Pub Date : 2023-02-27DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-4-93-97
E. D. Lyutsova, V. Gadzhovska, M. Gospodinova, D. Radkova
Shingles is an infectious disease, caused by the reactivation of the Varicella Zoster Virus, which can be commonly seen in elderly persons. Disseminated and visceral forms are observed in immunocompromised individuals. Our case report presents Herpes Zoster in immunocompromised patient due to chronic lymphocytic leukemia with oculocutaneus albinism complicated with sepsis and pneumonia. The diagnosis and treatment were made in accurate and timely manner, so the patient was cured successfully. We discuss the necessity of the proper genetic testing of albinism, which leads to its appropriate prophylaxis and treatment; also we consider the potential of specific anti-Varicella Zoster Virus immunoprophylaxis in the modern era.
{"title":"Disseminated form of herpes zoster in an immunocompromised patient with oculocutaneous albinism","authors":"E. D. Lyutsova, V. Gadzhovska, M. Gospodinova, D. Radkova","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-4-93-97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-4-93-97","url":null,"abstract":"Shingles is an infectious disease, caused by the reactivation of the Varicella Zoster Virus, which can be commonly seen in elderly persons. Disseminated and visceral forms are observed in immunocompromised individuals. Our case report presents Herpes Zoster in immunocompromised patient due to chronic lymphocytic leukemia with oculocutaneus albinism complicated with sepsis and pneumonia. The diagnosis and treatment were made in accurate and timely manner, so the patient was cured successfully. We discuss the necessity of the proper genetic testing of albinism, which leads to its appropriate prophylaxis and treatment; also we consider the potential of specific anti-Varicella Zoster Virus immunoprophylaxis in the modern era.","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49185452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-24DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-4-7-20
I. Ulyukin, V. Rassokhin, E. S. Orlova, A. Sechin
The review analyzes the distribution, clinical manifestations and complications of monkeypox in humans with an emphasis on neuropsychiatric disorders that are important for human socialization and the necessary medical and social interventions in order to maintain a regime of sanitary well-being in society.
{"title":"Epidemiological features and psychoneurological disorders In humans caused by exposure to the monkeypox virus","authors":"I. Ulyukin, V. Rassokhin, E. S. Orlova, A. Sechin","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-4-7-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-4-7-20","url":null,"abstract":"The review analyzes the distribution, clinical manifestations and complications of monkeypox in humans with an emphasis on neuropsychiatric disorders that are important for human socialization and the necessary medical and social interventions in order to maintain a regime of sanitary well-being in society.","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44892407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-24DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-4-36-40
M. Kolarova-Dimitrova
Introduction. Seafarers face many occupational, health and psychosocial problems on a daily basis. Maritime as a profession has a special combination of conditions that have a strong impact on the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STIs) and make prevention programs difficult to succeed.Objective. To study the attitudes towards sharing and attitudes towards HIV-positive people among seafarers in the workplace.Material and methods. 100 persons practicing the maritime profession were surveyed using an anonymous questionnaire, approved by the Commission on Scientific Ethics at the Medical University — Varna.The results were statistically processed with SPSS v. 20.0, using variation, comparison and correlation analyzes.Results and discussion. Most of the respondents have sufficient experience in their profession, have higher education and have an equal distribution in deck and machine command (41% each), 18% are from the executive staff. All respondents are adamant that they would share the result of the HIV test with their family or partner, with only 24.0% stating that they would share the positive result with colleagues and 26.0% with the employer. We found a significant difference (c2 39.47; p<0.001) and a moderate dependence (r=0.34; p=0.001) on the behavior of respondents regarding the sharing of the positive result of the HIV test with members of their professional environment (colleagues and managers).The sailors are afraid to work with HIV-seropositive colleagues because their knowledge about the prevalence, risk factors and perceptions about the transmission and prevention of HIV infection have a lot of gaps.Conclusion. Despite training from unions, medical organizations and governments, the dreaded myths about HIV/AIDS persist. The degree of ignorance of the reality around HIV/AIDS is directly proportional to the stigmatization of the problem.
{"title":"Sailors’ fear of the stigma of HIV/AIDS","authors":"M. Kolarova-Dimitrova","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-4-36-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-4-36-40","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Seafarers face many occupational, health and psychosocial problems on a daily basis. Maritime as a profession has a special combination of conditions that have a strong impact on the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STIs) and make prevention programs difficult to succeed.Objective. To study the attitudes towards sharing and attitudes towards HIV-positive people among seafarers in the workplace.Material and methods. 100 persons practicing the maritime profession were surveyed using an anonymous questionnaire, approved by the Commission on Scientific Ethics at the Medical University — Varna.The results were statistically processed with SPSS v. 20.0, using variation, comparison and correlation analyzes.Results and discussion. Most of the respondents have sufficient experience in their profession, have higher education and have an equal distribution in deck and machine command (41% each), 18% are from the executive staff. All respondents are adamant that they would share the result of the HIV test with their family or partner, with only 24.0% stating that they would share the positive result with colleagues and 26.0% with the employer. We found a significant difference (c2 39.47; p<0.001) and a moderate dependence (r=0.34; p=0.001) on the behavior of respondents regarding the sharing of the positive result of the HIV test with members of their professional environment (colleagues and managers).The sailors are afraid to work with HIV-seropositive colleagues because their knowledge about the prevalence, risk factors and perceptions about the transmission and prevention of HIV infection have a lot of gaps.Conclusion. Despite training from unions, medical organizations and governments, the dreaded myths about HIV/AIDS persist. The degree of ignorance of the reality around HIV/AIDS is directly proportional to the stigmatization of the problem.","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42919561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-24DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-4-67-72
J. O. Rodríguez Velásquez, E. Prieto, C. E. Pérez Díaz, C. A. Valdés Cadena, G. F. Bulla, F. A. Barrios Arroyave, N. López, F. López
Objective. To predict the amount of CD4+/μL3 in sequences of patient records with CD4 T lymphocyte values above 500 cells/μL3 and / or between 200 to 500 cells/μL3 from the absolute leukocyte count in the context of the theory of probability.Materials and methods. Two mathematical inductions were performed to find predictive mathematical relationships for CD4+/μL3 when they are above 500 cells/μL3 and between 200 to 500 cells/μL3, from the absolute count of leukocytes. Subsequently, the probability of success of the predictions was calculated, two blind studies were performed on 80 remaining data, and sensitivity and specificity were calculated for both cases.Results and discussion. If there are more than three records in time per patient, and these are above 500 CD4/μL3 cells or between 200 to 500 CD4/μL3 cells, finding that the absolute leukocyte count has a greater or equal value to three and lower to 4 for all the records, the following record will be maintained with a measurement of CD4 lymphocytes>500 or between [200, 500], if in the absolute count of leukocytes of the patient sequences a value of four is observed and CD4+ ranges from 200 to 500 cells/μL3, it can be deduced that there will be at least one measurement of CD4 +>500 cells/μL3 associated with a leukocyte measurement / μL3 greater than 3.7.Conclusions. We established two temporal mathematical patterns capable of predicting the CD4+/μL3 count from the absolute leukocyte count.
{"title":"Prediction of CD4+ ranges based on the total number of leukocytes in people living with HIV","authors":"J. O. Rodríguez Velásquez, E. Prieto, C. E. Pérez Díaz, C. A. Valdés Cadena, G. F. Bulla, F. A. Barrios Arroyave, N. López, F. López","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-4-67-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-4-67-72","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To predict the amount of CD4+/μL3 in sequences of patient records with CD4 T lymphocyte values above 500 cells/μL3 and / or between 200 to 500 cells/μL3 from the absolute leukocyte count in the context of the theory of probability.Materials and methods. Two mathematical inductions were performed to find predictive mathematical relationships for CD4+/μL3 when they are above 500 cells/μL3 and between 200 to 500 cells/μL3, from the absolute count of leukocytes. Subsequently, the probability of success of the predictions was calculated, two blind studies were performed on 80 remaining data, and sensitivity and specificity were calculated for both cases.Results and discussion. If there are more than three records in time per patient, and these are above 500 CD4/μL3 cells or between 200 to 500 CD4/μL3 cells, finding that the absolute leukocyte count has a greater or equal value to three and lower to 4 for all the records, the following record will be maintained with a measurement of CD4 lymphocytes>500 or between [200, 500], if in the absolute count of leukocytes of the patient sequences a value of four is observed and CD4+ ranges from 200 to 500 cells/μL3, it can be deduced that there will be at least one measurement of CD4 +>500 cells/μL3 associated with a leukocyte measurement / μL3 greater than 3.7.Conclusions. We established two temporal mathematical patterns capable of predicting the CD4+/μL3 count from the absolute leukocyte count.","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46052011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-24DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-4-80-86
C. Petrov, О. N. Novitskaya
Objective. On the basis of own material determine the role of radical surgery methods in treating tubercular formations of the brain in HIV-infected patients.Materials and Methods. Studied: statistical forms of the SSPB of the IOKB from 2008 to 2020, FTBPR data from 2017 to 2020, nature of the disease in 56, long-term disease dynamics — in 8, the autopsy material of 331 dead and the biopsy — 9 patients operated on with central nervous system damage (CNS).Results and Discussion. The number of patients with tuberculous meningoencephalitis increases in the structure of in-patient facilities, case-fatality rate among them grows. Need for neurosurgical care among the survivors is 25%. Long-term monitoring of operatively treated patients shows their higher survival rate, significant clinical effect of surgery, lengthening of life, increase of CD4 lymphocytes by 2,7 times in 3,5 years after the surgery. Formation of restrictive processes around tuberculous lesion in CNS was noted when taking ART with low immune status.Conclusion. Radical removal of tubercular formations of CNS in HIV is reasonable.
{"title":"Place of radical surgery in tuberculosis treatment of central nervous system in combination with HIV infection","authors":"C. Petrov, О. N. Novitskaya","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-4-80-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-4-80-86","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. On the basis of own material determine the role of radical surgery methods in treating tubercular formations of the brain in HIV-infected patients.Materials and Methods. Studied: statistical forms of the SSPB of the IOKB from 2008 to 2020, FTBPR data from 2017 to 2020, nature of the disease in 56, long-term disease dynamics — in 8, the autopsy material of 331 dead and the biopsy — 9 patients operated on with central nervous system damage (CNS).Results and Discussion. The number of patients with tuberculous meningoencephalitis increases in the structure of in-patient facilities, case-fatality rate among them grows. Need for neurosurgical care among the survivors is 25%. Long-term monitoring of operatively treated patients shows their higher survival rate, significant clinical effect of surgery, lengthening of life, increase of CD4 lymphocytes by 2,7 times in 3,5 years after the surgery. Formation of restrictive processes around tuberculous lesion in CNS was noted when taking ART with low immune status.Conclusion. Radical removal of tubercular formations of CNS in HIV is reasonable.","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49198903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-24DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-4-41-48
E. A. Belashov, A. Isakov, V. Zinserling
Objective. Evaluation of different options for the formulation of a pathoanatomical diagnosis in the combined course of HIV infection and a new coronavirus infection COVID19Materials and methods. The study included the protocols of clinical autopsies performed at the S. P. Botkin Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital from March 2020 to September 2021, with the simultaneous diagnosis of HIV infection and the new coronavirus infection COVID19.Results and discussion. Among the secondary diseases in HIV infection in combination with a new coronavirus infection, no significant difference was found in comparison with HIV monoinfection. On the part of the new coronavirus infection, no relationship was found between the course of the infection and the manifestations of secondary diseases in HIV infection. In cases with a protracted new coronavirus infection against the background of a mild HIV infection, the dominant disease in thanatogenesis is COVID-19. In the presence of severe secondary diseases of HIV infection, it acts as the main infection. In cases of the presence of other competing diseases in PAD, they play a leading role in thanatogenesis, or have a significant impact on the course of the disease.Conclusion. Based on the analysis of autopsy protocols with the simultaneous diagnosis of HIV infection and the new coronavirus infection COVID19, various options for the formulation of pathoanatomical diagnosis and encryption of observations are justified
{"title":"Combination of new coronavirus infection and HIV infection","authors":"E. A. Belashov, A. Isakov, V. Zinserling","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-4-41-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-4-41-48","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. Evaluation of different options for the formulation of a pathoanatomical diagnosis in the combined course of HIV infection and a new coronavirus infection COVID19Materials and methods. The study included the protocols of clinical autopsies performed at the S. P. Botkin Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital from March 2020 to September 2021, with the simultaneous diagnosis of HIV infection and the new coronavirus infection COVID19.Results and discussion. Among the secondary diseases in HIV infection in combination with a new coronavirus infection, no significant difference was found in comparison with HIV monoinfection. On the part of the new coronavirus infection, no relationship was found between the course of the infection and the manifestations of secondary diseases in HIV infection. In cases with a protracted new coronavirus infection against the background of a mild HIV infection, the dominant disease in thanatogenesis is COVID-19. In the presence of severe secondary diseases of HIV infection, it acts as the main infection. In cases of the presence of other competing diseases in PAD, they play a leading role in thanatogenesis, or have a significant impact on the course of the disease.Conclusion. Based on the analysis of autopsy protocols with the simultaneous diagnosis of HIV infection and the new coronavirus infection COVID19, various options for the formulation of pathoanatomical diagnosis and encryption of observations are justified","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48611454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-24DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-4-29-35
E. Tsybikova
Objective. Analysis of the main epidemiological indicators characterizing the situation of tuberculosis combined with HIV infection in Russia during the period before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Materials and methods. Information from Federal Statistical Observation Forms No. 8, No. 33 and No. 61 for 2012–2021. Rosstat data on the number of patients who died from tuberculosis and HIV infection, and the average annual population of Russia, for 2011–2021. Information from the Federal statistical Observation form No. 30 on the population of Russia covered by screening aimed at early detection of tuberculosis for the period from 2018 to 2021.Results and discussion. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a noticeable impact on the implementation of the Tuberculosis Eradication Program in Russia in less than two years, breaking the 10-year stable rate of decline in tuberculosis morbidity and mortality. The reduction in screening time during the pandemic led to an increase in the number of people with common forms of tuberculosis, which could have been sources of tuberculosis infection among the population for a long time, and especially among people infected with HIV infection. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the proportion of patients with tuberculosis combined with HIV infection increased in the structure of the incidence of tuberculosis and HIV infection. Treatment of patients with HIV infection combined with tuberculosis with multiple and broad resistance of the pathogen is of considerable complexity and creates a high risk of death and an increase in mortality among patients of this group.
{"title":"Tuberculosis combined with HIV infection in Russia in the period before — and during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"E. Tsybikova","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-4-29-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-4-29-35","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. Analysis of the main epidemiological indicators characterizing the situation of tuberculosis combined with HIV infection in Russia during the period before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Materials and methods. Information from Federal Statistical Observation Forms No. 8, No. 33 and No. 61 for 2012–2021. Rosstat data on the number of patients who died from tuberculosis and HIV infection, and the average annual population of Russia, for 2011–2021. Information from the Federal statistical Observation form No. 30 on the population of Russia covered by screening aimed at early detection of tuberculosis for the period from 2018 to 2021.Results and discussion. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a noticeable impact on the implementation of the Tuberculosis Eradication Program in Russia in less than two years, breaking the 10-year stable rate of decline in tuberculosis morbidity and mortality. The reduction in screening time during the pandemic led to an increase in the number of people with common forms of tuberculosis, which could have been sources of tuberculosis infection among the population for a long time, and especially among people infected with HIV infection. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the proportion of patients with tuberculosis combined with HIV infection increased in the structure of the incidence of tuberculosis and HIV infection. Treatment of patients with HIV infection combined with tuberculosis with multiple and broad resistance of the pathogen is of considerable complexity and creates a high risk of death and an increase in mortality among patients of this group.","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47463924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-24DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-4-59-66
O. E. Pobegalova, N. V. Kozmovskaya, N. Monakhov, A. Kholodnaya, D. Danilenko, T. V. Antonova, A. D. Lioznov
Objective. To assess the time-related changes in the titer of virus neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with HIV infection within 6 months after experienced COVID-19, and to identify factors associated with the intensity and duration of the natural humoral immune response.Materials and Methods. А prospective study was performed in 102 HIV-infected patients who had COVID-19 without previous vaccination, the titer of virus neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 was identified by microneutralization assay using the standard method, the follow-up period was 6 months. Patients were enrolled in St. Petersburg from October 2020 to January 2022. The possible impact of clinical and laboratory characteristics of HIV infection and the severity of COVID-19 on antibody titer was assessed.Results and discussion. А high antibody titer (>1:160) was detected at 1 month in 15 patients (14.7%), at 3 months — in 5 of 44 patients; at 6 months — in 3 of 26 patients. There was a statistically significant positive correlation of the titer at 1 month with an undetectable HIV viral load and the Cd4+lymphocytes count in the blood. Cases of a late increase in antibody titer (after 3 and 6 months) were registered without COVID-19 re-infection along with improvement of the immune status on antiretroviral therapy.Conclusion. А low incidence of effective humoral immune response 1 month after COVID-19 infection was demonstrated in HIV-infected patients without vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Single cases of delay in antibody titer increase with an immune status improvement were observed.
{"title":"Time-related changes in the titer of virus neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 after COVID-19 in patients with HIV infection","authors":"O. E. Pobegalova, N. V. Kozmovskaya, N. Monakhov, A. Kholodnaya, D. Danilenko, T. V. Antonova, A. D. Lioznov","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-4-59-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-4-59-66","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To assess the time-related changes in the titer of virus neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with HIV infection within 6 months after experienced COVID-19, and to identify factors associated with the intensity and duration of the natural humoral immune response.Materials and Methods. А prospective study was performed in 102 HIV-infected patients who had COVID-19 without previous vaccination, the titer of virus neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 was identified by microneutralization assay using the standard method, the follow-up period was 6 months. Patients were enrolled in St. Petersburg from October 2020 to January 2022. The possible impact of clinical and laboratory characteristics of HIV infection and the severity of COVID-19 on antibody titer was assessed.Results and discussion. А high antibody titer (>1:160) was detected at 1 month in 15 patients (14.7%), at 3 months — in 5 of 44 patients; at 6 months — in 3 of 26 patients. There was a statistically significant positive correlation of the titer at 1 month with an undetectable HIV viral load and the Cd4+lymphocytes count in the blood. Cases of a late increase in antibody titer (after 3 and 6 months) were registered without COVID-19 re-infection along with improvement of the immune status on antiretroviral therapy.Conclusion. А low incidence of effective humoral immune response 1 month after COVID-19 infection was demonstrated in HIV-infected patients without vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Single cases of delay in antibody titer increase with an immune status improvement were observed.","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46731231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-24DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-4-21-28
M. G. Laseeva, T. Vlasova, S. Y. Dvoretskova
Objective. To study the causes of virological inefficiency of ART and to analyze the prevalence of mutations of resistance to ART drugs among HIV-infected patients, who lives in the Republic of Mordovia and receiving ART.Materials and methods. We studied 37 blood tests with detectable viral load from HIV-infected patients receiving observation in the GBUZ RM «MRTSPBSPID», taking ART for more than 24 weeks. We The evaluated patient’s adherence to treatment. The analysis for drug resistance was performed by genotyping, using HIV-Resist-Seg diagnostic test systems, (the Federal State Budgetary Institution of the Central Research Institute of Rospotrebnadzor, Russia). Statistical data processing (c2 calculation) StatSoft, Inc. (2011), STATISTICA, Russia.Results and discussion: in the group of patients with mutations of resistance to antiretroviral drugs, mutations of pharmacological resistance to drugs of two and three groups are most often determined (in 87.5% of cases). The number and frequency of genetic aberrations in general did not depend on the number of already approved treatment regimens. At the same time, in patients with two or more changes of ART regimens in the anamnesis, the occurrence of mutations of drug resistance to IP was significantly higher than in HIV-infected patients with one ART regimen.Conclusion: in the Republic of Mordovia, virological inefficiency is associated equally with both a violation of ART intake (poor adherence) and the development of pharmacoresistance. It is important to determine the drug resistance of HIV in patients receiving ART.
目标。研究抗逆转录病毒治疗在病毒学上无效的原因，并分析生活在摩尔多瓦共和国并接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的艾滋病毒感染患者对抗逆转录病毒治疗药物耐药突变的发生率。材料和方法。我们研究了在GBUZ RM«MRTSPBSPID»中接受观察的hiv感染患者的37项血液检测，这些患者接受抗逆转录病毒治疗超过24周。我们评估了患者对治疗的依从性。耐药性分析采用hiv - resistance - seg诊断测试系统(俄罗斯Rospotrebnadzor中央研究所联邦国家预算机构)通过基因分型进行。统计数据处理(c2计算)StatSoft, Inc. (2011)， STATISTICA，俄罗斯。结果与讨论:在抗逆转录病毒药物耐药突变患者组中，最常确定的是2组和3组的药物耐药突变(占87.5%)。一般来说，基因畸变的数量和频率并不取决于已经批准的治疗方案的数量。同时，在记忆期两次或两次以上改变ART方案的患者中，IP耐药突变的发生率明显高于只改变一次ART方案的hiv感染者。结论:在摩尔多瓦共和国，病毒学效率低下与违反抗逆转录病毒治疗(依从性差)和耐药性的产生同样相关。确定接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的患者的艾滋病毒耐药性非常重要。
{"title":"The prevalence of drug resistance to antiretroviral therapy in the Republic of Mordovia","authors":"M. G. Laseeva, T. Vlasova, S. Y. Dvoretskova","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-4-21-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-4-21-28","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To study the causes of virological inefficiency of ART and to analyze the prevalence of mutations of resistance to ART drugs among HIV-infected patients, who lives in the Republic of Mordovia and receiving ART.Materials and methods. We studied 37 blood tests with detectable viral load from HIV-infected patients receiving observation in the GBUZ RM «MRTSPBSPID», taking ART for more than 24 weeks. We The evaluated patient’s adherence to treatment. The analysis for drug resistance was performed by genotyping, using HIV-Resist-Seg diagnostic test systems, (the Federal State Budgetary Institution of the Central Research Institute of Rospotrebnadzor, Russia). Statistical data processing (c2 calculation) StatSoft, Inc. (2011), STATISTICA, Russia.Results and discussion: in the group of patients with mutations of resistance to antiretroviral drugs, mutations of pharmacological resistance to drugs of two and three groups are most often determined (in 87.5% of cases). The number and frequency of genetic aberrations in general did not depend on the number of already approved treatment regimens. At the same time, in patients with two or more changes of ART regimens in the anamnesis, the occurrence of mutations of drug resistance to IP was significantly higher than in HIV-infected patients with one ART regimen.Conclusion: in the Republic of Mordovia, virological inefficiency is associated equally with both a violation of ART intake (poor adherence) and the development of pharmacoresistance. It is important to determine the drug resistance of HIV in patients receiving ART.","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48106273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-24DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-4-73-79
A. N. Barinova, A. Lebedeva, N. Ladnaya, E. Zaytseva, S. L. Plavinskii
Introduction. Social determinants of health are often a major topic for syndemic research. This is consistent with the fundamental idea of syndemic conditions that share common social factors and bio-social interactions. One of the earliest syndemies was the reported abuse of psychoactive substances in the United States, the experience of victimization from interpersonal violence and HIV infection (SAVA).The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of SAVA syndrome and its relationship with risk factors for HIV infection in key groups — female sex workers (SW). Materials and methods. The analysis is based on data from a biobehavioral study carried out in 4 cities of the Russian Federation and involving 817 SWs (time-place sampling). The study included a questionnaire survey and determination of HIV status.Results and discussion. The prevalence of SAVA syndemics in the groups of SWs and MSM was relatively low because of relatively low (in comparison with IDUs) prevalence of HIV infection. Full syndemics occurred in 1.27%, [95% CI=0.30–2.24%] female sex workers. Incomplete syndemics (excluding HIV infection from definition) was detected in 7.31%, [95% CI=4.59–10.02%] of SW.SWs who were physically and sexually abused had HIV infection in 16.7% of cases, only physically abused — in 10% of cases, while among those who denied violence against them — only 6.5%.
{"title":"Syndrome of substance abuse, violence and HIV-infection/AIDS (SAVA) and some related factors among sex workers in 4 cities in Russian Federation","authors":"A. N. Barinova, A. Lebedeva, N. Ladnaya, E. Zaytseva, S. L. Plavinskii","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-4-73-79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-4-73-79","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Social determinants of health are often a major topic for syndemic research. This is consistent with the fundamental idea of syndemic conditions that share common social factors and bio-social interactions. One of the earliest syndemies was the reported abuse of psychoactive substances in the United States, the experience of victimization from interpersonal violence and HIV infection (SAVA).The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of SAVA syndrome and its relationship with risk factors for HIV infection in key groups — female sex workers (SW). Materials and methods. The analysis is based on data from a biobehavioral study carried out in 4 cities of the Russian Federation and involving 817 SWs (time-place sampling). The study included a questionnaire survey and determination of HIV status.Results and discussion. The prevalence of SAVA syndemics in the groups of SWs and MSM was relatively low because of relatively low (in comparison with IDUs) prevalence of HIV infection. Full syndemics occurred in 1.27%, [95% CI=0.30–2.24%] female sex workers. Incomplete syndemics (excluding HIV infection from definition) was detected in 7.31%, [95% CI=4.59–10.02%] of SW.SWs who were physically and sexually abused had HIV infection in 16.7% of cases, only physically abused — in 10% of cases, while among those who denied violence against them — only 6.5%.","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68331650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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