Pub Date : 2020-09-13DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2020.1818171
R. Vachula
ABSTRACT Recent analyses of lake sediments in Alaska have provided physical evidence supporting the genetically inferred Beringian Standstill Hypothesis and insight into the location of its occurrence. However, the biomarkers analyzed in these sediments are relatively novel paleoenvironmental proxies, so their reliability is understandably scrutinized. Further, the timing of human presence inferred from these sediments predates the oldest, unequivocal archaeological artifacts in Alaska. In this Perspective essay, I discuss the interpretation, limitations, and implications of the sedimentary analyses. Additionally, I explore the archaeological dilemma that they pose.
{"title":"Alaskan Lake Sediment Records and Their Implications for the Beringian Standstill Hypothesis","authors":"R. Vachula","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2020.1818171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2020.1818171","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Recent analyses of lake sediments in Alaska have provided physical evidence supporting the genetically inferred Beringian Standstill Hypothesis and insight into the location of its occurrence. However, the biomarkers analyzed in these sediments are relatively novel paleoenvironmental proxies, so their reliability is understandably scrutinized. Further, the timing of human presence inferred from these sediments predates the oldest, unequivocal archaeological artifacts in Alaska. In this Perspective essay, I discuss the interpretation, limitations, and implications of the sedimentary analyses. Additionally, I explore the archaeological dilemma that they pose.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20555563.2020.1818171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48926960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-23DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2020.1778416
S. Fiedel, B. Potter, J. Morrow, M. Faught, C. Vance Haynes, J. Chatters
ABSTRACT Davis et al. (2019) recently presented the results of excavations at the Cooper’s Ferry site, located beside the Salmon River in Idaho. They claim that initial occupation of this site dates from ∼16,000 calendar years ago, that the first inhabitants came from northern Japan, and that this site conclusively demonstrates that “humans initially migrated into the Americas along the Pacific coast.” Here, we critically examine the chronological, geoarchaeological, and artifactual evidence for the claimed antiquity of the Cooper’s Ferry site and show that this evidence remains inconclusive. We also show that the coastal migration theory proposed by Davis et al. is incompatible with emerging paleogenomic evidence. We conclude that the oldest demonstrated occupation of Cooper’s Ferry dates to ∼11,500 calendar years ago, although ambiguous evidence might (but probably does not) indicate an earlier episode of occupation at ∼14,600–14,100 calendar years ago.
{"title":"Pioneers from Northern Japan in Idaho 16,000 Years Ago? A Critical Evaluation of the Evidence from Cooper’s Ferry","authors":"S. Fiedel, B. Potter, J. Morrow, M. Faught, C. Vance Haynes, J. Chatters","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2020.1778416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2020.1778416","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Davis et al. (2019) recently presented the results of excavations at the Cooper’s Ferry site, located beside the Salmon River in Idaho. They claim that initial occupation of this site dates from ∼16,000 calendar years ago, that the first inhabitants came from northern Japan, and that this site conclusively demonstrates that “humans initially migrated into the Americas along the Pacific coast.” Here, we critically examine the chronological, geoarchaeological, and artifactual evidence for the claimed antiquity of the Cooper’s Ferry site and show that this evidence remains inconclusive. We also show that the coastal migration theory proposed by Davis et al. is incompatible with emerging paleogenomic evidence. We conclude that the oldest demonstrated occupation of Cooper’s Ferry dates to ∼11,500 calendar years ago, although ambiguous evidence might (but probably does not) indicate an earlier episode of occupation at ∼14,600–14,100 calendar years ago.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20555563.2020.1778416","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48123177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-21DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2020.1788863
L. Davis, D. Madsen, David A. Sisson, Masami Izuho
ABSTRACT In an essay published in PaleoAmerica (2020, Vol. 6, No. 4), Fiedel and coauthors present a review of “Late Upper Paleolithic occupation at Cooper’s Ferry, Idaho, USA, ∼16,000 years ago”, by Davis and coauthors in Science (2019, Vol. 365, pp. 891–897). Fiedel and coauthors’ review presents significant misunderstandings about fundamental aspects of site stratigraphy and radiocarbon chronology and also advances alternative speculations about reported archaeological phenomena generated solely by their imaginations. Worse, Fiedel and coauthors attribute to us things we did not say, then use those false attributions to discredit our work. Our response provides an opportunity to clarify issues of stratigraphy, site formation, chronology, feature interpretation, and paleogenetics. We reinforce our original report that people bearing late Upper Paleolithic lithic technology initially occupied the Cooper’s Ferry site ∼16,000 calendar years ago and later returned over and over to live at the site during Clovis times and afterwards.
{"title":"Response to Review of “Late Upper Paleolithic occupation at Cooper’s Ferry, Idaho, USA, ∼16,000 years ago” by Fiedel et al.","authors":"L. Davis, D. Madsen, David A. Sisson, Masami Izuho","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2020.1788863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2020.1788863","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In an essay published in PaleoAmerica (2020, Vol. 6, No. 4), Fiedel and coauthors present a review of “Late Upper Paleolithic occupation at Cooper’s Ferry, Idaho, USA, ∼16,000 years ago”, by Davis and coauthors in Science (2019, Vol. 365, pp. 891–897). Fiedel and coauthors’ review presents significant misunderstandings about fundamental aspects of site stratigraphy and radiocarbon chronology and also advances alternative speculations about reported archaeological phenomena generated solely by their imaginations. Worse, Fiedel and coauthors attribute to us things we did not say, then use those false attributions to discredit our work. Our response provides an opportunity to clarify issues of stratigraphy, site formation, chronology, feature interpretation, and paleogenetics. We reinforce our original report that people bearing late Upper Paleolithic lithic technology initially occupied the Cooper’s Ferry site ∼16,000 calendar years ago and later returned over and over to live at the site during Clovis times and afterwards.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20555563.2020.1788863","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48997203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-13DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2020.1783969
O. Mason
ABSTRACT Coastal migration is linear and transport-reliant so that pre-Clovis coastal migration should be anticipated from its origin, as in the Thule migration, not its destination. Thule historiography, like Clovis, implicated a rapid, climate-forced migration by rapacious “over-killing” seal-hunters and whalers venturing into unoccupied high arctic landscapes—a model now insupportable. Thule datasets, from middens and numerous burials, include wood, ivory, and bone technologies that convey the factors promoting emigration: status striving, social inequality, and local overpopulation, but not an iron trade with Norse or Dorset. The emerging chronology situates the Thule migrations during a cooler thirteenth century while political ethnogeography records that ancestral Thule societies, Birnirk or Punuk, arose within a Bering Strait still dominated by Old Bering Sea culture. Data from the several Thule migrations, including lithic technology and ancient DNA, foster the re-examination of the coastal Beringian Standstill and Kelp highway scenarios, with a redirected focus on Sakhalin and Japan.
{"title":"The Thule Migrations as an Analog for the Early Peopling of the Americas: Evaluating Scenarios of Overkill, Trade, Climate Forcing, and Scalar Stress","authors":"O. Mason","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2020.1783969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2020.1783969","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Coastal migration is linear and transport-reliant so that pre-Clovis coastal migration should be anticipated from its origin, as in the Thule migration, not its destination. Thule historiography, like Clovis, implicated a rapid, climate-forced migration by rapacious “over-killing” seal-hunters and whalers venturing into unoccupied high arctic landscapes—a model now insupportable. Thule datasets, from middens and numerous burials, include wood, ivory, and bone technologies that convey the factors promoting emigration: status striving, social inequality, and local overpopulation, but not an iron trade with Norse or Dorset. The emerging chronology situates the Thule migrations during a cooler thirteenth century while political ethnogeography records that ancestral Thule societies, Birnirk or Punuk, arose within a Bering Strait still dominated by Old Bering Sea culture. Data from the several Thule migrations, including lithic technology and ancient DNA, foster the re-examination of the coastal Beringian Standstill and Kelp highway scenarios, with a redirected focus on Sakhalin and Japan.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20555563.2020.1783969","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46427090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-07DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2020.1763721
H. G. Nami, Juan Yataco Capcha
ABSTRACT Early projectile points frequently referred to as “fishtails” or “Fell” are found from northern Mesoamerica to the southern tip of South America. Becoming a widespread PaleoAmerican marker spanning ∼11,000–10,000 radiocarbon years ago, these points are found in the highest concentration in the Southern Cone of South America. To continue documenting and adding data on this topic, in this brief report we present morpho-technological observations on six specimens recently documented in the Republics of Uruguay and Argentina. The points in this sample resemble other Fell points in their general shape, straight and rounded shoulders, resharpening, and overall dimensions.
{"title":"Further Data on Fell Points from the Southern Cone of South America","authors":"H. G. Nami, Juan Yataco Capcha","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2020.1763721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2020.1763721","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Early projectile points frequently referred to as “fishtails” or “Fell” are found from northern Mesoamerica to the southern tip of South America. Becoming a widespread PaleoAmerican marker spanning ∼11,000–10,000 radiocarbon years ago, these points are found in the highest concentration in the Southern Cone of South America. To continue documenting and adding data on this topic, in this brief report we present morpho-technological observations on six specimens recently documented in the Republics of Uruguay and Argentina. The points in this sample resemble other Fell points in their general shape, straight and rounded shoulders, resharpening, and overall dimensions.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20555563.2020.1763721","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48421103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2019.1686849
J. Adovasio, T. Dillehay
ABSTRACT Recent research demonstrates that perishable industries – specifically including the manufacture of textiles, basketry, cordage, and netting – were a well-established, integral component of the Upper Paleolithic milieu in many parts of the Old World. Moreover, extant data suggest that not only were these synergistic technologies part and parcel of the armamentarium of the first migrants to the New World, but, also, that these technologies played critical, and hitherto, largely unappreciated roles in the ecological success of late Pleistocene populations, notably including the first South Americans. This paper examines the evidence for, and varied roles of, early plant fiber technology in highland and lowland South America and also examines the adaptive qualities, potential impacts on social organization, and alteration of food procurement strategies implicit in this fundamentally crucial series of interrelated industries.
{"title":"Perishable Technology and the Successful Peopling of South America","authors":"J. Adovasio, T. Dillehay","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2019.1686849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2019.1686849","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Recent research demonstrates that perishable industries – specifically including the manufacture of textiles, basketry, cordage, and netting – were a well-established, integral component of the Upper Paleolithic milieu in many parts of the Old World. Moreover, extant data suggest that not only were these synergistic technologies part and parcel of the armamentarium of the first migrants to the New World, but, also, that these technologies played critical, and hitherto, largely unappreciated roles in the ecological success of late Pleistocene populations, notably including the first South Americans. This paper examines the evidence for, and varied roles of, early plant fiber technology in highland and lowland South America and also examines the adaptive qualities, potential impacts on social organization, and alteration of food procurement strategies implicit in this fundamentally crucial series of interrelated industries.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20555563.2019.1686849","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49267395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2019.1684047
Daniel J. Rafuse, Agustina Massigoge
ABSTRACT Abrigo La Tinta (La Tinta Rockshelter) is located in the Tandilia mountain range of Argentina. The excavation of two test-pits during a survey revealed buried archaeological remains, including lithic artifacts, ceramic, mineral pigments, and charcoal. A charcoal fragment recovered in the deepest section of Test-pit 2, in association with quartzite and chert flakes, was dated in 10,414 ± 32 14C yr BP (12,408 to 12,041 cal yr BP), suggesting a late Pleistocene-early Holocene human occupation.
Abrigo La Tinta（La Tinta岩石避难所）位于阿根廷坦迪利亚山脉。在一次调查中，两个测试坑的挖掘揭示了埋藏的考古遗迹，包括石器时代的文物、陶瓷、矿物颜料和木炭。10414年，在2号测试坑最深处发现了一块木炭碎片，与石英岩和燧石薄片有关 ± 32 14C yr BP（12408至12041 cal yr BP），表明更新世晚期-全新世早期人类占领。
{"title":"Abrigo La Tinta: Preliminary Results of a New Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene Rockshelter from the Pampas Region (Tandilia Range), Argentina","authors":"Daniel J. Rafuse, Agustina Massigoge","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2019.1684047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2019.1684047","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Abrigo La Tinta (La Tinta Rockshelter) is located in the Tandilia mountain range of Argentina. The excavation of two test-pits during a survey revealed buried archaeological remains, including lithic artifacts, ceramic, mineral pigments, and charcoal. A charcoal fragment recovered in the deepest section of Test-pit 2, in association with quartzite and chert flakes, was dated in 10,414 ± 32 14C yr BP (12,408 to 12,041 cal yr BP), suggesting a late Pleistocene-early Holocene human occupation.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20555563.2019.1684047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46457077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT This special issue gathers some of the presentations that were part of different sessions of the 9th Simposio Internacional “El Hombre Temprano en América” (SIHTA), which took place during November 2018 in the city of Necochea, Argentina. These interesting researches deal with several issues including gender and social life, new early sites, early lithic technology, taphonomy, and reconstructions of paleoenvironments and spatial patterns. This Perspectives essay is a brief introduction to the papers that make up this special issue.
摘要：本期特刊汇集了2018年11月在阿根廷内科切亚市举行的第九届国际科学院“El Hombre Temprano en América”（SIHTA）不同会议的部分演讲。这些有趣的研究涉及几个问题，包括性别和社会生活、新的早期遗址、早期石器时代技术、洞穴学以及古环境和空间模式的重建。这篇观点文章是对组成本期特刊的论文的简要介绍。
{"title":"What is New about the Early Peopling of Central and South America?","authors":"Natalia Mazzia, Celeste Weitzel, Nora Flegenheimer","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2020.1758548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2020.1758548","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This special issue gathers some of the presentations that were part of different sessions of the 9th Simposio Internacional “El Hombre Temprano en América” (SIHTA), which took place during November 2018 in the city of Necochea, Argentina. These interesting researches deal with several issues including gender and social life, new early sites, early lithic technology, taphonomy, and reconstructions of paleoenvironments and spatial patterns. This Perspectives essay is a brief introduction to the papers that make up this special issue.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20555563.2020.1758548","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48065039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-12DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2020.1762408
E. Knell, Craig M. Lee
ABSTRACT Extant collections, such as those from the Lamb Spring site near Denver, Colorado, provide the opportunity to fine-tune existing chronologies through the application of new techniques. Here we present three newly obtained, high precision AMS radiocarbon dates – 9425 ± 20, 9445 ± 25, and 9470 ± 25 radiocarbon years BP (averaging 9443 radiocarbon years BP) – on bison killed by the site’s Cody complex inhabitants. These new dates are older than the previously reported ages from the Cody deposit and provide a more reliable assessment of the component’s age. Dietary stable carbon isotopes obtained on the dated samples suggest the bison kill (or kills) likely occurred during a time when warm-and-dry-tolerant C4 grasses were increasing relative to the previously dominant, cool-weather-tolerant C3 grasses.
{"title":"New Radiocarbon Dates from the Late Paleoindian Cody Complex Component at the Lamb Spring Site, Douglas County, Colorado","authors":"E. Knell, Craig M. Lee","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2020.1762408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2020.1762408","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Extant collections, such as those from the Lamb Spring site near Denver, Colorado, provide the opportunity to fine-tune existing chronologies through the application of new techniques. Here we present three newly obtained, high precision AMS radiocarbon dates – 9425 ± 20, 9445 ± 25, and 9470 ± 25 radiocarbon years BP (averaging 9443 radiocarbon years BP) – on bison killed by the site’s Cody complex inhabitants. These new dates are older than the previously reported ages from the Cody deposit and provide a more reliable assessment of the component’s age. Dietary stable carbon isotopes obtained on the dated samples suggest the bison kill (or kills) likely occurred during a time when warm-and-dry-tolerant C4 grasses were increasing relative to the previously dominant, cool-weather-tolerant C3 grasses.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20555563.2020.1762408","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48661338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-04DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2020.1758603
Óscar R. Solís-Torres, Guillermo Acosta-Ochoa, J. Arroyo‐Cabrales, Fabio Flores Granados
ABSTRACT The taphonomic analysis of fauna associated with early human occupations of Santa Marta Cave shows a high incidence of anthropogenic activity in the formation of the cave deposits, although other accumulators contributed to the formation processes. Our findings support subsistence strategies consisting of the exploitation of small- and medium-sized mammals, and aquatic species such as freshwater snails (Pachychilus sp.), swamp turtles (Kinosternon sp.), and crabs, indicating humid conditions favorable for the formation of bodies of water close to the rock shelter. The presence of a bone artifact was recorded, pointing to a bone industry supplementing the use of stone tools in the everyday activities of hunter-gatherer groups. As part of the taphonomic analysis, we explored the use of non-invasive hand-held X-ray fluorescence (XRF) on compact bone, including remains of vertebrates recovered from the stratigraphic sequence of the site, as well as of other recent animals and Homo sapiens.
{"title":"Taphonomic Analysis of the Pleistocene–Holocene Transition Faunal Assemblage from Santa Marta Cave, Chiapas","authors":"Óscar R. Solís-Torres, Guillermo Acosta-Ochoa, J. Arroyo‐Cabrales, Fabio Flores Granados","doi":"10.1080/20555563.2020.1758603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2020.1758603","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The taphonomic analysis of fauna associated with early human occupations of Santa Marta Cave shows a high incidence of anthropogenic activity in the formation of the cave deposits, although other accumulators contributed to the formation processes. Our findings support subsistence strategies consisting of the exploitation of small- and medium-sized mammals, and aquatic species such as freshwater snails (Pachychilus sp.), swamp turtles (Kinosternon sp.), and crabs, indicating humid conditions favorable for the formation of bodies of water close to the rock shelter. The presence of a bone artifact was recorded, pointing to a bone industry supplementing the use of stone tools in the everyday activities of hunter-gatherer groups. As part of the taphonomic analysis, we explored the use of non-invasive hand-held X-ray fluorescence (XRF) on compact bone, including remains of vertebrates recovered from the stratigraphic sequence of the site, as well as of other recent animals and Homo sapiens.","PeriodicalId":37319,"journal":{"name":"PaleoAmerica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20555563.2020.1758603","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43577375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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