Pub Date : 2023-05-10DOI: 10.1109/ISSE57496.2023.10168452
M. Šorm, J. Štulík, T. Křenek, A. Hamácek
This paper presents a hydrogen sensor based on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) decorated with Pd nanoparticles. Pulsed laser ablation in water was used to prepare Pd nanoparticles in colloid form. Two types of samples were prepared using airbrush deposition technology: one containing only SWCNT and the other containing a combination of SWCNT and Pd nanoparticles. Experimental results show that Pd nanoparticles have a significant contribution to the sensitivity of the sensor, which shows a greater response to hydrogen gas at room temperature. In addition, the temperature dependence and cross-sensitivity of the sensor to other gases such as methane, ammonia and nitrogen dioxide were investigated.
{"title":"Carbon Nanotubes Decorated with Palladium Nanoparticles for Hydrogen Detection","authors":"M. Šorm, J. Štulík, T. Křenek, A. Hamácek","doi":"10.1109/ISSE57496.2023.10168452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSE57496.2023.10168452","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a hydrogen sensor based on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) decorated with Pd nanoparticles. Pulsed laser ablation in water was used to prepare Pd nanoparticles in colloid form. Two types of samples were prepared using airbrush deposition technology: one containing only SWCNT and the other containing a combination of SWCNT and Pd nanoparticles. Experimental results show that Pd nanoparticles have a significant contribution to the sensitivity of the sensor, which shows a greater response to hydrogen gas at room temperature. In addition, the temperature dependence and cross-sensitivity of the sensor to other gases such as methane, ammonia and nitrogen dioxide were investigated.","PeriodicalId":373085,"journal":{"name":"2023 46th International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology (ISSE)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131604133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-10DOI: 10.1109/ISSE57496.2023.10168379
I. Vehec, T. Lenger, S. Kardoš, Peter Lukacs, Kristian Gontkovic
This article discusses the development of a simple force, pressure, or deformation sensor that can be integrated into printed circuit boards (PCBs) using polymer thick-layer pastes (PTF) as the sensing element. The piezoresistive effect of PTF pastes, including ED7500 with/without addition of dielectric paste and ED5020 carbon paste, was evaluated for sensitivity and hysteresis under compressive and tensile stress. The sensing element of the sensor is based on the piezoresistive phenomenon in the PTF resistor layer, where a bridge connection is used to measure the change in electrical resistance of a deformed element. The flexibility of lamination in PCB production is utilized to create a sensor with a membrane made of FR4 (by milling the glass-epoxy material) or polyimide material. Overall, the results indicate that this approach provides a relatively inexpensive solution for undemanding applications that do not require precise strain gauge measurements, such as pressure or force.
{"title":"Polymer Thick-film Piezoresistive Sensor Integrated into the PCB","authors":"I. Vehec, T. Lenger, S. Kardoš, Peter Lukacs, Kristian Gontkovic","doi":"10.1109/ISSE57496.2023.10168379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSE57496.2023.10168379","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the development of a simple force, pressure, or deformation sensor that can be integrated into printed circuit boards (PCBs) using polymer thick-layer pastes (PTF) as the sensing element. The piezoresistive effect of PTF pastes, including ED7500 with/without addition of dielectric paste and ED5020 carbon paste, was evaluated for sensitivity and hysteresis under compressive and tensile stress. The sensing element of the sensor is based on the piezoresistive phenomenon in the PTF resistor layer, where a bridge connection is used to measure the change in electrical resistance of a deformed element. The flexibility of lamination in PCB production is utilized to create a sensor with a membrane made of FR4 (by milling the glass-epoxy material) or polyimide material. Overall, the results indicate that this approach provides a relatively inexpensive solution for undemanding applications that do not require precise strain gauge measurements, such as pressure or force.","PeriodicalId":373085,"journal":{"name":"2023 46th International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology (ISSE)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133062230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-10DOI: 10.1109/ISSE57496.2023.10168355
Zbyněk Plachý, T. Hurtony, A. Géczy, K. Dušek
This work is devoted to investigating the effect of flux residues on the underfill. Prepared samples were made of copper sheets to eliminate the influence of multi-layered, inhomogeneous materials. Two sets of these samples were designed for this work; where one set was cleaned in an isopropyl alcohol bath in an ultrasonic cleaner, and the other was left uncleaned to highlight the presence of flux. Underfill was applied to both sets of samples, and the assemblies created in this way were subjected to several diagnostic methods. The work results showed that even when no-clean flux was used, its residues remained on the base substrates, contaminating the underfill or preventing it from completely filling the gap. The ultrasonic cleaner proved to be a suitable method for cleaning the samples, thus, eliminating the influence of flux residues or other impurities on the underfill. Furthermore, mechanical tests indicated that non-cleaned samples are characterized by a greater dispersion in mechanical properties than cleaned ones. Therefore, eliminating the influence of the flux will allow us to achieve more accurate results in the underfill’s effect on the reliability of the assembly, which will allow a better potential comparison of different methods of underfill application and other materials.
{"title":"Board Level Underfill – the Influence of Flux","authors":"Zbyněk Plachý, T. Hurtony, A. Géczy, K. Dušek","doi":"10.1109/ISSE57496.2023.10168355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSE57496.2023.10168355","url":null,"abstract":"This work is devoted to investigating the effect of flux residues on the underfill. Prepared samples were made of copper sheets to eliminate the influence of multi-layered, inhomogeneous materials. Two sets of these samples were designed for this work; where one set was cleaned in an isopropyl alcohol bath in an ultrasonic cleaner, and the other was left uncleaned to highlight the presence of flux. Underfill was applied to both sets of samples, and the assemblies created in this way were subjected to several diagnostic methods. The work results showed that even when no-clean flux was used, its residues remained on the base substrates, contaminating the underfill or preventing it from completely filling the gap. The ultrasonic cleaner proved to be a suitable method for cleaning the samples, thus, eliminating the influence of flux residues or other impurities on the underfill. Furthermore, mechanical tests indicated that non-cleaned samples are characterized by a greater dispersion in mechanical properties than cleaned ones. Therefore, eliminating the influence of the flux will allow us to achieve more accurate results in the underfill’s effect on the reliability of the assembly, which will allow a better potential comparison of different methods of underfill application and other materials.","PeriodicalId":373085,"journal":{"name":"2023 46th International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology (ISSE)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123040336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-10DOI: 10.1109/ISSE57496.2023.10168348
A. Pražanová, Dominik Pilnaj, Zbyněk Plachý, V. Knap
The popularity of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) as crucial power sources has increased in recent years. LIBs represent a perspective technology for recycling because they comprise a high portion of valuable metals, such as nickel, manganese, cobalt, or lithium, and other metals, including aluminium, copper, and iron. Battery discharging represents an essential step in end-of-life (EOL) pretreatment, as it reduces the risk of fire or explosion in further processing. As a simple, quick, and inexpensive technique, an electrochemical discharging process via salt-based solutions is preferred for cylindrical cells. Nevertheless, it is necessary to consider the composition of obtained waste products and the possible environmental risks leading to their safe and non-hazardous EOL processing. This work evaluated discharging efficiency and environmental perspective for cylindrical LIB cells, which were treated using NaCl solution. All battery cells were discharged to the safe voltage limit (0.75 V) within 24 hours. Major organic components, including volatile solvents with high toxic hazards, such as carbonic acid esters, methyl salicylate, and propanoic acid esters, were identified in the waste solutions using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Moreover, the metal proportion in the solution was determined using inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) analysis; it is recommended to recover metals from the wastewater before EOL or cleaning treatment.
{"title":"Techno-Environmental Evaluation of Recycling Pretreatment of Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Battery: Discharging via Salt-Based Solution","authors":"A. Pražanová, Dominik Pilnaj, Zbyněk Plachý, V. Knap","doi":"10.1109/ISSE57496.2023.10168348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSE57496.2023.10168348","url":null,"abstract":"The popularity of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) as crucial power sources has increased in recent years. LIBs represent a perspective technology for recycling because they comprise a high portion of valuable metals, such as nickel, manganese, cobalt, or lithium, and other metals, including aluminium, copper, and iron. Battery discharging represents an essential step in end-of-life (EOL) pretreatment, as it reduces the risk of fire or explosion in further processing. As a simple, quick, and inexpensive technique, an electrochemical discharging process via salt-based solutions is preferred for cylindrical cells. Nevertheless, it is necessary to consider the composition of obtained waste products and the possible environmental risks leading to their safe and non-hazardous EOL processing. This work evaluated discharging efficiency and environmental perspective for cylindrical LIB cells, which were treated using NaCl solution. All battery cells were discharged to the safe voltage limit (0.75 V) within 24 hours. Major organic components, including volatile solvents with high toxic hazards, such as carbonic acid esters, methyl salicylate, and propanoic acid esters, were identified in the waste solutions using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Moreover, the metal proportion in the solution was determined using inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) analysis; it is recommended to recover metals from the wastewater before EOL or cleaning treatment.","PeriodicalId":373085,"journal":{"name":"2023 46th International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology (ISSE)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121778588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-10DOI: 10.1109/ISSE57496.2023.10168468
S. Hassan, P. Rajaguru, S. Stoyanov, C. Bailey
In this paper, a direct-coupled thermal-mechanical analysis of a Power Electronics Modules (PEM) using ANSYS-FEM (Finite Element Method) is integrated with a Parametric Model Order Reduction (pMOR) technique. Unlike most present studies on model order reduction, which perform the coupled thermal-mechanical analysis by sequential-coupled thermal-mechanical models, the direct-coupled thermal-mechanical approach deployed in this study solves the thermal and structural models simultaneously. Commonly, pMOR mainly focuses on parametrising model parameters (e.g., material properties, loads.) that are constants. In this investigation, a new approach to parametrise temperature-dependent properties using pMOR, such as the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the materials in PEM structures, has been demonstrated in the context of the reliability assessment of electronic modules. A two-dimensional finite element model of a PEM is developed and used to study the temperature-dependent CTE effects of the Aluminium (Al) alloy on the thermal-mechanical response of the system under thermal load. A Krylov subspace-based technique, PRIMA, has been used for the model order reduction and a linear approach of matrix interpolation for the parametrisation in the pMOR. The full-order state-space model has 30,612 degrees of freedom (DOFs), and the reduced model achieved by pMOR has just 8 DOFs. The simulation runs show that with this approach, a substantial reduction in computational time can be achieved, for this problem, by 81% between the full and the reduced order models. In modelling predictions, the pMOR-based solution has retained the accuracy of results. In this instance, the average difference in stress result, compared to the ANSYS-FEM model (FOM) solution, is only 0.43%.
{"title":"Parametrising Temperature Dependent Properties in Thermal-Mechanical Analysis of Power Electronics Modules using Parametric Model Order Reduction","authors":"S. Hassan, P. Rajaguru, S. Stoyanov, C. Bailey","doi":"10.1109/ISSE57496.2023.10168468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSE57496.2023.10168468","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a direct-coupled thermal-mechanical analysis of a Power Electronics Modules (PEM) using ANSYS-FEM (Finite Element Method) is integrated with a Parametric Model Order Reduction (pMOR) technique. Unlike most present studies on model order reduction, which perform the coupled thermal-mechanical analysis by sequential-coupled thermal-mechanical models, the direct-coupled thermal-mechanical approach deployed in this study solves the thermal and structural models simultaneously. Commonly, pMOR mainly focuses on parametrising model parameters (e.g., material properties, loads.) that are constants. In this investigation, a new approach to parametrise temperature-dependent properties using pMOR, such as the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the materials in PEM structures, has been demonstrated in the context of the reliability assessment of electronic modules. A two-dimensional finite element model of a PEM is developed and used to study the temperature-dependent CTE effects of the Aluminium (Al) alloy on the thermal-mechanical response of the system under thermal load. A Krylov subspace-based technique, PRIMA, has been used for the model order reduction and a linear approach of matrix interpolation for the parametrisation in the pMOR. The full-order state-space model has 30,612 degrees of freedom (DOFs), and the reduced model achieved by pMOR has just 8 DOFs. The simulation runs show that with this approach, a substantial reduction in computational time can be achieved, for this problem, by 81% between the full and the reduced order models. In modelling predictions, the pMOR-based solution has retained the accuracy of results. In this instance, the average difference in stress result, compared to the ANSYS-FEM model (FOM) solution, is only 0.43%.","PeriodicalId":373085,"journal":{"name":"2023 46th International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology (ISSE)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126455343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-10DOI: 10.1109/ISSE57496.2023.10168410
I. Králová, Markéta Klimtová, P. Veselý
The goal of this work was to design a new methodology for the solderability measurement of solder alloys in vias (plated through holes) on printed circuit boards (PCB). As a key measurement device, a wetting balance tester was chosen. The sample holder was modified to be able to fix a copper tube, which simulated the plated through hole (PTH). The copper tubes were covered by a non-wetting coating on the outside; therefore, only the inside of the tube was wetted during immersion. This methodology was used for experiments with SAC305 solder in combination with colophony-based flux in order to verify its suitability. Three solder bath temperatures (255 °C, 270 °C, and 285 °C) were chosen for the measurement. The performed experiment showed the effect of a solder bath temperature and a diameter of PTH on the evaluated parameters, such as zero-cross time, non-wetting time, maximum wetting force, and height of capillary rise of the solder. The higher the temperature, the shorter the zero-cross time and non-wetting time. The bigger the diameter, the higher the maximum wetting force and the longer the non-wetting time. With the increasing vias’ diameter, the decreasing trend of the zero-cross time can be observed. The obtained results prove that the proposed methodology is appropriate for evaluating the alloys’ solderability in vias, providing a complex view of their wetting behavior during soldering.
{"title":"Methodology for Solderability Measurement of Plated Through Holes Using Wetting Balance Test","authors":"I. Králová, Markéta Klimtová, P. Veselý","doi":"10.1109/ISSE57496.2023.10168410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSE57496.2023.10168410","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this work was to design a new methodology for the solderability measurement of solder alloys in vias (plated through holes) on printed circuit boards (PCB). As a key measurement device, a wetting balance tester was chosen. The sample holder was modified to be able to fix a copper tube, which simulated the plated through hole (PTH). The copper tubes were covered by a non-wetting coating on the outside; therefore, only the inside of the tube was wetted during immersion. This methodology was used for experiments with SAC305 solder in combination with colophony-based flux in order to verify its suitability. Three solder bath temperatures (255 °C, 270 °C, and 285 °C) were chosen for the measurement. The performed experiment showed the effect of a solder bath temperature and a diameter of PTH on the evaluated parameters, such as zero-cross time, non-wetting time, maximum wetting force, and height of capillary rise of the solder. The higher the temperature, the shorter the zero-cross time and non-wetting time. The bigger the diameter, the higher the maximum wetting force and the longer the non-wetting time. With the increasing vias’ diameter, the decreasing trend of the zero-cross time can be observed. The obtained results prove that the proposed methodology is appropriate for evaluating the alloys’ solderability in vias, providing a complex view of their wetting behavior during soldering.","PeriodicalId":373085,"journal":{"name":"2023 46th International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology (ISSE)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126589472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-10DOI: 10.1109/ISSE57496.2023.10168345
Nicolae Alexandru Sârbu, D. Petreus
Microgrids play a key role in the integration of renewable energies into the classical grid and, thus, reducing our reliance on fossil fuels. Interconnecting different types of distributed energy resources is a challenging task which requires proper control methods to be set up. Moreover, due to the dependency of renewable energies on different weather factors, smart optimization techniques must be employed for microgrids to make operational and economic sense. Simulation is an essential tool for developing and testing such algorithms, before deploying them in a real-world scenario. This paper presents a model of a small scale islanded microgrid, developed in MATLAB Simulink, used to simulate different control and optimization methods. Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) is used as an example of a microgrid cost optimization method, which is validated using the developed model. The results presented show that the microgrid model as well as the optimization algorithm function as intended. This work serves as a starting point for further research.
{"title":"Model Development for an Islanded Microgrid","authors":"Nicolae Alexandru Sârbu, D. Petreus","doi":"10.1109/ISSE57496.2023.10168345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSE57496.2023.10168345","url":null,"abstract":"Microgrids play a key role in the integration of renewable energies into the classical grid and, thus, reducing our reliance on fossil fuels. Interconnecting different types of distributed energy resources is a challenging task which requires proper control methods to be set up. Moreover, due to the dependency of renewable energies on different weather factors, smart optimization techniques must be employed for microgrids to make operational and economic sense. Simulation is an essential tool for developing and testing such algorithms, before deploying them in a real-world scenario. This paper presents a model of a small scale islanded microgrid, developed in MATLAB Simulink, used to simulate different control and optimization methods. Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) is used as an example of a microgrid cost optimization method, which is validated using the developed model. The results presented show that the microgrid model as well as the optimization algorithm function as intended. This work serves as a starting point for further research.","PeriodicalId":373085,"journal":{"name":"2023 46th International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology (ISSE)","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127350769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-10DOI: 10.1109/ISSE57496.2023.10168477
Vincent Grennerat, P. Xavier, P. Jeannin, N. Corrao, A. Géczy
This paper describes a comparative study between traditional and sustainable approaches on a high-speed digital electronics design, demonstrating a solution similar to modern embedded systems. The system was produced on traditional flame retardant 4 (FR4) substrate and on biosourced and biodegradable, sustainable printed circuit board (PCB) substrate based on polylactic acid (PLA) and flax fibers, to evaluate the maturity of ecological substrates. The substrate was first characterized from a radio-frequency point of view, using resonant cylindrical cavities and a resonant microstrip line. Then, the circuit design was constrained by the measured relative permittivity and loss tangent, in order to guarantee a good matching of the differential lines and to reach a low signal distortion. Similarly, the physicochemical properties of the substrate induced the choice of processes for etching and soldering the components. The matched transmission lines were simulated with ADS software using input/output buffer information (IBIS) models of the digital circuits. Their characterization was conducted with eye diagram and time domain reflectometry technics. As an introduction, a life-cycle analysis (LCA) was conducted to evaluate the ecological impact part of the FR4 PCB among this electronic board life cycle impact.
{"title":"High-Speed Digital Electronics Board on a Novel Biobased and Biodegradable Substrate","authors":"Vincent Grennerat, P. Xavier, P. Jeannin, N. Corrao, A. Géczy","doi":"10.1109/ISSE57496.2023.10168477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSE57496.2023.10168477","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a comparative study between traditional and sustainable approaches on a high-speed digital electronics design, demonstrating a solution similar to modern embedded systems. The system was produced on traditional flame retardant 4 (FR4) substrate and on biosourced and biodegradable, sustainable printed circuit board (PCB) substrate based on polylactic acid (PLA) and flax fibers, to evaluate the maturity of ecological substrates. The substrate was first characterized from a radio-frequency point of view, using resonant cylindrical cavities and a resonant microstrip line. Then, the circuit design was constrained by the measured relative permittivity and loss tangent, in order to guarantee a good matching of the differential lines and to reach a low signal distortion. Similarly, the physicochemical properties of the substrate induced the choice of processes for etching and soldering the components. The matched transmission lines were simulated with ADS software using input/output buffer information (IBIS) models of the digital circuits. Their characterization was conducted with eye diagram and time domain reflectometry technics. As an introduction, a life-cycle analysis (LCA) was conducted to evaluate the ecological impact part of the FR4 PCB among this electronic board life cycle impact.","PeriodicalId":373085,"journal":{"name":"2023 46th International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology (ISSE)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130633717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-10DOI: 10.1109/ISSE57496.2023.10168313
Shireen Zangana, T. Lednický, Alexandra Borók, A. Bonyár
surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is adopted in a microfluidic cell to detect Rhodamine 6G (R6G) dye molecules using a gold nanoparticle Au NP’s –epoxy surface nanocomposite as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates. We studied the effect of changing the environment’s refractive index RI at the nanocomposites’ surface by using a solution of 10-4 M of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) dye in different water + ethylene glycol (EG) mixtures with ethylene glycol concentrations ranging from 25-100%. The surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) measurement was performed with 633nm excitation wavelengths. The surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy spectra (SERS) of the Rhodamine 6G (R6G) molecule obtained in the microfluidic system show reproducibility with high sensitivity. The effect of the measurement buffer’s refractive index RI is visible as the intensity of the characteristic Raman peaks changes.
{"title":"The Effect of the Buffers’ Refractive Index on the SERS Signal of Rhodamine 6G (R6G)","authors":"Shireen Zangana, T. Lednický, Alexandra Borók, A. Bonyár","doi":"10.1109/ISSE57496.2023.10168313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSE57496.2023.10168313","url":null,"abstract":"surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is adopted in a microfluidic cell to detect Rhodamine 6G (R6G) dye molecules using a gold nanoparticle Au NP’s –epoxy surface nanocomposite as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates. We studied the effect of changing the environment’s refractive index RI at the nanocomposites’ surface by using a solution of 10-4 M of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) dye in different water + ethylene glycol (EG) mixtures with ethylene glycol concentrations ranging from 25-100%. The surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) measurement was performed with 633nm excitation wavelengths. The surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy spectra (SERS) of the Rhodamine 6G (R6G) molecule obtained in the microfluidic system show reproducibility with high sensitivity. The effect of the measurement buffer’s refractive index RI is visible as the intensity of the characteristic Raman peaks changes.","PeriodicalId":373085,"journal":{"name":"2023 46th International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology (ISSE)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134508438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-10DOI: 10.1109/ISSE57496.2023.10168419
Irina Mădălina Burcea, P. Svasta, R. Negroiu
Supercapacitors, also known as Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors (EDLCs), are gaining popularity in modern applications such as the automobile sector due to their many advantages. They are often compared to traditional lithium-ion batteries because of their ability to handle high charge/discharge currents, quick charging time, and high number of charge/discharge cycles. In contrast to lithium-ion batteries, the EDLCs’ drawbacks are high values of equivalent series resistance (ESR) and self-discharge current. Therefore, this paper will focus on investigating the ESR, capacitance and self-discharge current of supercapacitors over a wide temperature range of -$20^{circ} C$ to $+60^{circ} C$, taking into consideration the working temperature limits specified by the manufacturers in their corresponding datasheets, in relation to the automotive industry. It is crucial to track the variation of these parameters with temperature to assess the supercapacitors’ loss and determine how they affect the behavior of the circuit in a particular application, such as an automobile module. This is especially important when taking into account the fact that supercapacitor datasheets do not contain this information.
{"title":"The Influence of the Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) on the Functional Behaviour of Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors (EDLCs)","authors":"Irina Mădălina Burcea, P. Svasta, R. Negroiu","doi":"10.1109/ISSE57496.2023.10168419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSE57496.2023.10168419","url":null,"abstract":"Supercapacitors, also known as Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors (EDLCs), are gaining popularity in modern applications such as the automobile sector due to their many advantages. They are often compared to traditional lithium-ion batteries because of their ability to handle high charge/discharge currents, quick charging time, and high number of charge/discharge cycles. In contrast to lithium-ion batteries, the EDLCs’ drawbacks are high values of equivalent series resistance (ESR) and self-discharge current. Therefore, this paper will focus on investigating the ESR, capacitance and self-discharge current of supercapacitors over a wide temperature range of -$20^{circ} C$ to $+60^{circ} C$, taking into consideration the working temperature limits specified by the manufacturers in their corresponding datasheets, in relation to the automotive industry. It is crucial to track the variation of these parameters with temperature to assess the supercapacitors’ loss and determine how they affect the behavior of the circuit in a particular application, such as an automobile module. This is especially important when taking into account the fact that supercapacitor datasheets do not contain this information.","PeriodicalId":373085,"journal":{"name":"2023 46th International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology (ISSE)","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131774521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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