Pub Date : 2023-10-27DOI: 10.1080/08276331.2023.2272236
Ravaka Randrianarimanana, Zhan Su
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Pub Date : 2023-10-24DOI: 10.1080/08276331.2023.2269411
Emilia Karpinskaia, Louisa Selivanovskikh, Galina Shirokova, Virginia Bodolica
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Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.1080/08276331.2023.2260296
Ziren Wang, Sui Sui, Horatio M. Morgan, Yu Wei Ye
AbstractInnovative small companies often struggle to profit from their intellectual property (IP) due to various constraints, a challenge that remains under-researched. In our analysis of seven Canadian firms, we illuminate the ways these businesses maximize IP value. In doing so, we proposed a nuanced, resource-based view (RBV) framework. This framework reveals that small business managers first evaluate resource deficiencies for specific IPs. Following this, they pinpoint and implement compensating strategies linked to organizational resources, distinct IP forms, and networks. Consequently, small firms can harness the full potential of IP by adeptly evaluating resource gaps and applying appropriate compensatory measures. Moreover, this study underscores that the value that small firms derive from IP depends on their capability to resolve deficiencies with effective strategies. These insights not only advance our understanding of IP value capture processes in small firms but also offer actionable guidance for businesses and policymakers aiming to bolster innovative ecosystems.RÉSUMÉLes petites entreprises innovantes ont souvent du mal à tirer profit de leur propriété intellectuelle (PI) en raison de diverses contraintes, un défi qui a été sous-étudié. Dans notre analyse de sept entreprises canadiennes, nous mettons en lumière la manière dont les entreprises maximisent la valeur de la propriété intellectuelle. Pour ce faire, nous avons proposé un cadre nuancé de vision basée sur les ressources (VBR). Ce cadre révèle que les dirigeants des petites entreprises évaluent d’abord les lacunes en matière de ressources pour des PI spécifiques. Ensuite, ils identifient et mettent en œuvre des stratégies de compensation liées aux ressources organisationnelles, aux formes distinctes de propriété intellectuelle et aux réseaux. En conséquence, les petites entreprises peuvent exploiter pleinement le potentiel de la propriété intellectuelle en évaluant habilement les lacunes en matière de ressources et en appliquant des mesures compensatoires appropriées. En outre, cette étude souligne que la valeur que les petites entreprises tirent de la propriété intellectuelle dépend de leur capacité à combler ces lacunes par des stratégies efficaces. Ces informations nous permettent non seulement de faire progresser notre compréhension des processus de captation de la valeur de la propriété intellectuelle dans les petites entreprises, mais offrent également des conseils utiles aux entreprises et aux décideurs politiques qui cherchent à renforcer les écosystèmes innovants.Keywords: Compensating mechanismsintellectual property (IP)small companiesresource-based view (RBV)value capture processMOTS CLÉS: Mécanismes compensatoiresPropriété intellectuelle (PI)Petites entreprisesVision basée sur les ressources (VBR)Processus de captation de la valeur Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationNotes on contributorsZiren
摘要由于各种限制，创新型小公司往往难以从其知识产权中获利，这是一个尚未得到充分研究的挑战。在我们对七家加拿大公司的分析中，我们阐明了这些企业最大化知识产权价值的方式。为此，我们提出了一个微妙的、基于资源的观点(RBV)框架。该框架揭示了小企业管理者首先评估特定ip的资源不足。在此之后，他们确定并实施与组织资源、不同的IP形式和网络相关的补偿策略。因此，小公司可以通过熟练地评估资源差距和采取适当的补偿措施来充分利用知识产权的潜力。此外，本研究强调，小企业从知识产权中获得的价值取决于它们利用有效战略解决缺陷的能力。这些见解不仅增进了我们对小型企业知识产权价值获取过程的理解，而且为旨在加强创新生态系统的企业和政策制定者提供了可操作的指导。RÉSUMÉLes小型企业的创新和发展是基于不同的限制因素，并基于不同的限制因素，将自身的<s:1>个人和个人的<s:1>个人和个人的<s:1>个人和个人的<s:1>个人和个人的<s:1>个人和个人的个人和个人的<s:1>个人和个人的个人和个人的个人和个人的个人和个人的个人和个人的个人和个人的个人和个人的个人。当我们对加拿大的企业进行分析时，我们会发现，企业的价值是最大化的，我们的价值是最大化的。在此之前，雅芳公司提出了一种基于视觉的资源管理系统(VBR)。当一个人的职业生涯结束时，他的职业生涯就结束了，他的职业生涯就结束了，他的职业生涯就结束了。例如，在人力资源、人力资源、人力资源、人力资源、人力资源、人力资源、人力资源、人力资源、人力资源、人力资源、人力资源、人力资源、人力资源、人力资源、人力资源、人力资源、人力资源、人力资源、人力资源、人力资源、人力资源、人力资源、人力资源、人力资源、人力资源、人力资源、人力资源、人力资源、人力资源、人力资源、人力资源、人力资源、人力资源、人力资源等方面。因此，小型企业防止剥削者利用自身的潜力，利用自身的能力，利用自身的知识，利用自身的资源，利用自身的资源，利用自身的资源，利用自身的措施，补偿适当的环境。此外，将个人和企业的个人和企业的个人和企业的个人和企业的个人和企业的个人和企业的个人和企业的个人和企业的个人和企业的个人和企业的个人和企业的个人和企业的个人和企业的个人和企业的个人和企业的个人和企业的个人和企业的个人和企业的个人和企业的个人和企业的个人和企业的个人和企业的个人和企业的个人和企业的个人。这些信息具有普遍性，即不解决公平进步问题、不解决问题、不解决问题、不解决问题、不解决问题、不解决问题、不解决问题、不解决问题、不解决问题、不解决问题、不解决问题、不解决问题。关键词:补偿机制知识产权(IP)小型公司资源基础观(RBV)价值获取过程mots CLÉS:个人<s:1>个人<s:1>个人<s:1>个人<s:1>个人<s:1>个人<s:1>个人个人(PI)企业vision个人个人<s:1>个人个人个人个人(VBR)价值获取过程披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。王梓仁(ziren Wang)于2019年获得多伦多城市大学管理学硕士学位。这篇文章是他硕士论文的延伸。现在他是一名独立的保险顾问，他曾在安大略省政府担任高级资本分析师。隋SuiDr。隋穗，多伦多城市大学泰德·罗杰斯管理学院副教授。她的研究重点是小企业和企业家的国际化轨迹。这包括战略、资源和组织间因素对企业可持续性和扩张的影响。Sui博士在杰出的学术期刊上获得了荣誉，并在多个出版物中担任编辑职务。在学术界之外，她积极参与与加拿大银行和加拿大全球事务部等机构的圆桌讨论，在全球舞台上倡导创业企业的愿望。Horatio M. Morgan是滑铁卢大学康拉德创业与商业学院国际战略与创业学副教授。他的学术研究涉及国际创业、战略、移民创业和创业金融等领域。他的研究中有很大一部分深入研究了所有者和团队动态在影响公司国际战略和成果方面的作用。他的真知灼见曾被《国际商业研究杂志》、《商业冒险杂志》和《管理杂志》等一流期刊所刊登。他的作品也得到了CBC新闻、温哥华太阳报、加拿大赫芬顿邮报等媒体平台的关注。叶宇伟，多伦多城市大学泰德·罗杰斯管理学院博士生。
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Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.1080/08276331.2023.2253683
Paul Agu Igwe, Chinedu Ochinanwata, Rebecca Emeordi
This article examines how religiosity and spirituality influence entrepreneurial behaviour. The focus is on indigenous Igbos in Nigeria. Igbos are famous for successfully establishing transgenerational business legacies and indigenous enterprise clusters across West Africa. They are also notorious for their cultural devotion and belief in Chi or Chukwu (God), alusi (gods, spirits or deities), ndi ichie (ancestors) and the oracle. Hence, the majority of Igbo personal names contain the word ‘Chi’. Igbo cultural values are based on the spiritual maxims of ‘Onye a Hana Nwanne ya’ (don’t leave your brother behind), ‘Onye biri ebeya biri’ (live and let live) and ‘Akuruno’ (make wealth reach home). These charactertics make the Igbos a unique population, which allows us to examine the links between their entrepreneurial behaviour, religion and spirituality. Using a qualitative design (interviews), we analyzed expert data provided by 34 Igbo entrepreneurs to clarify these links. The findings reveal that ‘other-worldly’ and ‘this-worldly’ orientation are the two main forces that influence entrepreneurial behaviour. An ‘other-worldly’ orientation influences entrepreneurial behaviour such that the pursuit of a family business lifestyle has become the norm. Also, ‘this-worldly’ orientation influences entrepreneurial behaviour that is associated with risk-taking, informal entrepreneurial learning, community-based entrepreneurship, social responsibility, etc.
本文探讨了宗教信仰和灵性如何影响企业家行为。重点是尼日利亚的土著伊博人。伊博人以在西非成功建立跨代商业遗产和本土企业集群而闻名。他们也因其对Chi或Chukwu(上帝)，alusi(神，精神或神灵)，ndi ichie(祖先)和神谕的文化奉献和信仰而臭名昭著。因此，大多数伊博人的名字都包含“Chi”这个词。伊博人的文化价值观基于“不要丢下你的兄弟”(Onye a Hana Nwanne ya)、“活也让活”(Onye biri ebeya biri)和“Akuruno”(让财富回到家里)的精神格言。这些特征使伊博人成为一个独特的群体，这使我们能够研究他们的创业行为、宗教和精神之间的联系。采用定性设计(访谈)，我们分析了34名伊博企业家提供的专家数据，以澄清这些联系。研究结果表明，“超凡脱俗”和“现世”取向是影响创业行为的两股主要力量。“超凡脱俗”的取向影响着企业家的行为，以至于追求家族企业的生活方式已成为一种常态。此外，“现世”取向影响着与冒险、非正式创业学习、社区创业、社会责任等相关的创业行为。
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Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.1080/08276331.2023.2253682
Huy-Cuong Vo Thai, Trinh Hoang Hong Hue, My-Linh Tran, Xuan Vinh Vo
AbstractIn the ever-changing global environment, Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) face unique and formidable challenges, particularly in the wake of the pandemic. With their dependence on personal interactions and limited resources, along with a lack of digitalization, technology adoption, and online presence, MSMEs are at a high risk of survival. To overcome these operational and supply chain obstacles, MSMEs must embrace digitalization. However, weak institutional foundations, industry-specific issues, and resource-based costs in developing countries, particularly Vietnam, have hindered their adoption. This research study aims to examine the intricate relationship between strategy tripods, digitalization, and firm performance in the context of Vietnamese MSMEs. This study employs structural equation modeling to rigorously test the proposed hypotheses, drawing upon a researcher-designed survey administered to 382 MSMEs. The findings provide valuable insights into the barriers that hinder digitalization adoption in developing countries, emphasizing the crucial roles of government support, knowledge creation and absorption, and competitive intensity. Moreover, the study uncovers the positive impact of firm engagement in digitalization on post-digitalization performance. By contributing to a deeper understanding of the implications of strategy tripods and digitalization for MSME performance in Vietnam, this research offers actionable insights for policymakers and facilitates the development of effective training programs tailored towards digitalization, ultimately fostering sustainable outcomes.RÉSUMÉDans un environnement mondial en constante évolution, les micro, petites et moyennes entreprises (MPME) sont confrontées à des défis uniques et redoutables, en particulier dans le sillage de la pandémie. En raison de leur dépendance à l’égard des interactions personnelles et de leurs ressources limitées, ainsi que du manque de numérisation, d’adoption des technologies et de présence en ligne, les MPME courent un risque élevé de survie. Afin de surmonter ces obstacles opérationnels et liés à la chaîne d’approvisionnement, les MPME doivent adopter la numérisation. Cependant la faiblesse des bases institutionnelles, les problèmes spécifiques à l’industrie et les coûts liés aux ressources dans les pays en développement, en particulier au Viêt Nam, ont entravé son adoption. Cette étude a pour objectif d’examiner la relation complexe entre les trépieds de la stratégie, la numérisation et la performance des entreprises dans le contexte des MPME vietnamiennes. Elle utilise la modélisation par équation structurelle pour tester rigoureusement les hypothèses proposées, en s’appuyant sur une enquête conçue par les chercheurs et administrée à 382 MPME. Les résultats fournissent des indications précieuses sur les obstacles qui entravent l’adoption de la numérisation dans les pays en développement, en mettant l’accent sur les rôles cruciaux du soutien gou
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Pub Date : 2023-09-06DOI: 10.1080/08276331.2023.2243778
This article refers to:RETRACTED ARTICLE: Community-based Enterprises: A Promising Basis towards an Alternative Entrepreneurial Model for Sustainability Enhancing Livelihoods and Promoting Socio-economic Development in Rural India
以社区为基础的企业:印度农村可持续发展、改善生计和促进社会经济发展的另一种创业模式的前景
{"title":"Statement of Retraction: Community-based Enterprises: A Promising Basis towards an Alternative Entrepreneurial Model for Sustainability Enhancing Livelihoods and Promoting Socio-economic Development in Rural India","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/08276331.2023.2243778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2023.2243778","url":null,"abstract":"This article refers to:RETRACTED ARTICLE: Community-based Enterprises: A Promising Basis towards an Alternative Entrepreneurial Model for Sustainability Enhancing Livelihoods and Promoting Socio-economic Development in Rural India","PeriodicalId":37293,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135150460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.1080/08276331.2022.2145787
F. Santini, C. Matos, W. Ladeira, William Carvalho Jardim, M. G. Perin
Abstract Information technology (IT) has impacted firms in different industries. IT adoption is just as impactful for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Despite the number of studies investigating outcomes and IT adoption, there is a lack of consensus regarding the most relevant factors associated with IT adoption by SMEs (e.g. drivers and IT adoption). The study investigates the main antecedents, outcomes, and moderators of IT adoption by SMEs. A meta-analysis was conducted, integrating the findings from 59 studies. Data were analyzed by integrating meta-analysis and regression approach (MASEM). The results showed that the dimensions of TAM (usefulness and ease of use) and perceived compatibility have the strongest correlations among the nine antecedents. The findings indicated that resources and market turbulence were the main predictors of IT adoption in SMEs when testing only the direct relationships (MASEM). IT adoption significantly impacted outcomes, and SMEs from countries with low uncertainty avoidance presented stronger effects of IT adoption on firm outcomes. This research contributes to the literature by (i) addressing prior studies’ conflicts about antecedents and outcomes of SMEs IT adoption, (ii) integrating different theoretical approaches, and (iii) generating insights for managers and public policy institutions responsible for the survival and development of SMEs.
{"title":"Information technology adoption by small and medium enterprises: a meta-analysis","authors":"F. Santini, C. Matos, W. Ladeira, William Carvalho Jardim, M. G. Perin","doi":"10.1080/08276331.2022.2145787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2022.2145787","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Information technology (IT) has impacted firms in different industries. IT adoption is just as impactful for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Despite the number of studies investigating outcomes and IT adoption, there is a lack of consensus regarding the most relevant factors associated with IT adoption by SMEs (e.g. drivers and IT adoption). The study investigates the main antecedents, outcomes, and moderators of IT adoption by SMEs. A meta-analysis was conducted, integrating the findings from 59 studies. Data were analyzed by integrating meta-analysis and regression approach (MASEM). The results showed that the dimensions of TAM (usefulness and ease of use) and perceived compatibility have the strongest correlations among the nine antecedents. The findings indicated that resources and market turbulence were the main predictors of IT adoption in SMEs when testing only the direct relationships (MASEM). IT adoption significantly impacted outcomes, and SMEs from countries with low uncertainty avoidance presented stronger effects of IT adoption on firm outcomes. This research contributes to the literature by (i) addressing prior studies’ conflicts about antecedents and outcomes of SMEs IT adoption, (ii) integrating different theoretical approaches, and (iii) generating insights for managers and public policy institutions responsible for the survival and development of SMEs.","PeriodicalId":37293,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75386206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-20DOI: 10.1080/08276331.2022.2120345
Félix Zogning
Financial inclusion is a key economic objective for many countries, particularly developing countries, where research findings agree that financial inclusion is directly linked to poverty. According to the World Bank, financial inclusion, which refers to broad access to financial services, is defined as the absence of tariff or non-tariff barriers to the use of financial services. This question remains a priority and is included in the means to achieve nearly half of the sustainable development objectives of the United Nations, especially since traditional banking methods to address financial inclusion in developing countries are not working effectively (Isukul and Tantua 2021). Even more importantly, the social advancement and reduction in income inequalities that financial inclusion is meant to reinforce, are still not present in many low-income countries. On the contrary, financial exclusion amplifies the already perceptible gender gap on the economic front: households headed by women are 8% less likely to access a formal account compared to their male counterparts, and female-headed businesses use 20% fewer loans than male-headed businesses in less developed countries (Ghosh and Vinod 2017). Formal financial institutions have rigid and specific requirements, such as collateral and proof of residency, that women entrepreneurs are generally unlikely to meet. This is partly due to land or property rights, and cultural norms that discriminate against them. Another reason why women entrepreneurs face great difficulty in entering the formal financial network is the relationship between women entrepreneurs and bankers, which can suffer from stereotypes and discrimination. As a result, most women business owners largely depend on self-financing during the start-up period of their business. The financial exclusion of female entrepreneurs can deprive their businesses of means to take advantage of business opportunities, or to withstand systemic or business-specific shocks (Zogning 2021). Many countries have concluded that supporting women entrepreneurs remains a vital issue and one way to do this is to guarantee their financial access and use of high-quality formal financial services. This is especially true given that female entrepreneurship is considered a common thread for economic and social transformation, because of the critical role that these entrepreneurs play at the household and community levels.
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Pub Date : 2022-09-20DOI: 10.1080/08276331.2022.2121517
Félix Zogning
L’inclusion financi ere figure parmi les principaux objectifs economiques de nombreux pays, et notamment des pays en d eveloppement, o u les r esultats des recherches s’accordent sur le lien direct entre l‘exclusion financi ere et la pauvret e qui y pr evaut. Selon la Banque mondiale, l‘inclusion financi ere, qui r ef ere a un large acc es aux services financiers, est d efinie comme une absence de barri eres d‘ordre tarifaire ou non, dans l‘utilisation des services financiers. Cette question demeure une priorit e et figure d’ailleurs parmi les moyens pour atteindre pr es de la moiti e des objectifs de d eveloppement durable des Nations Unies, d’autant plus que les m ethodes bancaires traditionnelles pour r esoudre le probl eme de l‘inclusion financi ere dans les pays en d eveloppement ne fonctionnent pas efficacement (Isukul et Tantua 2021). Bien plus encore, la promotion sociale et la r eduction des in egalit es de revenus que l’inclusion financi ere est cens ee renforcer, ne sont pas encore au rendez-vous dans plusieurs pays a faibles revenus. Bien au contraire, l’exclusion financi ere amplifie l’ ecart d ej a perceptible entre les genres sur le plan economique: les m enages dirig es par des femmes sont 8% moins susceptibles d‘acc eder a un compte formel par rapport a leurs homologues masculins et les entreprises dirig ees par les femmes utilisent 20% moins de pr̂ets que celles dirig ees par des hommes, dans des pays moins avanc es (Gosh et Vinod 2017). Les femmes entrepreneures ont g en eralement de la difficult e a rencontrer les exigences rigides des institutions financi eres traditionnelles, qui vont de la preuve de r esidence a des garanties sur des biens immeubles. Ceci en raison des discriminations pr esentes dans les normes culturelles a leur egard, et a leur acc es limit e aux droits fonciers ou a la propri et e r esidentielle. Une autre explication aux difficult es prononc ees que rencontrent les femmes entrepreneures face au r eseau financier formel, se trouve dans les st er eotypes dont souffrent leur relation avec des banquiers. C’est ainsi que l’ ecrasante majorit e des femmes propri etaires d‘entreprise s’appuient davantage sur l‘autofinancement pendant la p eriode de d emarrage de leur entreprise. Cette exclusion financi ere des femmes entrepreneures peut priver leurs entreprises des moyens de profiter des opportunit es commerciales, ou de r esister aux chocs syst emiques ou sp ecifiques de leurs entreprises (Zogning 2021). C’est dans ce contexte que soutenir l’entrepreneuriat f eminin demeure un enjeu vital dans nombre de pays, lesquels estiment que l’acc es aux produits et services financiers de qualit e est une des conditions sine qua non de l’essor entrepreneurial vis e. Ceci d’autant plus que ces entrepreneures jouent des rôles multiples a la fois dans la communaut e et dans les m enages, faisant de l‘entrepreneuriat f eminin un fil conducteur pour la transformation economique et sociale.
金融包容性是许多国家，特别是发展中国家的主要经济目标之一，研究结果一致认为金融排斥与贫困之间存在直接联系。根据世界银行(world bank)的说法，金融包容性被定义为在使用金融服务时没有关税或非关税壁垒。金融包容性与金融服务有着广泛的联系。e和图再说这个问题依然是一个重要手段之一,达到目标的pr es, e d eveloppement m,何况联合国可持续ethodes传统银行业来说r . esoudre罗伯窜到‘包容、时代中d eveloppement (Isukul Tantua并不能有效运行至2021年)。更重要的是，金融包容性可以加强的社会进步和收入不平等的减少，在一些低收入国家还没有实现。相反,排斥、时代放大了性别之间的差异d . ej明显:经济上的m enages dirig es d是由妇女不到8%可能‘acc eder相比有了一个正式的账户a男企业家和企业dirig黑河由妇女使用的不到20%,pr̂ets所黑河dirig较少的国家的男子,在预付款(Gosh)和Vinod 2017)。女性企业家通常发现很难满足传统金融机构的严格要求，从居住证明到不动产担保。这是由于文化规范中对他们的歧视，以及他们获得土地或住房权利的机会有限。女性企业家在面对正式的金融环境时遇到的明显困难的另一种解释是，她们与银行家的关系是典型的。因此，绝大多数拥有企业的女性在创业期间更依赖于自筹资金。这种对女企业家的金融排斥可能使她们的企业无法利用商业机会，或无法承受其企业的经济或具体系统冲击(Zogning 2021)。f eminin正是在这样的背景下,支持创业来说仍是一个至关重要的问题。在许多国家,这些人认为jsb es e对金融产品和服务的质量是一个蓬勃发展的先决条件,这螺丝创业e。更重要的是,这些企业家所扮演的多重角色,既是在社会中的e和m enages和平区,l‘f eminin一个创业为主线的经济和社会变革。
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Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1080/08276331.2022.2042656
T. Saba, É. Danthine, J. Registre, G. Cachat-Rosset
Abstract While government, institutional and community efforts were in full swing to stimulate women’s entrepreneurship, COVID-19 hit the global economy hard. This article focuses on the determinants that stimulate the entrepreneurial optimism among women entrepreneurs and strengthen the capacity of Quebec’s SMEs to survive. Explanatory frameworks from chaos and dynamic capacities theories are mobilized to study how entrepreneurial skills and financial needs shape women’s entrepreneurial optimism, which in turn determines the resilience of SMEs in times of crisis. The study is based on a survey of 1,080 female entrepreneurs conducted in April 2020. The results highlight the need for business skill building, innovation skill development and new digital skills to boost entrepreneurial optimism and increase the chances of surviving the crisis. On the other hand, despite targeted government assistance, difficulties in accessing financing remain and high debt levels are major obstacles to overcoming the crisis.
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