Pub Date : 2022-11-09DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-3-24-34
S. L. Serebryakova, E. Boeva, M. Moisà, S. I. Dyrul, S. Ogurtsova, O. N. Leonov, A. Y. Kovelenov
Objective. To study the epidemiological, medical, social and clinical factors that affect the manifestations and treatment of diseases — infections caused by the immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which underlie the formation of a personalized approach to the management and treatment of people living with HIV (PLHIV).Materials and methods. Epidemiological analysis of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 in the Leningrad region for 2021–2022 was carried out. The research team conducted a questionnaire and analysis of medical documentation of 122 HIVpositive patients registered at the Leningrad Regional Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases who suffered a novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in the period from 2020 to 2022. An assessment was made of the psychological and social characteristics of patients affecting adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), the clinical picture of the course of HIV infection, including in combination with COVID-19. The fact of SARS-CoV-2 disease was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) smears from the mouth and nasopharynx. Additionally, a group of 59 PLHIV hospitalized in hospitals in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region with a severe form of COVID-19 was isolated for analysis.Results and discussion. Number of COVID-19 cases in 2020–2021 in the Leningrad region amounted to 15.553 people, of which 1.553 had a history of HIV infection (13.5% of patients registered at the dispensary). The mortality rate among PLHIV who underwent COVID-19 was 5.1%. An equal ratio of women and men was observed among 122 surveyed patients, the average age of respondents was 41 years. When assessing the social status of the respondents, it was found that 25.4% had higher education, 56.5% had specialized secondary education. 72.9% had a permanent job. 61.4% of respondents considered themselves to be in the category of material well-being of «average level», 24.6% — to «below average». The sexual route of HIV infection was established in 50.8% of patients, injectable was 29.5%, in other cases it was not unknown. The average level of CD4 lymphocytes in the blood was 544 cl/mcl, most patients (90.2%) had an undetectable indicator of HIV viral load (VL). The average duration of the disease with the new coronavirus in HIV patients was 15.6 days. At the same time, 108 (88.5%) people noted a mild course of COVID-19 and did not need hospitalization. Coverage of COVID-19 vaccination among the surveyed PLHIV was 40.9%. According to data from 59 case histories of PLHIV hospitalized as a result of the severe course of COVID-19, 55 people died, a pathoanatomic autopsy was performed in 26 cases. The autopsy revealed the following complications and concomitant diseases: miliary tuberculosis (7.7%), purulent endocarditis (11.5%), sepsis (19.2%). Improvement in the dynamics was observed only in 4 PLHIV, whose further fate is unknown.Conclusion. The study showed that the incidenc
{"title":"Determining factors of a personalized approach to patients with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"S. L. Serebryakova, E. Boeva, M. Moisà, S. I. Dyrul, S. Ogurtsova, O. N. Leonov, A. Y. Kovelenov","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-3-24-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-3-24-34","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To study the epidemiological, medical, social and clinical factors that affect the manifestations and treatment of diseases — infections caused by the immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which underlie the formation of a personalized approach to the management and treatment of people living with HIV (PLHIV).Materials and methods. Epidemiological analysis of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 in the Leningrad region for 2021–2022 was carried out. The research team conducted a questionnaire and analysis of medical documentation of 122 HIVpositive patients registered at the Leningrad Regional Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases who suffered a novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in the period from 2020 to 2022. An assessment was made of the psychological and social characteristics of patients affecting adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), the clinical picture of the course of HIV infection, including in combination with COVID-19. The fact of SARS-CoV-2 disease was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) smears from the mouth and nasopharynx. Additionally, a group of 59 PLHIV hospitalized in hospitals in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region with a severe form of COVID-19 was isolated for analysis.Results and discussion. Number of COVID-19 cases in 2020–2021 in the Leningrad region amounted to 15.553 people, of which 1.553 had a history of HIV infection (13.5% of patients registered at the dispensary). The mortality rate among PLHIV who underwent COVID-19 was 5.1%. An equal ratio of women and men was observed among 122 surveyed patients, the average age of respondents was 41 years. When assessing the social status of the respondents, it was found that 25.4% had higher education, 56.5% had specialized secondary education. 72.9% had a permanent job. 61.4% of respondents considered themselves to be in the category of material well-being of «average level», 24.6% — to «below average». The sexual route of HIV infection was established in 50.8% of patients, injectable was 29.5%, in other cases it was not unknown. The average level of CD4 lymphocytes in the blood was 544 cl/mcl, most patients (90.2%) had an undetectable indicator of HIV viral load (VL). The average duration of the disease with the new coronavirus in HIV patients was 15.6 days. At the same time, 108 (88.5%) people noted a mild course of COVID-19 and did not need hospitalization. Coverage of COVID-19 vaccination among the surveyed PLHIV was 40.9%. According to data from 59 case histories of PLHIV hospitalized as a result of the severe course of COVID-19, 55 people died, a pathoanatomic autopsy was performed in 26 cases. The autopsy revealed the following complications and concomitant diseases: miliary tuberculosis (7.7%), purulent endocarditis (11.5%), sepsis (19.2%). Improvement in the dynamics was observed only in 4 PLHIV, whose further fate is unknown.Conclusion. The study showed that the incidenc","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44101399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-09DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-3-43-50
D. Neshumaev, M. Malysheva, S. E. Skudarinov, P. Shesternya, E. Pozhilenkova, V. L. Stasenko
Objective. To establish a probable source of infection using phylogenetic analysis in the investigation of cases of HIV infection. Materials and methods. HIV genome sequencing was carried out using the kit ViroSeq (Celera). The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the maximum likelihood method in the Mega 6 program. As a comparison group, 40 samples of HIV-infected patients from the Krasnoyarsk region were used, as well as 25 nucleotide sequences of various HIV subtypes taken from the international GenBank database. The reliability of the resulting tree was evaluated in bootstrap analysis, a branch rotation test for a thousand random constructions.Results and discussion. The paper presents five cases of epidemiological investigations with a probable nosocomial and occupational mechanism of HIV infection transmission in the Krasnoyarsk region. In 2013, a study was conducted on the infection of three persons treated in the same hospital with an HIV-infected patient. A close genetic relationship of HIV was shown in newly identified individuals, the probable source could not be examined due to death. Second epidemiological investigation in 2013. The association of cases of infection between a newly diagnosed woman with HIV infection and a patient with a previously established HIV status is shown. Both persons were simultaneously in the same medical institution. To determine the direction of transmission of the virus, a test for the duration of infection was used. In 2014, after receiving medical care in four medical organizations, the patient was confirmed to be HIV positive. In all hospitals there were persons with a confirmed diagnosis of HIV infection. Three of them have been examined. The absence of a phylogenetic relationship was confirmed, the fourth died, the material could not be obtained from him. In 2015, a nurse was injured while caring for an HIV-positive patient. Phylogenetic analysis showed a high degree of genetic relationship between these cases of infection. In 2016, after a car accident, two patients were hospitalized in the intensive care unit. After some time, both were diagnosed with HIV infection. Four HIV-infected patients were in intensive care at the same time. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out in two newly identified individuals and one putative source. The association of infections in newly identified patients was shown, the alleged source could not be established.Conclusion. The use of molecular genetic methods in epidemiological investigations significantly improves the quality and accuracy of deciphering epidemic chains of HIV infection.
{"title":"Experience in the use of phylogenetic analysis in the investigation of cases of HIV-infected patients","authors":"D. Neshumaev, M. Malysheva, S. E. Skudarinov, P. Shesternya, E. Pozhilenkova, V. L. Stasenko","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-3-43-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-3-43-50","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To establish a probable source of infection using phylogenetic analysis in the investigation of cases of HIV infection. Materials and methods. HIV genome sequencing was carried out using the kit ViroSeq (Celera). The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the maximum likelihood method in the Mega 6 program. As a comparison group, 40 samples of HIV-infected patients from the Krasnoyarsk region were used, as well as 25 nucleotide sequences of various HIV subtypes taken from the international GenBank database. The reliability of the resulting tree was evaluated in bootstrap analysis, a branch rotation test for a thousand random constructions.Results and discussion. The paper presents five cases of epidemiological investigations with a probable nosocomial and occupational mechanism of HIV infection transmission in the Krasnoyarsk region. In 2013, a study was conducted on the infection of three persons treated in the same hospital with an HIV-infected patient. A close genetic relationship of HIV was shown in newly identified individuals, the probable source could not be examined due to death. Second epidemiological investigation in 2013. The association of cases of infection between a newly diagnosed woman with HIV infection and a patient with a previously established HIV status is shown. Both persons were simultaneously in the same medical institution. To determine the direction of transmission of the virus, a test for the duration of infection was used. In 2014, after receiving medical care in four medical organizations, the patient was confirmed to be HIV positive. In all hospitals there were persons with a confirmed diagnosis of HIV infection. Three of them have been examined. The absence of a phylogenetic relationship was confirmed, the fourth died, the material could not be obtained from him. In 2015, a nurse was injured while caring for an HIV-positive patient. Phylogenetic analysis showed a high degree of genetic relationship between these cases of infection. In 2016, after a car accident, two patients were hospitalized in the intensive care unit. After some time, both were diagnosed with HIV infection. Four HIV-infected patients were in intensive care at the same time. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out in two newly identified individuals and one putative source. The association of infections in newly identified patients was shown, the alleged source could not be established.Conclusion. The use of molecular genetic methods in epidemiological investigations significantly improves the quality and accuracy of deciphering epidemic chains of HIV infection. ","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48895074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-09DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-3-7-23
A. Useinova, E. Egorova, S. P. Maryanenko, Vitalii B. Kaliberdenko, K. N. Koryanova, K. E. Grogoryan
Introduction. Since the appearance of the immune deficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) at the beginning of 1980s, humanity started to understand elementary processes, underlying biology of HIV that enabled to develop safe and efficient treatment methods. Currently HIV therapy includes combined treatment regimen that allows combined drug interaction.Objective. To study the features of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and also drug interaction of specific product groups, affecting human immunodeficiency virus.Materials and methods. Analytical review is based on analysis of literary sources of scientific database (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Сyberleninka) that contains information about peculiarities of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic antiretroviral products’ interaction (ARVP) when used by HIV-infected patients for the period 1995–2022. Results and discussion. The current study enabled to summarize the research results, devoted to the issue of combined ARVP use by HIV-infected patients, and also to identify variants of irrational ARVP combination, caused by increased risk of toxicity with their simultaneous application.Conclusion. Studying the characteristics of each medical product, used in HIV infection therapy, allows to choose optimal pharmacotherapy regimens, taking into account individual patient characteristics, and also to predict and prevent the risk of adverse reactions in the future.
{"title":"Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features of antiretroviral products","authors":"A. Useinova, E. Egorova, S. P. Maryanenko, Vitalii B. Kaliberdenko, K. N. Koryanova, K. E. Grogoryan","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-3-7-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-3-7-23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Since the appearance of the immune deficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) at the beginning of 1980s, humanity started to understand elementary processes, underlying biology of HIV that enabled to develop safe and efficient treatment methods. Currently HIV therapy includes combined treatment regimen that allows combined drug interaction.Objective. To study the features of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and also drug interaction of specific product groups, affecting human immunodeficiency virus.Materials and methods. Analytical review is based on analysis of literary sources of scientific database (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Сyberleninka) that contains information about peculiarities of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic antiretroviral products’ interaction (ARVP) when used by HIV-infected patients for the period 1995–2022. Results and discussion. The current study enabled to summarize the research results, devoted to the issue of combined ARVP use by HIV-infected patients, and also to identify variants of irrational ARVP combination, caused by increased risk of toxicity with their simultaneous application.Conclusion. Studying the characteristics of each medical product, used in HIV infection therapy, allows to choose optimal pharmacotherapy regimens, taking into account individual patient characteristics, and also to predict and prevent the risk of adverse reactions in the future.","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44970354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-2-73-82
D. Ivanov, Y. Petrenko, V. А. Reznik, V. N. Timchenko, Е. B. Pavlova, Т. М. Chernova, С. L. Bannova, G. V. Kondratyev, О. L. Krasnogorskaya, М. А. Shakmayeva, М. B. Paneyah, Е. P. Fedotova, R. Nasyrov
A new coronaviral infection in the Russian Federation is registered less in a child treatment than in an adult one. Children’s COVID-19 is mainly asymptomatic or in mild, severe form occurs rarely. The percentage of paediatric-age patients that require in-patient medical care is from 5,7% to 20% of children with COVID-19. However, clinical observations show that children’s COVID-19 may be severe and extremely severe, also resulting in death. A risk group of unsmooth course of the new coronaviral infection is patients with serious comorbide pathology, in particular oncohematological disease, passing radiation, chemotherapy, transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, the most frequent paediatric-age oncological disease, may be one of the factors, predisposing to severe course of the new coronaviral infection. However, COVID-19 is likely to cause the deterioration of leukaemia treatment and an adverse outcome. The article presents a clinical observation of a 12-year-old child with a critical form of the new coronaviral infection and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in the post-transplantation period. The accumulation of COVID-19 was accompanied by deterioration in the underlying disease. Despite high-quality medical care, using modern technologies, the child had progressive deterioration with a poor outcome.
{"title":"COVID-19 i in the setting of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (case analysis, resulting in death)","authors":"D. Ivanov, Y. Petrenko, V. А. Reznik, V. N. Timchenko, Е. B. Pavlova, Т. М. Chernova, С. L. Bannova, G. V. Kondratyev, О. L. Krasnogorskaya, М. А. Shakmayeva, М. B. Paneyah, Е. P. Fedotova, R. Nasyrov","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-2-73-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-2-73-82","url":null,"abstract":"A new coronaviral infection in the Russian Federation is registered less in a child treatment than in an adult one. Children’s COVID-19 is mainly asymptomatic or in mild, severe form occurs rarely. The percentage of paediatric-age patients that require in-patient medical care is from 5,7% to 20% of children with COVID-19. However, clinical observations show that children’s COVID-19 may be severe and extremely severe, also resulting in death. A risk group of unsmooth course of the new coronaviral infection is patients with serious comorbide pathology, in particular oncohematological disease, passing radiation, chemotherapy, transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, the most frequent paediatric-age oncological disease, may be one of the factors, predisposing to severe course of the new coronaviral infection. However, COVID-19 is likely to cause the deterioration of leukaemia treatment and an adverse outcome. The article presents a clinical observation of a 12-year-old child with a critical form of the new coronaviral infection and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in the post-transplantation period. The accumulation of COVID-19 was accompanied by deterioration in the underlying disease. Despite high-quality medical care, using modern technologies, the child had progressive deterioration with a poor outcome.","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43194570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-2-62-72
Н. H. Murtazhaliev, Е. V. Alieva, V. Rassokhin
Objective. Analyse the prevalence of combined HIV/TB infections in the territory of Chechen Republic for 2013–2020.Materials and methods. The research was held by «the Republican Centre for AIDS Prevention and Control», Grozny and «The Republican Centre of Phthisiopulmonology», Grozny. It analysed the data of outpatient and inpatient charts of 148 HIVinfected with tuberculosis, identified in the period from 2013 to 2020 and being under dispensary observation in the Republican Centre of AIDS Prevention and Control, Chechen Republic.Results and discussion. The study reports that HIV prevalence in absolute terms and figures per 100.000 people decreased from 223 (16,8) in 2013 to 117 (7,9) in 2020. It should be noted that with the growth in number of checked people, tuberculosis prevalence as well as in the case of HIV infection decreased in absolute terms and figures per 100.000 of the population in the sampling period. If in 2013 it amounted 466 (35,1), in 2020 it was already 299 (20,2). Among HIV-infected citizens of Chechen Republic 167 people with tuberculosis were also detected in the sampling period. From among the combined HIV- and tuberculosis infected, 148 people subjected to regular medical check-up. The prevalence of combined HIV/TB infections per 100.000 people tended to decrease from 2013 to 2020 as well as the overall HIV prevalence without tuberculosis and tuberculosis without HIV. These changes are quite significant from 1,6 to 0,06.Conclusion. The issues of HIV infection combined with tuberculosis remains actual for all constituent entities of the Russian Federation, including Chechen Republic, based on socio-economic, demographic, epidemiological and clinical reasons. The decline in incidence and prevalence of HIV, tuberculosis and combined HIV/TB infections in the territory of Chechen Republic in 2013–2020 may have occurred due to increase in the level of economic development, favourable social programs and stabilization of demographic situation, демографической ситуации, overall reduction of substance abuse, including parenterally injectable. There is also improvement of material and technical equipment, staffing of infectious and anti-tuberculosis service. It is required to have further study of the epidemic process specificities of socially significant infections (HIV, TB, viral hepatitis) that acquire new features and characteristics during the pandemic of the new coronaviral infection.
{"title":"Analysis of HIV prevalence, tuberculosis and their combinations in the territory of Chechen Republic","authors":"Н. H. Murtazhaliev, Е. V. Alieva, V. Rassokhin","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-2-62-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-2-62-72","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. Analyse the prevalence of combined HIV/TB infections in the territory of Chechen Republic for 2013–2020.Materials and methods. The research was held by «the Republican Centre for AIDS Prevention and Control», Grozny and «The Republican Centre of Phthisiopulmonology», Grozny. It analysed the data of outpatient and inpatient charts of 148 HIVinfected with tuberculosis, identified in the period from 2013 to 2020 and being under dispensary observation in the Republican Centre of AIDS Prevention and Control, Chechen Republic.Results and discussion. The study reports that HIV prevalence in absolute terms and figures per 100.000 people decreased from 223 (16,8) in 2013 to 117 (7,9) in 2020. It should be noted that with the growth in number of checked people, tuberculosis prevalence as well as in the case of HIV infection decreased in absolute terms and figures per 100.000 of the population in the sampling period. If in 2013 it amounted 466 (35,1), in 2020 it was already 299 (20,2). Among HIV-infected citizens of Chechen Republic 167 people with tuberculosis were also detected in the sampling period. From among the combined HIV- and tuberculosis infected, 148 people subjected to regular medical check-up. The prevalence of combined HIV/TB infections per 100.000 people tended to decrease from 2013 to 2020 as well as the overall HIV prevalence without tuberculosis and tuberculosis without HIV. These changes are quite significant from 1,6 to 0,06.Conclusion. The issues of HIV infection combined with tuberculosis remains actual for all constituent entities of the Russian Federation, including Chechen Republic, based on socio-economic, demographic, epidemiological and clinical reasons. The decline in incidence and prevalence of HIV, tuberculosis and combined HIV/TB infections in the territory of Chechen Republic in 2013–2020 may have occurred due to increase in the level of economic development, favourable social programs and stabilization of demographic situation, демографической ситуации, overall reduction of substance abuse, including parenterally injectable. There is also improvement of material and technical equipment, staffing of infectious and anti-tuberculosis service. It is required to have further study of the epidemic process specificities of socially significant infections (HIV, TB, viral hepatitis) that acquire new features and characteristics during the pandemic of the new coronaviral infection.","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46422996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-2-83-90
N. Klimova, А. А. Gaus, А. О. Ramzina, I. V. Bazhuhina
X-ray morphological and clinical picture with three cases of plasmablastic lymphoma among HIV-infected with a distinctive localization of neoplastic process in the head-neck area is observed. Plasmablastic lymphoma is quite a rare pathology, characterized by extremely aggressive course of the disease and multiplicity of damage. Due to this fact, it represents a medical issue, as late diagnosis of the tumor leads to a high frequency of relapse and, accordingly, to poor prognosis.
{"title":"Тhree similar cases of plasmablastic lymphoma in HIV-infected persons","authors":"N. Klimova, А. А. Gaus, А. О. Ramzina, I. V. Bazhuhina","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-2-83-90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-2-83-90","url":null,"abstract":"X-ray morphological and clinical picture with three cases of plasmablastic lymphoma among HIV-infected with a distinctive localization of neoplastic process in the head-neck area is observed. Plasmablastic lymphoma is quite a rare pathology, characterized by extremely aggressive course of the disease and multiplicity of damage. Due to this fact, it represents a medical issue, as late diagnosis of the tumor leads to a high frequency of relapse and, accordingly, to poor prognosis.","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48479603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-2-91-97
V. Borovskaya, A. A. Kurilyov, A. Kolbin
Introduction. According to expert estimates, most of medicinal products, presented in the pharmaceutical market, are metoo. However, there is no established definition of the term.The objective of research is to assess the value of medicinal products metoo for the modern society.Materials and Methods. Systematic observation and analysis of publications, related to medicinal products metoo.Results and discussion. It was found that despite the spread of medicinal products metoo, this term is not defined in the legal sphere of any country which means there is no judicial system to control the appearance of innovative products in the market, raising doubt about the objectivity of financing, costs refund of medical technologies. Meanwhile, there are possible advantages among the medicinal products metoo, both comparing each other and regarding premium ones in their category.Conclusion. On the one hand, metoo is considered to be low-innovative medicinal products. However, there can be more effective and safer medicinal products among them, comparing already existing ones in the pharmaceutical market. On the other hand, such a wide spread leads to some obstacles for really innovative products, premium in their category. Therefore, metoo is a pressing issue for the world scientific community.
{"title":"Medicinal products me too: value in the pharmaceutical market","authors":"V. Borovskaya, A. A. Kurilyov, A. Kolbin","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-2-91-97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-2-91-97","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. According to expert estimates, most of medicinal products, presented in the pharmaceutical market, are metoo. However, there is no established definition of the term.The objective of research is to assess the value of medicinal products metoo for the modern society.Materials and Methods. Systematic observation and analysis of publications, related to medicinal products metoo.Results and discussion. It was found that despite the spread of medicinal products metoo, this term is not defined in the legal sphere of any country which means there is no judicial system to control the appearance of innovative products in the market, raising doubt about the objectivity of financing, costs refund of medical technologies. Meanwhile, there are possible advantages among the medicinal products metoo, both comparing each other and regarding premium ones in their category.Conclusion. On the one hand, metoo is considered to be low-innovative medicinal products. However, there can be more effective and safer medicinal products among them, comparing already existing ones in the pharmaceutical market. On the other hand, such a wide spread leads to some obstacles for really innovative products, premium in their category. Therefore, metoo is a pressing issue for the world scientific community.","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43742992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-2-98-105
E. M. Ugleva, T. Y. Yamschikova
The article discusses the main points of the form 088/u «Referral for medical and social examination (MSE) by a medical organization: drawn up by specialists of medical organizations (MO), when sending citizens for medical and social examination, causing difficulties in filling out for specialists of the MO and containing the greatest informative for MSE.
{"title":"On the procedure for referring citizens 18 years and older with HIV-AIDS for medical and social examination (to help a practicing doctor)","authors":"E. M. Ugleva, T. Y. Yamschikova","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-2-98-105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-2-98-105","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the main points of the form 088/u «Referral for medical and social examination (MSE) by a medical organization: drawn up by specialists of medical organizations (MO), when sending citizens for medical and social examination, causing difficulties in filling out for specialists of the MO and containing the greatest informative for MSE.","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43482193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-2-20-30
А. Antonova, А. S. Tumanov, А. V. Lebedev, Е. V. Kozyennova, L. N. Glinkina, V. Kulagin, А. B. Shemshura, P. V. Lebedev, L. V. Khoteleva, M. Bobkova
Objective. Molecular genetic analysis of AIDS-1, having spread in the territory of Krasnodar region over the 2014 to 2019, including analysis of drug resistance mutationMaterials and methods. The study used the collection of samples, obtained from 478 HIV-infected people, living in the territory of Krasnodar region over the 2014 to 2019; out of them 155 received antiretroviral therapy (ART). Genotyping of the obtained samples was carried out with the further phylogenetic analysis, including detailed analysis of identified unique recombinant forms of HIV-1.Results. It is shown that HIV-1 sub-subtype A6 (80,5%) continues dominating in the territory of Krasnodar region, genetic variant B (9,2%) is the second most common one. Also 11 unique recombinant forms (URFs) were discovered, 10 out of which are the result of A6 and B genetic variants recombination. Drug resistance mutations were registered with 114 patients, received ART (73,6%); primary mutations — M184V and A62V. Provisional indicator of transmissible drug resistance in the population of naïve patients is 4,6% (15/323); primary mutations — K103N и G190S. Conclusion. The analysis of genetic profile and HIV-1 drug resistance mutation is carried out in the territory of Krasnodar region over the 2014 to 2019.
{"title":"Genetic profile and characteristics of HIV-1 drug resistance mutation in the Krasnodar region over the 2014 to 2019","authors":"А. Antonova, А. S. Tumanov, А. V. Lebedev, Е. V. Kozyennova, L. N. Glinkina, V. Kulagin, А. B. Shemshura, P. V. Lebedev, L. V. Khoteleva, M. Bobkova","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-2-20-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-2-20-30","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. Molecular genetic analysis of AIDS-1, having spread in the territory of Krasnodar region over the 2014 to 2019, including analysis of drug resistance mutationMaterials and methods. The study used the collection of samples, obtained from 478 HIV-infected people, living in the territory of Krasnodar region over the 2014 to 2019; out of them 155 received antiretroviral therapy (ART). Genotyping of the obtained samples was carried out with the further phylogenetic analysis, including detailed analysis of identified unique recombinant forms of HIV-1.Results. It is shown that HIV-1 sub-subtype A6 (80,5%) continues dominating in the territory of Krasnodar region, genetic variant B (9,2%) is the second most common one. Also 11 unique recombinant forms (URFs) were discovered, 10 out of which are the result of A6 and B genetic variants recombination. Drug resistance mutations were registered with 114 patients, received ART (73,6%); primary mutations — M184V and A62V. Provisional indicator of transmissible drug resistance in the population of naïve patients is 4,6% (15/323); primary mutations — K103N и G190S. Conclusion. The analysis of genetic profile and HIV-1 drug resistance mutation is carried out in the territory of Krasnodar region over the 2014 to 2019.","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46458317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-2-40-49
E. Gordon, E. Yastrebova, A. Podymova
Introduction. Human immunodeficiency virus infection can alter properties of blood vessels in children and increase the risk of development of cardiovascular diseases in the future. Today the actual contribution of the effects of both HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy into such changes remains unknown. Objective. We seek to assess adverse events, including metabolic disorders (dyslipidemias), underlying antiretroviral therapy, and to determine the relation between metabolic disorders and intima injury in children receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART).Materials and methods. The adverse events were investigated within the framework of a prospective and retrospective study. The study included evaluation of biochemical parameters in relation to the therapeutic regimen; calculation of atherogenic index of plasma; and determination of incidence of dyslipidemia in children. In addition to standard tests, children on ART were evaluated for insulin resistance (using HOMA-IR) and submitted to diagnostic imaging including Doppler ultrasonography of brachiocephalic arteries and veins.Results. Children on protease inhibitor-based ART have higher total cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride levels in comparison to both children on NNRTI-based ART and children who do not receive ART. LDL levels in children on long-term ART remained within the tolerance range and were clearly higher than those in children who did not receive ART. Carotid IMT was higher in children on NNRTI-based ART in comparison to those who received protease inhibitor-based therapy; and the correlation analysis conducted revealed positive correlation between the age and carotid IMT: The later ART was prescribed, the greater IMT was, which most likely was attributable to HIV effects.Conclusion. Prescription of antiretroviral therapy at an older age results in changes in the intima-media complex, which may give evidence to vasoprotective effects of the therapy. Since HIV is directly involved in causing injury to the intima, it is advisable to start managing HIV infection in children as soon as they are diagnosed with the infection; and children to whom ART is prescribed at an older age and who develop dyslipidemia should be additionally evaluated by medical imaging with Doppler ultrasonography with carotid IMT measurement.
{"title":"Аdverse events underlying antiretroviral therapy in children with HIV infection","authors":"E. Gordon, E. Yastrebova, A. Podymova","doi":"10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-2-40-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-2-40-49","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Human immunodeficiency virus infection can alter properties of blood vessels in children and increase the risk of development of cardiovascular diseases in the future. Today the actual contribution of the effects of both HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy into such changes remains unknown. Objective. We seek to assess adverse events, including metabolic disorders (dyslipidemias), underlying antiretroviral therapy, and to determine the relation between metabolic disorders and intima injury in children receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART).Materials and methods. The adverse events were investigated within the framework of a prospective and retrospective study. The study included evaluation of biochemical parameters in relation to the therapeutic regimen; calculation of atherogenic index of plasma; and determination of incidence of dyslipidemia in children. In addition to standard tests, children on ART were evaluated for insulin resistance (using HOMA-IR) and submitted to diagnostic imaging including Doppler ultrasonography of brachiocephalic arteries and veins.Results. Children on protease inhibitor-based ART have higher total cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride levels in comparison to both children on NNRTI-based ART and children who do not receive ART. LDL levels in children on long-term ART remained within the tolerance range and were clearly higher than those in children who did not receive ART. Carotid IMT was higher in children on NNRTI-based ART in comparison to those who received protease inhibitor-based therapy; and the correlation analysis conducted revealed positive correlation between the age and carotid IMT: The later ART was prescribed, the greater IMT was, which most likely was attributable to HIV effects.Conclusion. Prescription of antiretroviral therapy at an older age results in changes in the intima-media complex, which may give evidence to vasoprotective effects of the therapy. Since HIV is directly involved in causing injury to the intima, it is advisable to start managing HIV infection in children as soon as they are diagnosed with the infection; and children to whom ART is prescribed at an older age and who develop dyslipidemia should be additionally evaluated by medical imaging with Doppler ultrasonography with carotid IMT measurement.","PeriodicalId":37381,"journal":{"name":"HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48360682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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