Pub Date : 2022-01-28DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2021-13-4-64-76
А. N. Useinova*, S. P. Mar’yanenko, E. Egorova, N. L. Ivancova
Management of patients with an infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is accompanied by difficulties of early diagnosis, expensive treatment, and the lack of specific prevention. To date, 32,7 million people worldwide have died due to the HIV epidemic from Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). One of the most important directions, to enable monitoring of viral load and extend the life expectancy of patients with HIV is to have a sufficient number of HIV treatment options available at each stage of the disease, which increases the effectiveness of treatment and allows to avoid and/or minimize the side effects of medication.The objective of this work is to review the various directions in the development of new dosage forms antiretroviral agents based nanosystems (NS) as the drugs hahavereater efficacy for the prevention and treatment of HIV infection.
{"title":"Nanosystems for the delivery of antiretroviral drugs: opportunities, problems, and prospects","authors":"А. N. Useinova*, S. P. Mar’yanenko, E. Egorova, N. L. Ivancova","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2021-13-4-64-76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2021-13-4-64-76","url":null,"abstract":"Management of patients with an infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is accompanied by difficulties of early diagnosis, expensive treatment, and the lack of specific prevention. To date, 32,7 million people worldwide have died due to the HIV epidemic from Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). One of the most important directions, to enable monitoring of viral load and extend the life expectancy of patients with HIV is to have a sufficient number of HIV treatment options available at each stage of the disease, which increases the effectiveness of treatment and allows to avoid and/or minimize the side effects of medication.The objective of this work is to review the various directions in the development of new dosage forms antiretroviral agents based nanosystems (NS) as the drugs hahavereater efficacy for the prevention and treatment of HIV infection. ","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42917998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-28DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2021-13-4-38-44
A. Chernikov, L. F. Sklyar, O. A. Scaly, S. N. Beniova
Purpose: to characterize the epidemiological features of HIV infection in children in the Primorsky Territory and to analyze the results of vaccination against human papillomavirus in adolescents with HIV infection.Materials and methods. They instilled against HPV 52 HIV-infected teenagers. Three times 51 patients, two times — 1.Results. Three-fold monitoring of the level of CD4-lymphocytes and viral load (VL) of HIV was carried out before vaccination, 3 and 6 months after. In all 52 individuals, 6 months before the forthcoming vaccination, the level of CD4-lymphocytes ranged from 350 to 1925 cells in 1 ml (the average value was 857,5), VL was determined from 0 to 300 copies in 1 ml (with an average value of 64,6). During vaccination, the level of CD4-lymphocytes tended to increase and ranged from 350 to 1952 cells in 1 ml (the average value was 884,1), while the VL indices even decreased from 0 to 274 (with an average value of 53,9 copies per 1 ml). 6 months after the completed vaccination, all indicators also practically did not change: the level of CD4-lymphocytes was from 353 to 1955 cells in 1 ml (the average value was 844,5), VL from 0 to 302 (with an average value of 64,4 copies in 1 ml).Conclusion. Vaccination did not adversely affect the immune status of patients. No serious vaccine-related adverse events were observed.
{"title":"А pilot project on vaccination against HPV was implemented among HIVinfected adolescents in Primorsky Krai","authors":"A. Chernikov, L. F. Sklyar, O. A. Scaly, S. N. Beniova","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2021-13-4-38-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2021-13-4-38-44","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: to characterize the epidemiological features of HIV infection in children in the Primorsky Territory and to analyze the results of vaccination against human papillomavirus in adolescents with HIV infection.Materials and methods. They instilled against HPV 52 HIV-infected teenagers. Three times 51 patients, two times — 1.Results. Three-fold monitoring of the level of CD4-lymphocytes and viral load (VL) of HIV was carried out before vaccination, 3 and 6 months after. In all 52 individuals, 6 months before the forthcoming vaccination, the level of CD4-lymphocytes ranged from 350 to 1925 cells in 1 ml (the average value was 857,5), VL was determined from 0 to 300 copies in 1 ml (with an average value of 64,6). During vaccination, the level of CD4-lymphocytes tended to increase and ranged from 350 to 1952 cells in 1 ml (the average value was 884,1), while the VL indices even decreased from 0 to 274 (with an average value of 53,9 copies per 1 ml). 6 months after the completed vaccination, all indicators also practically did not change: the level of CD4-lymphocytes was from 353 to 1955 cells in 1 ml (the average value was 844,5), VL from 0 to 302 (with an average value of 64,4 copies in 1 ml).Conclusion. Vaccination did not adversely affect the immune status of patients. No serious vaccine-related adverse events were observed.","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42917767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-28DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2021-13-4-7-20
N. Belyakov, T. Trofimova, V. Rassokhin, M. Rybakova, B. B. Vasiliev
COVID-19, having not completed its epidemic development, gradually passes into the stage of prolonged diseases, which at the clinical level is designated as «postcovid syndrome». The symptomatology of these negative phenomena is quite diverse, covers the dysfunction of many organs and systems, and deserves the formulation of polymorphism of secondary and delayed complications. They are based on the consequences of the transferred acute phase of inflammation, systemic prolonged metabolic and structural disorders, including the studied genetic disorders. Possible causes of polymorphism of disorders and their manifestations in the postcovid period are considered.
{"title":"Postcovid syndrome — polymorphism of disorders in a new coronavirus infection","authors":"N. Belyakov, T. Trofimova, V. Rassokhin, M. Rybakova, B. B. Vasiliev","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2021-13-4-7-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2021-13-4-7-20","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19, having not completed its epidemic development, gradually passes into the stage of prolonged diseases, which at the clinical level is designated as «postcovid syndrome». The symptomatology of these negative phenomena is quite diverse, covers the dysfunction of many organs and systems, and deserves the formulation of polymorphism of secondary and delayed complications. They are based on the consequences of the transferred acute phase of inflammation, systemic prolonged metabolic and structural disorders, including the studied genetic disorders. Possible causes of polymorphism of disorders and their manifestations in the postcovid period are considered. ","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68331606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-28DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2021-13-4-21-32
M. Vetrova, E. Krupitsky, A. Trusova, S. Klimanova, O. G. Belova, V. Borovskaya, M. Irkhina, E. R. Ponomarev, O. Toussova, E. Blokhina
We conducted a systematic analysis of the studies, which utilized the methods of cognitive function assessment in Russianspeaking practice for the identification of cognitive impairments in patients with substance use disorder and HIV infection. We searched the relevant studies in the following electronic database: ELIBRARY, PubMed, Embase, and PsycInfo (searched in April 2020). We included articles published in the past 20 years (from 2000 to 2020). The literature review, data extraction, and presentation were conducted based on the PRISMA statement. The majority of the papers included cross-sectional studies. In the studies, they included patients with substance use disorder, the co-occurrence of HIV infection was not controlled as a potential confounder. Researchers applied qualitative or quantitative methods and their combination, as well as screening instruments. The most popular cognitive assessment methods in research among the Russian-speaking population included the following: Luria memory words test, Schulte table, WAIS subscales, and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The important future direction is the development of the standardized assessment specifically designed to use in patients with substance use disorder, including those who also live with HIV infection.
{"title":"Assessment of cognitive functions in individuals with substance use disorder and HIV","authors":"M. Vetrova, E. Krupitsky, A. Trusova, S. Klimanova, O. G. Belova, V. Borovskaya, M. Irkhina, E. R. Ponomarev, O. Toussova, E. Blokhina","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2021-13-4-21-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2021-13-4-21-32","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted a systematic analysis of the studies, which utilized the methods of cognitive function assessment in Russianspeaking practice for the identification of cognitive impairments in patients with substance use disorder and HIV infection. We searched the relevant studies in the following electronic database: ELIBRARY, PubMed, Embase, and PsycInfo (searched in April 2020). We included articles published in the past 20 years (from 2000 to 2020). The literature review, data extraction, and presentation were conducted based on the PRISMA statement. The majority of the papers included cross-sectional studies. In the studies, they included patients with substance use disorder, the co-occurrence of HIV infection was not controlled as a potential confounder. Researchers applied qualitative or quantitative methods and their combination, as well as screening instruments. The most popular cognitive assessment methods in research among the Russian-speaking population included the following: Luria memory words test, Schulte table, WAIS subscales, and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The important future direction is the development of the standardized assessment specifically designed to use in patients with substance use disorder, including those who also live with HIV infection.","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42800306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-28DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2021-13-4-96-100
E. Krasnova, G. S. Karpovich, D. Kapustin, I. V. Kuimova, I. Izvekova, E. N. Kibireva, A. Shestakov, S. G. Bychkov, E. P. Shilova, L. V. Poddubnaya
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a rare disease occurring mainly in immunocompromised patients. Currently, there is a steady increase in the number of patients with oncohematological diseases, autoimmune pathology, requiring new highly effective immunosuppressive therapy, however, HIV infection remains one of the main reasons for the development of immunosuppression. Despite the progress made in studying issues related to HIV infection, many problems, especially in relation to the course of this disease and secondary infections in children, remain unresolved. One of them is invasive mycosis, including PLA. The article presents a clinical observation of IPA in a 7-year-old patient with newly diagnosed HIV infection, demonstrates the difficulties of diagnosing and treating such conditions.
{"title":"Invasive pulmonary aspergilosis in a child with HIV infection","authors":"E. Krasnova, G. S. Karpovich, D. Kapustin, I. V. Kuimova, I. Izvekova, E. N. Kibireva, A. Shestakov, S. G. Bychkov, E. P. Shilova, L. V. Poddubnaya","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2021-13-4-96-100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2021-13-4-96-100","url":null,"abstract":"Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a rare disease occurring mainly in immunocompromised patients. Currently, there is a steady increase in the number of patients with oncohematological diseases, autoimmune pathology, requiring new highly effective immunosuppressive therapy, however, HIV infection remains one of the main reasons for the development of immunosuppression. Despite the progress made in studying issues related to HIV infection, many problems, especially in relation to the course of this disease and secondary infections in children, remain unresolved. One of them is invasive mycosis, including PLA. The article presents a clinical observation of IPA in a 7-year-old patient with newly diagnosed HIV infection, demonstrates the difficulties of diagnosing and treating such conditions. ","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49358135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-28DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2021-13-4-33-37
V. I. Sergevnin, M. V. Rozhkova, K. V. Ovchinnicov, E. Sarmometov
The research aimed to study the frequency of class G antibodies` formation to SARS-CoV-2 in HIV-infected patients in response to immunization with the Gam-COVID-Vac vaccine and the reactogenicity of the vaccine.Materials and methods. 36 HIV-infected and 38 HIV-negative volunteers were vaccinated. The inclusion criteria for patients were: age 18 years and older; absence of earlier disease COVID-19; negative test of the presence of RNA in a smear from the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal mucosa and IgG in blood serum to SARS-CoV-2, absence of contraindications, undetectable viral load. The number of CD4+ lymphocytes in the blood of HIV-infected people before vaccination was 520,0±9,6. It was used the two-dose vaccine Gam-COVID-Vac, developed by National Research Center named after N.F. Gamaliel. The interval between the administration of the vaccine was 24,2±0,5 days. The presence of IgG before vaccination and 44–54±0,6 days after the start of vaccination to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus was determined by enzyme immunoassay using the SARS-CoV-2-RBD-ELISA-Gamaleya test system. The positivity index (PI) was calculated for each test sample. The sample was considered positive at IP>1.Results. The presence of antibodies in HIV-infected patients was detected in 75,0% cases, in HIV-negative — in 92,1% cases, the arithmetic average of the positivity index was 10,3±1,9 in the observation group, 15,3±1,9 in the comparison group (c2=3,9; p=0,04). There are no postvaccinal complications registered in patients of both groups. The frequency of general reactions to the introduction of the first and (or) second components of the vaccine in the group of HIV-infected and HIV-negative did not differ and amounted to 8,3 and 13,2%, respectively. Local reactions among HIV-infected (in 19,4% of cases) were less common than among HIV-negative (in 47,4% of cases) (c2=6,4; p=0,01).Conclusion. Humoral immunity in response to immunization of Gam-COVID-Vac against SARS-CoV-2 in HIV-infected with minor immunosuppression is less pronounced than in HIV-negative. However, the production of postvaccinal class G immunoglobulins in HIV-infected patients in 75,0% of cases and the weak reactogenicity of the vaccine it is recommended for using in people living with HIV on the back of effective antiretroviral therapy.
{"title":"The frequency of class G immunoglobulins` formation to the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in immunization of HIV-infected patients with Gam-COVID-Vac vaccine and the reactogenicity of the vaccine","authors":"V. I. Sergevnin, M. V. Rozhkova, K. V. Ovchinnicov, E. Sarmometov","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2021-13-4-33-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2021-13-4-33-37","url":null,"abstract":"The research aimed to study the frequency of class G antibodies` formation to SARS-CoV-2 in HIV-infected patients in response to immunization with the Gam-COVID-Vac vaccine and the reactogenicity of the vaccine.Materials and methods. 36 HIV-infected and 38 HIV-negative volunteers were vaccinated. The inclusion criteria for patients were: age 18 years and older; absence of earlier disease COVID-19; negative test of the presence of RNA in a smear from the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal mucosa and IgG in blood serum to SARS-CoV-2, absence of contraindications, undetectable viral load. The number of CD4+ lymphocytes in the blood of HIV-infected people before vaccination was 520,0±9,6. It was used the two-dose vaccine Gam-COVID-Vac, developed by National Research Center named after N.F. Gamaliel. The interval between the administration of the vaccine was 24,2±0,5 days. The presence of IgG before vaccination and 44–54±0,6 days after the start of vaccination to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus was determined by enzyme immunoassay using the SARS-CoV-2-RBD-ELISA-Gamaleya test system. The positivity index (PI) was calculated for each test sample. The sample was considered positive at IP>1.Results. The presence of antibodies in HIV-infected patients was detected in 75,0% cases, in HIV-negative — in 92,1% cases, the arithmetic average of the positivity index was 10,3±1,9 in the observation group, 15,3±1,9 in the comparison group (c2=3,9; p=0,04). There are no postvaccinal complications registered in patients of both groups. The frequency of general reactions to the introduction of the first and (or) second components of the vaccine in the group of HIV-infected and HIV-negative did not differ and amounted to 8,3 and 13,2%, respectively. Local reactions among HIV-infected (in 19,4% of cases) were less common than among HIV-negative (in 47,4% of cases) (c2=6,4; p=0,01).Conclusion. Humoral immunity in response to immunization of Gam-COVID-Vac against SARS-CoV-2 in HIV-infected with minor immunosuppression is less pronounced than in HIV-negative. However, the production of postvaccinal class G immunoglobulins in HIV-infected patients in 75,0% of cases and the weak reactogenicity of the vaccine it is recommended for using in people living with HIV on the back of effective antiretroviral therapy. ","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47294081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-28DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2021-13-4-90-95
V. Pastushenkov, Y. A. Mitin, S. Dudnikov, K. V. Shedova, D. Valutite, T. Emanuel
Data describing the effects of ultrasound upon blood serum biological objects are analyzed in the paper. Biophysical as well as medical aspects of tissue reactions caused by ultrasound are considered in fine detail including the immune complexes’ dissociation processes accompanied by releasing of antibodies and antigens that used to be present in bound form and have been inaccessible for revelation using laboratory tests. The prospects of using ultrasonic techniques in laboratory diagnostics are presented using HIV infection as an example.
{"title":"Ultrasonic disintegration of circulating immune complexes is a clinical innovation laboratory diagnostics of infectious diseases","authors":"V. Pastushenkov, Y. A. Mitin, S. Dudnikov, K. V. Shedova, D. Valutite, T. Emanuel","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2021-13-4-90-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2021-13-4-90-95","url":null,"abstract":"Data describing the effects of ultrasound upon blood serum biological objects are analyzed in the paper. Biophysical as well as medical aspects of tissue reactions caused by ultrasound are considered in fine detail including the immune complexes’ dissociation processes accompanied by releasing of antibodies and antigens that used to be present in bound form and have been inaccessible for revelation using laboratory tests. The prospects of using ultrasonic techniques in laboratory diagnostics are presented using HIV infection as an example. ","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44998738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-24DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2021-13-3-7-23
N. Belyakov, N. B. Khalezova, E. Boyeva, V. Rassokhin, O. Y. Simakina, N. Neznanov
During the COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) pandemic, the world medical community has done a tremendous job to find effective treatment and methods for preventing the disease. The experience accumulated earlier in the fight against COVID-19 (MERS, SARS-CoV, etc.) has made it possible in the shortest possible time to develop a long-awaited method for the specific prevention of COVID-19, based on a large number of effective and safe vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, which were adopted society is ambiguous. Fear of high contagiousness and mortality from COVID-19 has been replaced by anxiety about the need and benefits of vaccination. The abundance and easy accessibility of information, as well as the contradictory points of view in various sources of non-professional information, gave rise to new misconceptions and provided resources for the actions of dissident movements.This paper provides a generalized analysis of the results of the vaccination campaign against COVID-19, examines the factors that influence the success of achieving population immunity. Particular attention is paid to social and psychological barriers among the population that prevent the widespread use of vaccines against COVID-19, the COVID dissident movement, the manipulative beliefs of the anti-vaccination community that can affect the implementation of preventive measures against the disease.
{"title":"Social and psychological problems of population vaccination against COVID-19","authors":"N. Belyakov, N. B. Khalezova, E. Boyeva, V. Rassokhin, O. Y. Simakina, N. Neznanov","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2021-13-3-7-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2021-13-3-7-23","url":null,"abstract":"During the COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) pandemic, the world medical community has done a tremendous job to find effective treatment and methods for preventing the disease. The experience accumulated earlier in the fight against COVID-19 (MERS, SARS-CoV, etc.) has made it possible in the shortest possible time to develop a long-awaited method for the specific prevention of COVID-19, based on a large number of effective and safe vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, which were adopted society is ambiguous. Fear of high contagiousness and mortality from COVID-19 has been replaced by anxiety about the need and benefits of vaccination. The abundance and easy accessibility of information, as well as the contradictory points of view in various sources of non-professional information, gave rise to new misconceptions and provided resources for the actions of dissident movements.This paper provides a generalized analysis of the results of the vaccination campaign against COVID-19, examines the factors that influence the success of achieving population immunity. Particular attention is paid to social and psychological barriers among the population that prevent the widespread use of vaccines against COVID-19, the COVID dissident movement, the manipulative beliefs of the anti-vaccination community that can affect the implementation of preventive measures against the disease.","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43510513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-24DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2021-13-3-81-95
D. Glazkova, E. V. Bogoslovskaya, G. Shipulin, S. Yudin
Antibodies with neutralizing activity against a wide range of human immunodeficiency virus 1 subtypes (known as broadly neutralizing antibodies — bNAb) are of great interest as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of HIV infection, because they are able to provide natural protection against most HIV-1 strains. The review discusses the mechanisms of formation of bNAbs, their classification by binding to conservative regions of the envelope protein, as well as their intrinsic features. Description of the most promising bNAbs and their combinations is presented.In the last section the results of clinical trials of 3BNC117, VRC01 and 10-1074 bNAbs available to date are reviewed in detail. An important finding of these studies was that the introduction of a single antibody is followed by the appearance of resistant viral variants. The investigation of the only combination of 3BNC117 and 10-1074 completed so far indicates that combined therapy is more effective and allows to achieve long-term viral suppression in some patients. The promise of combined HIV immunotherapy is evidenced by the initiation of a large number of clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of two or more different bNAbs.
{"title":"Broadly neutralizing antibodies for the treatment of HIV infection","authors":"D. Glazkova, E. V. Bogoslovskaya, G. Shipulin, S. Yudin","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2021-13-3-81-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2021-13-3-81-95","url":null,"abstract":"Antibodies with neutralizing activity against a wide range of human immunodeficiency virus 1 subtypes (known as broadly neutralizing antibodies — bNAb) are of great interest as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of HIV infection, because they are able to provide natural protection against most HIV-1 strains. The review discusses the mechanisms of formation of bNAbs, their classification by binding to conservative regions of the envelope protein, as well as their intrinsic features. Description of the most promising bNAbs and their combinations is presented.In the last section the results of clinical trials of 3BNC117, VRC01 and 10-1074 bNAbs available to date are reviewed in detail. An important finding of these studies was that the introduction of a single antibody is followed by the appearance of resistant viral variants. The investigation of the only combination of 3BNC117 and 10-1074 completed so far indicates that combined therapy is more effective and allows to achieve long-term viral suppression in some patients. The promise of combined HIV immunotherapy is evidenced by the initiation of a large number of clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of two or more different bNAbs.","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47626866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-24DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2021-13-3-24-29
Д. Ю. Рузанов, I. Stoma
The COVID-19 pandemic has been going on for more than a year and a half, and the number of confirmed cases of infection in the world has already exceeded 150 million people. The multisystemic nature of the lesions in COVID-19, as well as the Post-COVID- 19 syndrome, has been proven, which requires a rethinking of the rehabilitation of such patients. This lecture discusses current approaches to medical rehabilitation in patients with COVID-19 from the view of an infectious disease specialist and a pulmonologist. Methods and exercises of respiratory rehabilitation, including early ones, are indicated in detail. The directions of pharmacological and dietary support of rehabilitation, as well as vaccination after COVID-19 in the aspect of rehabilitation are presented. The directions of studying the human respiratory microbiome in the context of rehabilitation after COVID-19 are proposed.
{"title":"Rehabilitation of patients with COVID-19: the view of an infectious disease specialist and a pulmonologist","authors":"Д. Ю. Рузанов, I. Stoma","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2021-13-3-24-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2021-13-3-24-29","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has been going on for more than a year and a half, and the number of confirmed cases of infection in the world has already exceeded 150 million people. The multisystemic nature of the lesions in COVID-19, as well as the Post-COVID- 19 syndrome, has been proven, which requires a rethinking of the rehabilitation of such patients. This lecture discusses current approaches to medical rehabilitation in patients with COVID-19 from the view of an infectious disease specialist and a pulmonologist. Methods and exercises of respiratory rehabilitation, including early ones, are indicated in detail. The directions of pharmacological and dietary support of rehabilitation, as well as vaccination after COVID-19 in the aspect of rehabilitation are presented. The directions of studying the human respiratory microbiome in the context of rehabilitation after COVID-19 are proposed.","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44312069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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