Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-2-31-39
О. Y. Leschenko, Е. V. Genich
Objective. The research of clinical features, reproductive health and sexual disorders with women of childbearing age, involved in HIV epidemic.Materials and methods. Cross-sectional, cohort, clinical sociological research of gynecological pathology and comorbid conditions among 85 women with HIV infection. The results of sociological research by anonymous survey among 50 women and 35 men of reproductive age with HIV infection are presented. The research was held using a questionnaire, based on WHO thematic map-questionnaire (WHO project №88093).Results and discussion. The main group with HIV infection and reproductive disorders contains 27 women (median age 30,8±2,9). The comparison group consisted of 23 women with HIV infection without reproductive disorders (median age 31,4±7,1). The frequency of medical abortion appeared twice as often in the group of HIV-infected women with reproductive disorders. Statistically significant differences in occurrence of chronically related diseases: ENT organs, gastritis/duodenitis, pancreatitis, cystitis, pyelonerphritis, viral hepatitis (В, С), Papilloma Viral Infection in the compared groups has not been identified. The women with HIV infection and reproductive disorders experienced inflammatory disease of pelvic organs, provoked by chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, syphilis twice as often. Statistically significant differences in occurrence of hysteromyoma, chronic cervicitis, chronic endometritis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia haven’t been detected. Menstrual function analysis among the women with HIV infection and reproductive disorders identified a considerable predominance of secondary amenorrhea, opsomenorrhea, secondary oligomenorrhea and dysmenorrhea. The women with HIV infection and reproductive disorders experienced hyperprolactinemia syndrome 3 times as often. The men were married more often than the women, had regular sexual intercourse, were not interested in their partners’ pregnancy. The most common method of contraception for women as well as for men was contraception sheath and rejected sexual intercourse. However, 20% and 26% men and women with HIV infection, who had sexual intercourse, didn’t use any methods of contraception. The main reason for both men and women to refuse pregnancy planning was unsatisfactory financial situation and having current HIV infection.Conclusion. Early diagnosis of menstrual disorders, prevention of abortion and sexually transmitted diseases, and also early infertility treatment are necessary for women with HIV infection. Apart from medical care, medical workers should take into account social and psychological needs to help patients with HIV improve their quality of living, including sexual and reproductive health.
{"title":"Сlinical features of disorders of reproductive health and sexual behavior in women with HIV","authors":"О. Y. Leschenko, Е. V. Genich","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-2-31-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-2-31-39","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. The research of clinical features, reproductive health and sexual disorders with women of childbearing age, involved in HIV epidemic.Materials and methods. Cross-sectional, cohort, clinical sociological research of gynecological pathology and comorbid conditions among 85 women with HIV infection. The results of sociological research by anonymous survey among 50 women and 35 men of reproductive age with HIV infection are presented. The research was held using a questionnaire, based on WHO thematic map-questionnaire (WHO project №88093).Results and discussion. The main group with HIV infection and reproductive disorders contains 27 women (median age 30,8±2,9). The comparison group consisted of 23 women with HIV infection without reproductive disorders (median age 31,4±7,1). The frequency of medical abortion appeared twice as often in the group of HIV-infected women with reproductive disorders. Statistically significant differences in occurrence of chronically related diseases: ENT organs, gastritis/duodenitis, pancreatitis, cystitis, pyelonerphritis, viral hepatitis (В, С), Papilloma Viral Infection in the compared groups has not been identified. The women with HIV infection and reproductive disorders experienced inflammatory disease of pelvic organs, provoked by chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, syphilis twice as often. Statistically significant differences in occurrence of hysteromyoma, chronic cervicitis, chronic endometritis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia haven’t been detected. Menstrual function analysis among the women with HIV infection and reproductive disorders identified a considerable predominance of secondary amenorrhea, opsomenorrhea, secondary oligomenorrhea and dysmenorrhea. The women with HIV infection and reproductive disorders experienced hyperprolactinemia syndrome 3 times as often. The men were married more often than the women, had regular sexual intercourse, were not interested in their partners’ pregnancy. The most common method of contraception for women as well as for men was contraception sheath and rejected sexual intercourse. However, 20% and 26% men and women with HIV infection, who had sexual intercourse, didn’t use any methods of contraception. The main reason for both men and women to refuse pregnancy planning was unsatisfactory financial situation and having current HIV infection.Conclusion. Early diagnosis of menstrual disorders, prevention of abortion and sexually transmitted diseases, and also early infertility treatment are necessary for women with HIV infection. Apart from medical care, medical workers should take into account social and psychological needs to help patients with HIV improve their quality of living, including sexual and reproductive health.","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41721165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-2-7-19
N. B. Khalezova, V. Rozhkov, M. А. Khobaysh, N. Zakharova, M. Kissin, N. Neznanov, S. Soroko, N. Belyakov
Objective. The study of gender specificities in adaptive transformation of regular neurodynamic (EEG) processes and also the development of maladaptation and mental disorders among men and women with HIV infection.Materials and methods. The research includes 46 men and 54 women, aged 18 and 60, on follow-up care in St. Petersburg Center of AIDS who didn’t get antiretroviral therapy. Clinical infectious, clinical psychiatric, experimental psychological, instrumental functional diagnostics (EEG). To describe neurodymanic processes, EEG spectral analysis was applied, as well as based on graph theory analysis of the structure of interaction (mutual transition of opposite) between wave components of basic EEG rhythms.Results and discussion. In the group of HIV-infected women the rate of mental illness is higher than in the men’s one. It is revealed the men and women have progressing frequency-dependent EEG changes due to neurotic, stress-related and organic mental disorders. Developing of HIV-encephalopathy among the women is accompanied by the growth of spectral power fluctuation in beta range and among the men — in alfa range of EEG frequency. These changes were most pronounced in the frontal and posttemporal areas both with the men and women that may reflect growing pathological process in structures of limbic system. Comparing to men, HIVinfected women have a higher EEG organization, characterized by high-frequency (beta) core formation of functional EGG rhythm interaction, representing decrease in the plasticity level of self-regulation process and developing stable pathological condition.Conclusion. Тhere are gender differences of psychic reaction on HIV infection, thus, it is necessary to have a personalized approach to patient care, taking into account a higher demand of women in psychocorrectional and psychopharmacological help.
{"title":"Gender specificities of neurodymanic processes and development of mental disorders with the HIV-infected","authors":"N. B. Khalezova, V. Rozhkov, M. А. Khobaysh, N. Zakharova, M. Kissin, N. Neznanov, S. Soroko, N. Belyakov","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-2-7-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-2-7-19","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. The study of gender specificities in adaptive transformation of regular neurodynamic (EEG) processes and also the development of maladaptation and mental disorders among men and women with HIV infection.Materials and methods. The research includes 46 men and 54 women, aged 18 and 60, on follow-up care in St. Petersburg Center of AIDS who didn’t get antiretroviral therapy. Clinical infectious, clinical psychiatric, experimental psychological, instrumental functional diagnostics (EEG). To describe neurodymanic processes, EEG spectral analysis was applied, as well as based on graph theory analysis of the structure of interaction (mutual transition of opposite) between wave components of basic EEG rhythms.Results and discussion. In the group of HIV-infected women the rate of mental illness is higher than in the men’s one. It is revealed the men and women have progressing frequency-dependent EEG changes due to neurotic, stress-related and organic mental disorders. Developing of HIV-encephalopathy among the women is accompanied by the growth of spectral power fluctuation in beta range and among the men — in alfa range of EEG frequency. These changes were most pronounced in the frontal and posttemporal areas both with the men and women that may reflect growing pathological process in structures of limbic system. Comparing to men, HIVinfected women have a higher EEG organization, characterized by high-frequency (beta) core formation of functional EGG rhythm interaction, representing decrease in the plasticity level of self-regulation process and developing stable pathological condition.Conclusion. Тhere are gender differences of psychic reaction on HIV infection, thus, it is necessary to have a personalized approach to patient care, taking into account a higher demand of women in psychocorrectional and psychopharmacological help.","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44188989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-2-50-54
A. Khryanin, T. A. Shpiks, A. G. Leonova, M. V. Russkikh, V. K. Bocharova, E. V. Pushkaryov
Objective. The assessment of a psychological profile and a level of social adaptation among patients with HIV infection in the penitentiary system.Materials and methods. Randomly selected HIV-infected prisoners (n=41) from Novosibirsk prisons have passed in-depth interviews and survey on several questionnaires, based on different methods (questionnaires on assessing some social and medical indicators, a questionnaire on the TOBOL system — a clinical testing method, aimed at diagnosing a type of attitude to the disease. The test on 13 kinds of addiction by G. V. Lozova’s system and the test on identifying locus-control by G. Potter method are also included in the questionnaire.Results and discussion. The survey results showed that it is characteristic for a significant proportion of the examined patients to have a risky sexual behaviour, posing a risk of infecting a partner with HIV. It was stated that most of the tested have the dominance of anosognosic and ergopathetic type of attitude to the disease; there is tendency in developing some forms of chemical and non-chemical addiction and diagnosed prevalence of internal locus of control.
{"title":"The level of risky sexual behaviour and psychological characteristics of patients with HIV infection, serving a sentence in correction facilities in FCIN of Russia","authors":"A. Khryanin, T. A. Shpiks, A. G. Leonova, M. V. Russkikh, V. K. Bocharova, E. V. Pushkaryov","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-2-50-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-2-50-54","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. The assessment of a psychological profile and a level of social adaptation among patients with HIV infection in the penitentiary system.Materials and methods. Randomly selected HIV-infected prisoners (n=41) from Novosibirsk prisons have passed in-depth interviews and survey on several questionnaires, based on different methods (questionnaires on assessing some social and medical indicators, a questionnaire on the TOBOL system — a clinical testing method, aimed at diagnosing a type of attitude to the disease. The test on 13 kinds of addiction by G. V. Lozova’s system and the test on identifying locus-control by G. Potter method are also included in the questionnaire.Results and discussion. The survey results showed that it is characteristic for a significant proportion of the examined patients to have a risky sexual behaviour, posing a risk of infecting a partner with HIV. It was stated that most of the tested have the dominance of anosognosic and ergopathetic type of attitude to the disease; there is tendency in developing some forms of chemical and non-chemical addiction and diagnosed prevalence of internal locus of control.","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42705056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-2-55-61
I. Lapshina, E. Tsybikova, M. A. Kulpesova
Objective. Analysis of the main epidemiological indicators characterizing the situation of tuberculosis combined with HIV infection in the Kaluga region for the period from 2015 to 2019.Materials and methods. For the analysis, was used information on 1159 newly diagnosed patients with tuberculosis, those who arenot infected with HIV infection, and 106 newly diagnosed patients with tuberculosis combined with HIV infection in the Kaluga region for the period from 2015 to 2020.Results. In the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, where the incidence of tuberculosis is declining annually, the registration of cases of tuberculosis combined with HIV infection is due to the spread of tuberculosis among HIV-infected contingents registered in AIDS centers.The main reasons for this situation are the late detection of tuberculosis among patients with HIV infection, when the course of the disease becomes widespread and low adherenceofpatients with HIV infectionto treatment antiretroviral drugs.
{"title":"Epidemiology of tuberculosis combined with HIV infection, in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation with a low rate of tuberculosis prevalence","authors":"I. Lapshina, E. Tsybikova, M. A. Kulpesova","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-2-55-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-2-55-61","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. Analysis of the main epidemiological indicators characterizing the situation of tuberculosis combined with HIV infection in the Kaluga region for the period from 2015 to 2019.Materials and methods. For the analysis, was used information on 1159 newly diagnosed patients with tuberculosis, those who arenot infected with HIV infection, and 106 newly diagnosed patients with tuberculosis combined with HIV infection in the Kaluga region for the period from 2015 to 2020.Results. In the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, where the incidence of tuberculosis is declining annually, the registration of cases of tuberculosis combined with HIV infection is due to the spread of tuberculosis among HIV-infected contingents registered in AIDS centers.The main reasons for this situation are the late detection of tuberculosis among patients with HIV infection, when the course of the disease becomes widespread and low adherenceofpatients with HIV infectionto treatment antiretroviral drugs.","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48666307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-19DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-1-100-106
S. E. Kondratova, A. Marchenko
The purpose statement is to identify and assess the risk factors determined by the development of the epidemic process of HIV infection in the area of high concentration of the risk group.Object of study. 365 deceased HIV-infected were identified, of which: the study group — 222 prisoners who died HIV-infected on the basis of the Regional Hospital of the Federal Penitentiary Service of the city of Tyumen for the period 2008–2018; control group — 143 civilian (law-abiding) patients who died HIVinfected on the basis of the Regional Infectious Diseases Hospital for the period 2011–2018.Research methods. The work used the methods of epidemiological research, mathematical modeling and forecasting, logistic regression of stepwise inclusion with ROC analysis.Results. To assess the epidemiological situation in relation to the incidence of HIV infection in places of detention, the longterm dynamics of the development of the epidemic process was studied with an assessment of priority risk factors, forecasting the development of the epidemic process of HIV infection with the establishment of social significance and risk for the civilian population over a long period. The probability of developing a fatal outcome in HIV-positive men serving sentences is 4.7 times higher than among civilian men, while 14.6 times higher when infected with HIV by parenteral (narcotic) infection, 4.8 times higher with concomitant viral hepatitis and 20 times higher in the presence of a respiratory disease, 99.2% higher in the clinical stages of HIV infection 3, 4A, 4B than in civilians.Conclusion. Prisoners have an unfavorable situation for HIV infection with high mortality. A set of organizational and preventive measures to prevent the spread of HIV among prisoners at the present stage should be strengthened with an emphasis on groups at increased risk and progression of infection.
{"title":"Development of the epidemic process of HIV infection in the penitentiary system","authors":"S. E. Kondratova, A. Marchenko","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-1-100-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-1-100-106","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose statement is to identify and assess the risk factors determined by the development of the epidemic process of HIV infection in the area of high concentration of the risk group.Object of study. 365 deceased HIV-infected were identified, of which: the study group — 222 prisoners who died HIV-infected on the basis of the Regional Hospital of the Federal Penitentiary Service of the city of Tyumen for the period 2008–2018; control group — 143 civilian (law-abiding) patients who died HIVinfected on the basis of the Regional Infectious Diseases Hospital for the period 2011–2018.Research methods. The work used the methods of epidemiological research, mathematical modeling and forecasting, logistic regression of stepwise inclusion with ROC analysis.Results. To assess the epidemiological situation in relation to the incidence of HIV infection in places of detention, the longterm dynamics of the development of the epidemic process was studied with an assessment of priority risk factors, forecasting the development of the epidemic process of HIV infection with the establishment of social significance and risk for the civilian population over a long period. The probability of developing a fatal outcome in HIV-positive men serving sentences is 4.7 times higher than among civilian men, while 14.6 times higher when infected with HIV by parenteral (narcotic) infection, 4.8 times higher with concomitant viral hepatitis and 20 times higher in the presence of a respiratory disease, 99.2% higher in the clinical stages of HIV infection 3, 4A, 4B than in civilians.Conclusion. Prisoners have an unfavorable situation for HIV infection with high mortality. A set of organizational and preventive measures to prevent the spread of HIV among prisoners at the present stage should be strengthened with an emphasis on groups at increased risk and progression of infection. ","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47868868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-19DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-1-121-127
S. Nora, G. S. Arkhipov
Purpose. Development of complex diagnostic methods and assessment of the course of allergic diseases in immunocompromised individuals with HIV infection based on the use of actual computer technologies to improve the quality of diagnostics and treatment measures in these patients.Materials and methods. Methods for calculating the relative increase and average growth rate used to estimate the annual increase in the number of diagnosed cases of allergic diseases in the Novgorod region. During the studying of the comorbidity of HIV and allergy we used information about a burdened allergic history. Additional parameters of the analysis were data, obtained in clinical laboratory. For analysis of the data we used Student’s t test (t) and Pearson’s x². The study used the principle of a diagnostic matrix, which allows transferring medical experience to IT solutions, such as DSS and their variants.Results. In the Novgorod region there has been an increase in the number of diagnosed cases of individual allergic diseases. Over 1020 registered cases of HIV infection among residents of the Novgorod region considered to study the comorbidity of HIV infection and allergies. Information about aggravated allergic anamnesis is indicated in 12% cases. Statistically significant (p<0.012) correlation between high viral load and the development of drug allergy in HIV-infected patients with identified allergic pathology were shown. The indicators of the immune status showing specific markers of allergy in patients with HIV were studied. We developed the clinical decision support system (CDDS), which used to organize medical knowledge and optimize the diagnostics.>˂ 0.012) correlation between high viral load and the development of drug allergy in HIV-infected patients with identified allergic pathology were shown. The indicators of the immune status showing specific markers of allergy in patients with HIV were studied. We developed the clinical decision support system (CDDS), which used to organize medical knowledge and optimize the diagnostics.
{"title":"Diagnostics of allergic diseases in HIV-infected patients using actual computer technologies","authors":"S. Nora, G. S. Arkhipov","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-1-121-127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-1-121-127","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Development of complex diagnostic methods and assessment of the course of allergic diseases in immunocompromised individuals with HIV infection based on the use of actual computer technologies to improve the quality of diagnostics and treatment measures in these patients.Materials and methods. Methods for calculating the relative increase and average growth rate used to estimate the annual increase in the number of diagnosed cases of allergic diseases in the Novgorod region. During the studying of the comorbidity of HIV and allergy we used information about a burdened allergic history. Additional parameters of the analysis were data, obtained in clinical laboratory. For analysis of the data we used Student’s t test (t) and Pearson’s x². The study used the principle of a diagnostic matrix, which allows transferring medical experience to IT solutions, such as DSS and their variants.Results. In the Novgorod region there has been an increase in the number of diagnosed cases of individual allergic diseases. Over 1020 registered cases of HIV infection among residents of the Novgorod region considered to study the comorbidity of HIV infection and allergies. Information about aggravated allergic anamnesis is indicated in 12% cases. Statistically significant (p<0.012) correlation between high viral load and the development of drug allergy in HIV-infected patients with identified allergic pathology were shown. The indicators of the immune status showing specific markers of allergy in patients with HIV were studied. We developed the clinical decision support system (CDDS), which used to organize medical knowledge and optimize the diagnostics.>˂ 0.012) correlation between high viral load and the development of drug allergy in HIV-infected patients with identified allergic pathology were shown. The indicators of the immune status showing specific markers of allergy in patients with HIV were studied. We developed the clinical decision support system (CDDS), which used to organize medical knowledge and optimize the diagnostics.","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44725206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-19DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-1-90-99
A. N. Barinova, A. Lebedeva, M. V. Gusarov, S. L. Plavinskii
Introduction. Forecasting of different processes in health, including epidemics, are important area of public health. There exists an idea that in some cases simple models can give adequate forecasts.Goal of this study was to evaluate possible use and results of forecasting of registration of new cases of HIV infection in Russian Federation based on well-known Farr’s law.Materials and methods. The official statistical data on new HIV cases in 1999–2020 in Russian Federation were used. Parameters for forecasting new cases until 2027 were calculated according to Bregman and Langmuir. For evaluation of forecasting the calculations were done for 2015–2020 after fitting model with data until 2014. Normal components of the empirical epidemic curve were estimated and more appropriately fitted distributions were found for the data described by those components.Results. Estimations according to the Farr’s law somewhat undercount number of the new cases of HIV infection (it forecast 99% (95% CI 92–106%) cases when smoothing was used and 97% (95% CI 89–106%) when raw data were used). In general, especially when smoothing was used, fit was satisfactory. Forecast until 2027 show that total number of HIV cases in 1999–2027 will be 1.7–2.0 mln people. Analysis of most probable distribution of the second peak of epidemic curve show that it is lognormal, which allow for much larger number of infected in medium- and long-term perspective.Conclusion. Though Farr’s law could be used for short-term forecast it is not recommended to weaken preventive programs due to possibility of large increase in number of HIV-infected in comparison with Farr’s law forecast.
介绍。对包括流行病在内的各种卫生过程的预测是公共卫生的一个重要领域。有一种观点认为，在某些情况下，简单的模型就能给出充分的预测。本研究的目的是评价基于著名的法尔定律预测俄罗斯新发HIV感染病例登记的可能用途和结果。材料和方法。使用了俄罗斯联邦1999-2020年新发艾滋病毒病例的官方统计数据。预测2027年之前新病例的参数根据Bregman和Langmuir计算。为了评估预测，在将模型与2014年之前的数据拟合后，进行了2015-2020年的计算。估计了经验流行病曲线的正态分量，并为这些分量所描述的数据找到了更合适的拟合分布。根据法尔定律的估计，在某种程度上低估了新感染艾滋病毒的病例数(当使用平滑时，它预测99% (95% CI 92-106%)的病例，当使用原始数据时，它预测97% (95% CI 89-106%))。一般来说，特别是当使用平滑时，拟合是令人满意的。到2027年的预测显示，1999-2027年艾滋病毒病例总数将为170 - 200万人。对流行曲线第二峰最可能分布的分析表明，它符合对数正态分布，从中长期来看，允许更大的感染人数。虽然法尔定律可以用于短期预测，但由于与法尔定律预测相比，hiv感染人数可能会大幅增加，因此不建议削弱预防计划。
{"title":"Approaches to forecasting of time dynamics of the processes and use of Farr’s epidemic evolution law on example of dynamics of new cases of HIV-infection in Russian Federation","authors":"A. N. Barinova, A. Lebedeva, M. V. Gusarov, S. L. Plavinskii","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-1-90-99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-1-90-99","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Forecasting of different processes in health, including epidemics, are important area of public health. There exists an idea that in some cases simple models can give adequate forecasts.Goal of this study was to evaluate possible use and results of forecasting of registration of new cases of HIV infection in Russian Federation based on well-known Farr’s law.Materials and methods. The official statistical data on new HIV cases in 1999–2020 in Russian Federation were used. Parameters for forecasting new cases until 2027 were calculated according to Bregman and Langmuir. For evaluation of forecasting the calculations were done for 2015–2020 after fitting model with data until 2014. Normal components of the empirical epidemic curve were estimated and more appropriately fitted distributions were found for the data described by those components.Results. Estimations according to the Farr’s law somewhat undercount number of the new cases of HIV infection (it forecast 99% (95% CI 92–106%) cases when smoothing was used and 97% (95% CI 89–106%) when raw data were used). In general, especially when smoothing was used, fit was satisfactory. Forecast until 2027 show that total number of HIV cases in 1999–2027 will be 1.7–2.0 mln people. Analysis of most probable distribution of the second peak of epidemic curve show that it is lognormal, which allow for much larger number of infected in medium- and long-term perspective.Conclusion. Though Farr’s law could be used for short-term forecast it is not recommended to weaken preventive programs due to possibility of large increase in number of HIV-infected in comparison with Farr’s law forecast. ","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47171946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-19DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-1-107-114
D. Kapustin, E. Krasnova, N. Khokhlova, O. M. Shishkova, Ya. S. Ulyanova, A. I. Tyryshkin
The purpose statement is to study the course of COVID-19 in patients with HIV infection and morphological changes in the lungs with their combined SARS-CoV-2 and secondary infections.Materials and methods: The study included 96 patients with HIV infection and SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by PCR, aged 26 to 54 years. The clinical manifestations, the content of CD4-lymphocytes and HIV RNA, the presence of secondary infections, and morphological changes in the lungs were studied.Results and discussion: In patients with HIV infection with moderate or severe immunodeficiency, a mild course of COVID19 (63.2%) was observed more often than in patients without immunodeficiency (14.3%). Four out of 9 patients with severe immunodeficiency developed a combined lesion of the lung tissue (SARS-CoV-2 + CMV and SARS-CoV-2 + Pneumocystis carinii) with a fatal outcome.Conclusion: In the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 in patients with HIV infection, it is necessary to take into account the severity of immunodeficiency and viral load.
{"title":"Course of COVID-19 in patients with HIV infection and morphological changes in the lungs with a combined damage SARS-CoV2 and secondary infections","authors":"D. Kapustin, E. Krasnova, N. Khokhlova, O. M. Shishkova, Ya. S. Ulyanova, A. I. Tyryshkin","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-1-107-114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-1-107-114","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose statement is to study the course of COVID-19 in patients with HIV infection and morphological changes in the lungs with their combined SARS-CoV-2 and secondary infections.Materials and methods: The study included 96 patients with HIV infection and SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by PCR, aged 26 to 54 years. The clinical manifestations, the content of CD4-lymphocytes and HIV RNA, the presence of secondary infections, and morphological changes in the lungs were studied.Results and discussion: In patients with HIV infection with moderate or severe immunodeficiency, a mild course of COVID19 (63.2%) was observed more often than in patients without immunodeficiency (14.3%). Four out of 9 patients with severe immunodeficiency developed a combined lesion of the lung tissue (SARS-CoV-2 + CMV and SARS-CoV-2 + Pneumocystis carinii) with a fatal outcome.Conclusion: In the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 in patients with HIV infection, it is necessary to take into account the severity of immunodeficiency and viral load. ","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41898164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-19DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-1-115-120
E. Sitkina, E. Smirnova, E. Isaeva
The study is devoted to the study of the emotional state of people in the conditions of self-isolation during the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection. The online study involved 380 «conditionally healthy» respondents aged 18 to 60 years. A special questionnaire was developed; to assess the emotional state of the subjects, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Bass-Darkey aggressiveness level questionnaire were used. Only 45–54% of respondents tried to comply with the sanitary regime, men violated the established requirements more often than women. No clinical symptoms of anxiety or depression were found. The level of anxiety reached subclinical values in women. At the same time, there was an increased level of aggression (verbal and indirect) and irritation, an increase in the integral indicators of aggressiveness and hostility. These emotional manifestations characterize the well-known reactions of a person’s mental maladaptation in difficult life situations.
{"title":"Study of the emotional state of residents of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region in connection with the forced self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"E. Sitkina, E. Smirnova, E. Isaeva","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-1-115-120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-1-115-120","url":null,"abstract":"The study is devoted to the study of the emotional state of people in the conditions of self-isolation during the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection. The online study involved 380 «conditionally healthy» respondents aged 18 to 60 years. A special questionnaire was developed; to assess the emotional state of the subjects, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Bass-Darkey aggressiveness level questionnaire were used. Only 45–54% of respondents tried to comply with the sanitary regime, men violated the established requirements more often than women. No clinical symptoms of anxiety or depression were found. The level of anxiety reached subclinical values in women. At the same time, there was an increased level of aggression (verbal and indirect) and irritation, an increase in the integral indicators of aggressiveness and hostility. These emotional manifestations characterize the well-known reactions of a person’s mental maladaptation in difficult life situations. ","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68331636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-18DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-1-59-69
A. O. Ovchinnikova, S. Mikhalchenko, O. E. Chernova
The purpose of the study: to analyze the microbiota of the vagina and urine culture in HIV-infected women, depending on the absence or presence of pre-pregnancy preparation with and without a partner.Materials and methods. 90 women of reproductive age with stage 3 and 4A of HIV infection participated. Vaginal fluid and urine were inoculated on artificial nutrient media, identification using MALDI ToF mass spectrometry. The Kraskel-Wallis criterion, Mann-Whitney criterion and Simpson index were used to compare the groups.Results and their discussion. It was found out that in women without pregravidar preparation, the total bacterial mass of lactobacilli is significantly lower (p=0.004), the total number of lactobacilli is lower (p=0.005); the bacterial mass of staphylococci and streptococci is greater (p=0.009); the total number of microorganisms seeded is higher (p=0.004) against the background of increased viral load (p=0.001); Enteroccocus often acts as the cause of asymptomatic bacteriuria faecalis with a viral load above the detection threshold (p=0.009). Thus, we show that the lack of pre-pregnancy preparation in HIV-infected women is associated with vaginal mesocenosis and the development of asymptomatic bacteriuria.
{"title":"Assessment of vaginal microbiota and urine seeding on flora in HIV-infected women, depending on the presence or absence of pregravid preparation","authors":"A. O. Ovchinnikova, S. Mikhalchenko, O. E. Chernova","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-1-59-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-1-59-69","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study: to analyze the microbiota of the vagina and urine culture in HIV-infected women, depending on the absence or presence of pre-pregnancy preparation with and without a partner.Materials and methods. 90 women of reproductive age with stage 3 and 4A of HIV infection participated. Vaginal fluid and urine were inoculated on artificial nutrient media, identification using MALDI ToF mass spectrometry. The Kraskel-Wallis criterion, Mann-Whitney criterion and Simpson index were used to compare the groups.Results and their discussion. It was found out that in women without pregravidar preparation, the total bacterial mass of lactobacilli is significantly lower (p=0.004), the total number of lactobacilli is lower (p=0.005); the bacterial mass of staphylococci and streptococci is greater (p=0.009); the total number of microorganisms seeded is higher (p=0.004) against the background of increased viral load (p=0.001); Enteroccocus often acts as the cause of asymptomatic bacteriuria faecalis with a viral load above the detection threshold (p=0.009). Thus, we show that the lack of pre-pregnancy preparation in HIV-infected women is associated with vaginal mesocenosis and the development of asymptomatic bacteriuria. ","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48103763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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