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Herpes zoster, complicated with thoracic wall phlegmon in a patient with HIV-infection: a case report 一名艾滋病毒感染者的带状疱疹并发胸壁痰:病例报告
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2023-15-4-94-97
K. B. Vladimirov, S. I. Sokolov, G. Marfina
Herpes zoster is often associated with HIV infection. The article presents a clinical case of herpes zoster, complicated by the thoracic wall phlegmon in a 41-year-old male infected with HIV. Dissection and debridement of the phlegmon were performed. Antibacterial and pain relief therapy, start of antiretroviral therapy and treatment of the concomitant diseases were carried out. The residual thoracic wall skin and soft tissue defect on the site of the phlegmon was healed with surgery.Conclusions. Secondary manifestations of HIV infection present with the diversity of symptoms and severe clinical performance. Herpes zoster may be complicated with the purulent inflammation of surrounding tissue in the patients with HIV-infection. A multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and treatment of such patients is required.
带状疱疹通常与艾滋病病毒感染有关。本文介绍了一例带状疱疹并发胸壁痰盂的临床病例,患者是一名感染了艾滋病毒的 41 岁男性。对痰盂进行了解剖和清创。进行了抗菌和止痛治疗,开始了抗逆转录病毒治疗,并治疗了并发症。手术后,痰盂部位残留的胸壁皮肤和软组织缺损痊愈。艾滋病病毒感染的继发性表现症状多样,临床表现严重。带状疱疹可能与艾滋病病毒感染者周围组织的化脓性炎症并发。对这类患者的诊断和治疗需要采用多学科方法。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of the state of autonomic dysfunction in patients with tuberculosis of the respiratory system and in combination with HIV infection in modern conditions 在现代条件下评估呼吸系统结核病患者和合并艾滋病毒感染者的自律神经功能失调状况
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2023-15-4-47-52
O. N. Brazhenko, A. I. Loschakova
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an important part of the human nervous system responsible for regulating internal organs and maintaining the internal environment of the body. Adequate functioning of the ANS supports homeostasis is the internal stability of the body and regulates many functions in it, such as cardiac activity, breathing, etc. TB-related stress and inflammation affect have influence at the balance of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. Affecting the work of the peripheral nervous system, it becomes possible to influence at the system of homeostasis of the body through its regulatory systems. Improving the diagnostics of autonomic dysfunction and identifying its dysfunction will provide an integrated individualized approach to treatment and will make a significant contribution to increasing the effectiveness of therapy for patients with tuberculosis.Aim. Diagnosis of the state of the autonomic nervous system by its main indicators using available informative methods for assessing its functional state in patients with respiratory tuberculosis, including in combination with HIV infection at the beginning of treatment and detecting the level of its damage for further correction with the prescription of pathogenetic therapy.Materials and methods. The functional state of the autonomic nervous system has been investigated in 260 people. In the study, 2 groups were formed: a control group (CG) of 70 healthy persons and a monitoring group (MG) of 190 newly diagnosed patients with tuberculosis. There are 3 subgroups in MG. The 1 subgroup included 65 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, in whom the function of ANS was studied by conventional examination methods, and in 64 patients with tuberculosis 2 subgroups and 61 patients with tuberculosis in combination with HIV infection 3 subgroups using Varikard 2.51. Calculations were carried out in the program SPSS Statistics v. 23.Results and discussion. Comparison of the frequency of autonomic dysfunction in patients with MG, subgroup 1 with that in the CG according to questionnaires No. 1 (χ2=36.346; p<0.001) and No. 2 (χ2=50.885; p<0.001), HR per minute (χ2=31.989; p<0.001), Kerdo index (χ2=30.008; p<0.001), cold sample (χ2=36.549; p<0.001) revealed high reliability of differences and indicated the predominance of sympathicotension, which was determined 7 times more often in patients. At the beginning of treatment, in patients with concomitant HIV infection was detected a more pronounced dysfunction of ANS with a predominance of its sympathetic link, which was found 9.3 times more often than in healthy persons and 2.3 times more often than in patients without HIV infection. Comparing the frequency of PARS in the «normal zone» in the CG and in the 2 subgroup of MG (t1=5.01; p1<0,001; t2=3,69; p2>0.001), in CG and in MG subgroup 3 (t1=3.61; p1<0.001; t2=3.61; p2<0.001) high significant differences were identified, indicating a significant predominance of regulatory process disorders i
自律神经系统(ANS)是人体神经系统的重要组成部分,负责调节内脏器官和维持人体内部环境。自律神经系统的充分运作支持着机体内部的稳定,并调节着机体的许多功能,如心脏活动、呼吸等。与结核病有关的压力和炎症会影响交感神经和副交感神经活动的平衡。影响周围神经系统的工作,就有可能通过其调节系统影响人体的平衡系统。改进自律神经功能失调的诊断并确定其功能障碍,将提供综合的个体化治疗方法,并将为提高结核病患者的治疗效果做出重大贡献。利用现有的信息方法,通过主要指标诊断自律神经系统的状态,以评估呼吸道结核病患者(包括治疗初期合并艾滋病毒感染者)的功能状态,并检测其受损程度,以便通过病因治疗处方进一步纠正。对 260 人的自律神经系统功能状态进行了调查。研究分为两组:由 70 名健康人组成的对照组(CG)和由 190 名新确诊的肺结核患者组成的监测组(MG)。监测组有 3 个分组。其中 1 个亚组包括 65 名肺结核患者,通过传统检查方法对其 ANS 功能进行研究;2 个亚组包括 64 名肺结核患者,3 个亚组包括 61 名合并 HIV 感染的肺结核患者(使用 Varikard 2.51)。结果和讨论。根据第 1 号调查问卷,比较了第 1 亚组 MG 患者与 CG 患者自律神经功能紊乱的频率 (χ2=36.346; p0.001),CG 与第 3 亚组 MG 患者自律神经功能紊乱的频率 (t1=3.61; p1<0.001; t2=3.61; p2<0.001),发现两者之间存在显著差异,表明结核病患者,尤其是合并 HIV 感染的患者,调节过程紊乱明显占主导地位。结核病患者和合并艾滋病毒感染的 ANS 患者的工作紊乱与中毒和哮喘综合征有关。心率变异性监测可用于医学研究和临床实践,以评估结核病患者和合并艾滋病毒感染者的自律神经系统状态,确定病理治疗效果的应用点,从而提高治疗效果和有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Attitude to vaccination against COVID-19 in patients with non-psychotic mental disorders 非精神病性精神障碍患者对接种 COVID-19 疫苗的态度
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2023-15-4-63-72
N. B. Khalezova, Z. E. Kostyleva, M. Kissin, E. Boeva
The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the increasing prevalence of non-psychotic mental disorders and the rise of antivaccination tendencies.The aim of the study was to describe the attitude to vaccination against COVID-19 in patients with non-psychotic mental disorders, as well as in mentally healthy individuals.Materials and methods: a survey was conducted of 100 outpatient patients with psychiatric diagnoses of non-psychotic level: organic mental disorders (14), affective disorders (38), neurotic and stress-related disorders (48), as well as 30 people without mental disorders.Results and discussion. There was no association between the severity of COVID-19 and an adverse reaction to the vaccine. A high incidence of skepticism about vaccination against COVID-19 was noted in women, in the older age group, in people with higher education and highly qualified work, but poorly informed about immunoprophylaxis. Post-vaccination complications (fever, general weakness) after immunization against COVID-19 were more often detected in patients with affective disorders, however, this group of patients showed the most loyal attitude to vaccination. Patients with organic mental disorders shown the lowest degree of approval of vaccination against COVID-19, they cited fear of possible «side effects» and «lack of proven benefit» as the main reason for not being vaccinated.Conclusion. Vaccination of the population of all countries affected by COVID-19 has exacerbated such a phenomenon as doubt about the benefits of immunoprophylaxis. The results of the article can be extrapolated to the future development of new drugs in the field of immunoprophylaxis.
COVID-19 大流行加剧了非精神病性精神障碍发病率的上升和反疫苗接种倾向的抬头。本研究旨在描述非精神病性精神障碍患者和精神健康者对接种 COVID-19 疫苗的态度。材料和方法:对 100 名被诊断患有非精神病性精神障碍的门诊病人进行了调查:器质性精神障碍(14 人)、情感障碍(38 人)、神经症和压力相关障碍(48 人),以及 30 名无精神障碍的人。COVID-19 的严重程度与疫苗不良反应之间没有关联。对接种 COVID-19 疫苗持怀疑态度的高发人群包括女性、老年人、受过高等教育和从事高素质工作的人,但他们对免疫预防知识知之甚少。接种 COVID-19 疫苗后出现并发症(发烧、全身乏力)的情况多见于情感障碍患者,但这类患者对接种疫苗的态度最为积极。器质性精神障碍患者对接种 COVID-19 疫苗的认可度最低,他们认为害怕可能出现的 "副作用 "和 "缺乏经证实的益处 "是不接种疫苗的主要原因。在所有受 COVID-19 影响的国家,接种疫苗加剧了对免疫预防益处的怀疑。文章的研究结果可用于未来免疫预防领域新药的开发。
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引用次数: 0
Delayed mental, neurological and somatic disorders associated with COVID-19 与 COVID-19 相关的迟发性精神、神经和躯体疾病
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2023-15-4-53-62
N. Belyakov, V. Rassokhin, N. Totolyan, E. Boeva, A. S. Bobreshova, N. B. Khalezova, Y. Kushnir, A. O. Norka
Purpose of the study. To assess the nature of health complaints, frequency of occurrence, structure and characteristics of neurological, general somatic and mental disorders in people in the post-COVID period.Materials and methods. The main group (n=1000) was represented by people who had a new coronavirus infection, confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) SARS-CoV-2, from 18 to 60 years old. As part of the study, an extensive survey of the examined individuals was carried out, aimed at identifying the main psychoneurological and general somatic consequences that developed in the period from 4 weeks to 12 months after COVID-19.Results and discussion. The study included 289 men and 711 women (28.9% and 71.1%, respectively). The average age at the time of the examination was 40.2±11.8 years. More than half of the respondents were of working age, had a permanent job or were studying (72.3%), while 17.9% indicated a high level of physical activity before COVID-19. The majority of respondents suffered from mild COVID-19 (76.6%), in 23.4% of cases the disease was moderate. Among somatic (vegetative) disorders as a consequence of COVID-19, the most common complaints were hair loss (49.5%), fatigue in 77.5% of cases, regardless of workload and type of work, and fluctuations in blood pressure in 50.2% of patients. Women complained more intensely about hair loss (χ2=60.2608, df=9, p<.001), shortness of breath (χ2=17.5025, df=9, p=0.04), interruptions in heart function (χ2=22.7863, df=9, p=0.007).Among the respondents, the most common complaints were emotional disturbances, which determined the picture of anxiety and depressive disorders, as well as cognitive impairments in the form of memory loss (69.5%), concentration, difficulties with long-term attention maintenance (65,5%) and switching from one task to another (60%). With the age of the respondents, fatigue increased in intensity (R=0.2, p<0.05), insomnia (R=0.2, p<0.05), anxiety for health and for their close persons (R=0.2, p<0.05), neurological complaints (widespread muscle pain (R=0.3, p<0.05), pain in the spine (R=0.3, p<0.05), gait disturbances (R=0.2, p<0.05), as well as the intensity of general somatic complaints (urinary disorders (R=0.2, p<0.05), shortness of breath (R=0.2, p<0.05), pain and heaviness in the chest (R=0.2, p<0.05), irregular heartbeat (R=0.2, p<0.05), fluctuations in blood pressure (R=0.2, p<0.05). Clear gender differences in the intensity of post-COVID psychopathological manifestations were revealed. Women complained more strongly about post-COVID high fatigue (χ2=23.8901, df=9, p=0.004), general malaise (χ2=17.9304, df=9, p=0.04) and, accordingly, lower activity and inability to cope with household workload (χ2=22.3384, df=9, p=0.008) compared to men. Women had more severe dysmnestic disorders (χ2=23.0900, df=9, p=0.006) than men. Women were also characterized by having greater anxiety for close persons (χ2=20.5941, df=9, p=0.01) and insomnia (χ2=20.2633, df=9, p=0.02)
研究目的评估后冠状病毒感染期间人们健康投诉的性质、发生频率、神经系统、一般躯体和精神疾病的结构和特征。主要群体(n=1000)为新感染冠状病毒(经聚合酶链反应(PCR)证实为 SARS-CoV-2 的患者,年龄在 18 至 60 岁之间。作为研究的一部分,对受检者进行了广泛的调查,旨在确定 COVID-19 后 4 周至 12 个月期间出现的主要精神神经和一般躯体症状。研究对象包括 289 名男性和 711 名女性(分别占 28.9% 和 71.1%)。检查时的平均年龄为 40.2±11.8 岁。超过半数的受访者处于工作年龄,有固定工作或正在学习(72.3%),17.9%的受访者表示在 COVID-19 之前有较多的体育活动。大多数受访者患有轻度 COVID-19(76.6%),23.4%的受访者患有中度 COVID-19。在因 COVID-19 导致的躯体(植物)功能紊乱中,最常见的主诉是脱发(49.5%),77.5% 的病例感到疲劳(与工作量和工作类型无关),50.2% 的患者血压波动。女性对脱发(χ2=60.2608,df=9,P<.001)、气短(χ2=17.5025,df=9,P=0.04)、心脏功能中断(χ2=22.7863,df=9,P=0.007)的抱怨更为强烈。在受访者中,最常见的主诉是情绪障碍,表现为焦虑和抑郁障碍,以及认知障碍,表现为记忆力减退(69.5%)、注意力不集中、难以长期保持注意力(65.5%)和从一项任务切换到另一项任务(60%)。随着受访者年龄的增长,疲劳程度增加(R=0.2,p<0.05)、失眠(R=0.2,p<0.05)、对健康和身边人的焦虑(R=0.2,p<0.05)、神经系统症状(广泛性肌肉疼痛(R=0.3,p<0.05)、脊柱疼痛(R=0.3,p<0.05)、步态障碍(R=0.2,p<0.05),以及一般躯体不适的强度(排尿障碍(R=0.2,p<0.05)、呼吸急促(R=0.2,p<0.05)、胸部疼痛和沉重感(R=0.2,p<0.05)、心律不齐(R=0.2,p<0.05)、血压波动(R=0.2,p<0.05))。COVID后精神病理表现的强度存在明显的性别差异。与男性相比,女性对 COVID 后的高度疲劳(χ2=23.8901,df=9,p=0.004)、全身乏力(χ2=17.9304,df=9,p=0.04)以及相应的活动减少和无力承担家务劳动(χ2=22.3384,df=9,p=0.008)的抱怨更为强烈。与男性相比,女性有更严重的家务失调(χ2=23.0900,df=9,p=0.006)。与男性相比,女性对亲近者的焦虑(χ2=20.5941,df=9,p=0.01)和失眠(χ2=20.2633,df=9,p=0.02)也更严重。COVID后神经系统疾病尽管出现的频率和强度较低,但给日常生活带来的困难最大,而且主要发生在老年人身上。COVID后综合征的临床表现为多种躯体和神经精神障碍,这决定了病后患者管理的具体方式。在评估长期失调症时,最好依靠跨专业专家组专家的意见,根据具体症状或病情,以系统的方法为每位患者实施临床诊断算法。我们研究的初步结果表明,在急性感染治疗和康复阶段,应特别关注女性患者,因为她们的 COVID-19 精神神经系统并发症发病率较高。考虑到 COVID-19 的长期后果风险和再次感染的可能性,整合基础和临床研究数据以优化患者的认知保护和生活质量至关重要。
{"title":"Delayed mental, neurological and somatic disorders associated with COVID-19","authors":"N. Belyakov, V. Rassokhin, N. Totolyan, E. Boeva, A. S. Bobreshova, N. B. Khalezova, Y. Kushnir, A. O. Norka","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2023-15-4-53-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2023-15-4-53-62","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the study. To assess the nature of health complaints, frequency of occurrence, structure and characteristics of neurological, general somatic and mental disorders in people in the post-COVID period.Materials and methods. The main group (n=1000) was represented by people who had a new coronavirus infection, confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) SARS-CoV-2, from 18 to 60 years old. As part of the study, an extensive survey of the examined individuals was carried out, aimed at identifying the main psychoneurological and general somatic consequences that developed in the period from 4 weeks to 12 months after COVID-19.Results and discussion. The study included 289 men and 711 women (28.9% and 71.1%, respectively). The average age at the time of the examination was 40.2±11.8 years. More than half of the respondents were of working age, had a permanent job or were studying (72.3%), while 17.9% indicated a high level of physical activity before COVID-19. The majority of respondents suffered from mild COVID-19 (76.6%), in 23.4% of cases the disease was moderate. Among somatic (vegetative) disorders as a consequence of COVID-19, the most common complaints were hair loss (49.5%), fatigue in 77.5% of cases, regardless of workload and type of work, and fluctuations in blood pressure in 50.2% of patients. Women complained more intensely about hair loss (χ2=60.2608, df=9, p<.001), shortness of breath (χ2=17.5025, df=9, p=0.04), interruptions in heart function (χ2=22.7863, df=9, p=0.007).Among the respondents, the most common complaints were emotional disturbances, which determined the picture of anxiety and depressive disorders, as well as cognitive impairments in the form of memory loss (69.5%), concentration, difficulties with long-term attention maintenance (65,5%) and switching from one task to another (60%). With the age of the respondents, fatigue increased in intensity (R=0.2, p<0.05), insomnia (R=0.2, p<0.05), anxiety for health and for their close persons (R=0.2, p<0.05), neurological complaints (widespread muscle pain (R=0.3, p<0.05), pain in the spine (R=0.3, p<0.05), gait disturbances (R=0.2, p<0.05), as well as the intensity of general somatic complaints (urinary disorders (R=0.2, p<0.05), shortness of breath (R=0.2, p<0.05), pain and heaviness in the chest (R=0.2, p<0.05), irregular heartbeat (R=0.2, p<0.05), fluctuations in blood pressure (R=0.2, p<0.05). Clear gender differences in the intensity of post-COVID psychopathological manifestations were revealed. Women complained more strongly about post-COVID high fatigue (χ2=23.8901, df=9, p=0.004), general malaise (χ2=17.9304, df=9, p=0.04) and, accordingly, lower activity and inability to cope with household workload (χ2=22.3384, df=9, p=0.008) compared to men. Women had more severe dysmnestic disorders (χ2=23.0900, df=9, p=0.006) than men. Women were also characterized by having greater anxiety for close persons (χ2=20.5941, df=9, p=0.01) and insomnia (χ2=20.2633, df=9, p=0.02)","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":" 1213","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139617027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mathematical prognosis of the outcome of the disease of a patient with tuberculosis with HIV infection upon admission to the hospital of the Federal Penitentiary Service 对联邦监狱管理局医院收治的感染艾滋病毒的结核病患者的预后进行数学预测
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2023-15-4-105-111
V. S. Borovitsky, M. V. Sinitsyn
Objective. To identify a mathematical pattern for the subsequent calculation of the prognosis of the outcome of a tuberculosis patient with HIV infection upon admission to the hospital of the Federal Penitentiary Service.Materials and methods. The object of the study was 363 patients with tuberculosis and HIV infection who were admitted for treatment at the hospital of the Federal Penitentiary Service. Discriminant analysis was used to evaluate the features most associated with the discrimination of observations, a priori divided into groups, and reclassify them. As a result, new discriminant axes were obtained, in the space of which the compared groups have the maximum difference.Results and discussion. Formulas were obtained for predicting the outcome of a tuberculosis patient with HIV infection upon admission to a medical institution of the Federal Penitentiary Service: favorable outcome =–91.2138+4.2971×(body mass index)+0.4426×(«experience» of smoking, years)+0.5143×(hemoglobin level, g/l)+0.6158×(stab neutrophils, %)+ 0.4913×(leukocyte T-cell index);unfavorable outcome =–81.8053+3.9467×(body mass index)+0.4071×(«experience» of smoking, years)+0.4724×(hemoglobin level, g/l)+0.6861×(stab neutrophils, %)+0.6630×(leukocyte T-cell index); progression or chronicity =–91.9349+4.2025×(body mass index)+0.5119×(smoking experience, years)+0.5103×(hemoglobin level, g/l)+0.5901×(stab neutrophils, %)+0.5×(leukocyte T-cell index).Conclusion. Simple formulas have been obtained that can be successfully used to calculate the prognosis of the course of the disease upon admission to a hospital in a patient with tuberculosis with concomitant HIV infection.
目的确定一种数学模式,用于随后计算联邦监狱管理局医院收治的感染艾滋病毒的结核病患者的预后结果。研究对象是在联邦监狱管理局医院接受治疗的 363 名结核病和艾滋病毒感染患者。使用判别分析来评估与观察结果的判别最相关的特征,先验地将观察结果分为几组,并对其进行重新分类。结果和讨论。联邦监狱管理局医疗机构对感染艾滋病毒的肺结核病人的预后预测公式为:良好预后 =-91.2138+4.2971× (体重指数)+0.4426×(吸烟 "经历",年)+0.5143×(血红蛋白水平,克/升)+0.6158×(稳定中性粒细胞,%)+0.4913×(白细胞 T 细胞指数);不良预后 =-81.8053+3.9467×(体重指数)+0.4071×(吸烟 "经历",年)+0.4724×(血红蛋白水平,克/升)+0.6861×(稳定中性粒细胞,%)+0.6630×(白细胞T细胞指数);进展或慢性化=-91.9349+4.2025×(体重指数)+0.5119×(吸烟经历,年)+0.5103×(血红蛋白水平,克/升)+0.5901×(稳定中性粒细胞,%)+0.5×(白细胞T细胞指数)。我们获得了一些简单的公式,可成功用于计算合并艾滋病毒感染的肺结核患者入院后的病程预后。
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引用次数: 0
The causes of TB development in a child with HIV infection 感染艾滋病毒的儿童患结核病的原因
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2023-15-4-98-104
M. Gubkina, Y. Khokhlova, N. Yukhimenko, I. Petrakova, S. Sterlikova
The article represents a clinical observation of the development of disseminated TB in a 12-year-old child with HIV infection, a high CD4 lymphocyte count (1315 cells/μl), and undetectable viral load (<20 copies per ml of blood). Perinatal transmission occurred, HIV infection was diagnosed immediately after birth, ART was administered from the first days of life. The girl has lived in a foster family since the age of 12 months. Poor adherence to treatment resulted in raised viral load. At the same time, the girl got ill with severe measles. ART was corrected with a rapid positive immunological and virological effect. One year later, TB manifested under the guise of acute bronchopulmonary disease. The examination revealed traces of infancy intrathoracic lymph node TB in the form of small calcinates. The patient had not been previously examined for TB infection and never received preventive TB treatment. The development of acute progressive TB in the child with HIV infection and satisfactory immunological and virological indicators was caused by: lack of due interdisciplinary (pediatricians, infectiologists, phthisiologists) and interdepartmental (medical services, children’s services) interactions; poor adherence to treatment; past measles.
本文是对一名 12 岁儿童发生播散性肺结核的临床观察,该儿童感染了艾滋病毒,CD4 淋巴细胞计数高(1315 个细胞/μl),病毒载量检测不到(每毫升血液中的病毒载量小于 20 个拷贝)。围产期曾发生过传播,出生后立即被诊断出感染了艾滋病毒,从出生后的第一天起就开始接受抗逆转录病毒疗法。女孩从 12 个月大开始就生活在寄养家庭。治疗依从性差导致病毒载量升高。与此同时,女孩患上了严重的麻疹。抗逆转录病毒疗法得到了纠正,免疫学和病毒学效果迅速好转。一年后,结核病以急性支气管肺病的名义出现。检查发现了婴儿期胸内淋巴结结核的痕迹,表现为小钙化。患者之前没有接受过结核感染检查,也从未接受过结核病预防治疗。这名儿童感染了艾滋病毒,免疫学和病毒学指标良好,但却患上了急性进展性肺结核,究其原因是:缺乏适当的跨学科(儿科医生、感染学家、结核病学家)和跨部门(医疗服务部门、儿童服务部门)互动;治疗依从性差;既往患过麻疹。
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引用次数: 0
Distribution of hepatitis С virus drug resistance mutations among patients with recurrence of the disease during therapy with direct antiviral drugs 直接抗病毒药物治疗期间病情复发患者中С型肝炎病毒耐药性变异的分布情况
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2023-15-4-86-93
D. E. Reingardt, Y. Ostankova, L. V. Lyalina, E. V. Anufrieva, A. V. Semenov, A. A. Totolian
The aim of the study was to identify the prevalence of drug resistance mutations in the hepatitis C virus among patients with relapse of the disease on therapy with direct antiviral drugs.Materials and methods. The study material included 31 blood plasma samples from patients with chronic hepatitis C with relapse of the disease on therapy with direct antiviral drugs. Samples were screened for the presence of HCV RNA. In case of detection of HCV RNA, amplification was carried out using a set of primers jointly flanking the NS3, NS5A, NS5B genes. After sequencing the nucleotide sequences of these genes, the subtype of the virus was determined and drug resistance mutations were identified.Results and discussion. The age of the patients ranged from 33 to 62 and averaged 45.8±8.38 years. The number of men in the group prevailed compared to women — 21 (67%) and 10 (33%), respectively. Viral load determination results ranged from 3.1×103 to 4.2×107 IU/ml. The distribution of genotypes was as follows: 1a — 26% (n=8), 1b — 29% (n=9), 3a — 45% (n=14). The nucleotide sequence of the NS3, NS5A, NS5B regions was determined in all samples. Mutations associated with drug resistance were detected in 87% (n=27). In all identified cases, the mutations resulted in viral resistance to at least one drug included in the patient’s current treatment regimen. In one patient, amino acid substitutions were found in three regions at once, which led to the emergence of resistance to two drugs in the regimen.Conclusion. Conducting a preliminary examination of patients to identify mutations of drug resistance to direct antiviral drugs can affect the effectiveness of the planned treatment and the choice of the optimal regimen.
该研究旨在确定直接抗病毒药物治疗后复发的丙型肝炎患者中丙型肝炎病毒耐药突变的流行情况。研究材料包括 31 份血浆样本,这些样本来自接受直接抗病毒药物治疗后复发的慢性丙型肝炎患者。对样本进行筛查,以确定是否存在 HCV RNA。在检测到 HCV RNA 的情况下,使用 NS3、NS5A 和 NS5B 基因侧翼的一组引物进行扩增。对这些基因的核苷酸序列进行测序后,确定了病毒的亚型,并确定了耐药性突变。患者年龄从 33 岁到 62 岁不等,平均年龄(45.8±8.38)岁。该组患者中男性多于女性,分别为 21 人(67%)和 10 人(33%)。病毒载量测定结果为 3.1×103 至 4.2×107 IU/ml。基因型分布如下1a - 26%(8 人),1b - 29%(9 人),3a - 45%(14 人)。所有样本的 NS3、NS5A、NS5B 区域的核苷酸序列均已测定。87%的样本(n=27)检测到了与耐药性相关的突变。在所有确定的病例中,突变导致病毒对患者当前治疗方案中的至少一种药物产生耐药性。在一名患者身上,同时在三个区域发现了氨基酸置换,导致对治疗方案中的两种药物产生耐药性。对患者进行初步检查以确定对直接抗病毒药物的耐药性变异,会影响计划治疗的效果和最佳治疗方案的选择。
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引用次数: 0
HIV infection and the gut microbiome 艾滋病毒感染与肠道微生物群
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-16 DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2023-15-4-25-35
A. A. Khryanin, E. V. Pushkarev, V. K. Bocharova
In this analytical review, the authors present current views on the relationship between the persistence of HIV infection and the gut microbiome in people living with HIV (PLHIV). The study of this issue remains highly relevant for various reasons, because HIV-associated dysbiosis may underlie chronic diseases that persist and progress throughout the entire period of HIV infection, despite the control of viral load achieved with antiretroviral therapy (ART). The identification of close pathogenetic links between intestinal bacteria and HIV-associated diseases contributes to the development of new treatments aimed at changing the intestinal microbiome. It has been demonstrated that the gut microbiome has the potential to influence HIV disease at every stage of the viral life cycle, from infection through AIDS, opening the door for therapeutic interventions targeting the gut microbiome at each of these stages. Modern therapeutic strategies, including ART and agents aimed to normalizing the gut microbiome and reducing systemic chronic inflammation, may influence the existence of the HIV reservoir and thereby provide a cure for HIV infection.
在这篇分析性综述中,作者介绍了目前关于艾滋病病毒感染持续存在与艾滋病病毒感染者(PLHIV)肠道微生物组之间关系的观点。由于种种原因,对这一问题的研究仍然具有高度的现实意义,因为尽管抗逆转录病毒疗法(ART)控制了病毒载量,但在整个艾滋病病毒感染期间,与艾滋病病毒相关的菌群失调可能是慢性疾病持续存在和发展的基础。确定肠道细菌与艾滋病相关疾病之间的密切致病联系有助于开发旨在改变肠道微生物组的新疗法。研究表明,肠道微生物组有可能在病毒生命周期的每个阶段(从感染到艾滋病)影响艾滋病毒疾病,这为在每个阶段针对肠道微生物组进行治疗干预打开了大门。现代治疗策略,包括抗逆转录病毒疗法和旨在使肠道微生物组正常化和减少全身慢性炎症的药物,可能会影响艾滋病毒储库的存在,从而治愈艾滋病毒感染。
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引用次数: 0
Features of menopausal period in HIV-positive women 艾滋病毒抗体阳性妇女更年期的特征
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-16 DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2023-15-4-36-46
A. V. Samarina, M. Yarmolinskaya, A. V. Koloshkina
In 2021 in Russia, the proportion of women among HIV-infected patients was 54.6%. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of female patients of older reproductive age and those in peri- and postmenopause among women living with HIV. Data on the age of onset of menopause and its course in this group of women are contradictory, and clinical recommendations on the features of dispensary observation, the choice of antiretroviral therapy, and the treatment of climacteric syndrome in this group of patients are absent, despite its high frequency and greater intensity of manifestations compared to population indicators. The insufficient amount of research on this topic, low awareness of doctors about the possibilities of prescribing menopausal hormone therapy to HIV-positive patients, and drug interactions between MHT and antiretroviral drugs limit the provision of effective medical care, worsen the quality of life of HIV-positive women, and represent a problem that requires a solution. This article offers a review of modern studies aimed at studying the peculiarities of menopause in women with HIV, the age of its onset, and data on the prescription of MHT. Literature search was conducted on PubMed, and the review includes articles published from 2016 to 2023.
2021 年,俄罗斯女性艾滋病毒感染者的比例为 54.6%。近年来,在感染艾滋病毒的妇女中,育龄妇女、围绝经期和绝经后妇女的人数有所增加。关于这部分女性更年期发病年龄及其病程的数据相互矛盾,尽管与人口指标相比,这部分患者的更年期发病率高、表现强度大,但却没有关于这部分患者的诊室观察特点、抗逆转录病毒疗法的选择以及更年期综合征治疗的临床建议。有关这一主题的研究数量不足,医生对向艾滋病病毒阳性患者开具更年期激素疗法处方的可能性认识不足,以及更年期激素疗法与抗逆转录病毒药物之间的药物相互作用,都限制了有效医疗护理的提供,使艾滋病病毒阳性妇女的生活质量恶化,是一个需要解决的问题。本文综述了旨在研究女性艾滋病病毒感染者更年期的特殊性、发病年龄以及 MHT 处方数据的现代研究。文献检索在PubMed上进行,综述包括2016年至2023年发表的文章。
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引用次数: 0
The nature and origin of immunosuppressive disorders 免疫抑制疾病的性质和起源
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-16 DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2023-15-4-7-24
E. Boeva, V. Rassokhin, N. Belyakov, A. S. Simbirtsev
This publication reflects modern ideas about the main aspects of etiology, pathogenesis and the latest achievements of clinical practice in the field of the most common primary and secondary immunodeficiency. The features of laboratory diagnostics of congenital immunodeficiency, risk factors and early clinical guidelines that allow the patient to suspect an immunosuppressive state are considered. Special attention is paid to the problem of secondary immunodeficiency, their prevalence and polyetiology. When covering immunopathogenesis, infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), attention is paid to the multimorbidity of clinical manifestations of HIV-associated immunosuppression and concomitant diseases, the importance of timely administration of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and its role in the development of immune reconstitution syndrome (IRS). The criteria for the diagnosis of SVI based on their own experience and the opinion of foreign colleagues, the tactics of patient management are presented in detail.
本出版物反映了有关最常见的原发性和继发性免疫缺陷病的病因、发病机制和临床实践最新成果等主要方面的现代观点。其中考虑了先天性免疫缺陷的实验室诊断特点、风险因素和早期临床指南,使病人能够怀疑自己处于免疫抑制状态。特别关注继发性免疫缺陷的问题、其发病率和多病因。在介绍由人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)引起的免疫发病机制和感染时,关注了与 HIV 相关的免疫抑制临床表现和伴随疾病的多重性、及时进行抗逆转录病毒疗法(ART)的重要性及其在免疫重建综合征(IRS)发展中的作用。根据自己的经验和国外同行的意见,详细介绍了 SVI 的诊断标准和患者管理策略。
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引用次数: 0
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HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders
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