as to examine the moderating role of environmental dynamism. The results confirm that, in the SME context, organizational ambidexterity of both exploitation and exploration have significant and positive effects on social media strategic capability where exploration was found to be more effective than exploitation. Also, environmental dynamism was found to moderate the effect of exploitation, shedding light on the influence of uncertainty on strategic social media decisions. Overall, this study contributes to the limited knowledge of social media as a strategic capability and enriches the literature on organizational ambidexterity and social media for entrepreneurship. Drawing on these results, we suggest that SMEs should consider applying organizational ambidexterity when implementing social media as one of their crucial strategies. RÉSUMÉ Les petites et moyennes entreprises (PME) ont largement mis en oeuvre les médias sociaux dans le cadre de leurs stratégies de communication. Cependant, il existe peu d’études sur le développement des médias sociaux pour les PME. Cette étude s’appuie suie sur la littérature relative à la capacité dynamique pour soutenir que l’ambidextérité organisationnelle – à la fois l’exploitation et l’exploration - peuvent influencer la capacité stratégique des PME en matière de médias sociaux. Sur la base de données collectées auprès de 221 PME, une modélisation par équation structurelle a été appliquée pour étudier les effets de l’ambidextérité sur la capacité stratégique des médias sociaux, ainsi que pour examiner le rôle modérateur du dynamisme environnemental. Les résultats confirment que dans le contexte des PME, l’ambidextérité organisationnelle d’exploitation et d’exploration a des effets significatifs et positifs sur la capacité stratégique des médias sociaux, l’exploration s’avérant plus efficace que l’exploitation. De plus, il a été constaté que le dynamisme environnemental modère l’effet de l’exploitation, ce qui apporte un éclairage sur l’influence de l’incertitude sur les décisions stratégiques en matière de médias sociaux. Dans l’ensemble, cette étude contribue à la connaissance limitée des médias sociaux en tant que capacité stratégique et enrichit la littérature sur l’ambidextérité organisationnelle et les médias sociaux pour l’entrepreneuriat. Sur la base de ces résultats, nous suggérons que les PME devraient envisager d’appliquer l’ambide
中小企业将社交媒体作为其传播策略的一部分，已经得到了广泛的应用。然而，关于中小企业社交媒体发展的研究却很少。本研究借鉴动态能力的相关文献，认为组织的双元性——利用性和探索性——可能影响中小企业的社交媒体战略能力。本文基于221家中小企业的数据，运用结构方程模型研究了双元性对企业社交媒体战略能力的影响，并考察了环境动态性的调节作用。研究结果证实，在中小企业背景下，开发和探索的组织双元性对社交媒体战略能力有显著的积极影响，其中探索比开发更有效。此外，研究还发现，环境动态性可以缓和利用的影响，从而揭示不确定性对社交媒体战略决策的影响。总体而言，本研究有助于弥补对社交媒体作为战略能力的有限认识，并丰富了关于组织双元性和社交媒体对创业的研究文献。根据这些结果，我们建议中小企业在实施社交媒体作为其关键战略之一时应考虑应用组织双元性。RÉSUMÉ小型企业与大型企业(PME)的合作关系主要包括:小型企业与大型企业的交流、社会交流、小型企业与大型企业的交流。除此之外，将会存在一些不属于个人的薪金，而属于个人的薪金，或者属于个人的薪金，或者属于个人的薪金。这个练习曲年代'appuie suie苏尔la litterature相对la capacite dynamique倒soutenir, l 'ambidexterite organisationnelle - la次l 'exploitation et l 'exploration peuvent影响la capacite内des中外en matiere de社会媒体》。根据现有的薪金薪金表收集221 PME的薪金薪金表，根据薪金薪金表收集薪金薪金表，根据薪金薪金表收集薪金薪金表，根据薪金薪金表收集薪金薪金表，根据薪金薪金表收集薪金薪金表，根据薪金薪金表收集薪金薪金表，根据薪金薪金表收集薪金薪金表，根据薪金薪金表收集薪金薪金表。“组织”将“利用”与“探索”结合起来;“组织”将“利用”与“探索”结合起来;“组织”将“利用”与“能力”结合起来;“组织”将“利用”与“社会”结合起来;“探索”将“利用”与“利用”结合起来。此外，将一个可变的环境模式定义为动态的环境模式，将一个可变的开发模式定义为影响的环境模式，将一个可变的环境模式定义为影响的环境模式，将一个可变的环境模式定义为不确定的环境模式，将一个可变的环境模式定义为社会模式。综上所列，其他的薪金薪金是由薪金薪金决定的，限制薪金薪金是由薪金薪金决定的，社会薪金是由薪金薪金决定的，能力薪金是由薪金薪金决定的，组织薪金是由薪金薪金决定的。根据这些组织的基本情况，我们建议将这些组织与其他组织进行比较，例如，将这些组织与其他组织进行比较，例如，将这些组织与其他组织进行比较，例如，将这些组织与其他组织进行比较。
{"title":"Enabling social media as a strategic capability for SMEs through organizational ambidexterity","authors":"Niramarn Ngammoh, Atthaphon Mumi, Sujinda Popaitoon, Achariya Issarapaibool","doi":"10.1080/08276331.2021.1980682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2021.1980682","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have widely implemented social media as part of their communicative strategies. However, there are few studies on the development of social media for SMEs. This study draws from the literature regarding dynamic capability to argue that organizational ambidexterity, —both exploitation and exploration—may influence the social media strategic capability of SMEs. Based on data collected from 221 SMEs, structural equation modeling was applied in investigating the effects of ambidexterity on social media strategic capability, as well as to examine the moderating role of environmental dynamism. The results confirm that, in the SME context, organizational ambidexterity of both exploitation and exploration have significant and positive effects on social media strategic capability where exploration was found to be more effective than exploitation. Also, environmental dynamism was found to moderate the effect of exploitation, shedding light on the influence of uncertainty on strategic social media decisions. Overall, this study contributes to the limited knowledge of social media as a strategic capability and enriches the literature on organizational ambidexterity and social media for entrepreneurship. Drawing on these results, we suggest that SMEs should consider applying organizational ambidexterity when implementing social media as one of their crucial strategies. RÉSUMÉ Les petites et moyennes entreprises (PME) ont largement mis en oeuvre les médias sociaux dans le cadre de leurs stratégies de communication. Cependant, il existe peu d’études sur le développement des médias sociaux pour les PME. Cette étude s’appuie suie sur la littérature relative à la capacité dynamique pour soutenir que l’ambidextérité organisationnelle – à la fois l’exploitation et l’exploration - peuvent influencer la capacité stratégique des PME en matière de médias sociaux. Sur la base de données collectées auprès de 221 PME, une modélisation par équation structurelle a été appliquée pour étudier les effets de l’ambidextérité sur la capacité stratégique des médias sociaux, ainsi que pour examiner le rôle modérateur du dynamisme environnemental. Les résultats confirment que dans le contexte des PME, l’ambidextérité organisationnelle d’exploitation et d’exploration a des effets significatifs et positifs sur la capacité stratégique des médias sociaux, l’exploration s’avérant plus efficace que l’exploitation. De plus, il a été constaté que le dynamisme environnemental modère l’effet de l’exploitation, ce qui apporte un éclairage sur l’influence de l’incertitude sur les décisions stratégiques en matière de médias sociaux. Dans l’ensemble, cette étude contribue à la connaissance limitée des médias sociaux en tant que capacité stratégique et enrichit la littérature sur l’ambidextérité organisationnelle et les médias sociaux pour l’entrepreneuriat. Sur la base de ces résultats, nous suggérons que les PME devraient envisager d’appliquer l’ambide","PeriodicalId":37293,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship","volume":"2 1","pages":"197 - 217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85174467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.1080/08276331.2021.1980680
Paul Pfister, Claudia Lehmann
Abstract Digitisation is key for staying competitive. However, the impact of digitisation on small- and medium-sized enterprises (SME) business performance remains under-researched in the extant literature. To make effective technology adoption decisions, entrepreneurs need to understand the concrete added value of and return on digital solutions. Towards this end, a systematic literature review is conducted by analysing 124 publications in peer-reviewed journals between 2009 and 2019. Articles were extracted from commonly used databases including EBSCOhost, Emerald, ResearchGate and ScienceDirect. A state-of-the-art report on digital value creation was delivered. The analysis reveals 14 verified added values that can be ranked according to number of mentions and classified into financial as well as strategic digital benefits. The most cited returns are efficiency and effectiveness, cost reduction, productivity growth, customer satisfaction, and competitive advantage. The most quoted digital solutions are social media, websites, cloud computing, and data analytics.
{"title":"Returns on digitisation in SMEs—a systematic literature review","authors":"Paul Pfister, Claudia Lehmann","doi":"10.1080/08276331.2021.1980680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2021.1980680","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Digitisation is key for staying competitive. However, the impact of digitisation on small- and medium-sized enterprises (SME) business performance remains under-researched in the extant literature. To make effective technology adoption decisions, entrepreneurs need to understand the concrete added value of and return on digital solutions. Towards this end, a systematic literature review is conducted by analysing 124 publications in peer-reviewed journals between 2009 and 2019. Articles were extracted from commonly used databases including EBSCOhost, Emerald, ResearchGate and ScienceDirect. A state-of-the-art report on digital value creation was delivered. The analysis reveals 14 verified added values that can be ranked according to number of mentions and classified into financial as well as strategic digital benefits. The most cited returns are efficiency and effectiveness, cost reduction, productivity growth, customer satisfaction, and competitive advantage. The most quoted digital solutions are social media, websites, cloud computing, and data analytics.","PeriodicalId":37293,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship","volume":"37 1","pages":"574 - 598"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91304241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-28DOI: 10.1080/08276331.2021.1979909
Carsten Rietmann
{"title":"Digital pioneers in the periphery? Toward a typology of rural Hidden Champions in times of digitalization","authors":"Carsten Rietmann","doi":"10.1080/08276331.2021.1979909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2021.1979909","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37293,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77827606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-16DOI: 10.1080/08276331.2021.1963134
Richard J. Arend
Abstract We challenge Knight’s century-old classic model of entrepreneurship by arguing hypotheses that he was wrong not only about the relationship between uncertainty and entrepreneurial performance but also about the core assumption that all relevant parties perceive the same minimum level of uncertainty involved in the focal business problem they confront. We test our three hypotheses on data collected from a recent survey of northeastern US entrepreneurial small business owners regarding their perceptions of the current pandemic and their behaviors and plans in responding to it. As the first paper to test Knight’s logic while strictly conforming to his definition of uncertainty – as more than risky – we find that while Knight’s logic is sound theoretically, it is deeply flawed in reality. We find that non-risk uncertainty has a more complex relationship with entrepreneurship, including significant negative effects mostly ignored by Knight. As well, our results indicate that his premise of the universality of a minimum perceived uncertainty level across potential entrepreneurs is unjustified. The practical implications include a call for policy-makers to help clarify and reduce uncertainties while protecting entrepreneurs from their downsides, or at least not adding to them (as some Covid responses appeared to do).
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Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/08276331.2021.1974236
R. Klingler‐Vidra, Steven Jiawei Hai, Ye Liu, A. Chalmers
Abstract There is a widely-held belief that China’s high-performing entrepreneurs have been fueled by their transnational experience. Scholars have pointed to studying or working in the US, in particular, as a driver of their performance, while other researchers emphasize the ascent of place-based factors, such as the triple helix – the interaction of industry, government and academia – of leading cities as a bedrock for China’s entrepreneurship. In this paper, we examine the migration patterns of high-performing entrepreneurs, like Jack Ma, the founder of Alibaba, in order to test these competing hypotheses. To do so, we analyze the spatial mobility patterns of the founders of the Chinese high-growth companies that had raised at least US$1 billion in private equity funding as of March 2020. In contrast to the prevailing assumption that these high-performing entrepreneurs are returnees (e.g. Chinese entrepreneurs that lived abroad and returned to China), we find that, like Ma, this elite cohort are predominantly graduates with bachelor’s degrees from universities in urban coastal regions in China. Rather than transnational or location-based explanations, our findings point to sub-national migration patterns within China—to and within coastal urban areas—as more likely to drive entrepreneurial performance.
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